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Si T, Wang A, Yan H, Kong L, Guan L, He C, Ma Y, Zhang H, Ma H. Progress in the Study of Natural Antimicrobial Active Substances in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2024; 29:4400. [PMID: 39339396 PMCID: PMC11434294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Microbial secondary metabolites have been recognized as important sources for new drug discovery and development, yielding a wide range of structurally novel and functionally diverse antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of a variety of diseases that are considered good producers of novel antimicrobial drugs. Bacteria produce a wide variety of antimicrobial compounds, and thus, antibiotics derived from natural products still dominate over purely synthetic antibiotics among the antimicrobial drugs developed and introduced over the last four decades. Among them, Pseudomonas aeruginosa secondary metabolites constitute a richly diverse source of antimicrobial substances with good antimicrobial activity. Therefore, they are regarded as an outstanding resource for finding novel bioactive compounds. The exploration of antimicrobial compounds among Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolites plays an important role in drug development and biomedical research. Reports on the secondary metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, many of which are of pharmacological importance, hold great promise for the development of effective antimicrobial drugs against microbial infections by drug-resistant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to summarize published articles from the last twenty-five years (2000-2024) on antimicrobial secondary metabolites from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbo Si
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haowen Yan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lingcong Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lili Guan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chengguang He
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yiyi Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No. 2888, Changchun 130118, China
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Giri SS, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Venkatachalam S, Park SC. Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, and immune-related gene expression in pathogen-aggravated Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109547. [PMID: 38593522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heat-killed probiotics offer an alternative approach to enhance growth and disease resistance in farmed fish. In this study, we isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 from the gut of Labeo rohita to investigate the effects of heat-killed L. plantarum (HK-LP) on the health and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Different concentrations of HK-LP (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the fish, followed by a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila after 8 weeks of feeding. Notably, the LP200 group exhibited significantly improved percentage weight gain and specific growth rate, accompanied by the lowest feed conversion ratio. Post-challenge survival rates were considerably enhanced in the LP200 group, reaching 60.65%. Moreover, serum analysis indicated significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin in the LP200 group than in the control group. Although HK-LP had no substantial impact on certain serum parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and alanine aminotransferase), aspartate aminotransferase levels were considerably low in the LP200 group. Intestinal protease and trypsin activities significantly increased in the LP200 group, while no significant changes were observed in lipase and amylase activities post-pathogen challenge. Serum immunological indices, including lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, and phagocytic activity, improved considerably in the LP200 group. Additionally, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], and myeloperoxidase) were significantly elevated in the LP200 group, while malondialdehyde level was reduced. Gene expression analysis in liver tissue indicated strong upregulation of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NFE2]-related factor 2 [Nrf2], Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1[Keap1]) in the LP100 and LP200 groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were considerably downregulated in the kidneys of the LP200 post-challenged fish, although the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed an increased expression. Quadratic regression analysis identified the optimal dietary HK-LP level for maximizing growth and immune performance (200.381-270.003 mg/kg). In summary, our findings underscore the potential of HK-LP as a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing carp aquaculture, particularly at the appropriate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Venkatachalam
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Combating food spoilage and pathogenic microbes via bacteriocins: A natural and eco-friendly substitute to antibiotics. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Elsadek MM, Wang S, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yu M, Guo Z, Wang Q, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang D. Characterization of Bacillus spp. isolated from the intestines of Rhynchocypris lagowskii as a potential probiotic and their effects on fish pathogens. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106163. [PMID: 37209775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics sourced from fish intestinal microbiota have a merit over other bacterial sources due to colonization ability and effective time. This study aimed to evaluate the bacilli isolated from the Rhynchocypris lagowskii intestines and their validity as a probiotic. Three isolates were selected (LSG 2-5, LSG 3-7, and LSG 3-8) and defined by morphological and 16S rRNA analysis as Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, and Bacillus mojavensis, respectively. Results showed the strain tolerant abilities to gastrointestinal fluid, bile salt, pH, and temperature expotures. Additionally, all bacterial strains showed anti-pathogenic activity against at least four strains out of six tested pathogen strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas veronii, Edwardsiella, and Aeromonas sobria). The bacterial strains also showed a high percentage of co-aggregation activity, more than 70%, with Aer. hydrophile, Staph. epidermidis, and Klebsiella aerogenes. At the same time, the results of competition, rejection, and substitution activity with Aer. hydrophila and Aer. veronii indicated the ability of the isolated strains to reduce the adhesion of pathogens to mucin. All strains showed safety properties, non-hemolytic, and sensitivity characteristics for most of tested antibiotics. In vivo test after injecting these strains into fish at various concentrations showed no side effects in the internal or external organs of fish compared to controls, proving that this is safe for these fish. Furthermore, the three strains produced lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. The strains also showed bile salt hydrolase activity and biofilm formation, allowing them to tolerate stressful conditions. Conclusion: Based on these strains characteristics and features, they could be considered a promising candidate probiotic and can be used as an anti-pathogenic, especially in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Elsadek
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Sibu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhenchao Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yurou Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Mengnan Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Tonghua Normal University, College of Life Science, Jilin, Tonghua, 134001, China
| | - Qiuju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Dongming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Changchun University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun, China.
