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Huang Y, Herbst EB, Xie Y, Yin L, Islam ZH, Kent EW, Wang B, Klibanov AL, Hossack JA. In Vivo Validation of Modulated Acoustic Radiation Force-Based Imaging in Murine Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Using VEGFR-2-Targeted Microbubbles. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:865-873. [PMID: 37433074 PMCID: PMC10784413 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to validate the modulated acoustic radiation force (mARF)-based imaging method in the detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in murine models using vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2)-targeted microbubbles (MBs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The mouse AAA model was prepared using the subcutaneous angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion combined with the β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate solution dissolved in drinking water. The ultrasound imaging session was performed at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after the osmotic pump implantation. For each imaging session, 10 C57BL/6 mice were implanted with Ang II-filled osmotic pumps, and 5 C57BL/6 mice received saline infusion only as the control group. Biotinylated lipid MBs conjugated to either anti-mouse VEGFR-2 antibody (targeted MBs) or isotype control antibody (control MBs) were prepared before each imaging session and were injected into mice via tail vein catheter. Two separate transducers were colocalized to image the AAA and apply ARF to translate MBs simultaneously. After each imaging session, tissue was harvested and the aortas were used for VEGFR-2 immunostaining analysis. From the collected ultrasound image data, the signal magnitude response of the adherent targeted MBs was analyzed, and a parameter, residual-to-saturation ratio ( Rres - sat ), was defined to measure the enhancement in the adherent targeted MBs signal after the cessation of ARF compared with the initial signal intensity. Statistical analysis was performed with the Welch t test and analysis of variance test. RESULTS The Rres - sat of abdominal aortic segments from Ang II-challenged mice was significantly higher compared with that in the saline-infused control group ( P < 0.001) at all 4 time points after osmotic pump implantation (1 week to 4 weeks). In control mice, the Rres - sat values were 2.13%, 1.85%, 3.26%, and 4.85% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postimplantation, respectively. In stark contrast, the Rres - sat values for the mice with Ang II-induced AAA lesions were 9.20%, 20.6%, 22.7%, and 31.8%, respectively. It is worth noting that there was a significant difference between the Rres - sat for Ang II-infused mice at all 4 time points ( P < 0.005), a finding not present in the saline-infused mice. Immunostaining results revealed the VEGFR-2 expression was increased in the abdominal aortic segments of Ang II-infused mice compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The mARF-based imaging technique was validated in vivo using a murine model of AAA and VEGFR-2-targeted MBs. Results in this study indicated that the mARF-based imaging technique has the ability to detect and assess AAA growth at early stages based on the signal intensity of adherent targeted MBs, which is correlated with the expression level of the desired molecular biomarker. The results may suggest, in very long term, a pathway toward eventual clinical implementation for an ultrasound molecular imaging-based approach to AAA risk assessment in asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (Y.H., Y.X., J.A.H.); Philips Research North America, Cambridge, MA (E.B.H.); Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (L.Y., Z.H.I., E.W.K., B.W.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (A.L.K.)
