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Gerber M, Filippou K, Knappe F, Morres ID, Tzormpatzakis E, Havas E, Seelig H, Colledge F, Ludyga S, Meier M, Theodorakis Y, von Känel R, Pühse U, Hatzigeorgiadis A. Associations between grip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular risk and mental health in forcibly displaced people from a Greek refugee camp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20970. [PMID: 38017094 PMCID: PMC10684690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular strength represents a specific component of health-related fitness. Hand grip strength is used as a simple and dynamic marker of maximum voluntary force of the hand and to estimate overall strength. Today, little is known about the relationship between grip strength and health in forcibly displaced populations. In the present study, we examined whether grip strength is associated with various health outcomes in a sample of forcibly displaced people living in a Greek refugee camp. The present analyses are part of a larger pragmatic randomized controlled trial. In this paper, cross-sectional baseline data of 143 participants (71 men, 72 women) will be presented. In addition to grip strength, the following physical and mental health outcomes were assessed: body weight and body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose levels (HbA1c), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, pain, and quality of life. Linear regression analyses were carried out to examine how grip strength is associated with the health outcomes, separately for absolute and normalized grip strength scores. Grip strength was positively and strongly associated with percentage muscle mass (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.58, p < .001), whereas a negative association existed for percentage body fat (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = - 0.58, p < .001). No statistically significant associations occurred between grip strength and the other cardiovascular risk markers. In contrast, we found that participants with higher normalized grip strength reported higher levels of PTSD (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.36, p < .05) and depressive symptoms (normalized grip strength: Stand. B = 0.29, p < .05). No significant association occurred between grip strength, anxiety, pain and quality of life. Measuring grip strength in forcibly displaced people can be a useful way to assess their overall muscle strength. Grip strength tests are easy to implement, and results can be used to assess the effects of specific intervention measures. Nevertheless, our results question the usefulness of grip strength as a marker of cardiovascular health and mental wellbeing in a refugee camp setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Konstantinia Filippou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Florian Knappe
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis D Morres
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Tzormpatzakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Elsa Havas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Meier
- Interdisciplinary Center for Gender Studies, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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Kuczmarski MF, Beydoun MA, Georgescu MF, Noren Hooten N, Mode NA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Pro-Inflammatory Diets Are Associated with Frailty in an Urban Middle-Aged African American and White Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:4598. [PMID: 37960250 PMCID: PMC10648548 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quality is a modifiable risk factor for frailty, but research on the association of frailty with dietary inflammatory potential is limited. The objective was to determine associations between diet quality assessed by the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with frailty status over time. Participants with both dietary and frailty data from the longitudinal Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study were used (n = 2901, 43.5% male, 43.8% African American, 48.5 y mean baseline age, with a mean 8.7 y of follow-up). Group-based trajectory modeling identified two frailty (remaining non-frail or being pre-frail/frail over time) and three diet quality trajectory groups (high or medium pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory potentials). Multiple logistic regression found both medium pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory DII trajectory groups, compared to the high pro-inflammatory group, were positively associated with being non-frail over time for the overall sample, both sexes and races. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test revealed anti-inflammatory DII scores were associated with lower risk for being pre-frail or frail. No longitudinal relationship existed between frailty status at baseline and annualized DII change, a check on reverse causality. This study contributes to our current knowledge providing longitudinal evidence of the link between anti-inflammatory DII score with lower frailty risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.A.B.); (M.F.G.); (N.N.H.); (N.A.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
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Hiol AN, von Hurst PR, Conlon CA, Beck KL. Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e94. [PMID: 37649694 PMCID: PMC10465299 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein intake, sources and distribution impact on muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass in older adults. However, it is less clear whether dietary protein influences muscle strength. Data were obtained from the Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating dietary patterns, cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in older adults aged 65-74 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-d food record and muscle strength using a handgrip strength dynamometer. After adjusting for confounders, in female older adults (n 212), total protein intake (β = 0⋅22, P < 0⋅01); protein from dairy and eggs (β = 0⋅21, P = 0⋅03) and plant food sources (β = 0⋅60, P < 0⋅01); and frequently consuming at least 0⋅4 g/kg BW per meal (β = 0⋅08, P < 0⋅01) were associated with higher BMI-adjusted muscle strength. However, protein from meat and fish intake and the coefficient of variance of protein intake were not related to BMI-muscle strength in female older adults. No statistically significant associations were observed in male participants (n = 113). There may be sex differences when investigating associations between protein intake and muscle strength in older adults. Further research is needed to investigate these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N. Hiol