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5
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Mazlumi A, Panahi B, Hejazi MA, Nami Y. Probiotic potential characterization and clustering using unsupervised algorithms of lactic acid bacteria from saltwater fish samples. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11952. [PMID: 35831426 PMCID: PMC9279464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from the bowel of saltwater fish to assess their potential probiotic properties. Nineteen isolates of LAB including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Levilactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Pediococcus acidilactici were recognized using molecular tools. All the isolates survived in the simulated conditions of the GI tract. Auto-aggregation ranged from 01.3 ± 0.5 to 82.6 ± 1.4% and hydrophobicity with toluene ranged from 3.7 ± 1.6 to 69.4 ± 1.3%, while the range of hydrophobicity with xylene was from 02.2 ± 1.6 to 56.4 ± 2.1%. All the isolates of lactobacilli, pediococci, enterococci, and lactococci indicated variable sensitivity and resistance towards clinical antibiotics. Non-neutralized cell free supernatant of isolates F12 and F15 showed antimicrobial activity against all the 8 evaluated enteric pathogens. Cluster analysis of identified potential probiotic bacteria based on heat-map and PCA methods also highlighted the priority of isolates F3, F7, F12, and F15 as bio-control agents in fishery industry. The findings of this study may essentially contribute to the understanding of the probiotic potential of LAB in saltwater fish, in order to access their probiotic characterization for use as biocontrol in fishery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahman Panahi
- Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
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Endosymbiotic pathogen-inhibitory gut bacteria in three Indian Major Carps under polyculture system: A step toward making a probiotics consortium. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nair AV, K PN, M LA, Vijayan KK. Antibacterial assay guided isolation of a novel hydroxy-substituted pentacyclo ketonic compound from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MBTDCMFRI Ps04. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 52:335-347. [PMID: 33237498 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial compounds from the natural source have gained greater relevance because of their wide spectrum of possible applications, especially in the aquaculture industry where pathogenic threat and antibacterial resistance are serious concerns. In this regard, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MBTDCMFRI Ps04 (P. aeruginosa Ps04) strain isolated from the tropical estuarine habitats of Cochin was evaluated for its antibacterial potential against major aquaculture pathogens. The physiological conditions for the maximum production of the active metabolite were also optimized. An activity-guided approach was employed further to isolate and characterize the secondary metabolite responsible for the inhibitory potential. It was found that the cell free supernatant (CFS) of P. aeruginosa Ps04 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against major aquaculture pathogens belonging to the genus Vibrio and Aeromonas and retained its potential even at 30% (v/v) dilution. The highest antibacterial activity was detected from 3rd day culture, grown in glycerol alanine media (1% each) as carbon and nitrogen source, respectively, at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and at a salinity of 20 parts per thousand (ppt). The activity of the antagonistic principle was found to be stable against variations in pH (pH 2-pH 12), temperature (up to 120 °C) and enzymatic treatments. Bioassay-guided purification followed by spectroscopic characterization of active fractions of P. aeruginosa Ps04 revealed that the compound 4-Hydroxy-11-methylpentacyclo [11.8.0.02,3.011, 12.016,17]henicosa-1,3,5,8(9),17-penten-14-one is responsible for its major antibacterial activity. The results of this study indicated that P. aeruginosa Ps04 has beneficial antibacterial properties which could be used in developing novel antimicrobial therapeutics against a variety of aquaculture pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree V Nair
- ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Praveen N K
- Department of Chemistry, NSS College Cherthala, Cherthala, Kerala, India
| | - Leo Antony M
- ICAR - Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Chennai, India
| | - K K Vijayan
- ICAR - Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Chennai, India.
