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Wang J, Liu R, Huang X, Bao Y, Wang X, Yi H, Lu Y. The Effect of Nanoscale Modification of Nisin by Different Milk-Derived Proteins on Its Physicochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activity. Foods 2024; 13:1606. [PMID: 38890836 PMCID: PMC11171616 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nisin is used as a natural food preservative because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. However, free nisin is susceptible to various factors that reduce its antimicrobial activity. Milk protein, a protein derived from milk, has self-assembly properties and is a good carrier of bioactive substances. In this study, lactoferrin-nisin nanoparticles (L-N), bovine serum albumin-nisin nanoparticles (B-N), and casein-nisin nanoparticles (C-N) were successfully prepared by a self-assembly technique, and then their properties were investigated. The studies revealed that lactoferrin (LF) and nisin formed L-N mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, and L-N had the best performance. The small particle size (29.83 ± 2.42 nm), dense reticular structure, and good thermal stability, storage stability, and emulsification of L-N laid a certain foundation for its application in food. Further bacteriostatic studies showed that L-N enhanced the bacteriostatic activity of nisin, with prominent inhibitory properties against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, which mainly disrupted the cell membrane of the bacteria. The above results broaden our understanding of milk protein-nisin nanoparticles, while the excellent antibacterial activity of L-N makes it promising for application as a novel food preservative, which will help to improve the bioavailability of nisin in food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaoyang Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
| | - Yuexin Bao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.W.); (R.L.); (X.H.); (Y.B.); (X.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Sani MA, Rajput S, Keizer DW, Separovic F. NMR techniques for investigating antimicrobial peptides in model membranes and bacterial cells. Methods 2024; 224:10-20. [PMID: 38295893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AMPs are short, mainly cationic membrane-active peptides found in all living organism. They perform diverse roles including signaling and acting as a line of defense against bacterial infections. AMPs have been extensively investigated as templates to facilitate the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics. Understanding the interplay between these membrane-active peptides and the lipid membranes is considered to be a significant step in elucidating the specific mechanism of action of AMPs against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to aid the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of various NMR techniques commonly used for studying AMP structure and AMP-membrane interactions in model membranes and whole cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Sunnia Rajput
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David W Keizer
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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3
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Li X, Cheng N, Shi D, Li Y, Li C, Zhu M, Jin Q, Wu Z, Zhu L, He Y, Yao H, Ji J. Sulfated liposome-based artificial cell membrane glycocalyx nanodecoys for coronavirus inactivation by membrane fusion. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:1-13. [PMID: 38024234 PMCID: PMC10660003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a broad-spectrum antiviral nanoparticle, the cell membrane nanodecoy is a promising strategy for preventing viral infections. However, most of the cell membrane nanodecoys can only catch virus and cannot induce inactivation, which may bring about a considerably high risk of re-infection owing to the possible viral escape from the nanodecoys. To tackle this challenge, sulfated liposomes are employed to mimic the cell membrane glycocalyx for constructing an artificial cell membrane glycocalyx nanodecoy that exhibits excellent anti-coronavirus activity against HCoV-OC43, wild-type SARS-CoV-2, Alpha and Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. In addition, this nanodecoy, loaded with surface sulfate groups as SARS-CoV-2 receptor arrays, can enhance the antiviral capability to virus inactivation through destroying the virus membrane structure and transfer the spike protein to postfusion conformation. Integrating bio-inspired recognition and inactivation of viruses in a single supramolecular entity, the artificial cell membrane nanodecoy opens a new avenue for the development of theranostic antiviral nanosystems, whose mass production is favored due to the facile engineering of sulfated liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ningtao Cheng
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yutong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Miaojin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Linwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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4