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Pamela R. von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A. Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L. Beck
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
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Kim MH, Choi MK, Bae YJ. Relationship between protein intake and grip strength in qualitative and quantitative aspects among the elderly in Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:330. [PMID: 37237387 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between quantitative and qualitative protein intake and grip strength (GS) in the South Korean population to explore nutritional management for the prevention of sarcopenia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was based on data from a nationally representative sample of the South Korean elderly population, consisting of 1,531 men and 1,983 women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019. Low GS was defined as GS < 28 kg in men and GS < 18 kg in women. Protein intake was assessed using 1-day 24-h recall, and we analyzed absolute protein intake, protein intake by food source, and protein intake compared to dietary reference intake with per body weight or absolute daily recommended value. RESULTS The total and animal protein intake and protein intake from legumes, fish and shellfish were significantly lower in women with a low GS than in those with a normal GS. After adjusting for confounding factors, women who consumed more protein than the estimated average requirement (EAR, 40 g/day for women) were 0.528 times less likely to have low GS than women consuming less protein than the EAR (95% CI: 0.373-0.749), and consuming any amount of protein from legumes were 0.656 times less likely (95% CI: 0.500-0.860) to have low GS than women who did not consume any amount of legume protein. CONCLUSIONS This study provides epidemiological evidence that adequate protein intake above EAR and protein intake from legumes should be guided for preventing low GS, especially in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 32439, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kongju National University, 32439, Yesan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jung Bae
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, 27909, Jeungpyeong, Republic of Korea.
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Pasdar Y, Moradi S, Saedi S, Moradinazar M, Rahmani N, Hamzeh B, Najafi F. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet in relation to age-associated poor muscle strength; a cross-sectional study from the Kurdish cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11866. [PMID: 35831466 PMCID: PMC9279400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is an eating pattern associated with multiple health benefits, including the conservation of skeletal muscle. The Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is the most frequently used indicator of muscle functional capacity and muscle strength for clinical purposes. The current study aims to investigate the association between adherence to MIND diet and prevention of age-associated decline in muscle strength among the Kurdish population in Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 3181 adults (48.5% men) aged 35–65 years. The dietary intake of the studied participants was assessed using a 114-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed by RaNCD cohort study. The MIND diet and the major dietary patterns were identified based on the participants’ dietary intake and three dietary patterns emerged including plant-based diet, high protein diet, and unhealthy diet. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer and poor HGS was defined as HGS less than 32.8 and 20.5 kg in men and women, respectively. Compared with participants in the lowest category of MIND diet, those in the highest category had lower odds of poor HGS (OR: 0.65; CI 95%: 0.51–0.83). Furthermore, participants who were in third tertiles of plant-based and high protein diet were more likely 37% and 33% lower odds ratio of poor HGS (OR: 0.63; CI 95%: 0.5–0.79), (OR: 0.67; CI 95%: 0.54–0.84), respectively. On the other hand, greater adherence to the unhealthy diet was increased odds of poor HGS (OR: 1.39; CI 95%: 1.11–1.74). Overall, our findings suggest that adherence to the MIND diet and high protein diet may be associated with higher HGS, while adherence to the unhealthy diet can increase the odds of age-associated poor HGS in the Kurdish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Rahmani
- Julius Maximillian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Environmental Determinates of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- School of Public Health, Communing Developmental and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Weak Hand Grip Strength Is Associated with Alexithymia in Outpatients in a Mexican Population. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050576. [PMID: 35624963 PMCID: PMC9138985 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength has been considered as a possible marker for metabolic and psychiatric disease. To date, however, no research has focused on the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correct association between hand grip strength and alexithymia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Comalcalco, Tabasco, México. A total of 246 individuals were included. Hand grip strength was evaluated in the dominant hand using a Takei® portable digital dynamometer. Alexithymia was measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Two linear regression models adjusted by confounders were used to determine the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The rate for positive alexithymia was 39.0% (n = 94). Individuals with alexithymia showed a weaker hand grip strength than the comparison group (t = 2.4, 244 df, p = 0.01). Individuals with alexithymia had significantly reduced levels of hand grip strength (β = −0.39 ± 0.14; p = 0.006); after additional adjustment for clinical variables, decreased hand grip strength remained (β = 8.00 ± 1.86; p ≤ 0.001). Our results suggest that a decrease in hand grip strength could be associated with alexithymia. This measurement could be useful as a predictive marker for the identification of alexithymia in Mexican individuals who attend outpatient clinics.
