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Endo HM, Bandeca SCS, Olchanheski LR, Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Pileggi M. Probiotics and the reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection through regulation of host cell calcium dynamics. Life Sci 2024; 350:122784. [PMID: 38848939 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Calcium is a secondary messenger that interacts with several cellular proteins, regulates various physiological processes, and plays a role in diseases such as viral infections. Next-generation probiotics and live biotherapeutic products are linked to the regulation of intracellular calcium levels. Some viruses can manipulate calcium channels, pumps, and membrane receptors to alter calcium influx and promote virion production and release. In this study, we examined the use of bacteria for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, such as coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vaccination programs have helped reduce disease severity; however, there is still a lack of well-recognized drug regimens for the clinical management of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with the host cell calcium (Ca2+), manipulates proteins, and disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis. This article explores how viruses exploit, create, or exacerbate calcium imbalances, and the potential role of probiotics in mitigating viral infections by modulating calcium signaling. Pharmacological strategies have been developed to prevent viral replication and block the calcium channels that serve as viral receptors. Alternatively, probiotics may interact with cellular calcium influx, such as Lactobacillus spp. The interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and cellular calcium homeostasis is evident. A scientific basis for using probiotics to manipulate calcium channel activity needs to be established for the treatment and prevention of viral diseases while maintaining calcium homeostasis. In this review article, we discuss how intracellular calcium signaling can affect viral replication and explore the potential therapeutic benefits of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Massami Endo
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Comparative Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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2
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Nguyen K, Strauss T, Refaeli B, Hiller R, Vinogradova O, Khananshvili D. 19F-NMR Probing of Ion-Induced Conformational Changes in Detergent-Solubilized and Nanodisc-Reconstituted NCX_Mj. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6909. [PMID: 39000018 PMCID: PMC11241019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Consecutive interactions of 3Na+ or 1Ca2+ with the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) result in an alternative exposure (access) of the cytosolic and extracellular vestibules to opposite sides of the membrane, where ion-induced transitions between the outward-facing (OF) and inward-facing (IF) conformational states drive a transport cycle. Here, we investigate sub-state populations of apo and ion-bound species in the OF and IF states by analyzing detergent-solubilized and nanodisc-reconstituted preparations of NCX_Mj with 19F-NMR. The 19F probe was covalently attached to the cysteine residues at entry locations of the cytosolic and extracellular vestibules. Multiple sub-states of apo and ion-bound species were observed in nanodisc-reconstituted (but not in detergent-solubilized) NCX_Mj, meaning that the lipid-membrane environment preconditions multiple sub-state populations toward the OF/IF swapping. Most importantly, ion-induced sub-state redistributions occur within each major (OF or IF) state, where sub-state interconversions may precondition the OF/IF swapping. In contrast with large changes in population redistributions, the sum of sub-state populations within each inherent state (OF or IF) remains nearly unchanged upon ion addition. The present findings allow the further elucidation of structure-dynamic modules underlying ion-induced conformational changes that determine a functional asymmetry of ion access/translocation at opposite sides of the membrane and ion transport rates concurring physiological demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Tali Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Bosmat Refaeli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Naryzhnaya NV, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Sirotina M, Maslov LN, Kurbatov BK, Gorbunov AS, Kilin M, Kan A, Krylatov AV, Podoksenov YK, Logvinov SV. δ-Opioid Receptor as a Molecular Target for Increasing Cardiac Resistance to Reperfusion in Drug Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1887. [PMID: 37509526 PMCID: PMC10377504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis of published data and the results of our own studies reveal that the activation of a peripheral δ2-opioid receptor (δ2-OR) increases the cardiac tolerance to reperfusion. It has been found that this δ2-OR is localized in cardiomyocytes. Endogenous opioids are not involved in the regulation of cardiac resistance to reperfusion. The infarct-limiting effect of the δ2-OR agonist deltorphin II depends on the activation of several protein kinases, including PKCδ, ERK1/2, PI3K, and PKG. Hypothetical end-effectors of the cardioprotective effect of deltorphin II are the sarcolemmal KATP channels and the MPT pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Alexander V Mukhomedzyanov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Maria Sirotina
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Boris K Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Alexander S Gorbunov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kilin
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Artur Kan
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Andrey V Krylatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Yuri K Podoksenov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk 634021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Logvinov
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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4
