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Shahlaee A, Yang D, Chen J, Lamy R, Stewart JM. Vitreous Biomarkers for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Prognostication in Patients Undergoing Primary Retinal Detachment Repair. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:3. [PMID: 38180775 PMCID: PMC10774689 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare baseline levels of exploratory biomarkers in the vitreous fluid of patients with primary retinal detachment who subsequently develop proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) versus those who do not. Methods In this exploratory case-control study, we evaluated the baseline protein biomarker levels from a biobank containing the vitreous fluid of patients who had undergone primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Undiluted samples were collected at the time of PPV and stored at -80°C. Samples from 13 patients who developed PVR within 6 months (PVR group) and 13 age- and gender-matched controls who did not develop PVR (control group) were included. Protein abundance levels were evaluated using a proximity extension assay, and a confirmatory enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentration of vimentin. Results Baseline vimentin (Normalized Protein eXpression [NPX], 8.6 vs. 6.4, P < 0.0001) and heme oxygenase 1 (NPX 8.9 vs. 7.0, P < 0.001) levels were found to be elevated in vitreous fluid of patients who subsequently developed PVR compared to those who did not. Confirmatory analysis using ELISA demonstrated mean vimentin concentrations of 7254 vs. 2727 ng/mL in the PVR versus control groups (P = 0.0152). The odds ratio for developing PVR was 14 (confidence interval, 1.4-168; P = 0.03), assuming a baseline vimentin threshold of 7500 ng/mL. Conclusions Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein expressed by retinal glial cells, and our data combined with prior evidence suggest that it may serve as an early vitreous biomarker for subsequent PVR formation and reactive gliosis. Furthermore, we found, for the first time, elevated baseline levels of heme oxygenase 1, a measurable indicator of oxidative stress. Translational Relevance Our positive findings could impact clinical care for retinal detachment patients by facilitating risk stratification for targeted interventions or closer monitoring in those at the highest risk of developing PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abtin Shahlaee
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daphne Yang
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Chen
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Lamy
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jay M. Stewart
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Zhan X, Li J, Guo Y, Golubnitschaja O. Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:449-475. [PMID: 34876936 PMCID: PMC8639411 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular disease, several types of malignancies, neurological and eye pathologies-all exerted system's enormous socio-economic burden to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM) has been declared as an essential transformation of the overall healthcare approach to benefit the patient and society at large. To this end, specific biomarker panels are instrumental for a cost-effective predictive approach of individualized prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The source of biomarkers is crucial for specificity and reliability of diagnostic tests and treatment targets. Furthermore, any diagnostic approach preferentially should be noninvasive to increase availability of the biomaterial, and to decrease risks of potential complications as well as concomitant costs. These requirements are clearly fulfilled by tear fluid, which represents a precious source of biomarker panels. The well-justified principle of a "sick eye in a sick body" makes comprehensive tear fluid biomarker profiling highly relevant not only for diagnostics of eye pathologies but also for prediction, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of systemic diseases. One prominent example is the Sicca syndrome linked to a cascade of severe complications that include dry eye, neurologic, and oncologic diseases. In this review, protein profiles in tear fluid are highlighted and corresponding biomarkers are exemplified for several relevant pathologies, including dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, cancers, and neurological disorders. Corresponding analytical approaches such as sample pre-processing, differential proteomics, electrophoretic techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), microarrays, and mass spectrometry (MS) methodology are detailed. Consequently, we proposed the overall strategies based on the tear fluid biomarkers application for 3P medicine practice. In the context of 3P medicine, tear fluid analytical pathways are considered to predict disease development, to target preventive measures, and to create treatment algorithms tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong First Medical University, 38 Wuying Shan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yuna Guo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Grotegut P, Perumal N, Kuehn S, Smit A, Dick HB, Grus FH, Joachim SC. Minocycline reduces inflammatory response and cell death in a S100B retina degeneration model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:375. [PMID: 33317557 PMCID: PMC7737388 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies noted that intravitreal injection of S100B triggered a glaucoma-like degeneration of retina and optic nerve as well as microglia activation after 14 days. The precise role of microglia in our intravitreal S100B model is still unclear. Hence, microglia were inhibited through minocycline. The aim is to investigate whether microglia have a significant influence on the degeneration process