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Syngouna VI, Georgopoulou MP, Bellou MI, Vantarakis A. Effect of Human Adenovirus Type 35 Concentration on Its Inactivation and Sorption on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2024; 16:143-158. [PMID: 38308001 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Removal of pathogenic viruses from water resources is critically important for sanitation and public health. Nanotechnology is a promising technology for virus inactivation. In this paper, the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) anatase nanoparticles (NPs) on human adenovirus type 35 (HAdV-35) removal under static and dynamic (with agitation) batch conditions were comprehensively studied. Batch experiments were performed at room temperature (25 °C) with and without ambient light using three different initial virus concentrations. The virus inactivation experimental data were satisfactorily fitted with a pseudo-first-order expression with a time-dependent rate coefficient. The experimental results demonstrated that HAdV-35 sorption onto TiO2 NPs was favored with agitation under both ambient light and dark conditions. However, no distinct relationships between virus initial concentration and removal efficiency could be established from the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Syngouna
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Maria I Bellou
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
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Physiological characteristics, geochemical properties and hydrological variables influencing pathogen migration in subsurface system: What we know or not? GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS 2022; 13. [PMID: 37521131 PMCID: PMC8730742 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The global outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) draws attentions in the transport and spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aerosols, wastewater, surface water and solid wastes. As pathogens eventually enter the subsurface system, e.g., soils in the vadose zone and groundwater in the aquifers, they might survive for a prolonged period of time owing to the uniqueness of subsurface environment. In addition, pathogens can transport in groundwater and contaminate surrounding drinking water sources, possessing long-term and concealed risks to human society. This work critically reviews the influential factors of pathogen migration, unravelling the impacts of pathogenic characteristics, vadose zone physiochemical properties and hydrological variables on the migration of typical pathogens in subsurface system. An assessment algorithm and two rating/weighting schemes are proposed to evaluate the migration abilities and risks of pathogens in subsurface environment. As there is still no evidence about the presence and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in the vadose zones and aquifers, this study also discusses the migration potential and behavior of SARS-CoV-2 viruses in subsurface environment, offering prospective clues and suggestions for its potential risks in drinking water and effective prevention and control from hydrogeological points of view.
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Bi X, Liu D, Wang L, Rao L, Fu ML, Sun W, Yuan B. Deposition kinetics of bacteriophage MS2 on Microcystis aeruginosa and kaolin surface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112875. [PMID: 36179609 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Waterborne virus contamination might easily adsorb on the organic or inorganic surface in the complex aquatic environment. A quartz crystal microbalance coupled with dissipation monitoring was used to investigate the effects of the ionic strength of monovalent cation and divalent cation and pH on the deposition kinetics of bacteriophage MS2 on silica surface coated with Microcystis aeruginosa or kaolin, which represents organic or inorganic particle, respectively. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory was used to illustrate the deposition mechanisms of MS2. The increased concentration of Na+ significantly enhanced the deposition rates of MS2 on both coated silica surfaces due to the reduction of repulsive electrostatic interactions. However, the MS2 deposition rates decreased at higher ionic strength of Ca2+, which accounted for the steric and hydrophobic interactions. And the higher MS2 deposition rates on both surfaces occurred at pH 3. In addition, the deposition rates of MS2 on kaolin-coated silica surfaces were higher than on the Microcystis-coated surface under all studied conditions. Furthermore, the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory could elucidate the deposition mechanism in Na+ solution, whereas the steric and hydrophobic interactions should be considered for the presence of high concentration of Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Bi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Decai Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - La Rao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Atmospheric and Hydrologic Science, St. Cloud State University, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USA
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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Zhao P, Geng T, Guo Y, Meng Y, Zhang H, Zhao W. Transport of E. coli colloids and surrogate microspheres in the filtration process: Effects of flow rate, media size, and media species. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen X, Yang L, Guo J, Xu S, Di J, Zhuang J. Interactive removal of bacterial and viral particles during transport through low-cost filtering materials. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970338. [PMID: 35992651 PMCID: PMC9386502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen filtration is critically important for water sanitation. However, it is a big challenge to balance removal efficiency and filtering material cost. In this study, we quantified the removal processes of a bacterial strain Escherichia coli 652T7 and a model bacteriophage MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1) during their transport through columns containing iron filings (IF), calcined magnesite (CM), natural ore limestone (OL) or corn stalk biochar (BC) under saturated flow conditions. Experimental results showed that 99.98, 79.55, 63.79, and 62.59% of injected E. coli 652T7 and 98.78, 92.26, 68.79, and 69.82% of injected MS2 were removed by IF, CM, OL, and BC, respectively. The differences in removal percentage were attributed to the disparities of the microorganisms and filtering materials in surface function groups, surface charges, and surface morphology. Transport modeling with advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and interaction energy calculation with extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (XDLVO) model indicated that E. coli 652T7 and MS2 were mostly removed via irreversible attachment. In IF columns, E. coli 652T7 promoted the transport of MS2 but not vice versa. In CM columns, MS2 facilitated the transport of E. coli 652T7 and vice versa at a less extent. Such changes were a combined result of attachment site competition, steric effect, and mechanical straining. We found that the sum of the removal percentages of the two microorganisms in their respective transport experiments were similar to those calculated from their co-transport experiments. This result suggests that the removals were mainly limited by the attachment sites in the filtering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Liqiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junzhen Di