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Li L, Zhang L, Liao T, Zhang C, Chen K, Huang Q. Advances on pharmacology and toxicology of aconitine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:601-611. [PMID: 35060168 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum alkaloids are considered to be the characteristic bioactive ingredients of Aconitum species, which are widely applied to the treatment of diverse diseases, and aconitine (AC) is found in most Aconitum plants. Research evidence shows that low-dose AC has a good therapeutic potential in heart failure, myocardial infarction, neuroinflammatory diseases, rheumatic diseases, and tumors, which has become one of the hotspots in global research in recent years. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC have also attracted extensive attention. Excessive use of AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, even can be potentially lethal. Therefore, AC cannot simply be regarded as a good medicine or a toxicant, but its underlying curative and toxic properties remained chaos. In order to dig the unique pharmacological value of AC while preventing its toxicity, the pharmacological activities and toxic effects of AC were summarized in this paper, providing new insight into the safe and effective use of AC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Keling Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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5
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Rodrigues T, Piccirillo S, Magi S, Preziuso A, Dos Santos Ramos V, Serfilippi T, Orciani M, Maciel Palacio Alvarez M, Luis Dos Santos Tersariol I, Amoroso S, Lariccia V. Control of Ca 2+ and metabolic homeostasis by the Na +/Ca 2+ exchangers (NCXs) in health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115163. [PMID: 35803319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal control of calcium (Ca2+) levels is essential for the background rhythms and responses of living cells to environmental stimuli. Whatever other regulators a given cellular activity may have, localized and wider scale Ca2+ events (sparks, transients, and waves) are hierarchical determinants of fundamental processes such as cell contraction, excitability, growth, metabolism and survival. Different cell types express specific channels, pumps and exchangers to efficiently generate and adapt Ca2+ patterns to cell requirements. The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) in particular contribute to Ca2+ homeostasis by buffering intracellular Ca2+ loads according to the electrochemical gradients of substrate ions - i.e., Ca2+ and sodium (Na+) - and under a dynamic control of redundant regulatory processes. An interesting feature of NCX emerges from the strict relationship that connects transporter activity with cell metabolism: on the one hand NCX operates under constant control of ATP-dependent regulatory processes, on the other hand the ion fluxes generated through NCX provide mechanistic support for the Na+-driven uptake of glutamate and Ca2+ influx to fuel mitochondrial respiration. Proof of concept evidence highlights therapeutic potential of preserving a timed and balanced NCX activity in a growing rate of diseases (including excitability, neurodegenerative, and proliferative disorders) because of an improved ability of stressed cells to safely maintain ion gradients and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Here, we will summarize and review recent works that have focused on the pathophysiological roles of NCXs in balancing the two-way relationship between Ca2+ signals and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vyctória Dos Santos Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marcela Maciel Palacio Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp) São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
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Morciano G, Rimessi A, Patergnani S, Vitto VAM, Danese A, Kahsay A, Palumbo L, Bonora M, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Calcium dysregulation in heart diseases: Targeting calcium channels to achieve a correct calcium homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106119. [PMID: 35131483 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling is a universal language source shared by the most part of biological entities inside cells that, all together, give rise to physiological and functional anatomical units, the organ. Although preferentially recognized as signaling between cell life and death processes, in the heart it assumes additional relevance considered the importance of calcium cycling coupled to ATP consumption in excitation-contraction coupling. The concerted action of a plethora of exchangers, channels and pumps inward and outward calcium fluxes where needed, to convert energy and electric impulses in muscle contraction. All this without realizing it, thousands of times, every day. An improper function of those proteins (i.e., variation in expression, mutations onset, dysregulated channeling, differential protein-protein interactions) being part of this signaling network triggers a short circuit with severe acute and chronic pathological consequences reported as arrhythmias, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, reperfusion injury and cardiomyopathies. By acting with chemical, peptide-based and pharmacological modulators of these players, a correction of calcium homeostasis can be achieved accompanied by an amelioration of clinical symptoms. This review will focus on all those defects in calcium homeostasis which occur in the most common cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiomyopathies. This part will be introduced by the state of the art on the proteins involved in calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes and followed by the therapeutic treatments that to date, are able to target them and to revert the pathological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica A M Vitto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Asrat Kahsay
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism. Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, RA, Italy.