or whether they are only a side effect in the model studied here. METHODS Minocycline was applied daily in rats by intraperitoneal injection using two different concentrations (13.5 mg/kg body weight, 25 mg/kg body weight). One day after treatment start, S100B or PBS was intravitreally injected in one eye per rat. The naïve groups received no injections. This resulted in a total of five groups (naïve n = 14, PBS n = 14, S100B n = 13, 13.5 mg/kg mino n = 15, 25 mg/kg mino n = 15). At day 14, electroretinogram measurements were performed, followed by immunofluorescence and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis. The focus of these investigations was on the survival of RGCs as well as their axons, the response of the microglia, and the identification of further pathological modes of action of S100B. RESULTS The best signal transmission was detected via ERG in the 13.5 mg/kg mino group. The inhibition of the microglia protected optic nerve neurofilaments and decreased the negative impact of S100B on RGCs. However, the minocycline treatment could not trigger complete protection of RGCs. Furthermore, in retina and optic nerve, the minocycline treatment reduced the number and activity of S100B-triggered microglia in a concentration-dependent manner. Proteomics analysis showed that S100B application led to numerous metabolic functions and cellular stress, mainly an increased inflammatory response, glycolysis, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which caused oxidative stress in the retina. Importantly, the protective capability of lower dose of minocycline was unraveled by suppressing the apoptotic, inflammatory, and the altered metabolic processes caused by S100B insult in the retina. CONCLUSION Intravitreally injected S100B not only led to a pro-inflammatory microglial reaction, but also a mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. Also, these results suggest that an excessive microglial response may be a significant degenerative factor, but not the only trigger for increased cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Grotegut
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Kuehn
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Smit
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - H Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephanie C Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892, Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
The diseases affecting the retina or uvea (iris, ciliary body, or choroid) generate changes in the biochemical or protein composition of ocular fluids/tissues due to disruption of blood-retinal barrier. Ocular infections and inflammations are sight-threatening diseases associated with various infectious and non-infectious etiologies. Several etiological entities cause uveitis, a complex intraocular inflammatory disease. These causes of uveitis differ in different populations due to geographical, racial, and socioeconomic variations. While clinical appearance is sufficiently diagnostic in many diseases, some of the uveitic entities manifest nonspecific or atypical clinical presentation. Identification of biomarkers in such diseases is an important aid in their diagnostic armamentarium. Different diseases and their different severity states release varying concentrations of proteins, which can serve as biomarkers. Proteomics is a high throughput technology and a powerful screening tool for serum biomarkers in various diseases that identifies proteins by mass spectrometry and helps to improve the understanding of pathogenesis of a disease. Proteins determine the biological state of a cell. Once identified as biomarkers, they serve as future diagnostic and pharmaceutical targets. With a potential to redirect the diagnosis of idiopathic uveitis, ocular proteomics provide a new insight into the pathophysiology and therapeutics of various ocular inflammatory diseases. Tears, aqueous and vitreous humor represent potential repositories for proteomic biomarkers discovery in uveitis. With an extensive proteomics work done on animal models of uveitis, various types of human uveitis are being subjected to proteome analysis for biomarker discovery in different ocular fluids (vitreous, aqueous, or tears).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Bansal
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amod Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Lüling R, Schmeißer W, Siegert M, Mückter H, Dietrich A, Thiermann H, Gudermann T, John H, Steinritz D. Identification of creatine kinase and alpha-1 antitrypsin as protein targets of alkylation by sulfur mustard. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:268-282. [PMID: 32852113 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxic chemical warfare agent deployed in several conflicts within the last 100 years and still represents a threat in terroristic attacks and warfare. SM research focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of SM and identifying novel biomarkers of exposure. SM is known to alkylate nucleophilic moieties of endogenous proteins, for example, free thiol groups of cysteine residues. The two-dimensional-thiol-differences in gel electrophoresis (2D-thiol-DIGE) technique is an initial proteomics approach to detect proteins with free cysteine residues. These amino acids are selectively labeled with infrared-maleimide dyes visualized after GE. Cysteine residues derivatized by alkylating agents are no longer accessible for the maleimide-thiol coupling resulting in the loss of the fluorescent signal of the corresponding protein. To prove the applicability of 2D-thiol-DIGE, this technology was exemplarily applied to neat human serum albumin treated with SM, to lysates from human cell culture exposed to SM as well as to human plasma exposed to CEES (chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, an SM analogue). Exemplarily, the most prominent proteins modified by SM were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tandem) mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS(/MS), as creatine kinase (CK) from human cells and as alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) from plasma samples. Peptides containing the residue Cys282 of CK and Cys232 of A1AT were unambiguously identified by micro liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization high-resolution tandem-mass spectrometry (μLC-ESI MS/HR MS) as being alkylated by SM bearing the specific hydroxyethylthioethyl-(HETE)-moiety. Both peptides might represent potential biomarkers of SM exposure. This is the first report introducing these endogenous proteins as targets of SM alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Lüling
