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Shohana NN, Dey AR, Rony SA, Akter S, Karmakar BC, Alam MZ. Comparison of the first time detected Oesophagostomum asperum with Oesophagostomum columbianum in sheep and goats in Bangladesh based on the trinity: Morphology, morphometry and genetic diversity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103980. [PMID: 38500816 PMCID: PMC10945262 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Oesophagostomum spp. (Family: Chabertiidae) is keeping a low profile in terms of severity in Bangladesh while maintaining economic loss through disguise within sheep and goats. The study was performed to identify prevalence, confirmation of species through morphology and morphometry followed by phylogeny using ITS2 and COX1 genes. In total 384 slaughterhouse-sourced small and large intestines were pooled from Mymensingh, Kishoreganj, Netrokona, Sherpur and Tangail districts of Mymensingh division. Followed by isolation, O. columbianum and O. asperum were identified following their key morphological features. Notably, O. asperum was first time detected in Bangladesh. The overall prevalence of Oesophagostomum spp. was found 60.93%. The prevalence of O. columbianum (64.95%) was almost double than that of O. asperum (35.04%). Among several characters, only the distance between anus to tail tip showed a significant morphological disparity in female. The Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenic trees based on ITS2 and COX1 genes confirmed the study species. The first time identified O. asperum along with morphometry and phylogeny will add value to the fact that nematodes are invisibly present with high prevalence in this country. This study will help to draw specific attention to command a practical control strategy for intervening in economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nowrin Shohana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Akter
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Bimal Chandra Karmakar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Krishnamoorthy P, Lakshmi HK, Jacob SS, Suresh KP, Patil SS. Dairy cattle and buffaloes harbouring gastrointestinal parasites in various zones and climatic regions established by scientometrics. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 47:100966. [PMID: 38199702 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in cattle and buffaloes from different zones and climatic regions in India was determined by scientometrics. The GIP prevalence studies (64) described during 2004-2021 were retrieved from online databases, and offline literature and meta-analyses were conducted by meta package in R-Software. The GIP prevalence in India was 47% (95% level CI 41-54%, PI 12-85%) in cattle, 42% (95% level CI 35-50%, PI 9-84%) in buffaloes and 45% (95% level CI 40-51%, PI 12-84%) in cattle and buffaloes obtained from 40,884, 27,624 and 74,579 samples, respectively. The GIP prevalence was higher in the South zone (60%) for cattle, North zone (52%) for both buffaloes, and cattle and buffaloes. A higher GIP prevalence was observed in Tamil Nadu for cattle, Chhattisgarh and Tamil Nadu for buffaloes, and Karnataka for cattle and buffaloes. Prevalence of Ostertagia spp. in cattle, Buxtonella spp. in buffaloes, and Haemonchus spp. in cattle and buffaloes were higher among parasitic species. The polar and Semi-Arid Steppe climatic region harbours more GIP than other regions. Thus, the higher prevalence zones, states, sample types, parasite classes, parasitic species, and climatic regions identified in the present study may be used by policymakers for making informed decisions and effectively using scarce resources. However, there is a need to prevent GIP infections by implementing scientific managemental practices in dairy farms, rotational use of anthelmintic drugs, appropriate control, and preventive measures, which will result in beneficial dairy farming in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramanandham Krishnamoorthy
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India.
| | - Hosagavi Keshava Lakshmi
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Kuralayanapalya Puttahonappa Suresh
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Sharanagouda Siddanagouda Patil
- Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
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An Epidemiological Investigation and Drug-Resistant Strain Isolation of Nematodirus oiratianus in Sheep in Inner Mongolia, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010030. [PMID: 36611640 PMCID: PMC9817721 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodirus causes major economic losses in the development of the livestock industry, as they are common gastrointestinal parasites of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. The present study investigated Nematodirus infections in sheep in the Hulunbuir and Xilingol Grasslands, two well-known natural pastures in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the average infection rate was more than 50%. Furthermore, a naturally occurring strain of Nematodirus was obtained using numerous isolation methods in the survey region. Conventional morphology and molecular biology were used to identify the strain. The larval migration inhibition test was used to determine the ivermectin level in the isolated strain. The results indicated that the larvae belonged to the species Nematodirus oiratianus. The strain was found to be ivermectin-resistant. Thus, these results recorded the detailed development processes of Nematodirus eggs, providing novel insights regarding the prevention and control of nematodes by using conventional anthelmintic regimens and by offering valuable species resources for studying anthelmintic resistance in nematodes.