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Hoque F, Jawahar Abraham T, Nagesh TS, Kamilya D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP 72 Offers Protection Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Labeo rohita. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:973-980. [PMID: 30112591 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Use of probiotics as the biocontrol agent for disease prevention in aquaculture is gaining importance as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other chemotherapeutics. In view of this trend, the probiotic properties of a potent antagonistic bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa FARP72, was characterized in terms of safety, antagonistic activities, in vitro immunomodulation, and in vivo disease resistance. Immunomodulatory activity was ascertained by measuring the production of intracellular superoxide anion, nitric oxide, total leukocyte peroxidase content, and the leukocyte proliferation in head kidney leukocytes. The bacterium isolated from the skin mucus of freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus was harmless to Labeo rohita. It showed inhibitory activity against Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas putida, and Streptococcus agalactiae as revealed by cross and parallel streaking methods. Significantly higher superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, peroxidase content, and proliferative responses of leucocytes delineated the strains' ability to interact with immune cells to activate the immune system in vitro. Significant growth inhibition of A. hydrophila from 1.55 × 105 CFU/mL was observed when co-cultured with P. aeruginosa FARP72 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at levels ranging from 2.61 × 107 to 2.61 × 109 CFU/mL in 10 days. P. aeruginosa FARP72 increased the survival rate of rohu fingerlings against pathogenic A. hydrophila challenge in biocontrol study in vivo as determined by cohabitation challenge. These results suggest that P. aeruginosa FARP72 is a potential probiotic strain and can be used in aquaculture to improve the health status and disease resistance of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Hoque
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India. .,Regional Research Centre, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Rahara, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700118, India.
| | - T Jawahar Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - T S Nagesh
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700094, India
| | - Dibyendu Kamilya
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura (W), 799210, India
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Mukherjee A, Banerjee G, Mukherjee P, Ray AK, Chandra G, Ghosh K. Antibacterial substances produced by pathogen inhibitory gut bacteria in Labeo rohita: Physico-chemical characterization, purification and identification through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:146-155. [PMID: 30826430 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Application of antibiotics to combat bacterial diseases in fish has been criticized due to likely emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, investigation of new bioactive compounds from natural sources has been taken into account. This study was designed to purify and characterize the bioactive compound in the cell free supernatant (CFSs) of autochthonous gut bacteria (Bacillus methylotrophicus KU556164, B. amyloliquefaciens KU556165, Pseudomonas fluorescens KU556166 and B. licheniformis KU556167) isolated from rohu, Labeo rohita. CFSs were antagonistic to fish pathogenic Aeromonas spp., moderately thermo-tolerant and active in wide range of pH (5-11). Antibacterial activity of the CFSs was reduced by the action of proteases (e.g., Proteinase K and Trypsin), indicating proteinaceous nature of the bioactive compound like the bacteriocins. Three-step purification procedure resulted in recovery of 16.97%, 18.04%, 33.33% and 6.38% activity of the antimicrobial protein produced by B. methylotrophicus, B. amyloliquefaciens, P. fluorescens and B. licheniformis, respectively. Purification at each step revealed decrease in protein content with gradual increase in the specific activity of the antimicrobial protein. The purified antibacterial compound ranged between 18.2 and 25.6 kDa. Identification through MALDI-TOF MS/MS and database search through Mascot search engine predicted that the bactericidal compound belonged to either alkaline proteases, or, transcriptional regulator and some hypothetical proteins. Apart from potential technological application of the antibacterial compound, the present study might show promise for application of gut-associated bacteriocinogenic bacteria to control diseases in fish caused by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Mukherjee
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 7131235, West Bengal, India; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 7000019, India
| | - Piyali Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, west Bengal, India
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 7131235, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Chandra
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
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Giri SS, Yun S, Jun JW, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Kang JW, Kim SW, Han SJ, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Therapeutic Effect of Intestinal Autochthonous Lactobacillus reuteri P16 Against Waterborne Lead Toxicity in Cyprinus carpio. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1824. [PMID: 30131809 PMCID: PMC6090060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful effects of heavy metals are myriad. Lead (Pb) from soil and atmosphere contaminates water bodies and affects the aquatic animals. Our previous study confirmed the in vitro probiotic potential of Lactobacillus reuteri against Pb toxicity, but further investigation is necessary for gaining insights into the related protection mode. