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Dekant R, Bertermann R, Serban J, Sharma S, Shinohara M, Morizawa Y, Okamoto H, Brock W, Dekant W, Mally A. Species-differences in the in vitro biotransformation of trifluoroethene (HFO-1123). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3095-3111. [PMID: 37792044 PMCID: PMC10567879 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
1,1,2-Trifluoroethene (HFO-1123) is anticipated for use as a refrigerant with low global warming potential. Inhalation studies on HFO-1123 in rats indicated a low potential for toxicity (NOAELs ≥ 20,000 ppm). In contrast, single inhalation exposure of Goettingen® minipigs (≥ 500 ppm) and New Zealand white rabbits (≥ 1250 ppm) resulted in severe toxicity. It has been suggested that these pronounced species-differences in toxicity may be attributable to species-differences in biotransformation of HFO-1123 via the mercapturic acid pathway. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate species-differences in glutathione (GSH) dependent in vitro metabolism of HFO-1123 in susceptible versus less susceptible species and humans as a basis for human risk assessment. Biotransformation of HFO-1123 to S-(1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-glutathione (1123-GSH) and subsequent cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase-mediated cleavage of the corresponding cysteine conjugate (1123-CYS) was monitored in hepatic and renal subcellular fractions of mice, rats, minipigs, rabbits, and humans. While 1123-GSH formation occurred at higher rates in rat and rabbit liver S9 compared to minipig and human S9, increased β-lyase cleavage of 1123-CYS was observed in minipig kidney cytosol as compared to cytosolic fractions of other species. Increased β-lyase activity in minipig cytosol was accompanied by time-dependent formation of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA), a highly toxic compound that interferes with cellular energy production via inhibition of aconitase. Consistent with the significantly lower β-lyase activity in human cytosols, the intensity of the MFA signal in human cytosols was only a fraction of the signal obtained in minipig subcellular fractions. Even though the inconsistencies between GSH and β-lyase-dependent metabolism do not allow to draw a firm conclusion on the overall contribution of the mercapturic acid pathway to HFO-1123 biotransformation and toxicity in vivo, the β-lyase data suggest that humans may be less susceptible to HFO-1123 toxicity compared to minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Bertermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Serban
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Shinohara
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - Y Morizawa
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - W Brock
- Brook Scientific Consulting LLC, Hilton Head Island, SC, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Mitin DE, Chubarov AS. Fluorinated Human Serum Albumin as Potential (19)F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probe. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36838682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated human serum albumin conjugates were prepared and tested as potential metal-free probes for 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each protein molecule was modified by several fluorine-containing compounds via the N-substituted natural acylating reagent homocysteine thiolactone. Albumin conjugates retain the protein's physical and biological properties, such as its 3D dimensional structure, aggregation ability, good solubility, proteolysis efficiency, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity. A dual-labeled with cyanine 7 fluorescence dye and fluorine reporter group albumin were synthesized for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and 19F MRI. The preliminary in vitro studies show the prospects of albumin carriers for multimodal imaging.
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3
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Mashiach R, Avram L, Bar-Shir A. Diffusion 19F-NMR of Nanofluorides: In Situ Quantification of Colloidal Diameters and Protein Corona Formation in Solution. Nano Lett 2022; 22:8519-8525. [PMID: 36255401 PMCID: PMC9650773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The NMR-detectability of elements of organic ligands that stabilize colloidal inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) allow the study of their diffusion characteristics in solutions. Nevertheless, these measurements are sensitive to dynamic ligand exchange and often lead to overestimation of diffusion coefficients of dispersed colloids. Here, we present an approach for the quantitative assessment of the diffusion properties of colloidal NCs based on the NMR signals of the elements of their inorganic cores. Benefiting from the robust 19F-NMR signals of the fluorides in the core of colloidal CaF2 and SrF2, we show the immunity of 19F-diffusion NMR to dynamic ligand exchange and, thus, the ability to quantify, with high accuracy, the colloidal diameters of different types of nanofluorides in situ. With the demonstrated ability to characterize the formation of protein corona at the surface of nanofluorides, we envision that this study can be extended to additional formulations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Mashiach
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Department