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Siegert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Mückter
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.,Bundeswehr Medical Service Academy, Munich, Germany
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6
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Kliuchnikova AA, Samokhina NI, Ilina IY, Karpov DS, Pyatnitskiy MA, Kuznetsova KG, Toropygin IY, Kochergin SA, Alekseev IB, Zgoda VG, Archakov AI, Moshkovskii SA. Human aqueous humor proteome in cataract, glaucoma, and pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Proteomics 2017; 16:1938-46. [PMID: 27193151 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine human aqueous humor samples from patients with eye diseases such as cataract and glaucoma with and without pseudoexfoliation syndrome were characterized by LC-high resolution MS analysis. In total, 269 protein groups were identified with 1% false discovery rate including 32 groups that were not reported previously for this biological fluid. Since the samples were analyzed individually, but not pooled, 36 proteins were identified in all samples, comprising the constitutive proteome of the fluid. The most dominant molecular function of aqueous humor proteins as determined by GO analysis is endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Label-free protein quantification showed no significant difference between glaucoma and cataract aqueous humor proteomes. At the same time, we found decrease in the level of apolipoprotein D as a marker of the pseudoexfoliation syndrome. The data are available from ProteomeXchange repository (PXD002623).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda I Samokhina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry S Karpov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Pyatnitskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Igor B Alekseev
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Sergei A Moshkovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
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7
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Cehofski LJ, Honoré B, Vorum H. A Review: Proteomics in Retinal Artery Occlusion, Retinal Vein Occlusion, Diabetic Retinopathy and Acquired Macular Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050907. [PMID: 28452939 PMCID: PMC5454820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are frequent ocular diseases with potentially sight-threatening outcomes. In the present review we discuss major findings of proteomic studies of RAO, RVO, DR and AMD, including an overview of ocular proteome changes associated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments. Despite the severe outcomes of RAO, the proteome of the disease remains largely unstudied. There is also limited knowledge about the proteome of RVO, but proteomic studies suggest that RVO is associated with remodeling of the extracellular matrix and adhesion processes. Proteomic studies of DR have resulted in the identification of potential therapeutic targets such as carbonic anhydrase-I. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the most intensively studied stage of DR. Proteomic studies have established VEGF, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and complement components as key factors associated with AMD. The aim of this review is to highlight the major milestones in proteomics in RAO, RVO, DR and AMD. Through large-scale protein analyses, proteomics is bringing new important insights into these complex pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1182, 024, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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8
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Chen HY, Chou HC, Chang SJ, Liao EC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Li JM, Lin LH, Lin MW, Chen YJ, Chen YS, Lin CC, Wang YS, Ko ML, Chan HL. Proteomic Analysis of Various Rat Ocular Tissues after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Possible Relevance to Acute Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020334. [PMID: 28165428 PMCID: PMC5343869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and optical nerve damage. To investigate the protein expression alterations in various intraocular tissues (i.e., the cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, retina, and sclera) during ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, this study performed a proteomic analysis to qualitatively investigate such alterations resulting from acute glaucoma. The IR injury model combined with the proteomic analysis approach of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to monitor the protein expression alterations in two groups of specimens (an IR injury group and a control group). The analysis results revealed 221 unique differentially expressed proteins of a total of 1481 proteins in the cornea between the two groups. In addition, 97 of 1206 conjunctival proteins, 90 of 1354 uveal proteins, 61 of 1180 scleral proteins, and 37 of 1204 retinal proteins were differentially expressed. These findings imply that different ocular tissues have