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects of the potential probiotic L. reuteri P16 against waterborne Pb exposure-induced toxicity in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio. Fish (average weight: 23.16 ± 0.73 g) were allocated to four groups (control, Pb only, Pb + L. reuteri P16, and L. reuteri P16 only) and Pb groups were exposed to waterborne Pb (1 mg L−1) for 6 weeks. L. reuteri P16 (108 CFU g−1) supplemented diet was provided twice daily. Growth performances, hemato-biochemical parameters, innate immune responses, intestinal microbiota, and Pb accumulation in tissues were measured at the end of the trial. When the fish were exposed to Pb, dietary supplementation of L. reuteri P16 effectively decreased mortality and accumulation of Pb in tissues, and improved the growth performance. Co-treatment with Pb and L. reuteri P16 alleviated Pb exposure-induced oxidative stress, reversed alterations in hemato-biochemical parameters, improved innate immune parameters, and restored intestinal enzymatic activities. Moreover, L. reuteri P16 supplementation reversed the changes in intestinal microbiota in Pb-exposed fish. Furthermore, Pb exposure decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). However, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) increased, which might have increased the cellular stress. Interestingly, the Pb-induced alterations of gene expressions were reversed by L. reuteri P16 supplementation. Thus, dietary administration of the potential probiotic L. reuteri P16 had several beneficial effects on growth performance and immune responses, decreased Pb accumulation in tissues, and reversed alterations in hematological responses of C. carpio. Furthermore, it offered direct protection against Pb-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, L. reuteri P16 may be a novel dietary supplement for enhancing growth performance and preventing Pb-exposure-induced toxicity in fish in aquaculture and aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - V Sukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Nandi A, Dan SK, Banerjee G, Ghosh P, Ghosh K, Ringø E, Ray AK. Probiotic Potential of Autochthonous Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Four Freshwater Teleosts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:12-21. [PMID: 27557836 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (Channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (Mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (Labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (Cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. The isolates were further screened in response to fish bile tolerance and extracellular digestive enzyme activity. Two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 showed highest tolerance and extracellular enzymes activities, and selected for further studies. Antagonistic activity of these two isolates was further confirmed by in vitro growth inhibition assay against four selected fish pathogens in liquid medium. Finally, these two bacterial strains MVF1 and MVH7 were selected as potential probiotic candidates and thus identification by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The bacterial isolates MVF1 and MVH7 were identified as two strains of Bacillus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Nandi
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Suhas Kumar Dan
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Goutam Banerjee
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Pinki Ghosh
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golap Bag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713 104, India
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Breivika, Norway
| | - Arun Kumar Ray
- Fisheries Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Ramesh D, Souissi S, Ahamed TS. Effects of the potential probiotics Bacillus aerophilus KADR3 in inducing immunity and disease resistance in Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:408-415. [PMID: 28917486 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary administration of Bacillus aerophilus KADR3 on enhancing the immunity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Labeo rohita. B. aerophilus culture supernatant exhibited antagonistic activity against fish pathogenic bacteria in an agar well diffusion assay. Four fish groups were fed with either of following diets containing different concentrations of B. aerophilus KADR3 (cfu g-1): 0 (control), 1 × 107 (DI), 1 × 108 (DII), and 1 × 109 (DIII) -cfu g-1. Various innate immune parameters were measured at - 3rd and 6th - week post-feeding. At the end of 6th week, fish were challenged intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila and survival percentage was recorded over 10 days post-challenge. Studied immunological parameters viz. serum lysozyme, phagocytosis, serum total protein, respiratory bursts, serum IgM levels, superoxide dismutase and alternative complement pathway activities were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in fish groups fed with B. aerophilus KADR3 supplemented diets, with the highest values were observed in DII (108 cfu g-1) fed group. Further, B. aerophilus supplementation at 108 cfu g-1 exhibited highest post-challenge survivability i.e. 72.83%, followed by DIII (64.19%) and DI (41.97%). Our results collectively suggest that B. aerophilus can potentially be used as probiotic strain in aquaculture to enhance the immunity and disease resistance with an optimal dietary supplementation of 108 cfu g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraj Ramesh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology (NFMC), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Cote d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Tharifkhan Shan Ahamed
- Department of Marine Biotechnology (NFMC), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dong B, Yi Y, Liang L, Shi Q. High Throughput Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides from Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090266. [PMID: 28867788 PMCID: PMC5618199 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of small peptides, which are secreted by almost all creatures in nature. They have been explored in therapeutic and agricultural aspects as they are toxic to many bacteria. A considerable amount of work has been conducted in analyzing 16S and metagenomics of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). However, these datasets are still untapped resources. In this present study, a homologous search was performed to predict AMPs from our newly generated metagenome of grass carp. We identified five AMPs with high similarities to previously reported bacterial toxins, such as lantibiotic and class II bacteriocins. In addition, we observed that the top abundant genus in the GI microbiota of the grass carp was generally consistent with the putative AMP-producing strains, which are mainly from Lactobacillales. Furthermore, we constructed the phylogenetic relationship of these putative AMP-producing bacteria existing in the GI of grass carp and some popular commercial probiotics (commonly used for microecologics), demonstrating that they are closely related. Thus, these strains have the potential to be developed into novel microecologics. In a word, we provide a high-throughput way to discover AMPs from fish GI microbiota, which can be developed as alternative pathogen antagonists (toxins) for microecologics or probiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yunhai Yi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Lifeng Liang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Probiotic and Safety Properties of Bacteriocinogenic and Non-Bacteriocinogenic Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Intestines of Nile Tilapia and Common Carp for Their Use as Probiotics in Aquaculture. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 10:98-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Culturable autochthonous gut bacteria in rohu, Labeo rohita. In vitro growth inhibition against pathogenic Aeromonas spp., stability in gut, bio-safety and identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Kaktcham PM, Temgoua JB, Ngoufack Zambou F, Diaz-Ruiz G, Wacher C, Pérez-Chabela MDL. Quantitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of rearing environment, tilapia and common carp cultured in earthen ponds and inhibitory activity of its lactic acid bacteria on fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:32. [PMID: 28063102 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the bacterial load of water, Nile Tilapia and common Carp intestines from earthen ponds, isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and assess their antimicrobial activity against fish spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Following enumeration and isolation of microorganisms the antimicrobial activity of the LAB isolates was evaluated. Taxonomic identification of selected antagonistic LAB strains was assessed, followed by partial characterisation of their antimicrobial metabolites. Results showed that high counts (>4 log c.f.u ml-1 or 8 log c.f.u g-1) of total aerobic bacteria were recorded in pond waters and fish intestines. The microbiota were also found to be dominated by Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. LAB isolates (5.60%) exhibited potent direct and extracellular antimicrobial activity against the host-derived and non host-derived spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. These antagonistic isolates were identified and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis was found as the predominant (42.85%) specie. The strains displayed the ability to produce lactic, acetic, butyric, propionic and valeric acids. Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative (Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were produced by three L. lactis subsp. lactis strains. In this study, the LAB from the microbiota of fish and pond water showed potent antimicrobial activity against fish spoilage or pathogenic bacteria from the same host or ecological niche. The studied Cameroonian aquatic niche is an ideal source of antagonistic LAB that could be appropriate as new fish biopreservatives or disease control agents in aquaculture under tropical conditions in particular or worldwide in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marie Kaktcham
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
| | - Jules-Bocamdé Temgoua
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - François Ngoufack Zambou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition (LABPMAN), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Cameroon, P.O Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gloria Diaz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Carmen Wacher
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Pérez-Chabela
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, 09340, Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
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Potential probiotics from Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Characterization, pathogen inhibitory activity, partial characterization of bacteriocin and production of exoenzymes. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Jun JW, Sukumaran V, Park SC. Role of Bacillus subtilis VSG4-derived biosurfactant in mediating immune responses in Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:220-229. [PMID: 27079425 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate biosurfactant from CO2-sequestering Bacillus subtilis VSG4 and to evaluate its immunostimulatory effect in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.1 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing the water-soluble fraction of purified biosurfactant at 50 (S50), 100 (S100), 200 (S200), or 300 (S300) μg mL(-1). Fish injected with PBS served as controls. Various immunological parameters, including immune-related gene expression, were measured at 14, 21, and 28 days post administration (dpa). At 28 dpa, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality was recorded up to 14 days. Among the immune parameters tested, lysozyme levels (36.32 ± 1.79 U mL(-1)), alternative complement pathway activity (76.26 ± 2.18 U mL(-1)), phagocytic activity (32.18 ± 0.67%), and serum bactericidal activity (73.2 ± 4.7%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the S200 group at 21 dpa than in the controls. Respiratory burst activity (0.386 ± 0.008 OD630nm) was the highest in the S200 group at 28 dpa. Of the immune-related genes examined, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were significantly down-regulated in the S200 and S300 groups. Expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) as well as IKB-α was higher (P < 0.05) in the S100‒S300 groups at 21 dpa. The expression of NF-κB p65, IKK-β, MAPKp38, and Myd88 was down-regulated in the treated groups when compared to the controls. Fish in the S200 group exhibited the highest post-challenge relative survival rate (67.88%). Collectively, these results suggest that secondary metabolite (biosurfactant) isolated from B. subtilis VSG4 at 200 μg mL(-1) can positively influence immune responses, enhance disease resistance, and stimulate immune-related gene expression in L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
| | - Venkatachalam Sukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur, 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151742, South Korea.