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7
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Wrzosek A, Gałecka S, Żochowska M, Olszewska A, Kulawiak B. Alternative Targets for Modulators of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Molecules 2022; 27:299. [PMID: 35011530 PMCID: PMC8746388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels control potassium influx into the mitochondrial matrix and thus regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, volume, respiration, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial potassium channels during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury activates cytoprotective mechanisms resulting in increased cell survival. In cancer cells, the inhibition of these channels leads to increased cell death. Therefore, mitochondrial potassium channels are intriguing targets for the development of new pharmacological strategies. In most cases, however, the substances that modulate the mitochondrial potassium channels have a few alternative targets in the cell. This may result in unexpected or unwanted effects induced by these compounds. In our review, we briefly present the various classes of mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels and describe the chemical compounds that modulate their activity. We also describe examples of the multidirectional activity of the activators and inhibitors of mitochondrial potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
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8
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Lyon A, van Opbergen CJM, Delmar M, Heijman J, van Veen TAB. In silico Identification of Disrupted Myocardial Calcium Homeostasis as Proarrhythmic Trigger in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732573. [PMID: 34630150 PMCID: PMC8497808 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy may suffer from lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is predominantly triggered by mutations in plakophilin-2, a key component of cell-to-cell adhesion and calcium cycling regulation in cardiomyocytes. Calcium dysregulation due to plakophilin-2 mutations may lead to arrhythmias but the underlying pro-arrhythmic mechanisms remain unclear. Aim: To unravel the mechanisms by which calcium-handling abnormalities in plakophilin-2 loss-of-function may contribute to proarrhythmic events in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Methods: We adapted a computer model of mouse ventricular electrophysiology using recent experimental calcium-handling data from plakophilin-2 conditional knock-out (PKP2-cKO) mice. We simulated individual effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation, modifications in connexin43-mediated calcium entry, sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) activity and ryanodine-receptor 2 (RyR2) calcium affinity on cellular electrophysiology and occurrence of arrhythmogenic events (delayed-afterdepolarizations). A population-of-models approach was used to investigate the generalizability of our findings. Finally, we assessed the potential translation of proposed mechanisms to humans, using a human ventricular cardiomyocyte computational model. Results: The model robustly reproduced the experimental calcium-handling changes in PKP2-cKO cardiomyocytes: an increased calcium transient amplitude (562 vs. 383 nM), increased diastolic calcium (120 vs. 91 nM), reduced L-type calcium current (15.0 vs. 21.4 pA/pF) and an increased free SR calcium (0.69 vs. 0.50 mM). Under beta-adrenergic stimulation, PKP2-cKO models from the population of models (n = 61) showed a higher susceptibility to delayed-afterdepolarizations compared to control (41 vs. 3.3%). Increased connexin43-mediated calcium entry further elevated the number of delayed-afterdepolarizations (78.7%, 2.5-fold increase in background calcium influx). Elevated diastolic cleft calcium appeared responsible for the increased RyR2-mediated calcium leak, promoting delayed-afterdepolarizations occurrence. A reduction in RyR2 calcium affinity prevented delayed-afterdepolarizations in PKP2-cKO models (24.6 vs. 41%). An additional increase in INCX strongly reduced delayed-afterdepolarizations occurrence, by lowering diastolic cleft calcium levels. The human model showed similar outcomes, suggesting a potential translational value of these findings. Conclusion: Beta-adrenergic stimulation and connexin43-mediated calcium entry upon loss of plakophilin-2 function contribute to generation of delayed-afterdepolarizations. RyR2 and NCX dysregulation play a key role in modulating these proarrhythmic events. This work provides insights into potential future antiarrhythmic strategies in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to plakophilin-2 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Lyon
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chantal J M van Opbergen
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Toon A B van Veen
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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9
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Huang M, Liao Z, Li X, Yang Z, Fan X, Li Y, Zhao Z, Lang S, Cyganek L, Zhou X, Akin I, Borggrefe M, El-Battrawy I. Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs on hERG Gating in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes From a Patient With Short QT Syndrome Type 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675003. [PMID: 34025432 PMCID: PMC8138577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The short QT syndrome type 1 (SQT1) is linked to hERG channel mutations (e.g., N588K). Drug effects on hERG channel gating kinetics in SQT1-cells have not been investigated. Methods: This study used hiPSC-CMs of a healthy donor and a SQT1-patient carrying the N588K mutation and patch clamp to examine the drug effects on hERG channel gating kinetics. Results: Ajmaline, amiodarone, ivabradine, flecainide, quinidine, mexiletine and ranolazine inhibited the hERG channel current (IKr) less strongly in hiPSC-CMs from the SQTS1-patient (SQT1-hiPSC-CMs) comparing with cells from the healthy donor (donor-hiPSC-CMs). Quinidine and mexiletine reduced, but ajmaline, amiodarone, ivabradine and ranolazine increased the time to peak of IKr