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Alsaawi TA, Aldisi D, Abulmeaty MMA, Khattak MNK, Alnaami AM, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM. Screening for Sarcopenia among Elderly Arab Females: Influence of Body Composition, Lifestyle, Irisin, and Vitamin D. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091855. [PMID: 35565822 PMCID: PMC9099718 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass, and is most common in older people. The present multi-center cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and possible risk factors among Arab elderly females. A total of 131 ambulatory Saudi elderly females aged 60–85 years (mean age 65.9 ± 5.5 years) were recruited to participate. A general questionnaire with questions related to sociodemographic factors, medical history, diet, physical activity, and lifestyle was administered. Anthropometrics and muscle assessments were done. Fasting blood glucose and lipids were measured routinely. Circulating 25(OH)D and irisin levels were measured using commercially available assays. Sarcopenia was assessed using the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). Over-all prevalence of sarcopenia was 19.8% (26 out of 131 participants). Novel measures such as abdominal volume index (AVI), dietary fiber, and irisin were found to be significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than those without sarcopenia, independent of age. No associations were found with physical activity or dietary and lifestyle habits. In conclusion, sarcopenia is relatively common among Arab elderly females. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether lifestyle modifications can decrease the incidence of sarcopenia in this population. Irisin maybe a promising biomarker for sarcopenia but needs to be confirmed using larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafany A. Alsaawi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (D.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Dara Aldisi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (D.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.A.); (D.A.); (M.M.A.A.)
| | - Malak N. K. Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.K.K.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.K.K.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.K.K.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.K.K.); (A.M.A.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Nunes EA, Colenso‐Semple L, McKellar SR, Yau T, Ali MU, Fitzpatrick‐Lewis D, Sherifali D, Gaudichon C, Tomé D, Atherton PJ, Robles MC, Naranjo‐Modad S, Braun M, Landi F, Phillips SM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:795-810. [PMID: 35187864 PMCID: PMC8978023 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression to determine if increasing daily protein ingestion contributes to gaining lean body mass (LBM), muscle strength, and physical/functional test performance in healthy subjects. A protocol for the present study was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42020159001), and a systematic search of Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Sciences databases was undertaken. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) where participants increased their daily protein intake and were healthy and non-obese adults were included. Research questions focused on the main effects on the outcomes of interest and subgroup analysis, splitting the studies by participation in a resistance exercise (RE), age (<65 or ≥65 years old), and levels of daily protein ingestion. Three-level random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted on data from 74 RCT. Most of the selected studies tested the effects of additional protein ingestion during RE training. The evidence suggests that increasing daily protein ingestion may enhance gains in LBM in studies enrolling subjects in RE (SMD [standardized mean difference] = 0.22, 95% CI [95% confidence interval] 0.14:0.30, P < 0.01, 62 studies, moderate level of evidence). The effect on LBM was significant in subjects ≥65 years old ingesting 1.2-1.59 g of protein/kg/day and for younger subjects (<65 years old) ingesting ≥1.6 g of protein/kg/day submitted to RE. Lower-body strength gain was slightly higher by additional protein ingestion at ≥1.6 g of protein/kg/day during RE training (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI 0.09:0.35, P < 0.01, 19 studies, low level of evidence). Bench press strength is slightly increased by ingesting more protein in <65 years old subjects during RE training (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI 0.03:0.33, P = 0.01, 32 studies, low level of evidence). The effects of ingesting more protein are unclear when assessing handgrip strength and only marginal for performance in physical function tests. In conclusion, increasing daily protein ingestion results in small additional gains in LBM and lower body muscle strength gains in healthy adults enrolled in resistance exercise training. There is a slight effect on bench press strength and minimal effect performance in physical function tests. The effect on handgrip strength is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A. Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
- Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological SciencesFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Lauren Colenso‐Semple
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Sean R. McKellar
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Thomas Yau
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Muhammad Usman Ali
- McMaster Evidence Review and Synthesis CentreMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCAParisFrance
| | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris‐SaclayAgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCAParisFrance
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | | | - Michelle Braun
- International Flavors & FragrancesResearch and DevelopmentSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Stuart M. Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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Kuczmarski MF, Beydoun MA, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Intakes of Total and Branched-Chain Essential Amino Acids are Positively Associated with Handgrip Strength in African American and White Urban Younger and Older Adults. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 41:140-159. [PMID: 35502538 PMCID: PMC9733588 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2022.2070321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential amino acids (EAAs) initiate amino acid-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. Study objectives were to calculate intake of EAAs after creating an EAA database, to explore the association of EAAs and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) with handgrip strength (HS) in a younger (<50 y) and older (≥50 y) sample, and to identify major food groups contributing EAAs. The sample consisted of African American and White adults aged, 33-71 years from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, 2009-2013. Intake of total EAAs and BCAAs/kg body weight were positively associated (p < 0.001) with HS per body mass index (HS/BMI) ratio. Being male, African American, a nonsmoker, physically active, euglycemic, and normotensive were associated with higher HS/BMI ratio. EAAs were mainly obtained from red meats/poultry and mixed dishes groups. Findings support the role of high-quality proteins and being active in promoting HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, United States,Corresponding author: Ph: +1-410-995-3639; Fax: +1-410-995-3639,
| | - May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, United States
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, United States
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, United States
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Healthy Eating Index-2015 Is Associated with Grip Strength among the US Adult Population. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103358. [PMID: 34684359 PMCID: PMC8540420 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) was designed to reflect adherence to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). The study aims to examine the association between HEI-2015 and grip strength in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011-2014. Low grip strength was defined as <35.5 kg for men and <20 kg for women. HEI-2015 was computed from two days of 24-h dietary recalls and comprised 13 components. Each component was scored on the density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total score divided into quartiles. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aim while controlling for associated covariates. The sample included 9006 eligible participants, of those, 14.4% (aged 20+ years), and 24.8% (aged ≥50 years) had low grip strength. Mean (±SD) HEI-2015 total score was 54.2 ± 13.6 and in the lowest and highest quartiles 37.3 ± 5.1 and 72.0 ± 6.5, respectively. In the multivariable model, participants in the highest vs. lowest HEI-2015 quartile had 24% lower odds of having low grip strength (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60-0.96). Specifically, participants who met the DGA for protein intakes, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, or whole fruits had 20-35% lower odds of having low grip strength than those who did not. Higher compliance to the DGA might reduce the risk for low grip strength as a proxy measure for sarcopenia among U.S. adults, particularly adequate intakes of proteins, whole grains, greens and beans, vegetables, and whole fruits.