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Zschäpitz D, Bohmann B, Lutz B, Eckstein HH, Reeps C, Maegdefessel L, Gasser CT, Busch A. Rupture risk parameters upon biomechanical analysis independently change from vessel geometry during abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. JVS Vasc Sci 2022; 4:100093. [PMID: 36756656 PMCID: PMC9900617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The indication for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is based on a diameter threshold. However, mechanical properties, such as peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI), influence the individual rupture risk. This study aims to correlate biomechanical and geometrical AAA characteristics during aneurysm growth applying a new linear transformation-based comparison of sequential imaging. Methods Patients with AAA with two sequential computed tomography angiographies (CTA) were identified from a single-center aortic database. Patient characteristics included age, gender, and comorbidities. Semiautomated segmentation of CTAs was performed using Endosize (Therenva) for geometric variables (diameter, neck configuration, α/β angle, and vessel tortuosity) and for finite element method A4 Clinics Research Edition (Vascops) for additional variables (intraluminal thrombus [ILT]), vessel volume, PWS, PWRI). Maximum point coordinates from at least one CTA 6 to 24 months before their final were predicted for the final preoperative CTA using linear transformation along fix and validation points to estimate spatial motion. Pearson's correlation and the t test were used for comparison. Results Thirty-two eligible patients (median age, 70 years) were included. The annual AAA growth rate was 3.7 mm (interquartile range [IQR], 2.25-5.44; P < .001) between CTs. AAA (+17%; P < .001) and ILT (+43%; P < .001) volume, maximum ILT thickness (+35%; P < .001), β angle (+1.96°; P = .017) and iliac tortuosity (+0.009; P = .012) increased significantly. PWS (+12%; P = .0029) and PWRI (+16%; P < .001) differed significantly between both CTAs. Both mechanical parameters correlated most significantly with the AAA volume increase (r = 0.68 [P < .001] and r = 0.6 [P < .001]). Changes in PWS correlated best with the aneurysm neck configuration. The spatial motion of maximum ILT thickness was 14.4 mm (IQR, 7.3-37.2), for PWS 8.4 mm (IQR, 3.8-17.3), and 11.5 mm (IQR, 5.9-31.9) for PWRI. Here, no significant correlation with any of the aforementioned parameters, patient age, or time interval between CTs were observed. Conclusions PWS correlates highly significant with vessel volume and aneurysm neck configuration. Spatial motion of maximum ILT thickness, PWS, and PWRI is detectable and predictable and might expose different aneurysm wall segments to maximum stress throughout aneurysm growth. Linear transformation could thus add to patient-specific rupture risk analysis. Clinical Relevance Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture risk assessment is a key feature in future individualized therapy approaches for patients, since more and more data are obtained concluding a heterogeneous disease entity that might not be addressed ideally looking only at diameter enlargement. The approach presented in this pilot study demonstrates the feasibility and importance of measuring peak wall stress and rupture risk indices based on predicted and actual position of maximum stress points including intraluminal thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zschäpitz
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Bohmann
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitta Lutz
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department for Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Reeps
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department for Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian T. Gasser
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department for Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Correspondence: Albert Busch, MD, PhD, Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Park J, Young BD, Miller EJ. Potential novel imaging targets of inflammation in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:2171-2187. [PMID: 34734365 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality, with a pathognomonic feature of non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. While 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established modality to image inflammation and diagnose CS, there are limitations to its specificity and reproducibility. Imaging focused on the molecular processes of inflammation including the receptors and cellular microenvironments present in sarcoid granulomas provides opportunities to improve upon FDG-PET imaging for CS. This review will highlight the current limitations of FDG-PET imaging for CS while discussing emerging new nuclear imaging molecular targets for the imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryan D Young
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Edward J Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Hau RK, Klein RR, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Localization of Xenobiotic Transporters Expressed at the Human Blood-Testis Barrier. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:770-780. [PMID: 35307651 PMCID: PMC9190233 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed by basal tight junctions between adjacent Sertoli cells (SCs) of the seminiferous tubules and acts as a physical barrier to protect developing germ cells in the adluminal compartment from reproductive toxicants. Xenobiotics, including antivirals, male contraceptives, and cancer chemotherapeutics, are known to cross the BTB, although the mechanisms that permit barrier circumvention are generally unknown. This study used immunohistological staining of human testicular tissue to determine the site of expression for xenobiotic transporters that facilitate transport across the BTB. Organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT2, and organic cation transporter, novel (OCTN) 1 primarily localized to the basal membrane of SCs, whereas OCTN2, multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3, MRP6, and MRP7 localized to SC basal membranes and peritubular myoid cells (PMCs) surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) 2 localized to Leydig cells (LCs), PMCs, and SC apicolateral membranes. Organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2, and OCT3 mostly localized to PMCs and LCs, although there was minor staining in developing germ cells for OCT3. Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2A1, OATP2B1, and OATP3A1-v2 localized to SC basal membranes with diffuse staining for some transporters. Notably, OATP1C1 and OATP4A1 primarily localized to LCs. Positive staining for multidrug and toxin extrusion protein (MATE) 1 was only observed throughout the adluminal compartment. Definitive staining for CNT1, OAT3, MATE2, and OATP6A1 was not observed. The location of these transporters is consistent with their involvement in the movement of xenobiotics across the BTB. Altogether, the localization of these transporters provides insight into the mechanisms of drug disposition across the BTB and will be useful in developing tools to overcome the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic difficulties presented by the BTB. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the total mRNA and protein expression of drug transporters in the testes has been explored, the localization of many transporters at the blood-testis barrier (BTB) has not been determined. This study applied immunohistological staining in human testicular tissues to identify the cellular localization of drug transporters in the testes. The observations made in this study have implications for the development of drugs that can effectively use transporters expressed at the basal membranes of Sertoli cells to bypass the BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Hau
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Departments of Pathology (R.R.K.) and Physiology (S.H.W.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robert R Klein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Departments of Pathology (R.R.K.) and Physiology (S.H.W.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen H Wright
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Departments of Pathology (R.R.K.) and Physiology (S.H.W.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nathan J Cherrington
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy (R.K.H., N.J.C.), and Departments of Pathology (R.R.K.) and Physiology (S.H.W.), College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Rastogi V, Stefens SJM, Houwaart J, Verhagen HJM, de Bruin JL, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814123. [PMID: 35492343 PMCID: PMC9051391 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinamr Rastogi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne J. M. Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Houwaart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hence J. M. Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorg L. de Bruin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen Essers
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Nikol S, Nikol L. Update Aortenerkrankungen. AKTUELLE KARDIOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1746-8079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit berichtet über die neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse im Zusammenhang mit Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen. Schwerpunkt hierbei sind die Pathophysiologie und
Genetik, der Einfluss von Fluorochinolonen auf Aortenaneurysmen und -dissektionen sowie Marker der Aortitis. Ferner werden die wichtigsten aktuellen Leitlinienempfehlungen aus den Jahren
2017 bis 2020 zusammengefasst – der Fokus liegt hierbei auf dem Screening, der Diagnostik, den Grenzwerten für die Therapieindikationen, der Art und den technischen Details der Behandlung
sowie Nachsorge von Aneurysmen der Aorta ascendens, des Aortenbogens, der Aorta descendens und abdominalis, Penetrating aortic Ulcers, bei genetisch bedingten Bindegewebserkrankungen mit
Aortenbeteiligungen, Aortitis und mykotischen Aneurysmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nikol
- Klinische und Interventionelle Angiologie, Asklepios Kliniken Hamburg GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland
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Yaros K, Eksi B, Chandra A, Agusala K, Lehmann LH, Zaha Vlad G. Cardio-oncology imaging tools at the translational interface. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 168:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Preservation of Smooth Muscle Cell Integrity and Function: A Target for Limiting Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion? Cells 2022; 11:cells11061043. [PMID: 35326494 PMCID: PMC8947535 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a silent, progressive disease with significant mortality from rupture. Whilst screening programmes are now able to detect this pathology early in its development, no therapeutic intervention has yet been identified to halt or retard aortic expansion. The inability to obtain aortic tissue from humans at early stages has created a necessity for laboratory models, yet it is essential to create a timeline of events from EARLY to END stage AAA progression. (2) We used a previously validated ex vivo porcine bioreactor model pre-treated with protease enzyme to create “aneurysm” tissue. Mechanical properties, histological changes in the intact vessel wall, and phenotype/function of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured from the same vessels were investigated. (3) The principal finding was significant hyperproliferation of SMC from EARLY stage vessels, but without obvious histological or SMC aberrancies. END stage tissue exhibited histological loss of α-smooth muscle actin and elastin; mechanical impairment; and, in SMC, multiple indications of senescence. (4) Aortic SMC may offer a therapeutic target for intervention, although detailed studies incorporating intervening time points between EARLY and END stage are required. Such investigations may reveal mechanisms of SMC dysfunction in AAA development and hence a therapeutic window during which SMC differentiation could be preserved or reinstated.