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Jun JW, Park SC, Sukumaran V. Heat-killed whole-cell products of the probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG2 strain affect in vitro cytokine expression in head kidney macrophages of Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:310-316. [PMID: 26876356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of heat-killed whole-cell products (HKWCPs) of probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG2 strain in stimulating the cytokine responses in the head kidney (HK) macrophages of Labeo rohita. The HK macrophages were incubated with HKWCPs or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the responses of cytokine genes, namely interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-p35, IL-12p40, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at 2, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 h post-stimulation (hps). Among proinflammatory cytokines, significantly higher expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was observed at 8-24 hps, and 2-16 hps with HKWCPs, respectively, as compared to controls. However, COX-2 and NF-κB displayed strong expression (P < 0.05) at 2-8 hps, and 8, 16 and 72 hps with HKWCPs, respectively. Antiviral cytokines IFN-α and IFN-γ displayed strong expression (P < 0.05) at 8-24 hps, and 2, 24 and 48 hps with HKWCPs, respectively. Expressions of cell-mediated immune factor genes (IL-12p35 and IL-12p40) were also significantly upregulated at various time points, except IL-12p40 at 72 hps, in HK macrophages stimulated with HKWCPs. Expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was upregulated (P < 0.05) at 2-24 hps HKWCPs, compared to controls. Enhanced cellular (phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production) and humoral (lysozyme) immune parameters of treated HK macrophages confirmed the induction of inflammatory response. Thus, our results indicated that HKWCPs of probiotic P. aeruginosa VSG2 had greater potential for stimulating the in vitro expression of cytokines in fish and that these HKWCPs may be used as vaccine adjuvants in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea; Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India; Dept. of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Chi C, Kim HJ, Yun S, Park SC, Sukumaran V. Effects of intracellular products of Bacillus subtilis VSG1 and Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 on cytokine responses in the head kidney macrophages of Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:954-961. [PMID: 26520566 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of intracellular products (ICPs) of the probiotics Bacillus subtilis VSG1 and Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 in stimulating cytokine responses in the head kidney (HK) macrophages of Labeo rohita was investigated. The HK macrophages were incubated with ICPs and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the responses of cytokine genes, namely interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), interferon-1 (IFN-1), and IFN-γ were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-stimulation (hps). Among the proinflammatory cytokines, a strong increase in the gene expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was displayed mainly at 2-6 hps with ICPs, as compared to that of the positive control (LPS) or the negative control (PBS) (P < 0.05). However, COX-2 and NF-κB showed higher expression at 2 and 24 hps, and 6-24 hps with ICPs, respectively. Antiviral cytokines IFN-1 and IFN-γ displayed strong expressions (P < 0.05) at 6-12 hps, and 12-24 hps with ICPs, respectively. Upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was recorded at 6-24 hps with ICPs, as compared to that controls. Expressions of cell-mediated immune factor genes (IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IL-18) were also significantly upregulated at different time points, except 48 hps, in HK macrophages stimulated with ICPs. Furthermore, enhanced cellular (phagocytic activity and nitroblue tetrazolium assay) and humoral (lysozyme) immune parameters in stimulated cells confirmed the induction of the inflammatory response. Therefore, the results of this in vitro study indicate that the ICPs of B. subtilis VSG1 or L. plantarum VSG3 have great potential for stimulating the cytokine responses in fish, and are thereby potential immunostimulants to fish. Further studies could be conducted to explore its suitability as an adjuvant vaccine in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Chi C, Kim HJ, Yun S, Park SC, Sukumaran V. Effect of cellular products of potential probiotic bacteria on the immune response of Labeo rohita and susceptibility to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:716-722. [PMID: 26282681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the immunological efficacy of cellular components from the potential probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis VSG1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG2, and Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 was evaluated in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish were immunized intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL phosphate-buffer solution (PBS) containing 0.1 mg of any of the following cellular components: intercellular products (ICPs) of VSG1 (BS-ICPs), heat-killed whole cell products of VSG2 (PA-HKWCPs), or ICPs of VSG3 (LP-ICPs). Fish injected with 0.1 mL PBS served as the control. Various immunological parameters, including the expression of immune-related genes, were measured 14 and 21 days post-immunization. The fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortality was recorded up to 21 days post-infection. The results revealed that administration of cellular components significantly increased the activity of serum lysozyme and the alternative complement pathway, phagocytosis, and respiratory bursts throughout the experimental