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Gaspareto N, Previdelli ÁN, Laurentino GC, de Aquino RDC. Protein Consumption: Inadequacy in Amount, Food Sources, and Mealtime Distribution in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jun S, Cowan AE, Dwyer JT, Campbell WW, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Gahche JJ, Bailey RL. Dietary Protein Intake Is Positively Associated with Appendicular Lean Mass and Handgrip Strength among Middle-Aged US Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3755-3763. [PMID: 34494110 PMCID: PMC8826630 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, can begin in the 4th decade of life. Protein intake predicts skeletal muscle mass and strength among older adults, but knowledge of similar associations among middle-aged adults is lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess associations between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass, characterized by appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI [in kg/m2 (ALMBMI)], and muscle strength, represented by handgrip strength adjusted for BMI (GSMAXBMI), among middle-aged adults. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1209 men and 1208 women aged 40-59 y in the 2011-2014 NHANES. Protein intake per kilogram actual body weight (BW), assessed by two 24-h recalls, was examined as continuous and categorical parameters [low (<RDA, 0.8 g/kg BW), moderate (≥RDA, <1.2 g/kg BW), and high (≥1.2 g/kg BW)]. ALM was measured using DXA, and GSMAX was measured using handgrip dynamometer. "Low lean mass" and "weakness" were defined using NIH criteria for ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI, respectively. Linear and logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS Among middle-aged adults, 15.6% of men and 13.4% of women had low lean mass and 3.5% of men and 2.3% of women exhibited weakness. Protein intakes per kilogram BW were positively associated with ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI among men and women after adjustment for age, race/Hispanic origin, physical activity, and self-rated health. Compared with the moderate protein group, the high protein group had a higher GSMAXBMI and the low protein group had a lower GSMAXBMI among men and women. The low protein group had a lower ALMBMI (women) and had a higher OR for low lean mass (men) compared with the moderate protein group. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intakes were associated with greater ALMBMI and GSMAXBMI in this representative sample of US middle-aged adults. Our findings highlight the need for further research on dietary protein as a potential modifying factor of sarcopenia risk in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra E Cowan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,UAB Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Kuczmarski MF, Orsega-Smith E, Mode NA, Rawal R, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Healthy Behaviors Associated with Changes in Mental and Physical Strength in Urban African American and White Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1824. [PMID: 34071874 PMCID: PMC8226642 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, adherence to healthy behaviors may improve physical and mental strength which is essential for successful aging. A plausible mechanism is the reduction of inflammation. Research on the association of risky health behaviors on change in strength with age is limited. This study examined changes in the inflammatory potential of the diet, smoking, illicit drug use with changes in strength in a racially and socioeconomically diverse adult sample from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span study. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated from 35 food components derived from multiple 24-h dietary recalls. Strength was evaluated by handgrip strength (HGS), SF-12 PCS and SF-12 MCS (physical and mental component scores). Repeated measures analyses were used to examine associations. At baseline, mean age was 48.4 ± 0.25 years, 56% of the sample were women, and 58% African American. Significant 4-way interactions were found between age, race, socioeconomic status, and DII for women, on change in HGS (p < 0.05) and in SF-12 PCS (p < 0.05) and for men, in change in SF-12 PCS (p < 0.05). Improvements in SF-12 MCS were associated with all three health behaviors as main effects. This study provided evidence that changes towards improving healthy behaviors, diet with anti-inflammatory potential, not smoking cigarettes and not using illicit drugs, were associated with improved strength. Health professionals, especially registered dietitians and health coaches, should create lifestyle interventions to reduce inflammation targeting change in more than one risky health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.A.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Elizabeth Orsega-Smith
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware 26N College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (E.O.-S.); (R.R.)
| | - Nicolle A. Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.A.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Rita Rawal
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware 26N College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, USA; (E.O.-S.); (R.R.)