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Gandhi R, Bell M, Bailey M, Tsoumpas C. Prospect of positron emission tomography for abdominal aortic aneurysm risk stratification. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2272-2282. [PMID: 33977372 PMCID: PMC8648657 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is characterized by an asymptomatic, permanent, focal dilatation of the abdominal aorta progressing towards rupture, which confers significant mortality. Patient management and surgical decisions rely on aortic diameter measurements via abdominal ultrasound surveillance. However, AAA rupture can occur at small diameters or may never occur at large diameters, implying that anatomical size is not necessarily a sufficient indicator. Molecular imaging may help identify high-risk patients through AAA evaluation independent of aneurysm size, and there is the question of the potential role of positron emission tomography (PET) and emerging role of novel radiotracers for AAA. Therefore, this review summarizes PET studies conducted in the last 10 years and discusses the usefulness of PET radiotracers for AAA risk stratification. The most frequently reported radiotracer was [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, indicating inflammatory activity and reflecting the biomechanical properties of AAA. Emerging radiotracers include [18F]-labeled sodium fluoride, a calcification marker, [64Cu]DOTA-ECL1i, an indicator of chemokine receptor type 2 expression, and [18F]fluorothymidine, a marker of cell proliferation. For novel radiotracers, preliminary trials in patients are warranted before their widespread clinical implementation. AAA rupture risk is challenging to evaluate; therefore, clinicians may benefit from PET-based risk assessment to guide patient management and surgical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Michael Bell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49 Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom.
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Syed MBJ, Fletcher AJ, Dweck MR. Imaging cellular activity and proliferation in the aortic wall. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1972-1975. [PMID: 31832885 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaz B J Syed
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alexander J Fletcher
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Gandhi R, Koch-Paszkowski J, Tsoumpas C, Bailey MA. [ 18F]Fluorothymidine Uptake in the Porcine Pancreatic Elastase-Induced Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Imaging 2021; 7:130. [PMID: 34460766 PMCID: PMC8404933 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7080130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model is a common preclinical model of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Some notable characteristics of this model include the low aortic rupture rate, non-progressive disease course, and infra-renal AAA formation. Enhanced [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has previously been reported in the angiotensin II-induced murine model of AAA. Here, we report our preliminary findings of investigating [18F]FLT uptake in the PPE murine model of AAA. [18F]FLT uptake was found to be substantially increased in the abdominal areas recovering from the surgery, whilst it was not found to be significantly increased within the PPE-induced AAA, as confirmed using in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo whole-organ gamma counting (PPE, n = 7; controls, n = 3). This finding suggests that the [18F]FLT may not be an appropriate radiotracer for this specific AAA model, and further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to elucidate the pathobiology contributing to the reduced uptake of [18F]FLT in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc A. Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (R.G.); (J.K.-P.); (C.T.)
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Eilenberg W, Zagrapan B, Bleichert S, Ibrahim N, Knöbl V, Brandau A, Martelanz L, Grasl MT, Hayden H, Nawrozi P, Rajic R, Häusler C, Potolidis A, Schirwani N, Scheuba A, Klopf J, Teubenbacher P, Weigl MP, Kirchweger P, Beitzke D, Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff A, Panzenböck A, Lang I, Mauracher LM, Hell L, Pabinger I, Bailey MA, Scott DJA, Maegdefessel L, Busch A, Huk I, Neumayer C, Brostjan C. Histone citrullination as a novel biomarker and target to inhibit progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Transl Res 2021; 233:32-46. [PMID: 33571683 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study has addressed the notion that NET components might serve as AAA biomarkers or novel targets of AAA therapy. Thus, parameters of neutrophil activation and NET formation were measured in plasma. Their diagnostic marker value was explored in 41 AAA patients and 38 healthy controls. The NET parameter citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) was then validated in 63 AAA patients and 63 controls matched for cardiovascular disease. The prognostic marker potential was investigated in 54 observation periods of AAA growth over 6 months. NETs were further assessed in conditioned medium and sections of aortic tissue. CitH3 was found to be increased in blood (median 362 vs 304 ng/mL, P = 0.004) and aortic tissue (50 vs 1.5 ng/mg, P < 0.001) of AAA patients compared to healthy controls and accumulated in the intraluminal thrombus (629 ng/mg). The diagnostic potential of citH3 ranged at 0.705 area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and was validated with the independent sample set. Furthermore, plasma citH3 predicted AAA growth over the next 6 months (AUROC: 0.707, P = 0.015) and dropped significantly after surgical aneurysm repair. In an angiotensin II - based mouse model of experimental AAA, an inhibitor of histone citrullination was applied to block NET formation and AAA progression. Of note, further growth of an established aneurysm was prevented in mice treated with the NET inhibitor (P = 0.040). In conclusion, histone citrullination represents a promising AAA biomarker and potential therapeutic target to control disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Eilenberg
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Zagrapan
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nahla Ibrahim