period. Total serum protein, albumin, and globulin levels were significantly higher in experimental groups than in the control up to 14 days post-immunization, and decreased thereafter. With respect to immune-related genes, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, and IL-10 were highly (P < 0.05) up-regulated in fish immunized with cellular components, compared to the control. The expression of TNF-α and NF-κB was up-regulated in immunized fish up to 14 days post-immunization. Interestingly, fish immunized with LP-ICPs exhibited a significantly higher post-challenge relative percent survival (83.32%), followed by PA-HKWCPs (66.66%), and BS-ICPs (50%). These results indicate that cellular components of probiotic bacteria can influence immune responses, enhance disease protection, and stimulate immune-related gene expression in rohu. Hence, these cellular components may be useful as adjuvants for vaccines in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Shib Sankar Sen
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151742, South Korea.
| | - V Sukumaran
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sahoo TK, Jena PK, Patel AK, Seshadri S. Purification and Molecular Characterization of the Novel Highly Potent Bacteriocin TSU4 Produced by Lactobacillus animalis TSU4. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:90-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramesh D, Vinothkanna A, Rai AK, Vignesh VS. Isolation of potential probiotic Bacillus spp. and assessment of their subcellular components to induce immune responses in Labeo rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:268-276. [PMID: 25917974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus species isolated from the gut of healthy Labeo rohita (Hamilton) were screened for antibacterial activity against selected fish pathogens. Among the isolates, KADR5 and KADR6 showed antibacterial activity, tolerated low pH and high bile concentrations and were susceptibility to various antibiotics. Based on morphological and biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene analysis the probiotic strains KADR5 and KADR6 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus, respectively. The immune stimulatory effect of subcellular components of probiotic Bacillus licheniformis KADR5 and Bacillus pumilus KADR6 in L. rohita against Aeromonas hydrophila infection was studied. Fish were immunized intraperitoneally in case of subcellular components [cell wall proteins (CWPs), extracellular proteins (ECPs), whole cell proteins (WCPs)] and orally in case of live cells (10(8) CFU/g of feed). After 14th day of administration, fishes from each group were challenged intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of A. hydrophila cell suspension in PBS (10(5) cells ml(-1)). Groups immunized with subcellular components and live cells had significantly lower mortalities of 20-40% and 23-33%, respectively in comparison to control (80% mortality). The non specific immune factors in the cellular components and viable cells of the probiotics increased the expression of lysozyme and respiratory burst. Use of WCPs and CWPs resulted in better protection against A. hydrophila in L. rohita. Our results clearly reflect the potential of cellular components of the probiotics Bacillus species for the protection of fish against A. hydrophila infection by enhancing the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmaraj Ramesh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Annadurai Vinothkanna
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Regional Centre of Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Tadong 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Venkada Subramanian Vignesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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In Vitro Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut of Labeo rohita and Catla catla. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2015; 7:126-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Jena PK, Trivedi D, Thakore K, Chaudhary H, Giri SS, Seshadri S. Isolation and characterization of probiotic properties of Lactobacilli isolated from rat fecal microbiota. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 57:407-16. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Institute of Science; Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway; Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481; Gujarat
| | - Disha Trivedi
- Institute of Science; Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway; Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481; Gujarat
| | - Kirati Thakore
- Institute of Science; Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway; Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481; Gujarat
| | - Harshita Chaudhary
- Institute of Science; Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway; Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481; Gujarat
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology; Periyar Maniammai University; Thanjavur; 613403; Tamilnadu; India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science; Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway; Chharodi, Ahmedabad; 382481; Gujarat
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27