of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science and Department of
Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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4
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Bhat A, Pomerantz WCK, Arnold WA. Finding Fluorine: Photoproduct Formation during the Photolysis of Fluorinated Pesticides. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:12336-12346. [PMID: 35972505 PMCID: PMC9454825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of pesticides with different fluorine motifs was evaluated to quantify the formation of fluorinated products in buffered aqueous systems, advanced oxidation (AOP) and reduction processes (ARP), and river water. Simulated sunlight quantum yields at pH 7 were 0.0033, 0.0025, 0.0015, and 0.00012 for penoxsulam, florasulam, sulfoxaflor, and fluroxypyr, respectively. The bimolecular rate constants with hydroxyl radicals were 2 to 5.7 × 1010 M-1 s-1 and, with sulfate radicals, 1.6 to 2.6 × 108 M-1 s-1 for penoxsulam, florasulam, and fluroxypyr, respectively. The rate constants of sulfoxaflor were 100-fold lower. Using quantitative 19F-NMR, complete fluorine mass balances were obtained. The maximum fluoride formation was 53.4 and 87.4% for penoxsulam and florasulam under ARP conditions, and 6.1 and 100% for sulfoxaflor and fluroxypyr under AOP conditions. Heteroaromatic CF3 and aliphatic CF2 groups were retained in multiple fluorinated photoproducts. Aryl F and heteroaromatic F groups were readily defluorinated to fluoride. CF3 and CF2 groups formed trifluoroacetate and difluoroacetate, and yields increased under oxidizing conditions. 19F-NMR chemical shifts and coupling analysis provided information on hydrogen loss on adjacent bonds or changes in chirality. Mass spectrometry results were consistent with the observed 19F-NMR products. These results will assist in selecting treatment processes for specific fluorine motifs and in the design of agrochemicals to reduce byproduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash
P. Bhat
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-, Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C. K. Pomerantz
- Department
of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant St. SE, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - William A. Arnold
- Department
of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-, Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Stadler KA, Becker W, Darnhofer B, Birner-Gruenberger R, Zangger K. Overexpression of recombinant proteins containing non-canonical amino acids in Vibrio natriegens: p-azido-L-phenylalanine as coupling site for 19F-tags. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1041-1053. [PMID: 35419750 PMCID: PMC9217835 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio natriegens is the fastest growing organism identified so far. The minimum doubling time of only 9.4 min, the ability to utilize over 60 different carbon sources and its non-pathogenic properties make it an interesting alternative to E. coli as a new production host for recombinant proteins. We investigated the ability of the engineered V. natriegens strain, Vmax™ Express, to incorporate the non-canonical amino acid (ncAA) p-azido-L-phenylalanine (AzF) into recombinant proteins for NMR applications. AzF was incorporated into enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) and MlaC, an intermembrane transport protein, by stop codon suppression. AzF incorporation into EYFP resulted in an improved suppression efficiency (SE) of up to 35.5 ± 0.8% and a protein titer of 26.7 ± 0.7 mg/L. The expression levels of MlaC-AzF even exceeded those of E. coli BL21 cells. For the recording of 1H-15N and 19F NMR spectra, EYFP-AzF was expressed and isotopically labeled in minimal medium and the newly introduced azido-group was used as coupling site for NMR sensitive 19F-tags. Our findings show that Vmax is a flexible expression host, suitable for the incorporation of ncAAs in recombinant proteins with the potential to surpass protein yields of E. coli. The presented method suggests the implementation of V. natriegens for expression of isotopically labeled proteins containing ncAAs, which can be chemically modified for the application in protein-observed 19F-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Stadler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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6
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Ge H, Wang H, Pan B, Feng D, Guo C, Yang L, Liu D, Wüthrich K. G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR) Reconstitution and Labeling for Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of the Structural Basis of Transmembrane Signaling. Molecules 2022; 27:2658. [PMID: 35566006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large membrane protein family found in higher organisms, including the human body. GPCRs mediate cellular responses to diverse extracellular stimuli and thus control key physiological functions, which makes them important targets for drug design. Signaling by GPCRs is related to the structure and dynamics of these proteins, which are modulated by extrinsic ligands as well as by intracellular binding partners such as G proteins and arrestins. Here, we review some basics of using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution for the characterization of GPCR conformations and intermolecular interactions that relate to transmembrane signaling.