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Knöbl
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Brandau
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Martelanz
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Therese Grasl
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hayden
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paimann Nawrozi
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Rajic
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Häusler
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandros Potolidis
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nawa Schirwani
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Scheuba
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Klopf
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Teubenbacher
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus P Weigl
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Kirchweger
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Beitzke
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy: Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology; Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy: Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology; Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Panzenböck
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Marie Mauracher
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I: Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - D Julian A Scott
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albert Busch
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ihor Huk
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Gandhi R, Bailey MA, Tsoumpas C. Radionuclide molecular imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysms for risk stratification and non-invasive therapy assessment. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e386. [PMID: 33931976 PMCID: PMC8087902 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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14
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Bell M, Gandhi R, Shawer H, Tsoumpas C, Bailey MA. Imaging Biological Pathways in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Positron Emission Tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1596-1606. [PMID: 33761759 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Shawer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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Risk Factors and Mouse Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197250. [PMID: 33008131 PMCID: PMC7583758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is an important cause of death in older adults. In clinical practice, the most established predictor of AAA rupture is maximum AAA diameter. Aortic diameter is commonly used to assess AAA severity in mouse models studies. AAA rupture occurs when the stress (force per unit area) on the aneurysm wall exceeds wall strength. Previous research suggests that aortic wall structure and strength, biomechanical forces on the aorta and cellular and proteolytic composition of the AAA wall influence the risk of AAA rupture. Mouse models offer an opportunity to study the association of these factors with AAA rupture in a way not currently possible in patients. Such studies could provide data to support the use of novel surrogate markers of AAA rupture in patients. In this review, the currently available mouse models of AAA and their relevance to the study of AAA rupture are discussed. The review highlights the limitations of mouse models and suggests novel approaches that could be incorporated in future experimental AAA studies to generate clinically relevant results.
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16
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Nikol S, Mathias K, Olinic DM, Blinc A, Espinola-Klein C. Aneurysms and dissections - What is new in the literature of 2019/2020 - a European Society of Vascular Medicine annual review. VASA 2020; 49:1-36. [PMID: 32856993 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 6,000 publications were found in PubMed concerning aneurysms and dissections, including those Epub ahead of print in 2019, printed in 2020. Among those publications 327 were selected and considered of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nikol
- Department of Angiology, ASKLEPIOS Klinik St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany.,University of Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Mathias
- World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment (WIST), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dan Mircea Olinic
- Medical Clinic No. 1, University of Medicine and Pharmacy and Interventional Cardiology Department, Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aleš Blinc
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Li X, Rosenkrans ZT, Wang J, Cai W. PET imaging of macrophages in cardiovascular diseases. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1491-1514. [PMID: 32509158 PMCID: PMC7270023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the leading cause of death in United States. While tremendous progress has been made for treating CVDs over the year, the high prevalence and substantial medical costs requires the necessity for novel methods for the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of CVDs. Macrophages are a promising target due to its crucial role in the progress of CVDs (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and inflammatory cardiomyopathies). Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging technique with high sensitivity and provides quantitive functional information of the macrophages in CVDs. Although 18F-FDG can be taken up by active macrophages, the PET imaging tracer is non-specific and susceptible to blood glucose levels. Thus, developing more specific PET tracers will help us understand the role of macrophages in CVDs. Moreover, macrophage-targeted PET imaging will further improve the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and outcome prediction for patients with CVDs. In this review, we summarize various targets-based tracers for the PET imaging of macrophages in CVDs and highlight research gaps to advise future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53705, USA
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