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Trivedi D, Jena PK, Patel JK, Seshadri S. Partial Purification and Characterization of a Bacteriocin DT24 Produced by Probiotic Vaginal Lactobacillus brevis DT24 and Determination of its Anti-Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Potential. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013; 5:142-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Giri SS, Sukumaran V, Oviya M. Potential probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 improves the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:660-666. [PMID: 23274158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of dietary doses of Lactobacillus plantarum VSG3 on the growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of Labeo rohita juveniles against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish (mean body weight 60 g) were fed with diet containing 0 (control), 10(6), 10(8), 10(10) cfu g(-1)L. plantarum VSG3 for 60 days. Various growth and immune parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days of post-feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 60 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. Results showed that administration of VSG3 for 60 days had significant effects (P < 0.05) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed utilization efficiency of L. rohita. Dietary administration of L. plantarum VSG3 significantly increased the serum lysozyme and alternative complement pathway (ACP) activities, phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in L. rohita throughout the experimental period. The highest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05) was observed in the fish group fed diet containing VSG3 at 10(8) cfu g(-1). The serum IgM levels were significantly higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group after 30 days of feeding; but, the result was opposite after 60 days of feeding. Further, fish fed the diet containing 10(8) cfu g(-1)L. plantarum VSG3 had significantly higher (P < 0.05) post-challenge survival rate (77.7%). These results collectively suggest that dietary supplementation of L. plantarum VSG3 at 10(8) cfu g(-1) to L. rohita is optimal for enhancing the growth, immunity, and disease resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Jena PK, Trivedi D, Chaudhary H, Sahoo TK, Seshadri S. Bacteriocin PJ4 active against enteric pathogen produced by Lactobacillus helveticus PJ4 isolated from gut microflora of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus): partial purification and characterization of bacteriocin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2088-100. [PMID: 23371780 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The increase of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the restriction on the use antibiotics due to its side effects have drawn attention to the search for possible alternatives. Bacteriocins are small antimicrobial peptides produced by numerous bacteria. Much interest has been focused on bacteriocins because they exhibit inhibitory activity against pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to synthesize antimicrobial compounds (like bacteriocin) during their growth. In this study, an antibacterial substance (bacteriocin PJ4) produced by Lactobacillus helveticus PJ4, isolated from rat gut microflora, was identified as bacteriocin. It was effective against wide assay of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria involved in various diseases, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial peptide was relatively heat-resistant and also active over a wide pH range of 2-10. It has been partially purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography and checked on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of bacteriocin PJ4 purified through size exclusion chromatography resolved ~6.5 kDa protein with bacteriocin activity. The peptide is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, trypsin, and lipase but not when treated with catalase, α-amylase, and pepsin. It showed a bactericidal mode of action against the indicator strains E. coli MTCC443, Lactobacillus casei MTCC1423, and E. faecalis DT48. Such characteristics indicate that this bacteriocin may be a potential candidate for alternative agents to control important pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Kumar Jena
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad 382481 Gujarat, India
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Characteristics of Bacterial Isolates from the Gut of Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita that May be Useful as Potential Probiotic Bacteria. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 4:238-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Giri SS, Sen SS, Sukumaran V. Effects of dietary supplementation of potential probiotic Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:1135-1140. [PMID: 22465361 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary Pseudomonas aeruginosa VSG-2 supplementation on innate immunity and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection were evaluated in Labeo rohita. Fish were fed for 60 days with control diet or 3 experimental diets containing P. aeruginosa VSG-2 at 10(5), 10(7), and 10(9) cfu g(-l), respectively. Various innate immune parameters were examined at 30 and 60 days post-feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 60 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. Dietary supplementation of P. aeruginosa VSG-2 significantly increased serum lysozyme and alternative complement pathway (ACP) activities, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst activity in head kidney macrophages of L. rohita throughout the experimental period. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased after 60 days in the groups fed diets containing 10(7) and 10(9) cfu g(-1) P aeruginosa. Serum IgM levels were significantly higher in the treatment groups than in the control group after 30 days of feeding; however, the opposite result was observed at 60 days. Moreover, fish fed diets containing 10(7) and 10(9) cfu g(-1)P. aeruginosa had significantly higher post-challenge survival rates against A. hydrophila infection. Further, P. aeruginosa VSG-2 was found to be safe for mammals. These results indicate that dietary P. aeruginosa VSG-2 supplementation at 10(7) cfu g(-1) can effectively improve innate immunity and disease resistance in L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai University, Periyar Nagar, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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