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Porchera BR, da Silva CM, Miranda RP, Gomes ARQ, Fernandes PHDS, de Menezes CGO, Laurindo PDSDODC, Dolabela MF, Brígido HPC. Linezolid and vancomycin for nosocomial infections in pediatric patients: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:242-249. [PMID: 38145631 PMCID: PMC11065658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of nosocomial infections in children under 12 years old. DATA SOURCES This is a systematic review in which five randomized clinical trials about the effectiveness of linezolid and vancomycin, involving a total of 429 children with nosocomial infections, were evaluated. They were searched in scientific databases: PubMed, Bvs, and SciELO. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The main nosocomial infections that affected children were bacteremia, skin, and soft tissue infections followed by nosocomial pneumonia. Most infections were caused by Gram-positive bacteria, which all studies showed infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci strains being isolated. Both linezolid and vancomycin showed high therapeutic efficacy against different types of nosocomial infections, ranging from 84.4% to 94% for linezolid and 76.9% to 90% for vancomycin. Patients receiving linezolid had lower rates of rash and red man syndrome compared to those receiving vancomycin. However, despite the adverse reactions, antimicrobials can be safely administered to children to treat nosocomial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSION Both linezolid and vancomycin showed good efficacy in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by resistant Gram-positive bacteria in hospitalized children. However, linezolid stands out regarding its pharmacological safety. Importantly, to strengthen this conclusion, further clinical trials are needed to provide additional evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Russo Porchera
- Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Curso de Medicina, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica (PPGIF), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica (PPGIF), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica (PPGIF), Belém, PA, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metropolitano da Amazônia (UNIFAMAZ), Curso de Medicina, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Zou F, Cui Z, Lou S, Ou Y, Zhu C, Shu C, Chen J, Zhao R, Wu Z, Wang L, Chen Z, Chen H, Lan Y. Adverse drug events associated with linezolid administration: a real-world pharmacovigilance study from 2004 to 2023 using the FAERS database. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1338902. [PMID: 38434706 PMCID: PMC10904462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1338902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic that is active against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Real-world studies on the safety of linezolid in large populations are lacking. This study aimed to determine the adverse events associated with linezolid in real-world settings by analyzing data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: We retrospectively extracted reports on adverse drug events (ADEs) from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to that of 2023. By using disproportionality analysis including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), along with the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), we evaluated whether there was a significant association between linezolid and ADE. The time to onset of ADE was further analyzed in the general population and within each age, weight, reporting population, and weight subgroups. Results: A total of 11,176 reports of linezolid as the "primary suspected" drug and 263 significant adverse events of linezolid were identified, including some common adverse events such as thrombocytopenia (n = 1,139, ROR 21.98), anaemia (n = 704, ROR 7.39), and unexpected signals that were not listed on the drug label such as rhabdomyolysis (n = 90, ROR 4.33), and electrocardiogram QT prolonged (n = 73, ROR 4.07). Linezolid-induced adverse reactions involved 27 System Organ Class (SOC). Gender differences existed in ADE signals related to linezolid. The median onset time of all ADEs was 6 days, and most ADEs (n = 3,778) occurred within the first month of linezolid use but some may continue to occur even after a year of treatment (n = 46). Conclusion: This study reports the time to onset of adverse effects in detail at the levels of SOC and specific preferred term (PT). The results of our study provide valuable insights for optimizing the use of linezolid and reducing potential side effects, expected to facilitate the safe use of linezolid in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siyu Lou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingyong Ou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chengjie Shu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Junyou Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ruizhen Zhao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenyong Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Huayu Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanbo Lan