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Tan SW, Yoon BK, Jackman JA. Membrane-Disruptive Effects of Fatty Acid and Monoglyceride Mitigants on E. coli Bacteria-Derived Tethered Lipid Bilayers. Molecules 2024; 29:237. [PMID: 38202820 PMCID: PMC10780109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We report electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to characterize the membrane-disruptive properties of medium-chain fatty acid and monoglyceride mitigants interacting with tethered bilayer lipid membrane (tBLM) platforms composed of E. coli bacterial lipid extracts. The tested mitigants included capric acid (CA) and monocaprin (MC) with 10-carbon long hydrocarbon chains, and lauric acid (LA) and glycerol monolaurate (GML) with 12-carbon long hydrocarbon chains. All four mitigants disrupted E. coli tBLM platforms above their respective critical micelle concentration (CMC) values; however, there were marked differences in the extent of membrane disruption. In general, CA and MC caused larger changes in ionic permeability and structural damage, whereas the membrane-disruptive effects of LA and GML were appreciably smaller. Importantly, the distinct magnitudes of permeability changes agreed well with the known antibacterial activity levels of the different mitigants against E. coli, whereby CA and MC are inhibitory and LA and GML are non-inhibitory. Mechanistic insights obtained from the EIS data help to rationalize why CA and MC are more effective than LA and GML at disrupting E. coli membranes, and these measurement capabilities support the potential of utilizing bacterial lipid-derived tethered lipid bilayers for predictive assessment of antibacterial drug candidates and mitigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Woon Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Krok E, Stephan M, Dimova R, Piatkowski L. Tunable biomimetic bacterial membranes from binary and ternary lipid mixtures and their application in antimicrobial testing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184194. [PMID: 37328023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The reconstruction of accurate yet simplified mimetic models of cell membranes is a very challenging goal of synthetic biology. To date, most of the research focuses on the development of eukaryotic cell membranes, while reconstitution of their prokaryotic counterparts has not been fully addressed, and the proposed models do not reflect well the complexity of bacterial cell envelopes. Here, we describe the reconstitution of biomimetic bacterial membranes with an increasing level of complexity, developed from binary and ternary lipid mixtures. Giant unilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); PC and phosphatidylglycerol (PG); PE and PG; PE, PG and cardiolipin (CA) at varying molar ratios were successfully prepared by the electroformation method. Each of the proposed mimetic models focuses on reproducing specific membrane features such as membrane charge, curvature, leaflets asymmetry, or the presence of phase separation. GUVs were characterized in terms of size distribution, surface charge, and lateral organization. Finally, the developed models were tested against the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin. The obtained results showed a clear dependency of daptomycin binding efficiency on the amount of negatively charged lipid species present in the membrane. We anticipate that the models proposed here can be applied not only in antimicrobial testing but also serve as platforms for studying fundamental biological processes in bacteria as well as their interaction with physiologically relevant biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krok
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mareike Stephan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Zhao D, Ma Y, Wang W, Xiang Q. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19582. [PMID: 37809560 PMCID: PMC10558840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and mechanism of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion (CON) against Pseudomonas deceptionensis CM2. The results revealed that CON could effectively inhibit the proliferation of P. deceptionensis CM2 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. After 4 h of incubation with CON at the minimum inhibitory concentration (0.125 mg/mL), the relative fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide and 1-N-phenylnapthylamine (NPN) was increased by 32.0% and 351.4%, respectively. The membrane permeability of P. deceptionensis CM2 cells was significantly disrupted after CON treatment, resulting in the leakage of intracellular substances (such as proteins and electrolytes). CON also caused significant increases in the DiBAC4(3) fluorescence intensity of P. deceptionensis CM2 cells. These results demonstrate that CON induced inactivation of P. deceptionensis CM2 by destroying the integrity and function of bacterial membrane. A higher level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in CON-treated cells (p < 0.05), compared with control cells. Moreover, the addition of glutathione to the growth medium remarkably decreased the antimicrobial activity of CON against P. deceptionensis CM2, further confirming that oxidative stress played an important role in the antimicrobial activity of CON. Overall, CON may exhibit antibacterial effects by causing damage to the bacterial membranes and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianbo Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control (Zhengzhou University of Light Industry), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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7
