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Luis I, Afschrift M, De Groote F, Gutierrez-Farewik EM. Insights into muscle metabolic energetics: Modelling muscle-tendon mechanics and metabolic rates during walking across speeds. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012411. [PMID: 39269982 PMCID: PMC11424009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic energy rate of individual muscles is impossible to measure without invasive procedures. Prior studies have produced models to predict metabolic rates based on experimental observations of isolated muscle contraction from various species. Such models can provide reliable predictions of metabolic rates in humans if muscle properties and control are accurately modeled. This study aimed to examine how muscle-tendon model individualization and metabolic energy models influenced estimation of muscle-tendon states and time-series metabolic rates, to evaluate the agreement with empirical data, and to provide predictions of the metabolic rate of muscle groups and gait phases across walking speeds. Three-dimensional musculoskeletal simulations with prescribed kinematics and dynamics were performed. An optimal control formulation was used to compute muscle-tendon states with four levels of individualization, ranging from a scaled generic model and muscle controls based on minimal activations, inclusion of calibrated muscle passive forces, personalization of Achilles and quadriceps tendon stiffnesses, to finally informing muscle controls with electromyography. We computed metabolic rates based on existing models. Simulations with calibrated passive forces and personalized tendon stiffness most accurately estimate muscle excitations and fiber lengths. Interestingly, the inclusion of electromyography did not improve our estimates. The whole-body average metabolic cost was better estimated with a subset of metabolic energy models. We estimated metabolic rate peaks near early stance, pre-swing, and initial swing at all walking speeds. Plantarflexors accounted for the highest cost among muscle groups at the preferred speed and were similar to the cost of hip adductors and abductors combined. Also, the swing phase accounted for slightly more than one-quarter of the total cost in a gait cycle, and its relative cost decreased with walking speed. Our prediction might inform the design of assistive devices and rehabilitation treatment. The code and experimental data are available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Luis
- KTH MoveAbility, Dept. Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten Afschrift
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik
- KTH MoveAbility, Dept. Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Song C, Yu Z, Feng W, Sun K, Wen C, Zhang S, Yu S, Li X. A Flexible Temperature Sensor Integrated at Needle Tip for In Situ Acupoint Temperature Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:924. [PMID: 39064434 PMCID: PMC11278890 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Temperature can reflect vital activities, and researchers have attempted to guide Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment by observing acupoint temperature changes. Integrating a temperature sensor at the needle tip enables in situ acupoint temperature measurement. However, the sensor needles for acupoint temperature monitoring designed in previous studies were fabricated by manually soldering thermistor beads and metal wires, making mass production difficult. In this work, using MEMS manufacturing technology, a flexible temperature sensor that can be integrated at the needle tip is proposed and can be mass-produced on silicon wafers. The sensor uses a Pt thermistor as the temperature-sensing element and has a slender flexible structure with dimensions of 125 μm width by 3.2 cm length. As the sensor is inserted into a hollow needle, the Pt thermistor is glued to the needle tip. In the temperature range of 30 °C to 50 °C, the fabricated temperature sensor has a sensitivity of 5.00 Ω∙°C-1, a nonlinearity of ±0.39%FS, and a repeatability error of ±2.62%FS. Additionally, the sensor has been applied to in vivo acupoint temperature monitoring experiments in rats and demonstrated good performance, suggesting its promise for future research on acupoint temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (C.S.); (W.F.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Z.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Weiwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (C.S.); (W.F.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (C.S.); (W.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Chuanbiao Wen
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Z.Y.); (C.W.)
| | - Shengyan Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.Z.)
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (S.Z.)