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.A.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd. Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (N.A.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
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14
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Forgues C, Fortin J, Gagnon C, Brisson JD, Mathieu J, Brais B, Côté C. Nutritional Risk in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy: Beyond Dysphagia. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2021; 82:95-97. [PMID: 33876991 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2021-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To document the nutritional risk in adults with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and its association with oropharyngeal dysphagia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 33 adults with molecular confirmation of OPMD between 50 and 75 years old were recruited from the registry of a university-affiliated neuromuscular clinic. Nutritional risk was assessed with the French version of Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition II (SCREEN II), whereas the severity of dysphagia was assessed using the French-Canadian version of the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were performed with standardized procedures.Results: SCREEN II scores showed high nutritional risk for 81.8% of OPMD participants with 6 factors contributing to nutritional risk in at least 50% of the sample. Pearson's correlational analysis showed a significant moderate relationship between dysphagia and nutritional risk (r = -0.470; P = 0.006).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the nutritional risk of adults with OPMD. Our results indicate that individuals with OPMD may be at high nutritional risk mostly associated with swallowing difficulty, in the absence of a low body mass index. The present study highlights the need for dietary counseling in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Forgues
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.,Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
| | - Julie Fortin
- Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.,Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
| | - Jean-Denis Brisson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.,Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
| | - Jean Mathieu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.,Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - Claudia Côté
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC.,Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean/Neuromuscular Clinic, Saguenay, QC.,Centre de recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les innovations en santé, Longueuil, QC
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15
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Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores and probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling Iranian older adults: a cross-sectional study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e20. [PMID: 33996033 PMCID: PMC8080184 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with frailty and disability in older adults. Adherence to current dietary guidelines in addition to physical activity could prevent muscle wasting and weakness. The Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) is a tool to assess diet quality. We aimed to investigate the association between HEI scores and probable sarcopenia (PS) among older adults in Tehran. 201 randomly selected older adults were included in this cross-sectional study between May and October 2019 in Tehran, Iran. A previously validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate HEI scores and dietary intake. Handgrip strength (HGS) was measured to evaluate the PS. Statistical evaluation included descriptive analysis, logistic and linear regression. Those probably suffering from sarcopenia had significantly lower HEI scores (P=0⋅02). After adjusting for confounders, HEI scores and HGS were still significantly associated (adjusted R2=0⋅56, slope β=0⋅03, P=0⋅09). Older adults with a low PS had a higher ratio of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P= 0⋅06) and ingested less added sugars and saturated fats (P=0⋅01 and P=0⋅02, respectively). Furthermore, consuming more total protein foods correlated positively with muscle strength (P=0⋅01, R=0⋅18). To sum up, HEI scores were associated with PS, measured by HGS, indicating that adhering to the HEI might improve muscle strength in aging individuals.
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16
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Association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating style and risk of sarcopenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19339. [PMID: 33168896 PMCID: PMC7652878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between habitual intake of the “dietary approaches to stop hypertension” (DASH) eating plan and sarcopenia has received limited attention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and sarcopenia and its components including muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance among community-dwelling older adults population. This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 older people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary intake of study participants were examined by the use of a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on eight main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. All components of sarcopenia was measured using standard protocols and sarcopenia was defined based on both former and new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. Mean age and BMI of study participants were 66.7 ± 7.7 years and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Totally, 31 individuals meet the criteria of EWGSOP2-sarcopenia. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and EWGSOP2-sarcopenia either before (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.54) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.75). The same findings were obtained in the gender-stratified analyses (men: OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.39–13.29 and women: 0.75; 95% CI 0.23–2.45). In conclusion, we found that adherence to the DASH-style diet was not significantly associated with odds of sarcopenia. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
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17
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and physical fitness among older Chinese (≥60 years) individuals. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. Dietary data were collected by a simplified semi-quantitative FFQ. The 30-s Chair Stand test (30sCST), 30-s Arm Curl test (30sACT), 8-foot Time Up-and-Go test (8fTUAGT) and 6-min Walking test (6mWT) were used to assess physical fitness. Dietary patterns were obtained by factor analysis. The association between dietary patterns and physical fitness was explored by multiple logistic regression. SETTING Six communities (villages) of three districts in Liaocheng City (Shandong Province, China). PARTICIPANTS A total of 596 residents were recruited from April to May 2017. RESULTS Among 556 residents who were finally enrolled, 196 were men (35 %) and 360 were women (65 %). Three dietary patterns were identified: 'Western', 'Vegetarian' and 'Modern'. The 30sACT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Western pattern were less likely to be classified in the 'high-level' group, but men in the fourth quartile of the Vegetarian pattern were classified in the high-level group. The 6mWT revealed that men in the fourth quartile of the Modern pattern were classified in the high-level group. These associations were independent of confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the Vegetarian pattern and Modern pattern may be protective factors for maintaining good physical fitness in older Chinese individuals. The Western pattern may lead to poor physical fitness in this population.