different tolerances against IR injury. To sum up, this study utilized the acute glaucoma model combined with 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF MS to investigate the IR injury affected protein expression on various ocular tissues, and based on the ratio of protein expression alterations, the alterations in the ocular tissues were in the following order: the cornea, conjunctiva, uvea, sclera, and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Teacher Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Gynecologic Oncology Section Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - En-Chi Liao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Min Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lan Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology & Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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9
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Funke S, Markowitsch S, Schmelter C, Perumal N, Mwiiri FK, Gabel-Scheurich S, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. In-Depth Proteomic Analysis of the Porcine Retina by Use of a four Step Differential Extraction Bottom up LC MS Platform. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7262-7275. [PMID: 27796761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The eye of the house swine (Sus scrofa domestica Linnaeus, 1758) represents a promising model for the study of human eye diseases encircling neurodegenerative retina disorders that go along with proteomic changes. To provide an in-depth view into the "normal" (untreated & healthy) porcine retina proteome as an important reference, a proteomic strategy has been developed encircling stepwise/differential extraction, LC MS and peptide de novo sequencing. Accordingly, pooled porcine retina homogenates were processed by stepwise DDM, CHAPS, ASB14 and ACN/TFA extraction. Retinal proteins were fractionated by 1D-SDS PAGE and further analyzed by LC ESI MS following database and de novo sequencing related protein identification and functional analyses. In summary, >2000 retinal proteins (FDR < 1 %) could be identified by use of the highly reproducible and selective extraction procedure. Moreover, an identification surplus of 36 % comparing initial one step extraction to the four step method could be documented. Despite most proteins were identified in the DDM and CHAPS fraction, all extraction steps contributed exclusive proteins with nucleus proteins enriched in the final ACN/TFA fraction. Additionally, for the first time new non-annotated de novo peptides could be documented for the porcine retina. The generated porcine retina proteome reference map contributes importantly to the understanding of the pig eye proteome and the developed workflow has strong translational potential considering retina studies of various species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Funke
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sascha Markowitsch
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Schmelter
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francis Kamau Mwiiri
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Silke Gabel-Scheurich
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center (Universitätsmedizin), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Proteomic Analysis of the Vitreous following Experimental Retinal Detachment in Rabbits. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:583040. [PMID: 26664739 PMCID: PMC4667062 DOI: 10.1155/2015/583040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) remains incompletely understood, with no clinically effective treatment for potentially severe complications such as photoreceptor cell death and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Here we investigate the protein profile of the vitreous following experimental retinal detachment using a comparative proteomic based approach. Materials and Methods. Retinal detachment was created in the right eyes of six New Zealand red pigmented rabbits. Sham surgery was undertaken in five other rabbits that were used as controls. After seven days the eyes were enucleated and the vitreous was removed. The vitreous samples were evaluated with two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the differentially expressed proteins were identified with tandem mass spectrometry. Results. Ten protein spots were found to be at least twofold differentially expressed when comparing the vitreous samples of the sham and retinal detachment surgery groups. Protein spots that were upregulated in the vitreous following retinal detachment were identified as albumin fragments, and those downregulated were found to be peroxiredoxin 2, collagen-Iα1 fragment, and α-1-antiproteinase F. Conclusions. Proteomic investigation of the rabbit vitreous has identified a set of proteins that help further our understanding of the pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and its complications.
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11
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Abstract
Current proteomic technologies can effectively be used to study the proteins of the vitreous body and retina in health and disease. The use of appropriate samples, analytical platform and bioinformatic method are essential factors to consider when undertaking such studies. Certain proteins may hinder the detection and evaluation of more relevant proteins associated with pathological processes if not carefully considered, particularly in the sample preparation and data analysis stages. The utilization of more than one quantification technique and database search program to expand the level of proteome coverage and analysis will help to generate more robust and worthwhile results. This review discusses important aspects of sample processing and the use of label and label-free quantitative proteomics strategies applied to the vitreous and retina.