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- *Correspondence: Junzhen Di,
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Institute for a Secure and Sustainable Environment, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Jie Zhuang,
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Bai H, Chen J, Hu Y, Wang G, Liu W, Lamy E. Biocolloid transport and deposition in porous media: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Seetha N, Hassanizadeh SM. A two-way coupled model for the co-transport of two different colloids in porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 244:103922. [PMID: 34864473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Models for the co-transport of two different colloids commonly assume a one-way coupling. This is because often a large colloid and small colloid are involved. Therefore, they assume that the spread of smaller colloid is affected by the transport of larger colloids, but not the other way around. However, a number of studies have shown that this assumption is not valid, even for large and small colloids. Therefore, in this study, a two-way coupled model is developed to simulate the co-transport of two different colloids in porous media and their effect on each other. We have considered the interactions of the two colloids with the grain surface, kinetics of heteroaggregation (of the two colloids), and heteroaggregate deposition onto the grain surface. We assumed a first-order kinetic model to represent heteroaggregate formation and its deposition on the grain surface. The model is evaluated by fitting the experimental data reported in four different papers from the literature on the co-transport of clay colloids and viruses, bacteria and graphene oxide nanoparticles, and clay colloids and graphene oxide nanoparticles. The model performance is compared with the commonly-used one-way coupled model. The two-way coupled model is found to satisfactorily simulate most of the experimental conditions reported in the above papers, except for the co-transport of montmorillonite-adenovirus, and Staphylococcus aureus- graphene oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Seetha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India.
| | - S Majid Hassanizadeh
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science (SIMTECH), Integrated Research Training Group SFB 1313, Stuttgart University, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Population balance modeling of homogeneous viral aggregation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim C, Pennell KD, Fortner JD. Delineating the Relationship between Nanoparticle Attachment Efficiency and Fluid Flow Velocity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13992-13999. [PMID: 33052644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to fundamentally describe nanoparticle (NP) transport in the subsurface underpins environmental risk assessment and successful material applications, including advanced remediation and sensing technologies. Despite considerable progress, our understanding of NP deposition behavior remains incomplete as there are conflicting reports regarding the effect of fluid flow velocity on attachment efficiency. To directly address this and more accurately describe NP attachment behavior, we have developed a novel protocol using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) to separate and individually observe deposition mechanisms (diffusion and sedimentation), providing in situ, real-time information about particle diffusion (from the bulk liquid to solid surface). Through this technique, we have verified that the approaching velocity of NPs via diffusion increases (0.8-6.7 μm/s) with increasing flow velocity (6.1-106.0 μm/s), leading to an increased NP kinetic energy, thus affecting deposition processes. Further, in the presence of a secondary energy minimum associated with organic surface coatings, secondary minimum deposition decreases and primary minimum deposition increases with the flow velocity. NPs deposited at the primary minimum are relatively more resistant to hydrodynamic energies (including detachment associated energies), resulting in an increase of observed attachment efficiencies. Taken together, this work not only describes a novel method to delineate and quantify physical processes underpinning particle behavior but also provides direct measurements regarding key factors defining the relationship(s) of flow velocity and particle attachment. Such insight is valuable for next-generation fate and transport model accuracy, especially under unfavorable attachment regimes, which is a current and critical need for subsurface material applications and implication paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John D Fortner
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Gamazo P, Victoria M, Schijven JF, Alvareda E, Tort LFL, Ramos J, Lizasoain LA, Sapriza G, Castells M, Bessone L, Colina R. Modeling the Transport of Human Rotavirus and Norovirus in Standardized and in Natural Soil Matrix-Water Systems. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2020; 12:58-67. [PMID: 31721078 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-019-09414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We modeled Group A Rotavirus (RVA) and Norovirus genogroup II (GII NoV) transport experiments in standardized (crystal quartz sand and deionized water with adjusted pH and ionic strength) and natural soil matrix-water systems (MWS). On the one hand, in the standardized MWS, Rotavirus and Norovirus showed very similar breakthrough curves (BTCs), showing a removal rate of 2 and 1.7 log10, respectively. From the numerical modeling of the experiment, transport parameters of the same order of magnitude were obtained for both viruses. On the other hand, in the natural MWS, the two viruses show very different BTCs. The Norovirus transport model showed significant changes; BTC showed a removal rate of 4 log10, while Rotavirus showed a removal rate of 2.6 log10 similar to the 2 log10 observed on the standardized MWS. One possible explanation for this differential behavior is the difference in the isoelectric point value of these two viruses and the increase of the ionic strength on the natural MWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gamazo
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay.