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18
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Farina EK, Thompson LA, Knapik JJ, Pasiakos SM, Lieberman HR, McClung JP. Diet Quality Is Associated with Physical Performance and Special Forces Selection. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:178-186. [PMID: 31436735 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined associations between diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, physical performance, and successful selection following a U.S. Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection course characterized by arduous cognitive and physical demands. METHODS The HEI-2015 scores were calculated from usual diet assessed with a Block food frequency questionnaire among 782 soldiers attending Special Forces Assessment and Selection. Differences in HEI-2015 scores according to demographics and physical performance were determined with analysis of variance. Differences in likelihood of selection according to HEI-2015 scores were determined with logistic regression. Models were adjusted for potential confounders: age, education, body mass index (BMI), duration and type of resistance training, and smoking. RESULTS The HEI-2015 total score was higher among older soldiers (≥25 yr), those with more education (≥some college), higher body mass index (≥25), longer duration of resistance training (≥400 min·wk), those that reported use of free weights, suspension training, Olympic lifting, and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The HEI-2015 total score was higher among those with higher Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) total scores, APFT sit-up score, APFT run score, and faster loaded road march times (P < 0.05). Those with higher HEI-2015 total scores were 75% (quartile 3 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.81) and 65% (quartile 4 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.65) more likely to be selected. Higher scores for total vegetables, greens and beans, seafood and plant protein, and refined grains, but lower sodium scores (indicating more sodium consumed), were associated with better physical performance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns that conform to federal dietary guidelines (except sodium) are associated with physical performance and Special Forces selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Lauren A Thompson
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | | | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - James P McClung
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
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19
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Robinson S, Granic A, Sayer AA. Nutrition and Muscle Strength, As the Key Component of Sarcopenia: An Overview of Current Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122942. [PMID: 31817048 PMCID: PMC6950468 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Much has been achieved by recent research to increase understanding of the links between nutrition and muscle health. Focusing on muscle strength as the key component of sarcopenia, the aim of this overview was to evaluate its links to nutrition, both to variation in habitual diets in older populations, as well as considering supplementation effects in trials. A main message from the reviewed studies is that while many provide suggestive evidence of benefits of higher nutrient intakes and diets of higher quality, findings are inconsistent, and data on muscle strength are often lacking. To assess the potential of optimising diets as a strategy to promote and maintain muscle strength, gaps in current evidence need to be addressed. These include the need for (i) better understanding of individual differences in responsiveness to dietary change, and the need for targeted nutritional support; (ii) clearer distinction between protective and therapeutic actions of diet; and (iii) definition of the role of dietary patterns and their influence on muscle strength, to allow effects of changes in food consumption to be evaluated—particularly when combined with physical activity. Development of this evidence is needed to enable translation into appropriate dietary recommendations for older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0-191-208-6000
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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20
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Lee S. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Handgrip Strength: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2016. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:488-494. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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21