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Prevalences and Characteristics of Trichuris Spp. Infection in Sheep in Pastoral Areas of the Tianshan, Xinjiang, China. J Vet Res 2022; 66:591-597. [PMID: 36846028 PMCID: PMC9944990 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nematodes of the Trichuris genus are commonly reported parasites that can cause trichuriasis in many animals, which leads to inflammation, intestinal bleeding and reductions of productivity in livestock. Knowledge of the prevalence of Trichuris infestation in the Tianshan ovine population and of the nematode species parasitising the population is not exhaustive, and this study aimed to expand the knowledge. Material and Methods A total of 1,216 sheep slaughtered in five pasture areas in the Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang were investigated and a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene was performed to clarify the genetic relationships of the various Trichuris species. Results Sheep totalling 1,047 were infected with Trichuris spp. establishing the rate at 86.1%. Using a morphological protocol, six documented and one undefined species were identified, namely T. gazellae, T. lani, T. ovina, T. longispiculus, T. concolor, T. discolor and Trichuris sp. Among them, T. gazellae and T. lani were the dominant species, accounting for 34.5% and 31.0% of Trichuris spp., respectively. Phylogenetic analysis divided the detected species of Trichuris spp. into two genetic clades (clade I and clade II). The six documented species that can infect sheep and the undefined species were clustered into clade I, with inter- and intra-species genetic diversity apparent. Conclusion This survey described in detail the morphological characteristics of six known and one undefined species of Trichuris, which not only enriched the taxonomic information on record regarding Trichuris spp., but also provided valuable epidemiological data for the prevention and control of trichuriasis in sheep.
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Thapa B, Parajuli RP, Dhakal P. Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal parasites in stray cattle of the Kathmandu Valley. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:845-853. [PMID: 36091270 PMCID: PMC9458840 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are common among cattle resulting severe infection. Prevalence of GIPs in stray street cattle may pose risk of dissemination of parasites of zoonotic importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of GIPs in stray cattle of the Kathmandu valley. One hundred (n = 100) freshly voided dung samples were collected from eight sites. The samples were processed using the concentration method for microscopic examination, and modified McMaster technique for quantification of mean eggs/oocysts per gram of feces (EPG/OPG). Results revealed that 72% of the cattle were found positive for one or more species of GIPs and nine genera of GIPs were recorded (Eimeria, Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Capillaria, Trichuris, Toxocara, Fasciola and Paramphistomum). The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in males (73.68%) than in females (69.76%). The prevalence was found to be highest in adults (63.89%) followed by heifers or steers (27.78%) and calves (8.33%). Approximately, 76% of the cross breed and 65% of the local breed of cattle were positive for parasitic infection. The parasites differed both in prevalence and intensity. Eimeria sp. was the most prevalent (27%) species and had the highest intensity (858.02 OPG ± 63.46 SD). To our knowledge, this is the first research of its kind in relation to stray cattle in Nepal. Our findings reveal that there is a burden of helminth infections of zoonotic and socioeconomic importance in straycattle. Therefore, we recommend regular inspection of stray cattle and relevant preventive measures be put in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan Thapa
- Central Department of Zoology (CDZ), Institute of Science and Technology (IoST), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajendra Prasad Parajuli
- Central Department of Zoology (CDZ), Institute of Science and Technology (IoST), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pitambar Dhakal
- Central Department of Zoology (CDZ), Institute of Science and Technology (IoST), Tribhuvan University (TU), Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Gastrointestinal nematode and Eimeria spp. infections in dairy cattle along a rural-urban gradient. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 25:100600. [PMID: 34474793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoparasite infections can lead to considerable economic losses in dairy cattle due to decreases in milk yield and quality. Environmental and host-related factors contribute to endoparasite infection intensity and probability. Moreover, advancing urbanization influences parasite infection dynamics in livestock due to close human-animal cohabitation and changes in animal housing conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate social-ecological effects on gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) and Eimeria spp. infections in dairy cattle along a rural-urban gradient in the emerging Indian megacity Bangalore. In this regard, 726 faecal samples from 441 dairy cattle of different ages and physiological stages were collected from 101 farms and examined at three visits between June 2017 and April 2018. Based on a survey stratification index (SSI) comprising built-up density and distance to the city center, we assigned the farms to urban, mixed and rural areas. GIN eggs were identified in the faeces of 243 cattle (33.