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Pérez-Rodríguez M, López Cabo M, Balsa-Canto E, García MR. Mechanisms of Listeria monocytogenes Disinfection with Benzalkonium Chloride: From Molecular Dynamics to Kinetics of Time-Kill Curves. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12132. [PMID: 37569507 PMCID: PMC10418441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Unravelling the mechanisms of action of disinfectants is essential to optimise dosing regimes and minimise the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we examined the mechanisms of action of a commonly used disinfectant-benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-over a significant pathogen-L. monocytogenes-in the food industry. For that purpose, we used modelling at multiple scales, from the cell membrane to cell population inactivation. Molecular modelling revealed that the integration of the BAC into the membrane requires three phases: (1) the approaching of BAC to the cellular membrane, (2) the absorption of BAC to its surface, and (3) the integration of the compound into the lipid bilayer, where it remains at least for several nanoseconds, probably destabilising the membrane. We hypothesised that the equilibrium of adsorption, although fast, was limiting for sufficiently large BAC concentrations, and a kinetic model was derived to describe time-kill curves of a large population of cells. The model was tested and validated with time series data of free BAC decay and time-kill curves of L. monocytogenes at different inocula and BAC dose concentrations. The knowledge gained from the molecular simulation plus the proposed kinetic model offers the means to design novel disinfection processes rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Pérez-Rodríguez
- Biosystems & Bioprocess Engineering Group, IIM-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.B.-C.)
- CINBIO, Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Microbiology Group, IIM-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Eva Balsa-Canto
- Biosystems & Bioprocess Engineering Group, IIM-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.B.-C.)
| | - Míriam R. García
- Biosystems & Bioprocess Engineering Group, IIM-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 36208 Vigo, Spain; (M.P.-R.); (E.B.-C.)
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8
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Li X, Fu L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gao L. How Alligator Immune Peptides Kill Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Lipid-Scrambling, Squeezing, and Extracting Mechanism Revealed by Theoretical Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10962. [PMID: 37446138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alligator sinensis cathelicidins (As-CATHs) are antimicrobial peptides extracted from alligators that enable alligators to cope with diseases caused by bacterial infections. This study assessed the damaging effects of sequence-truncated and residue-substituted variants of As-CATH4, AS4-1, AS4-5, and AS4-9 (with decreasing charges but increasing hydrophobicity) on the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria at the molecular level by using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations predicted that all the variants disrupt the structures of the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, with AS4-9 having the highest antibacterial activity that is able to squeeze the membrane and extract lipids from the membrane. However, none of them can disrupt the structure of asymmetric outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which is composed of lipopolysaccharides in the outer leaflet and phospholipids in the inner leaflet. Nonetheless, the adsorption of AS4-9 induces lipid scrambling in the membrane by lowering the free energy of a phospholipid flipping from the inner leaflet up to the outer leaflet. Upon binding onto the lipid-scrambled outer membrane, AS4-9s are predicted to squeeze and extract phospholipids from the membrane, AS4-5s have a weak pull-out effect, and AS4-1s mainly stay free in water without any lipid-extracting function. These findings provide inspiration for the development of potent therapeutic agents targeting bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lianghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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9