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Cehofski LJ, Kruse A, Kjærgaard B, Stensballe A, Honoré B, Vorum H. Proteins involved in focal adhesion signaling pathways are differentially regulated in experimental branch retinal vein occlusion. Exp Eye Res 2015; 138:87-95. [PMID: 26086079 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular disease, but global protein changes following the condition remain largely unelucidated. To bring new insights into pathological processes and identify potential therapeutic targets, large-scale retinal protein changes following BRVO were studied by combining a porcine model of experimental BRVO with proteomic analysis by label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Among a total set of 1974 proteins, 52 significantly upregulated proteins and 10 significantly downregulated proteins were identified in retinas with BRVO after 15 days. Significantly upregulated proteins were involved in signaling pathways of focal adhesion via integrin and blood coagulation. Proteins involved in focal adhesion signaling included collagen α-2 chain, laminin subunit β-2, laminin subunit γ-1, lipocalin-7, nidogen-2, osteopontin, integrin-β, α-actinin-1, isoform 2 of α-actinin-1, talin-2 and filamin C. The identified proteins indicate that BRVO was associated with extracellular matrix remodeling processes. The present study identified focal adhesion signaling and ECM remodeling as important biological mechanisms to evaluate in the search for signaling pathways that promote neovascularisation and macular edema following BRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Jørgensen Cehofski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Anders Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Benedict Kjærgaard
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Dye-Free Porcine Model of Experimental Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Suitable Approach for Retinal Proteomics. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:839137. [PMID: 26064675 PMCID: PMC4433685 DOI: 10.1155/2015/839137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Branch retinal vein occlusion induces complex biological processes in the retina that are generated by a multitude of interacting proteins. These proteins and their posttranslational modifications can effectively be studied using modern proteomic techniques. However, no method for studying large-scale protein changes following branch retinal vein occlusion has been available until now. Obtainment of retinal tissue exposed to branch retinal vein occlusion is only available through experimental animal models. Traditional models of experimental branch retinal vein occlusion require the use of Rose Bengal dye combined with argon laser photocoagulation. The use of Rose Bengal dye is problematic in proteomic studies as the dye can induce multiple protein modifications when irradiated. This paper presents a novel technique for proteomic analysis of porcine retinal tissue with branch retinal vein occlusion combining a dye-free experimental model with label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based proteomics.
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Rocha AS, Santos FM, Monteiro JP, Castro-de-Sousa JP, Queiroz JA, Tomaz CT, Passarinha LA. Trends in proteomic analysis of human vitreous humor samples. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2495-508. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Rocha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Fátima M. Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João P. Monteiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - João P. Castro-de-Sousa
- Medical Sciences Department; Faculty of Health sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Ophthalmology Service; Leiria-Pombal Hospital Center; Pombal Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Cândida T. Tomaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
- Medical Sciences Department; Faculty of Health sciences; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã Portugal
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Galera PD, Ribeiro CR, Sapp HL, Coleman J, Fontes W, Brooks DE. Proteomic analysis of equine amniotic membrane: characterization of proteins. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:198-209. [PMID: 24981051 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human amniotic membrane (AM) has been used as a biomaterial for surgical wound skin and ocular surface reconstruction for several years. Currently, equine AM has been used for corneal reconstruction in several animal species, and appears to have the same properties as human AM. Despite the observed positive healing abilities of this tissue in horses with ulcerative keratitis the proteins of equine AM have not been described. OBJECTIVE To identify proteins known to be associated with corneal healing from frozen equine AM. PROCEDURES Placentas were acquired from healthy live foal births from a local Thoroughbred breeding farm. The amnion was removed from the chorion by blunt dissection, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and treated with 0.05% trypsin and 0.02% ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid in PBS. Amnion was attached to nitrocellulose paper (epithelial side up), and cut into 4 × 4 cm pieces. The sheets were frozen at -80 °C. The protein samples were solubilized, and analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis and shotgun proteomics. RESULTS A reference identification map of the equine AM proteins was produced and 149 different proteins were identified. From gel-based proteomics, 49 spots were excised and 43 proteins identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Shotgun proteomics identified 116 proteins with an overlap of 10 proteins in both analyses. CONCLUSIONS We have described a reference map for equine AM proteins that may provide a background to explain the positive results found in horses with ulcerative keratopathies using this biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula D Galera