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7
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Abstract
1-Fluoroindan-1-carboxyic acid (FICA) derivatives containing a monosubstituted benzene ring (1b-e) were synthesized as their methyl esters and their potential as chiral derivatizing agents (CDAs) were assessed by both 19F- and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Introduction of a substituent at the 4-position in the benzene ring caused a 1.2-2 fold increase in ΔδF values when compared with that of FICA. This increase was investigated using a correlation model for 19F-NMR and by the order of the stability of the synperiplanar (sp) and antiperiplanar (ap) conformers of the (R,S) and (S,S) diastereomers from the Gibbs' free energy at 298.15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | - Tamiko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
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8
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Wang H, Hu W, Liu D, Wüthrich K. Design and preparation of the class B G protein-coupled receptors GLP-1R and GCGR for 19 F-NMR studies in solution. FEBS J 2020; 288:4053-4063. [PMID: 33369025 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and the glucagon receptor (GCGR) are class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by interactions with, respectively, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG). These polypeptide hormones are involved in the regulation of lipid and cholic acid metabolism, and thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus, which attracts keen interest of these GPCRs as drug targets. GLP-1R and GCGR have therefore been extensively investigated by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), so that their structures are well known. Here, we present the groundwork for using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution to complement the molecular architectures with information on intramolecular dynamics and on the thermodynamics and kinetics of interactions with physiological ligands and extrinsic drug candidates. This includes the generation of novel, near-wild-type constructs of GLP-1R and GCGR, optimization of the solution conditions for NMR studies in detergent micelles and in nanodiscs, post-translational chemical introduction of fluorine-19 NMR probes, and sequence-specific assignments of the 19 F-labels attached to indigenous cysteines. Addition of the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) NNC0640 was critically important for obtaining the long-time stability needed for our NMR experiments, and we report on novel insights into the allosteric effects arising from binding of NNC0640 to the transmembrane domain of GLP-1R (GLP-1R[TMD]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wanhui Hu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, China
| | | | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, China.,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
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9
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Abstract
We present the access to [5-19 F, 5-13 C]-uridine and -cytidine phosphoramidites for the production of site-specifically modified RNAs up to 65 nucleotides (nts). The amidites were used to introduce [5-19 F, 5-13 C]-pyrimidine labels into five RNAs-the 30 nt human immunodeficiency virus trans activation response (HIV TAR) 2 RNA, the 61 nt human hepatitis B virus ϵ (hHBV ϵ) RNA, the 49 nt SAM VI riboswitch aptamer domain from B. angulatum, the 29 nt apical stem loop of the pre-microRNA (miRNA) 21 and the 59 nt full length pre-miRNA 21. The main stimulus to introduce the aromatic 19 F-13 C-spin topology into RNA comes from a work of Boeszoermenyi et al., in which the dipole-dipole interaction and the chemical shift anisotropy relaxation mechanisms cancel each other leading to advantageous TROSY properties shown for aromatic protein sidechains. This aromatic 13 C-19 F labeling scheme is now transferred to RNA. We provide a protocol for the resonance assignment by solid phase synthesis based on diluted [5-19 F, 5-13 C]/[5-19 F] pyrimidine labeling. For the 61 nt hHBV ϵ we find a beneficial 19 F-13 C TROSY enhancement, which should be even more pronounced in larger RNAs and will facilitate the NMR studies of larger RNAs. The [19 F, 13 C]-labeling of the SAM VI aptamer domain and the pre-miRNA 21 further opens the possibility to use the biorthogonal stable isotope reporter nuclei in in vivo NMR to observe ligand binding and microRNA processing in a biological relevant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nußbaumer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Raphael Plangger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Manuel Roeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph Kreutz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
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10
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Martínez JD, Valverde P, Delgado S, Romanò C, Linclau B, Reichardt NC, Oscarson S, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ. Unraveling Sugar Binding Modes to DC-SIGN by Employing Fluorinated Carbohydrates. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122337. [PMID: 31242623 PMCID: PMC6631030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR)-based method is employed to assess the binding preferences and interaction details of a library of synthetic fluorinated monosaccharides towards dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), a lectin of biomedical interest, which is involved in different viral infections, including HIV and Ebola, and is able to recognize a variety of self- and non-self-glycans. The strategy employed allows not only screening of a mixture of compounds, but also obtaining valuable information on the specific sugar–protein interactions. The analysis of the data demonstrates that monosaccharides Fuc, Man, Glc, and Gal are able to bind DC-SIGN, although with decreasing affinity. Moreover, a new binding mode between Man moieties and DC-SIGN, which might have biological implications, is also detected for the first time. The combination of the 19F with standard proton saturation transfer difference (1H-STD-NMR) data, assisted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, permits us to successfully define this new binding epitope, where Man coordinates a Ca2+ ion of the lectin carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) through the axial OH-2 and equatorial OH-3 groups, thus mimicking the Fuc/DC-SIGN binding architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Sandra Delgado
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Cecilia Romanò
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Bruno Linclau
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Niels C Reichardt
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, EHU-UPV, 48160 Leioa, Spain.