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Liu HY, Bi XF, Wang YJ, Xie FJ, Zhang H, Zhu YC, Zhang Y, Wang ZH, Wu D, Meng H, Lin YL, Liu LQ, Qiu SX, Gao Y, Kang K, Gao Y. Compassionate use of contezolid in a toddler with severe community-acquired pneumonia induced by staphylococcus aureus: a case report and follow-up. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1321447. [PMID: 38384659 PMCID: PMC10879426 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1321447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Initial choices of antimicrobial therapy for most cases of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under 5 years of age are typically based on local epidemiology, risk factors assessment, and subsequent clinical parameters and positive cultures, which can lead to the underdiagnosis and underestimation of lung infections caused by uncommon pathogens. Contezolid, an orally administered oxazolidinone antibiotic, gained approval from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China in June 2021 for managing complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTI) caused by staphylococcus aureus (SA), streptococcus pyogenes, or streptococcus agalactis. Owing to its enhanced safety profile and ongoing clinical progress, the scope of contezolid's clinical application continues to expand, benefiting a growing number of patients with Gram-positive bacterial infections. Case summary In this report, we present the first use of contezolid in a toddler with severe CAP caused by SA, aiming to avoid potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion Although contezolid has not been officially indicated for CAP, it has been shown to be effective and safe in the management of SA-induced severe CAP in this toddler, suggesting its potential as an alternative option in the dilemma, especially for patients who are susceptible or intolerant to ADRs associated with first-line anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Bi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng-Jie Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hongxinglong Hospital of Beidahuang Group, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi-Lu Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin-Qiong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shu-Xiao Qiu
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Antonello RM, Riccardi N, Saderi L, Sotgiu G. Synergistic properties of linezolid against Enterococcus spp. isolates: a systematic review from in vitro studies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:17-31. [PMID: 37975976 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections with limited therapeutic options. Combination of at least two antimicrobials is a possible strategy to obtain rapid and sustained bactericidal effects and overcome the emergence of resistance. We revised the literature on linezolid synergistic properties from in vitro studies to assess its activity in combination with molecules belonging to other antibiotic classes against Enterococcus spp. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature from three peer-reviewed databases including papers evaluating linezolid synergistic properties in vitro against Enterococcus spp. isolates. RESULTS We included 206 Enterococcus spp. isolates (92 E. faecalis, 90 E. faecium, 2 E. gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, 19 Enterococcus spp.) from 24 studies. When an isolate was tested with different combinations, each combination was considered independently for further analysis. The most frequent interaction was indifferent effect (247/343, 72% of total interactions). The highest synergism rates were observed when linezolid was tested in combination with rifampin (10/49, 20.4% of interactions) and fosfomycin (16/84, 19.0%, of interactions). Antagonistic effect accounted for 7/343 (2.0%) of total interactions. CONCLUSION Our study reported overall limited synergistic in vitro properties of linezolid with other antibiotics when tested against Enterococcus spp. The clinical choice of linezolid in combination with other antibiotics should be guided by reasoned empiric therapy in the suspicion of a polymicrobial infection or targeted therapy on microbiological results, rather than on an intended synergistic effect of the linezolid-based combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niccolò Riccardi
- StopTB Italia ODV, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Saderi
- StopTB Italia ODV, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- StopTB Italia ODV, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Zhang D, Xu Y, Wang X, Hou L, Xing M, Xu S, Guo R, Luo Y. Risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients receiving linezolid therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:1303-1314. [PMID: 37578552 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia (LIT) has been reported to vary widely across studies. We performed a meta-analysis to identify the risk factors for thrombocytopenia among patients who received linezolid treatment. METHODS The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to November 2022 to identify eligible studies. Data on the potential predictors of incidence in LIT were pooled using a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the robustness of the results when significant heterogeneity was observed. RESULTS Forty observational studies involving 6454 patients treated with linezolid were included in the analysis. LIT was estimated to occur in 37% of patients. The following important factors were associated with the incidence of LIT: advanced age, body mass index, concurrent renal impairment or liver disease, abnormal laboratory parameters (including white blood cell count, serum creatinine, baseline platelet count, albumin, creatinine clearance rate, and estimated glomerular filtration rate), treatment duration and renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS A variety of risk factors related to the occurrence of LIT were revealed in our analysis. Early identification of these factors could help patients improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yasi Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leping Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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