- Veterinary Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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16
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Tears as a source of biomarkers for ocular and systemic diseases. Exp Eye Res 2013; 117:126-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tezel G. A proteomics view of the molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 35:18-43. [PMID: 23396249 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improving understanding of glaucoma, key molecular players of neurodegeneration that can be targeted for treatment of glaucoma, or molecular biomarkers that can be useful for clinical testing, remain unclear. Proteomics technology offers a powerful toolbox to accomplish these important goals of the glaucoma research and is increasingly being applied to identify molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of glaucoma. Recent studies of glaucoma using proteomics analysis techniques have resulted in the lists of differentially expressed proteins in human glaucoma and animal models. The global analysis of protein expression in glaucoma has been followed by cell-specific proteome analysis of retinal ganglion cells and astrocytes. The proteomics data have also guided targeted studies to identify post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions during glaucomatous neurodegeneration. In addition, recent applications of proteomics have provided a number of potential biomarker candidates. Proteomics technology holds great promise to move glaucoma research forward toward new treatment strategies and biomarker discovery. By reviewing the major proteomics approaches and their applications in the field of glaucoma, this article highlights the power of proteomics in translational and clinical research related to glaucoma and also provides a framework for future research to functionally test the importance of specific molecular pathways and validate candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Wang H, Feng L, Hu J, Xie C, Wang F. Differentiating vitreous proteomes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Exp Eye Res 2012; 108:110-9. [PMID: 23276812 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious microangiopathic complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of blindness in working-age adults. Diabetes-induced alterations in the vitreous protein composition in diabetic patients with PDR may be responsible for the presence of PDR. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis and compared the protein profiles of vitreous humor from type 2 diabetic patients with PDR (n = 8) and that from normal human eyes donated for corneal transplant (n = 8). Using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray Ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), we identified 96 significant differentially expressed proteins (abundance ratio > 1.5, p < 0.05), including 37 and 59 proteins up- and downregulated in PDR vitreous compared with the control, respectively. Biological pathway analysis revealed 44 proteins involved in 56 biological pathways; among them, the most remarkable pathways differentially represented between PDR and normal vitreous were the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, complement and coagulation cascades, gap junction, and phagosome pathways. The differential expressions of angiopoietin-related protein 6, apolipoprotein A-I, estrogen receptor alpha, and tubulin were confirmed by western blot analysis. These data provide insight into the molecular events possibly involved in the pathogenesis of PDR and widen the scope of potential avenues for new therapies for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Proteomic analyses of the vitreous humour. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:148039. [PMID: 22973072 PMCID: PMC3437669 DOI: 10.1155/2012/148039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human vitreous humour (VH) is a transparent, highly hydrated gel, which occupies the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and the retina. Physiological and pathological conditions of the retina are reflected in the protein composition of the VH, which can be sampled as part of routine surgical procedures. Historically, many studies have investigated levels of individual proteins in VH from healthy and diseased eyes. In the last decade, proteomics analyses have been performed to characterise the proteome of the human VH and explore networks of functionally related proteins, providing insight into the aetiology of diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent proteomic studies on the VH from animal models of autoimmune uveitis have identified new signalling pathways associated to autoimmune triggers and intravitreal inflammation. This paper aims to guide biological scientists through the different proteomic techniques that have been used to analyse the VH and present future perspectives for the study of intravitreal inflammation using proteomic analyses.