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Blake MJ, Castillo HB, Curtis AE, Calhoun TR. Facilitating flip-flop: Structural tuning of molecule-membrane interactions in living bacteria. Biophys J 2023; 122:1735-1747. [PMID: 37041744 PMCID: PMC10209030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The first barrier that a small molecule must overcome before trespassing into a living cell is the lipid bilayer surrounding the intracellular content. It is imperative, therefore, to understand how the structure of a small molecule influences its fate in this region. Through the use of second harmonic generation, we show how the differing degrees of ionic headgroups, conjugated system, and branched hydrocarbon tail disparities of a series of four styryl dye molecules influence the propensity to "flip-flop" or to be further organized in the outer leaflet by the membrane. We show here that initial adsorption experiments match previous studies on model systems; however, more complex dynamics are observed over time. Aside from probe molecule structure, these dynamics also vary between cell species and can deviate from trends reported based on model membranes. Specifically, we show here that the membrane composition is an important factor to consider for headgroup-mediated small-molecule dynamics. Overall, the findings presented here on how structural variability of small molecules impacts their initial adsorption and eventual destinations within membranes in the context of living cells could have practical applications in antibiotic and drug adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marea J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Hannah B Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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10
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Evolutionary and in silico guided development of novel peptide analogues for antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 4:100183. [PMID: 37032813 PMCID: PMC10073642 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
According to WHO, to combat the resistant strains, new effective anti-microbial agents are needed on an urgent basis and global researchers should focus their efforts and discovery programs on developing them against antibiotic-resistant pathogens or priority pathogens like ESKAPE. In this context, Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being explored extensively as promising next-generation antimicrobials due to their broad range, fast kinetics and multifunctional role. Despite recent advances, it is still a daunting challenge to identify and design a potent AMP with no cytotoxicity, but with broad specific antimicrobial activity, stability and efficacy under in vivo conditions in a cost-effective and robust manner. In this work, as a proof of concept, we designed novel potent AMPs using artificial intelligence based in silico programs. Shortlisted peptide sequences were synthesized using the fmoc chemistry approach, assessed their antimicrobial activity, cell selectivity, mode of action and in vivo efficacy using a series of experiments. The synthesized peptide analogues demonstrated their antimicrobial activity (MIC in the range of 2.5-80 μM) against bacteria. The identified potential lead molecules showed antibacterial activity in physiological conditions with no signs of cytotoxicity. We further tested the antimicrobial activity of peptide analogues for treating wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mice burn wound model. In drug-development programs, the identification of lead antimicrobial agents is always challenging and involves screening a large number of molecules which is time-consuming and expensive. This work demonstrates the utility of artificial intelligence based in silico analysis programs in discovering novel antimicrobial agents in an economical, robust way.
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11
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Phenotypic and Safety Assessment of the Cheese Strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LL441, and Sequence Analysis of its Complete Genome and Plasmidome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010605. [PMID: 36614048 PMCID: PMC9820265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the phenotypic typing and complete genome analysis of LL441, a dairy Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain. LL441 utilized a large range of carbohydrates and showed strong activity of some carbohydrate-degrading enzymes. The strain grew slowly in milk and produced acids and ketones along with other volatile compounds. The genome of LL441 included eight circular molecules, the bacterial chromosome, and seven plasmids (pLL441-1 through pLL441-7), ranging in size from 8.7 to 53.3 kbp. Genome analysis revealed vast arrays of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and flavor formation in milk, as well as genes providing acid and bile resistance. No genes coding for virulence traits or pathogenicity factors were detected. Chromosome and plasmids were packed with insertion sequence (IS) elements. Plasmids were also abundant in genes encoding heavy metal resistance traits and plasmid maintenance functions. Technologically relevant phenotypes linked to plasmids, such as the production of plantaricin C (pLL441-1), lactose utilization (pLL441-2), and bacteriophage resistance (pLL441-4), were also identified. The absence of acquired antibiotic resistance and of phenotypes and genes of concern suggests L. plantarum LL441 be safe. The strain might therefore have a use as a starter or starter component in dairy and other food fermentations or as a probiotic.