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; (C.S.); (W.F.); (K.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Deng Z, Zhang Y, Yan S. Mechanism of elastic energy storage of honey bee abdominal muscles under stress relaxation. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:7176136. [PMID: 37220090 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage of passive muscles plays an important part in frequent activities of honey bee abdomens due to the muscle distribution and open circulatory system. However, the elastic energy and mechanical properties of structure in passive muscles remain unclear. In this article, stress relaxation tests on passive muscles from the terga of the honey bee abdomens were performed under different concentrations of blebbistatin and motion parameters. In stress relaxation, the load drop with the rapid and slow stages depending on stretching velocity and stretching length reflects the features of myosin-titin series structure and cross-bridge-actin cyclic connections in muscles. Then a model with 2 parallel modules based on the 2 feature structures in muscles was thus developed. The model described the stress relaxation and stretching of passive muscles from honey bee abdomen well for a good fitting in stress relaxation and verification in loading process. In addition, the stiffness change of cross-bridge under different concentrations of blebbistatin is obtained from the model. We derived the elastic deformation of cross-bridge and the partial derivatives of energy expressions on motion parameters from this model, which accorded the experimental results. This model reveals the mechanism of passive muscles from honey bee abdomens suggesting that the temporary energy storage of cross-bridge in terga muscles under abdomen bending provides potential energy for springback during the periodic abdomen bending of honey bee or other arthropod insects. The finding also provides an experimental and theoretical basis for the novel microstructure and material design of bionic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Deng
- Division of Intelligent and Biomechanical Systems, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Division of Intelligent and Biomechanical Systems, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shaoze Yan
- Division of Intelligent and Biomechanical Systems, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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4
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Fernández-Peña C, Reimúndez A, Viana F, Arce VM, Señarís R. Sex differences in thermoregulation in mammals: Implications for energy homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1093376. [PMID: 36967809 PMCID: PMC10030879 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1093376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal homeostasis is a fundamental process in mammals, which allows the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature to ensure an efficient function of cells despite changes in ambient temperature. Increasing evidence has revealed the great impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis. Homeothermy requires a fine regulation of food intake, heat production, conservation and dissipation and energy expenditure. A great interest on this field of research has re-emerged following the discovery of thermogenic brown adipose tissue and browning of white fat in adult humans, with a potential clinical relevance on obesity and metabolic comorbidities. However, most of our knowledge comes from male animal models or men, which introduces unwanted biases on the findings. In this review, we discuss how differences in sex-dependent characteristics (anthropometry, body composition, hormonal regulation, and other sexual factors) influence numerous aspects of thermal regulation, which impact on energy homeostasis. Individuals of both sexes should be used in the experimental paradigms, considering the ovarian cycles and sexual hormonal regulation as influential factors in these studies. Only by collecting data in both sexes on molecular, functional, and clinical aspects, we will be able to establish in a rigorous way the real impact of thermoregulation on energy homeostasis, opening new avenues in the understanding and treatment of obesity and metabolic associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Reimúndez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Félix Viana
- Institute of Neuroscience, University Miguel Hernández (UMH)-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victor M. Arce
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa Señarís, ; Victor M. Arce,
| | - Rosa Señarís
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa Señarís, ; Victor M. Arce,
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5
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Xu H, Bai S, Gu G, Gao Y, Sun X, Guo X, Xuan F, Wang Y. Bioinspired Self-Resettable Hydrogel Actuators Powered by a Chemical Fuel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43825-43832. [PMID: 36103624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The movements of soft living tissues, such as muscle, have sparked a strong interest in the design of hydrogel actuators; however, so far, typical manmade examples still lag behind their biological counterparts, which usually function under nonequilibrium conditions through the consumption of high-energy biomolecules and show highly autonomous behaviors. Here, we report on self-resettable hydrogel actuators that are powered by a chemical fuel and can spontaneously return to their original states over time once the fuels are depleted. Self-resettable actuation originates from a chemical fuel-mediated transient change in the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel networks. The actuation extent and duration can be programmed by the fuel levels, and the self-resettable actuation process is highly recyclable through refueling. Furthermore, various proof-of-concept autonomous soft robots are created, resembling the movements of soft-bodied creatures in nature. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of lifelike soft robots with autonomous behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Guizhou Aerospace Institute of Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang 550009, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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6