| | - M Victoria
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - J F Schijven
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Modelling, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Alvareda
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L F L Tort
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - J Ramos
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L A Lizasoain
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - G Sapriza
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - M Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - L Bessone
- Departamento del Agua (Water Department), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, (Molecular Virology Laboratory), CENUR LN (North Littoral Regional University Center), Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, CP: 50.000, Salto, Uruguay
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Zhang W, Li S, Wang S, Lei L, Yu X, Ma T. Transport of Escherichia coli phage through saturated porous media considering managed aquifer recharge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6497-6513. [PMID: 29255976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus is one of the most potentially harmful microorganisms in groundwater. In this paper, the effects of hydrodynamic and hydrogeochemical conditions on the transportation of the colloidal virus considering managed aquifer recharge were systematically investigated. Escherichia coli phage, vB_EcoM-ep3, has a broad host range and was able to lyse pathogenic Escherichia coli. Bacteriophage with low risk to infect human has been found extensively in the groundwater environment, so it is considered as a representative model of groundwater viruses. Laboratory studies were carried out to analyze the transport of the Escherichia coli phage under varying conditions of pH, ionic strength, cation valence, flow rate, porous media, and phosphate buffer concentration. The results indicated that decreasing the pH will increase the adsorption of Escherichia coli phage. Increasing the ionic strength, either Na+ or Ca2+, will form negative condition for the migration of Escherichia coli phage. A comparison of different cation valence tests indicated that changes in transport and deposition were more pronounced with divalent Ca2+ than monovalent Na+. As the flow rate increases, the release of Escherichia coli phage increases and the retention of Escherichia coli phage in the aquifer medium reduces. Changes in porous media had a significant effect on Escherichia coli phage migration. With increase of phosphate buffer concentration, the suspension stability and migration ability of Escherichia coli phage are both increased. Based on laboratory-scale column experiments, a one-dimensional transport model was established to quantitatively describe the virus transport in saturated porous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Syngouna VI, Chrysikopoulos CV, Kokkinos P, Tselepi MA, Vantarakis A. Cotransport of human adenoviruses with clay colloids and TiO 2 nanoparticles in saturated porous media: Effect of flow velocity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:160-167. [PMID: 28441594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of two clay colloids (kaolinite, KGa-1b and montmorillonite, STx-1b) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) on human adenovirus transport and retention in water saturated porous media at three different pore water velocities (0.38, 0.74, and 1.21cm/min). Transport and cotransport experiments were performed in 30-cm long laboratory columns packed with clean glass beads with 2mm diameter. The experimental results suggested that the presence of KGa-1b, STx-1b and TiO2 NPs increased human adenovirus inactivation and attachment onto the solid matrix, due to the additional attachment sites available. Retention by the packed column was found to be highest (up to 99%) in the presence of TiO2 NPs at the highest pore water velocity, and lowest in the presence of KGa-1b. The experimental results suggested that adenoviruses would undergo substantial aggregation or heteroaggregation during cotransport. However, no distinct relationships between mass recoveries and water velocity could be established from the experimental cotransport data. Note that for the cotransport experiments, collision efficiency values were shown to be higher for the higher flow rate examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Syngouna
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece.