similarly in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs and donor-hiPSC-CMs. Although regarding the shift of activation and inactivation curves, tested drugs showed differential effects in donor- and SQT1-hiPSC-CMs, quinidine, ajmaline, ivabradine and mexiletine but not amiodarone, flecainide and ranolazine reduced the window current in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs. Quinidine, ajmaline, ivabradine and mexiletine differentially changed the time constant of recovery from inactivation, but all of them increased the time constant of deactivation in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs. Conclusion: The window current-reducing and deactivation-slowing effects may be important for the antiarrhythmic effect of ajmaline, ivabradine, quinidine and mexiletine in SQT1-cells. This information may be helpful for selecting drugs for treating SQT1-patients with hERG channel mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Huang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenxing Liao
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xin Li
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuehui Fan
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany.,Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Zhou W, Liu H, Qiu LZ, Yue LX, Zhang GJ, Deng HF, Ni YH, Gao Y. Cardiac efficacy and toxicity of aconitine: A new frontier for the ancient poison. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1798-1811. [PMID: 33512023 DOI: 10.1002/med.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is well-known as the main toxic ingredient and active compound of Aconitum species, of which several aconites are essential herbal medicines of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and widely applied to treat diverse diseases for their excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC attracted a lot of attention and made it a favorite botanic poison in history. Nowadays, the narrow therapeutic window of AC limits the clinical application of AC-containing herbal medicines; overdosing on AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, both of which are potentially lethal. But the underlying cardiotoxic mechanisms remained chaos. Recently, beyond its cardiotoxic effects, emerging evidence shows that low doses of AC or its metabolites could generate cardioprotective effects and are necessary to aconite's clinical efficacy. Consistent with TCM's theory that even toxic substances are powerful medicines, AC thus could not be simply identified as a toxicant or a drug. To prevent cardiotoxicity while digging the unique value of AC in cardiac pharmacology, there exists a huge urge to better know the characteristic of AC being a cardiotoxic agent or a potential heart drug. Here, this article reviews the advances of AC metabolism and focuses on the latest mechanistic findings of cardiac efficacy and toxicity of this aconite alkaloid or its metabolites. We also discuss how to prevent AC-related cardiotoxicity, as well as the issues before the development of AC-based medicines that should be solved, to provide new insight into the paradoxical nature of this ancient poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan-Xin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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Zhang H, Wei Z, Zhang AH, Yu S. Access to Cyanoimines Enabled by Dual Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Cyanation of O-Acyl Oximes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7315-7320. [PMID: 32866393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important and synthetically useful cyanoimines, as well as cyanamides, has been described. This strategy is enabled by dual photoredox/copper-catalyzed cyanation of O-acyl oximes or O-acyl hydroxamides. This state of the art protocol for cyanoimines and cyanamides features readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. The resultant cyanoimines can be transformed into structurally diverse and functionally important N-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziyan Wei
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Ai Hua Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Spencer SA, Suárez-Pozos E, Escalante M, Myo YP, Fuss B. Sodium-Calcium Exchangers of the SLC8 Family in Oligodendrocytes: Functional Properties in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1287-1297. [PMID: 31927687 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 8 (SLC8) family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCXs) functions as an essential regulatory system that couples opposite fluxes of sodium and calcium ions across plasmalemmal membranes. NCXs, thereby, play key roles in maintaining an ion homeostasis that preserves cellular integrity. Hence, alterations in NCX expression and regulation have been found to lead to ionic imbalances that are often associated with intracellular calcium overload and cell death. On the other hand, intracellular calcium has been identified as a key driver for a multitude of downstream signaling events that are crucial for proper functioning of biological systems, thus highlighting the need for a tightly controlled balance. In the CNS, NCXs have been primarily characterized in the context of synaptic transmission and ischemic brain damage. However, a much broader picture is emerging. NCXs are expressed by virtually all cells of the CNS including oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the cells that generate the myelin sheath. With a growing appreciation of dynamic calcium signals in OLGs, NCXs are becoming increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in shaping OLG function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In order to provide a current update, this review focuses on the importance of NCXs in cells of the OLG lineage. More specifically, it provides a brief introduction into plasmalemmal NCXs and their modes of activity, and it discusses the roles of OLG expressed NCXs in regulating CNS myelination and in contributing to CNS pathologies associated with detrimental effects on OLG lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yu Par Myo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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