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Beignon F, Gueguen N, Tricoire-Leignel H, Mattei C, Lenaers G. The multiple facets of mitochondrial regulations controlling cellular thermogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:525. [PMID: 36125552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding temperature production and regulation in endotherm organisms becomes a crucial challenge facing the increased frequency and intensity of heat strokes related to global warming. Mitochondria, located at the crossroad of metabolism, respiration, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis, were recently proposed to further act as cellular radiators, with an estimated inner temperature reaching 50 °C in common cell lines. This inner thermogenesis might be further exacerbated in organs devoted to produce consistent efforts as muscles, or heat as brown adipose tissue, in response to acute solicitations. Consequently, pathways promoting respiratory chain uncoupling and mitochondrial activity, such as Ca2+ fluxes, uncoupling proteins, futile cycling, and substrate supplies, provide the main processes controlling heat production and cell temperature. The mitochondrial thermogenesis might be further amplified by cytoplasmic mechanisms promoting the over-consumption of ATP pools. Considering these new thermic paradigms, we discuss here all conventional wisdoms linking mitochondrial functions to cellular thermogenesis in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beignon
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
| | - Naig Gueguen
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.,Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - César Mattei
- Univ Angers, CarMe, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Univ Angers, MitoLab, Unité MITOVASC, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, SFR ICAT, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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7
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Abstract
The elegant concept of a hyperbolic relationship between power, velocity, or torque and time to exhaustion has rightfully captivated the imagination and inspired extensive research for over half a century. Theoretically, the relationship's asymptote along the time axis (critical power, velocity, or torque) indicates the exercise intensity that could be maintained for extended durations, or the "heavy-severe exercise boundary". Much more than a critical mass of the extensive accumulated evidence, however, has persistently shown the determined intensity of critical power and its variants as being too high to maintain for extended periods. The extensive scientific research devoted to the topic has almost exclusively centered around its relationships with various endurance parameters and performances, as well as the identification of procedural problems and how to mitigate them. The prevalent underlying premise has been that the observed discrepancies are mainly due to experimental 'noise' and procedural inconsistencies. Consequently, little or no effort has been directed at other perspectives such as trying to elucidate physiological reasons that possibly underly and account for those discrepancies. This review, therefore, will attempt to offer a new such perspective and point out the discrepancies' likely root causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Dotan
- Kinesiology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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Ren L, Li B, Wei G, Wang K, Song Z, Wei Y, Ren L, Qingping Liu. Biology and bioinspiration of soft robotics: Actuation, sensing, and system integration. iScience 2021; 24:103075. [PMID: 34568796 PMCID: PMC8449090 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms in nature grow with senses, nervous, and actuation systems coordinated in ingenious ways to sustain metabolism and other essential life activities. The understanding of biological structures and functions guide the construction of soft robotics with unprecedented performances. However, despite the progress in soft robotics, there still remains a big gap between man-made soft robotics and natural lives in terms of autonomy, adaptability, self-repair, durability, energy efficiency, etc. Here, the actuation and sensing strategies in the natural biological world are summarized along with their man-made counterparts applied in soft robotics. The development trends of bioinspired soft robotics toward closed loop and embodiment are proposed. Challenges for obtaining autonomous soft robotics similar to natural organisms are outlined to provide a perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luquan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Guowu Wei
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK
| | - Kunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhengyi Song
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yuyang Wei
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Lei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.,School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Qingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Freitag L, Clijsen R, Deflorin C, Taube W, Taeymans J, Hohenauer E. Intramuscular Temperature Changes in the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle After Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion (10°C for 10 min): A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:660092. [PMID: 34027405 PMCID: PMC8136288 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.660092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is a widely accepted recovery strategy for maintaining physical performance output. However, existing review articles about the effects of CWI commonly pool data from very heterogenous study designs and thus, do rarely differentiate between different muscles, different CWI-protocols (duration, temperature, etc.), different forms of activating the muscles before CWI, and different thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This systematic review therefore aimed to investigate the effects of one particular post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) on intramuscular temperature changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle while accounting for skinfold thickness. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases. Pooled data on intramuscular temperature changes were plotted with respect to intramuscular depth to visualize the influence of skinfold thickness. Spearman's rho (rs) was used to assess a possible linear association between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature changes. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CWI on pre-post intramuscular temperature for each measurement depth. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Maximum intramuscular temperature reduction was 6.40°C with skinfold thickness of 6.50 mm at a depth of 1 cm, 4.50°C with skinfold thickness of 11.00 mm at a depth of 2 cm, and only 1.61°C with skinfold thickness of 10.79 mm at a depth of 3 cm. However, no significant correlations between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature reductions were observed at a depth of 1 cm (r s = 0.0), at 2 cm (r s = -0.8) and at 3 cm (r s = -0.5; all p > 0.05). The CWI protocol resulted in significant temperature reductions in the muscle tissue layers at 1 cm (d = -1.92 [95% CI: -3.01 to -0.83] and 2 cm (d = -1.63 [95% CI: -2.20 to -1.06]) but not at 3 cm (p < 0.05). Skinfold thickness and thus, subcutaneous adipose tissue, seems to influence temperature reductions in the muscle tissue only to a small degree. These findings might be useful for practitioners as they demonstrate different intramuscular temperature reductions after a specific post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) in the quadriceps femoris muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Freitag
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Ron Clijsen
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland.,International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland.,Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlina Deflorin
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jan Taeymans
- Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erich Hohenauer
- Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland.,International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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10
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Barclay CJ, Loiselle DS. Historical Perspective: Heat production and chemical change in muscle. Roger C. Woledge. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 161:3-16. [PMID: 33535062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to provide an historical perspective on a review of "Heat production and chemical change in muscle" written by Roger C. Woledge and published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 50 years ago. We first provide a brief but broad summary of the history of muscle chemistry prior to 1971 and then address the central theme of the 1971 review - that of energy balance. Energy balance is a method to establish whether all the energetically significant biochemical reactions accompanying muscle contraction have been identified. Woledge adopted the method to compare the measured enthalpy output (i.e., the sum of the heat output and work output) to that expected from the extent of known biochemical reactions. Prior work had suggested that the observed and expected enthalpy outputs were similar but Woledge proposed that the expected heat had been overestimated and that, hence, there must be an unidentified reaction that accounted for as much as half the heat produced by a contracting muscle. We describe investigations carried out after the review that vindicated that view, ultimately characterising the processes producing the unexplained enthalpy which, in turn, led to identification of the hitherto unknown reaction. Those experiments and a more recent resurrection of the approach using fluorescent probes to monitor ATP turnover have now accounted for the processes that underlie the complex time courses of muscle heat production and ATP turnover during contraction, at least in the classical frog sartorius muscle preparation. However, the few studies performed on mammalian muscles since then have produced results that are difficult to reconcile with the ideas derived from energy balance studies of amphibian and fish muscles, thereby suggesting a new objective for energy balance studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Barclay
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D S Loiselle
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Rahar B, Chawla S, Pandey S, Bhatt AN, Saxena S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate pretreatment amends hypoxia-induced metabolic dysfunction and impairment of myogenic potential in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts by stimulating viability, calcium homeostasis and energy generation. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:137-151. [PMID: 28070865 PMCID: PMC10717551 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has a role in transpiration in patho-physiological signaling in skeletal muscles. The present study evaluated the pre-conditioning efficacy of S1P in facilitating differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts under a normoxic/hypoxic cell culture environment. Under normoxia, exogenous S1P significantly promoted C2C12 differentiation as evident from morphometric descriptors and differentiation markers of the mature myotubes, but it could facilitate only partial recovery from hypoxia-induced compromised differentiation. Pretreatment of S1P optimized the myokine secretion, intracellular calcium release and energy generation by boosting the aerobic/anaerobic metabolism and mitochondrial mass. In the hypoxia-exposed cells, there was derangement of the S1PR1-3 expression patterns, while the same could be largely restored with S1P pretreatment. This is being proposed as a plausible underlying mechanism for the observed pro-myogenic efficacy of exogenous S1P preconditioning. The present findings are an invaluable addition to the existing knowledge on the pro-myogenic potential of S1P and may prove beneficial in the field of hypoxia-related myo-pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Rahar
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sonam Chawla
- Experimental Biology Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sanjay Pandey
- Division of Metabolic and Cell Signaling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Division of Metabolic and Cell Signaling Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Shweta Saxena
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Division, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Leh-Ladakh, 194101, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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