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Kamei T, Kimura Y, Koyanagi J, Matsumoto K, Hasegawa T, Akimoto M, Takahashi T. Determination of the Absolute Configuration of the Nabumetone Metabolite 4-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyl)butan-2-ol Using the Chiral Derivatizing Agent, 1-Fluoroindan-1-carboxylic Acid. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:75-78. [PMID: 30606953 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The absolute configuration of (+)-4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)butan-2-ol ((+)-MNBO), a nabumetone metabolite, was determined using 1-fluoroindan-1-carboxylic acid (FICA). Both enantiomers of the FICA methyl esters were derivatized to diastereomeric esters of (+)-MNBO by an ester exchange reaction. The results of 1H- and 19F-NMR spectroscopy of the diastereomeric FICA esters of (+)-MNBO confirmed the absolute configuration of (+)-MNBO was (S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | - Yuta Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | | | - Kaori Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | - Tetsuya Hasegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | - Masayuki Akimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
| | - Tamiko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University
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12
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Elkins MR, Williams JK, Gelenter MD, Dai P, Kwon B, Sergeyev IV, Pentelute BL, Hong M. Cholesterol-binding site of the influenza M2 protein in lipid bilayers from solid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12946-12951. [PMID: 29158386 PMCID: PMC5724280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715127114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza M2 protein not only forms a proton channel but also mediates membrane scission in a cholesterol-dependent manner to cause virus budding and release. The atomic interaction of cholesterol with M2, as with most eukaryotic membrane proteins, has long been elusive. We have now determined the cholesterol-binding site of the M2 protein in phospholipid bilayers using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chain-fluorinated cholesterol was used to measure cholesterol proximity to M2 while sterol-deuterated cholesterol was used to measure bound-cholesterol orientation in lipid bilayers. Carbon-fluorine distance measurements show that at a cholesterol concentration of 17 mol%, two cholesterol molecules bind each M2 tetramer. Cholesterol binds the C-terminal transmembrane (TM) residues, near an amphipathic helix, without requiring a cholesterol recognition sequence motif. Deuterium NMR spectra indicate that bound cholesterol is approximately parallel to the bilayer normal, with the rough face of the sterol rings apposed to methyl-rich TM residues. The distance- and orientation-restrained cholesterol-binding site structure shows that cholesterol is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions with the TM helix and polar and aromatic interactions with neighboring amphipathic helices. At the 1:2 binding stoichiometry, lipid 31P spectra show an isotropic peak indicative of high membrane curvature. This M2-cholesterol complex structure, together with previously observed M2 localization at phase boundaries, suggests that cholesterol mediates M2 clustering to the neck of the budding virus to cause the necessary curvature for membrane scission. The solid-state NMR approach developed here is generally applicable for elucidating the structural basis of cholesterol's effects on membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Jonathan K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Martin D Gelenter
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Byungsu Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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13
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Hattori Y, Heidenreich D, Ono Y, Sugiki T, Yokoyama KI, Suzuki EI, Fujiwara T, Kojima C. Protein 19F-labeling using transglutaminase for the NMR study of intermolecular interactions. J Biomol NMR 2017; 68:271-279. [PMID: 28756478 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-017-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of stable isotope-labeled proteins is important for NMR studies, however, it is often hampered in the case of eukaryotic proteins which are not readily expressed in Escherichia coli. Such proteins are often conveniently investigated following post-expression chemical isotope tagging. Enzymatic 15N-labeling of glutamine side chains using transglutaminase (TGase) has been applied to several proteins for NMR studies. 19F-labeling is useful for interaction studies due to its high NMR sensitivity and susceptibility. Here, 19F-labeling of glutamine side chains using TGase and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride was established for use in an NMR study. This enzymatic 19F-labeling readily provided NMR detection of protein-drug and protein-protein interactions with complexes of about 100 kDa since the surface residues provided a good substrate for TGase. The 19F-labeling method was 3.5-fold more sensitive than 15N-labeling, and could be combined with other chemical modification techniques such as lysine 13C-methylation. 13C-dimethylated-19F-labeled FKBP12 provided more accurate information concerning the FK506 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hattori
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihamaboji, 180, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - David Heidenreich
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuki Ono
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Sugiki
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Yokoyama
- Institute for Innovation Ajinomoto Co., Inc, Suzuki-cho 1-1, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ei-Ichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-5, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Fujiwara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chojiro Kojima