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Kim H, Kwon O. Higher Diet Quality is Associated with Lower Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in the Korean Elderly Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1487. [PMID: 31261920 PMCID: PMC6683249 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nutrients or food groups have been associated with physical performance. However, little is known about the association of overall diet quality with hand grip strength (HGS), a predictive parameter in the prognosis of chronic disease morbidity and mortality, or quality of life. This study examined the association between HGS and three indices-the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-using data obtained on Korean elderly persons aged ≥65 years (n = 3675) from a nationally representative database. The cross-sectional data was collected as part of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2014-2016). Dietary intake data from the 24-h recall method were used to calculate diet quality scores. The cutoff value for low HGS was defined as the value corresponding to the lowest 20th percentile of HGS of the study population (men, 28.6 kg; women, 16.5 kg). Higher index scores for diet quality were associated with 32%-53% lower odds of low HGS. Better overall diet quality may be associated with higher HGS in the elderly Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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22
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Marini ACB, Motobu RD, Freitas ATV, Laviano A, Pichard C, Pimentel GD. Total protein or leucine intakes are not associated with handgrip strength in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 33:290-293. [PMID: 31451270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inadequate protein intake is associated with lean body mass (LBM) loss. However, it is unclear whether high protein diet and leucine intake are associated with handgrip strength (HGS), a validated marker of muscle function. This study aims to: i) assess the prevalence of patients with low HGS; and ii) verify if HGS is correlated with high protein diet and leucine consumption in hemodialysis patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study analysed patients at two center hemodialysis (HD) clinic and sixty-two patients aged ∼39 years with length of time on HD ∼60 months undergoing HD was carried out. Body weight (kg), LBM (kg) and body fat mass (%) assessments were performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and height (m) through portable stadiometer. Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) was calculated using the body weight and height. HGS (kg) was measured using a hydraulic dynamometer. Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression were done to test the hypothesis. RESULTS Out of 62 patients, 47 (75.8%) presented low HGS. In addition, no correlation was found between protein intake (if in percentage or g/kg/d) and HGS (r = 0.07, p = 0.58; r = -0.04, p = 0.70, respectively). Although there is a low correlation among leucine intake (g/d) and HGS (r = 0.39, p = 0.01), low HGS was not associated with leucine intake in the crude model (OR: 0.86 95%CI(0.60-1.24) p = 0.441), nor after adjustment for age, sex and BMI (OR: 0.84 95%CI(0.56-1.26), p = 0.422). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 75% of patients undergoing hemodialysis presented low HGS. Additionally, neither a high protein diet nor leucine intake was associated with the HGS values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C B Marini
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Reika D Motobu
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana T V Freitas
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claude Pichard
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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23
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Tak YJ, Lee JG, Yi YH, Kim YJ, Lee S, Cho BM, Cho YH. Association of Handgrip Strength with Dietary Intake in the Korean Population: Findings Based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1), 2016. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091180. [PMID: 30154371 PMCID: PMC6165190 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and dietary nutrients, this study of a representative Korean population of 1553 adults aged ≥60 years (706 men and 847 women) analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016). HGS was measured in both hands three times using a digital grip strength dynamometer. Dietary intake data were collected by the 24-h recall method through computer-assisted personal interviews. The study population had a mean age of 70.1 years, body mass index (BMI) of 24.2 kg/m2, and HGS of 35.7 kg in men, 21.2 kg in women. Total energy (r = 0.411), protein (r = 0.217), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (r = 0.269), fiber (r = 0.272), and vitamin C (r = 0.098) were positively correlated with HGS. In multivariable regression analysis, PUFA (β = 0.083) and vitamin C (β = 0.003) were positively associated with HGS among women. Fiber (β = 0.071) and vitamin C (β = 0.006) showed a positive association with HGS among men. Community-dwelling older men and women with higher levels of PUFA, fiber, and vitamin C in their diet were more likely to have greater HGS even after adjusting for age, total calorie intake, BMI, chronic diseases and health-related habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea.
| | - Yu Hyeon Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea.
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
| | - Sangyeoup Lee
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
| | - Byung Mann Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Occupational Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
| | - Young Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
- Family Medicine Clinic, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea.
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