| | | | - Petros Kokkinos
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria A Tselepi
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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13
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Wong K, Molina M. Applying Quantitative Molecular Tools for Virus Transport Studies: Opportunities and Challenges. GROUND WATER 2017; 55:778-783. [PMID: 28542984 PMCID: PMC6146963 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been used in soil column studies for the last several decades as surrogates to study the fate and transport behavior of enteric viruses in groundwater. However, recent studies have shown that the transport behavior of bacteriophages and enteric viruses in porous media can be very different. The next generation of virus transport science must therefore provide more data on mobility of enteric viruses and the relationship between transport behaviors of enteric viruses and bacteriophages. To achieve this new paradigm, labor intensity devoted to enteric virus quantification method must be reduced. Recent studies applied quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to column filtration experiments to study the transport behavior of human adenovirus (HAdV) in porous media under a variety of conditions. A similar approach can be used to study the transport of other enteric viruses such as norovirus. Analyzing the column samples with both qPCR and culture assays and applying multiplex qPCR to study cotransport behavior of more than one virus will provide information to under-explored areas in virus transport science. Both nucleic acid extraction kits and one-step lysis protocols have been used in these column studies to extract viral nucleic acid for qPCR quantification. The pros and cons of both methods are compared herein and solutions for overcoming problems are suggested. As better understanding of the transport behavior of enteric viruses is clearly needed, we strongly advocate for application of rapid molecular tools in future studies as well as optimization of protocols to overcome their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wong
- Ecosystem Research Division, USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
| | - Marirosa Molina
- Ecosystem Research Division, USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605
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Syngouna VI, Chrysikopoulos CV. Cotransport of clay colloids and viruses through water-saturated vertically oriented columns packed with glass beads: Gravity effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:210-218. [PMID: 26747984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cotransport of clay colloids and viruses in vertically oriented laboratory columns packed with glass beads was investigated. Bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX174 were used as model viruses, and kaolinite (ΚGa-1b) and montmorillonite (STx-1b) as model clay colloids. A steady flow rate of Q=1.5 mL/min was applied in both vertical up (VU) and vertical down (VD) flow directions. In the presence of KGa-1b, estimated mass recovery values for both viruses were higher for VD than VU flow direction, while in the presence of STx-1b the opposite was observed. However, for all cases examined, the produced mass of viruses attached onto suspended clay particles were higher for VD than VU flow direction, suggesting that the flow direction significantly influences virus attachment onto clays, as well as packed column retention of viruses attached onto suspended clays. KGa-1b hindered the transport of ΦX174 under VD flow, while STx-1b facilitated the transport of ΦX174 under both VU and VD flow directions. Moreover, KGa-1b and STx-1b facilitated the transport of MS2 in most of the cases examined except of the case where KGa-1b was present under VD flow. Also, the experimental data were used for the estimation of virus surface-coverages and virus surface concentrations generated by virus diffusion-limited attachment, as well as virus attachment due to sedimentation. Both sedimentation and diffusion limited virus attachment were higher for VD than VU flow, except the case of MS2 and STx-1b cotransport. The diffusion-limited attachment was higher for MS2 than ΦΧ174 for all cases examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki I Syngouna
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
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Stevenson ME, Sommer R, Lindner G, Farnleitner AH, Toze S, Kirschner AKT, Blaschke AP, Sidhu JPS. Attachment and Detachment Behavior of Human Adenovirus and Surrogates in Fine Granular Limestone Aquifer Material. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1392-1401. [PMID: 26436257 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.01.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The transport of human adenovirus, nanoparticles, and PRD1 and MS2 bacteriophages was tested in fine granular limestone aquifer material taken from a borehole at a managed aquifer recharge site in Adelaide, South Australia. Comparison of transport and removal of virus surrogates with the pathogenic virus is necessary to understand the differences between the virus and surrogate. Because experiments using pathogenic viruses cannot be done in the field, laboratory tests using flow-through soil columns were used. Results show that PRD1 is the most appropriate surrogate for adenovirus in an aquifer dominated by calcite material but not under high ionic strength or high pH conditions. It was also found that straining due to size and the charge of the colloid were not dominant removal mechanisms in this system. Implications of this study indicate that a certain surrogate may not represent a specific pathogen solely based on similar size, morphology, and/or surface charge. Moreover, if a particular surrogate is representative of a pathogen in one aquifer system, it may not be the most appropriate surrogate in another porous media system. This was apparent in the inferior performance of MS2 as a surrogate, which is commonly used in virus transport studies.
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