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-5, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
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14
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Abstract
In modern kinase drug discovery, allosteric inhibitors have become a focus of attention due to their potential selectivity, but such compounds are difficult to identify. Here we describe an NMR-based competition assay using 19F-containing reporter molecules, which allows for rapid identification and discrimination between ATP-competitive and allosteric kinase inhibitors. We illustrate the principle of such a dual-site competition assay with the example of catalytic and allosteric ABL1 kinase inhibitors. The assay can also be used to identify and characterize mixed binding modes of well-known drugs, as shown for crizotinib and fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skora
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jahnke
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Hou Y, Hu W, Li X, Skinner JJ, Liu D, Wüthrich K. Solvent-accessibility of discrete residue positions in the polypeptide hormone glucagon by 19F-NMR observation of 4-fluorophenylalanine. J Biomol NMR 2017; 68:1-6. [PMID: 28508109 PMCID: PMC5487752 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-017-0107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid 4-fluoro-L-phenylalanine (4F-Phe) was introduced at the positions of Phe6 and Phe22 in the 29-residue polypeptide hormone glucagon by expressing glucagon in E. coli in the presence of an excess of 4F-Phe. Glucagon regulates blood glucose homeostasis by interaction with the glucagon receptor (GCGR), a class B GPCR. By referencing to the 4F-Phe chemical shifts at varying D2O concentrations, the solvent exposure of the two Phe sites along the glucagon sequence was determined, showing that 4F-Phe6 was fully solvent exposed and 4F-Phe22 was only partially exposed. The incorporation of fluorine atoms in polypeptide hormones paves the way for novel studies of their interactions with membrane-spanning receptors, specifically by differentiating between effects on the solvent accessibility, the line shapes, and the chemical shifts from interactions with lipids, detergents and proteins. Studies of interactions of GCGR with ligands in solution is at this point of keen interest, given that recent crystallographic studies revealed that an apparent small molecule antagonist actually binds as an allosteric effector at a distance of ~20 Å from the orthosteric ligand binding site (Jazayeri et al., in Nature 533:274-277, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Hou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wanhui Hu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - John J Skinner
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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16
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Norton RS, Leung EWW, Chandrashekaran IR, MacRaild CA. Applications of (19)F-NMR in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070860. [PMID: 27438818 PMCID: PMC6273323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(19)F-NMR has proved to be a valuable tool in fragment-based drug discovery. Its applications include screening libraries of fluorinated fragments, assessing competition among elaborated fragments and identifying the binding poses of promising hits. By observing fluorine in both the ligand and the target protein, useful information can be obtained on not only the binding pose but also the dynamics of ligand-protein interactions. These applications of (19)F-NMR will be illustrated in this review with studies from our fragment-based drug discovery campaigns against protein targets in parasitic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Norton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Eleanor W W Leung
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Indu R Chandrashekaran
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Christopher A MacRaild
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
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17
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Sochor F, Silvers R, Müller D, Richter C, Fürtig B, Schwalbe H. (19)F-labeling of the adenine H2-site to study large RNAs by NMR spectroscopy. J Biomol NMR 2016; 64:63-74. [PMID: 26704707 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-015-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to proteins and protein complexes, the size of RNA amenable to NMR studies is limited despite the development of new isotopic labeling strategies including deuteration and ligation of differentially labeled RNAs. Due to the restricted chemical shift dispersion in only four different nucleotides spectral resolution remains limited in larger RNAs. Labeling RNAs with the NMR-active nucleus (19)F has previously been introduced for small RNAs up to 40 nucleotides (nt). In the presented work, we study the natural occurring RNA aptamer domain of the guanine-sensing riboswitch comprising 73 nucleotides from Bacillus subtilis. The work includes protocols for improved in vitro transcription of 2-fluoroadenosine-5'-triphosphat (2F-ATP) using the mutant P266L of the T7 RNA polymerase. Our NMR analysis shows that the secondary and tertiary structure of the riboswitch is fully maintained and that the specific binding of the cognate ligand hypoxanthine is not impaired by the introduction of the (19)F isotope. The thermal stability of the (19)F-labeled riboswitch is not altered compared to the unmodified sequence, but local base pair stabilities, as measured by hydrogen exchange experiments, are modulated. The characteristic change in the chemical shift of the imino resonances detected in a (1)H,(15)N-HSQC allow the identification of Watson-Crick base paired uridine signals and the (19)F resonances can be used as reporters for tertiary and secondary structure transitions, confirming the potential of (19)F-labeling even for sizeable RNAs in the range of 70 nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sochor