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Evans C, Noirel J, Ow SY, Salim M, Pereira-Medrano AG, Couto N, Pandhal J, Smith D, Pham TK, Karunakaran E, Zou X, Biggs CA, Wright PC. An insight into iTRAQ: where do we stand now? Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1011-27. [PMID: 22451173 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) technique is widely employed in proteomic workflows requiring relative quantification. Here, we review the iTRAQ literature; in particular, we focus on iTRAQ usage in relation to other commonly used quantitative techniques e.g. stable isotope labelling in culture (SILAC), label-free methods and selected reaction monitoring (SRM). As a result, we identify several issues arising with respect to iTRAQ. Perhaps frustratingly, iTRAQ's attractiveness has been undermined by a number of technical and analytical limitations: it may not be truly quantitative, as the changes in abundance reported will generally be underestimated. We discuss weaknesses and strengths of iTRAQ as a methodology for relative quantification in the light of this and other technical issues. We focus on technical developments targeted at iTRAQ accuracy and precision, use of 4-plex over 8-plex reagents and application of iTRAQ to post-translational modification (PTM) workflows. We also discuss iTRAQ in relation to label-free approaches, to which iTRAQ is losing ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Evans
- The ChELSI Institute, Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Hadjistilianou T, Giglioni S, Micheli L, Vannoni D, Brogi E, Cevenini G, Cortelazzo A, De Francesco S, Menicacci F, Leoncini R. Analysis of aqueous humour proteins in patients with retinoblastoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 40:e8-e15. [PMID: 22003840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate aqueous humour protein composition from retinoblastoma patients. DESIGN Prospective, hospital-based study. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen retinoblastoma patients (Reese-Ellsworth stage V or ABC classification group E RB) undergoing ocular enucleation, and 10 normal subjects undergoing cataract surgery. Five of 18 patients presented with associated secondary glaucoma whereas 13 had no secondary glaucoma; 5 of 13 patients with no secondary glaucoma received chemotherapeutical treatment with melphalan. METHODS Aqueous humour samples were collected by limbal paracentesis of the anterior chamber after ocular enucleation in patients and after the stab peripheral corneal incision in controls. Total protein concentration according to Bradford method and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the samples were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Aqueous humour protein concentration. RESULTS Aqueous humour protein concentration was significantly higher in retinoblastoma patients than controls (P < 0.01); patients with secondary glaucoma presented the highest values (P < 0.05 vs. controls); patients treated with melphalan presented a significant decrease (P < 0.01) versus non-treated; controls did not significantly differ from treated patients. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern in retinoblastoma patients who did not receive any treatment was very different either from treated or from controls. CONCLUSION This study represents a preliminary step towards a more accurate two dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) pattern, which will be combined with mass spectrometry analysis to clarify the potential role of specific proteins in tumour development and progression; although these results suggest that aqueous humour protein pattern in retinoblastoma is characteristic, several aspects of the study are still under investigation.
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Mandal N, Lewis GP, Fisher SK, Heegaard S, Prause JU, la Cour M, Vorum H, Honoré B. Protein changes in the retina following experimental retinal detachment in rabbits. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2634-48. [PMID: 22065916 PMCID: PMC3209431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal detachment leads to the widespread cellular remodeling of the retina. The purpose of this study was to identify protein changes that accompany these cellular alterations by comparing the proteomic profiles of sham and experimentally detached rabbit retina. Elucidation of the proteins most dramatically affected by retinal detachment would add further understanding to the pathophysiology of this condition, and potentially identify therapeutic targets useful in preventing the deleterious effects of detachment, including photoreceptor cell death and the activation of non-neuronal microglial and Müller cells. METHODS Retinal detachments were induced in the right eyes of six New Zealand Red pigmented rabbits. Sham surgery was performed in the right eyes of six other rabbits that were used as controls. At seven days, the eyes were enucleated and the retinal tissue was harvested. The individual retinal samples were subjected to high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed protein spots were processed for identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Further investigation was undertaken with western blotting, and immunocytochemical studies on a further set of four sham and four detached retinas. RESULTS Eighteen protein spots were found to be at least twofold differentially expressed between the sham and detached retinas. These protein spots were identified as: vimentin; tubulin β-2C; fragments of α-enolase; fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; ATP synthase subunit β; mitochondrial creatine kinase; N-terminal fragments of albumin; prohibitin; and transducin-β(1). CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed proteins determined in this study may play an important role in the cellular responses of the retina after its detachment, subsequent ability to recover following surgical reattachment, as well as in serious complications such as subretinal fibrosis and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakul Mandal
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark,Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Geoffrey P. Lewis
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Steven K. Fisher
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan U. Prause
- Eye Pathology Section, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten la Cour
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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