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12
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Rodríguez J, Vázquez L, Flórez AB, Mayo B. Phenotype testing, genome analysis, and metabolic interactions of three lactic acid bacteria strains existing as a consortium in a naturally fermented milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000683. [PMID: 36212860 PMCID: PMC9539746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the characterization of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains -Lactococcus lactis LA1, Lactococcus cremoris LA10, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LA30- existing as a stable consortium in a backslopping-inoculated, naturally fermented milk (NFM). This study aimed at uncovering the biochemical and genetic basis of the stability of the consortium and the cooperativity among the strains during milk fermentation. All three strains were subjected to phenotyping, covering the utilization of carbohydrates, enzyme activity, and antibiotic resistance. The strains were grown in milk individually, as well as in all possible combinations, and the resulting fermented product was analyzed for sugars, organic acids, and volatile compounds. Finally, the genomes of the three strains were sequenced and analyzed for genes associated with technological and safety properties. As expected, wide phenotypic diversity was seen between the strains. Lactococcus cremoris LA10 was the only strain to reach high cell densities and coagulate milk alone after incubation at 22°C for 24 h; congruently, it possessed a gene coding for a PrtP type II caseinolytic protease. Compared to any other fermentation, acetaldehyde concentrations were greater by a factor of six when all three strains grew together in milk, suggesting that its production might be the result of an interaction between them. Lactococcus lactis LA1, which carried a plasmid-encoded citQRP operon, was able to utilize milk citrate producing diacetyl and acetoin. No genes encoding virulence traits or pathogenicity factors were identified in any of the strains, and none produced biogenic amines from amino acid precursors, suggesting them to be safe. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LA30 was susceptible to tetracycline, although it harbors a disrupted antibiotic resistance gene belonging to the tetM/tetW/tetO/tetS family. All three strains contained large numbers of pseudogenes, suggesting that they are well adapted ("domesticated") to the milk environment. The consortium as a whole or its individual strains might have a use as a starter or as starter components for dairy fermentations. The study of simple consortia, such as that existing in this NFM, can help reveal how microorganisms interact with one another, and what influence they may have on the sensorial properties of fermented products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Li S, Ren R, Lyu L, Song J, Wang Y, Lin TW, Brun AL, Hsu HY, Shen HH. Solid and Liquid Surface-Supported Bacterial Membrane Mimetics as a Platform for the Functional and Structural Studies of Antimicrobials. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100906. [PMID: 36295664 PMCID: PMC9609327 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance has provoked the urgent need to investigate the interactions of antimicrobials with bacterial membranes. The reasons for emerging antibiotic resistance and innovations in novel therapeutic approaches are highly relevant to the mechanistic interactions between antibiotics and membranes. Due to the dynamic nature, complex compositions, and small sizes of native bacterial membranes, bacterial membrane mimetics have been developed to allow for the in vitro examination of structures, properties, dynamics, and interactions. In this review, three types of model membranes are discussed: monolayers, supported lipid bilayers, and supported asymmetric bilayers; this review highlights their advantages and constraints. From monolayers to asymmetric bilayers, biomimetic bacterial membranes replicate various properties of real bacterial membranes. The typical synthetic methods for fabricating each model membrane are introduced. Depending on the properties of lipids and their biological relevance, various lipid compositions have been used to mimic bacterial membranes. For example, mixtures of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), phosphatidylglycerols (PG), and cardiolipins (CL) at various molar ratios have been used, approaching actual lipid compositions of Gram-positive bacterial membranes and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Asymmetric lipid bilayers can be fabricated on solid supports to emulate Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes. To probe the properties of the model bacterial membranes and interactions with antimicrobials, three common characterization techniques, including quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and neutron reflectometry (NR) are detailed in this review article. Finally, we provide examples showing that the combination of bacterial membrane models and characterization techniques is capable of providing crucial information in the design of new antimicrobials that combat bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ruohua Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Letian Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tsung-Wu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Anton Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsin-Hui Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Maleš M, Zoranić L. Simulation Study of the Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Associations on the Mechanism of Action with Bacterial