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - R Silvers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - D Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - C Richter
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - B Fürtig
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
| | - H Schwalbe
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
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18
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Beyki K, Haydari R, Maghsoodlou MT. Synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-pyridine derivatives from reaction of pentafluoropyridine with malononitrile, piperazine and tetrazole-5-thiol. Springerplus 2015; 4:757. [PMID: 26674807 PMCID: PMC4670442 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Some pentafluoropyridine derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of pentafluoropyridine with appropriate C, S and N-nucleophile such as malononitrile, 1-methyl-tetrazole-5-thiol and piperazine. These reactions provided 4-substituted 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine derivatives in good yields. All the compounds were characterized using (1)H, (13)C and (19)F-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Beyki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Reza Haydari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Malek Taher Maghsoodlou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P. O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
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19
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Marx R, Pomplun N, Bermel W, Zeiger H, Engelke F, Fahmy AF, Glaser SJ. Engineering of an all-heteronuclear 5-qubit NMR quantum computer. Magn Reson Chem 2015; 53:442-447. [PMID: 25854330 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The realization of an all-heteronuclear 5-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer is reported, from the design and synthesis of a suitable molecule through the engineering of a prototype 6-channel probe head. Full control over the quantum computer is shown by a benchmark experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Marx
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Nikolas Pomplun
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Heinz Zeiger
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Frank Engelke
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Amr F Fahmy
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steffen J Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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20
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Rydzik AM, Brem J, van Berkel SS, Pfeffer I, Makena A, Claridge TDW, Schofield CJ. Monitoring conformational changes in the NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase by 19F NMR spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3129-33. [PMID: 24615874 PMCID: PMC4499255 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) is involved in the emerging antibiotic resistance problem. Development of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) inhibitors has proven challenging, due to their conformational flexibility. Here we report site-selective labeling of NDM-1 with 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-bromo acetone (BFA), and its use to study binding events and conformational changes upon ligand-metal binding using (19) F NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrate different modes of binding of known NDM-1 inhibitors, including L- and D-captopril by monitoring the changing chemical environment of the active-site loop of NDM-1. The method described will be applicable to other MBLs and more generally to monitoring ligand-induced conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Rydzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Sander S van Berkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Inga Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Anne Makena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Timothy D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
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21
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Zhuang J, Yang DP, Tian X, Nikas SP, Sharma R, Guo JJ, Makriyannis A. Targeting the Endocannabinoid System for Neuroprotection: A 19F-NMR Study of a Selective FAAH Inhibitor Binding with an Anandamide Carrier Protein, HSA. J Pharm Pharmacol (Los Angel) 2013; 1:002. [PMID: 24533425 PMCID: PMC3921897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme involved in the inactivation of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), is being considered as a therapeutic target for analgesia and neuroprotection. We have developed a brain permeable FAAH inhibitor, AM5206, which has served as a valuable pharmacological tool to explore neuroprotective effects of this class of compounds. In the present work, we characterized the interactions of AM5206 with a representative AEA carrier protein, human serum albumin (HSA), using 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Our data showed that as a drug carrier, albumin can significantly enhance the solubility of AM5206 in aqueous environment. Through a series of titration and competitive binding experiments, we also identified that AM5206 primarily binds to two distinct sites within HSA. Our results may provide insight into the mechanism of HSA-AM5206 interactions. The findings should also help in the development of suitable formulations of the lipophilic AM5206 and its congeners for their effective delivery to specific target sites in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhuang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - De-Ping Yang
- Physics Department, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Jianxin Guo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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