and Eukaryotic Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:891. [PMID: 36135911 PMCID: PMC9502835 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be directed to specific membranes based on differences in lipid composition. In this study, we performed atomistic and coarse-grained simulations of different numbers of the designed AMP adepantin-1 with a eukaryotic membrane, cytoplasmic Gram-positive and Gram-negative membranes, and an outer Gram-negative membrane. At the core of adepantin-1's behavior is its amphipathic α-helical structure, which was implemented in its design. The amphipathic structure promotes rapid self-association of peptide in water or upon binding to bacterial membranes. Aggregates initially make contact with the membrane via positively charged residues, but with insertion, the hydrophobic residues are exposed to the membrane's hydrophobic core. This adaptation alters the aggregate's stability, causing the peptides to diffuse in the polar region of the membrane, mostly remaining as a single peptide or pairing up to form an antiparallel dimer. Thus, the aggregate's proposed role is to aid in positioning the peptide into a favorable conformation for insertion. Simulations revealed the molecular basics of adepantin-1 binding to various membranes, and highlighted peptide aggregation as an important factor. These findings contribute to the development of novel anti-infective agents to combat the rapidly growing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Maleš
- Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Larisa Zoranić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Glycerol Utilization as a Sole Carbon Source Disrupts the Membrane Architecture and Solventogenesis in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient bioconversion of abundant waste glycerol to value-added chemicals calls for a wider range of fermentative workhorses that can catabolize glycerol. In this study, we used quantitative gene expression and solvent profiling, qualitative metabolite analysis, and enzyme activity assays to investigate the factors that limit glycerol utilization as a sole carbon source by Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052. C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 did not produce acetate, acetone and butanol on glycerol. Congruently, the genes encoding the coenzyme A transferase subunits (ctfAB) and bifunctional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase (adhE) were down-regulated up to 135- and 21-fold, respectively, at 12 h in glycerol-grown cells compared to glucose-grown cells. Conversely, NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase A (bdhA) was upregulated 2-fold. Glycerol dehydrogenase (gldA) and dihydroxyacetone kinase (subunit dhaK) were upregulated up to 5- and 881-fold, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) showed mostly similar expression profiles at 12 h on glucose and glycerol. At 24 h, gapdh was downregulated 1.5-fold, while NADP+-dependent gapdh was upregulated up to 1.9-fold. Glycerol-grown cells showed higher or similar activity profiles for all solventogenic enzymes studied, compared to glucose-grown cells. Butyraldehyde (3 g/L) supplementation led to the production of ~0.1 g/L butanol, whilst butyrate (3.5 g/L) supplementation produced 0.7 and 0.5 g/L acetone and butanol, respectively, with glycerol. Further, the long chain saturated fatty acids cyclopentaneundecanoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, butyl ester were detected in glucose- but not in glycerol-grown cells. Collectively, growth on glycerol appears to disrupt synthesis of saturated long chain fatty acids, as well as solventogenesis in C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052.
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Abstract
This Commentary represents the first instalment of a regular feature that seeks to fulfil one of Biophysical Reviews' IUPAB mandated goals-that of assisting in the international promotion of biophysical research. Known as the 'Editors' Roundup', this Commentary feature is a multi-author collective description of recently published research from journals publishing material across the biophysical realm. Although Biophysical Reviews is published by Springer-Nature, the source of contributed articles is unrestricted and can include different commercial and society publishers. In this edition we have article descriptions from the following journals, Biophysical Reviews, Biophysics and Physicobiology and Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.
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Hall D. Biophysical Reviews: from the umbra of 2020-2021 into the antumbra of 2022. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:3-12. [PMID: 35222731 PMCID: PMC8864210 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This sub-Editorial for Volume 14 Issue 1 (2022) first makes comment on the current issue and then describes matters of interest related to the journal's activities in 2022-chief among which are (i.) the announcement of the winner of the 2022 Michèle Auger Award for Young Scientists' Independent Research, (ii.) an outline of this year's finalized Special Issue (SI) lineup, (iii.) a description of a new production service offered by Springer to those submitting to the Biophysical Reviews journal, and (iv.) an introduction of newly appointed members of the Biophysical Reviews' Editorial Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hall
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakumamachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1164 Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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