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1-36.9%), and Eimeria spp. oocysts in the faeces of 151 cattle (20.8%; 95% CI: 17.9-23.7%). Co-infection rates of GIN and Eimeria spp. were 8.5 to 12.2% higher in rural compared to urban and mixed areas. The SSI effect significantly influenced Eimeria spp. infection probability and oocyst per gram of faeces (OpG; P < 0.001) with an infection probability and OpG higher than 26% and 40% for cattle kept in rural areas compared to cattle from urban areas. However, the SSI effect was not significant for the infection probability of GIN and for GIN eggs per gram of faeces (EpG). Infection probabilities and EpG/OpG were significantly higher in calves and heifers compared to lactating and dry cows. Moreover, we estimated significantly lower OpG values in summer compared to the other seasons. No differences were estimated for GIN and Eimeria spp. infection probabilities and EpG/OpG with regard to pasture access and breed. The variations in endoparasite infection intensity and probability observed along the rural-urban gradient of Bangalore reflect the variability in dairy husbandry systems governed by the social-ecological context.
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Utaaker KS, Chaudhary S, Kifleyohannes T, Robertson LJ. Global Goat! Is the Expanding Goat Population an Important Reservoir of Cryptosporidium? Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:648500. [PMID: 33748221 PMCID: PMC7977713 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.648500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats are a primary or additional income source for many families in resource-poor areas. Although often considered inferior to other livestock, the resilience of goats and their ability to thrive in a range of environments means that that they are of particular value. Furthermore, goats emit less methane than other livestock species. In these same areas, it is well-documented that cryptosporidiosis has a substantial impact on infant morbidity and mortality, as well as reducing child growth and development. As Cryptosporidium also causes diarrheal disease in goats, the question arises whether goats may represent a reservoir of infection to humans. Epidemiological studies regarding the potential for transmission of Cryptosporidium between goats and humans have largely concluded that Cryptosporidium species infecting goats are not zoonotic. However, these studies are mostly from developed countries, where goat husbandry is smaller, management routines differ greatly from those of developing countries, contact between goats and their owners is more limited, and cryptosporidiosis has less impact on human health. In this article, background information on goat husbandry in different countries is provided, along with information on Cryptosporidium prevalence among goats, at both the species and sub-species levels, and the potential for zoonotic transmission. The intention is to indicate data gaps that should be filled and to increase awareness of the role of goats as providers for low-income families, often living in areas where cryptosporidiosis is endemic and where appropriate baseline interventions could have a positive impact, regardless of species of goat or parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes
- Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Veterinary Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Lucy Jane Robertson
- Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Dey AR, Begum N, Alim MA, Malakar S, Islam MT, Alam MZ. Gastro-intestinal nematodes in goats in Bangladesh: A large-scale epidemiological study on the prevalence and risk factors. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 9:e00146. [PMID: 32322695 PMCID: PMC7171516 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goats greatly influence the economic sustainability of rural communities. However, parasitic diseases, especially gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a major constraint on profitable small ruminants' production worldwide. During July- 2015 to June- 2016, we conducted a cross sectional study within seven topographic zones of Bangladesh to explore the level of infection and associated risk factors of GINs infections of goats. The study followed standard flotation and modified McMaster techniques. Among 1998 samples from goats; 1241 (62.1%) were found to be infected with one or more species of GINs by fecal examination for nematode eggs. The identified nematodes were strongyles (51.9%), Strongyloides sp. (19.0%) and Trichuris spp. (2.9%). By coproculture, we identified Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Bunostomum spp. in the different topographic zones. According to univariate analysis; young age, other breed than Black Bengal, animals in poor condition, backyard rearing system, muddy housing, illiterate farmers and rainy season were found significantly associated with GINs infections. Besides, other breed than Black Bengal, animals in poor condition, backyard rearing system, muddy housing and illiterate farmers were identified as the risk factors of GINs infections in goats. This is the first detailed epidemiological investigation of GINs of goats in Bangladesh. The epidemiological findings are expected to help formulate effective control strategies against GINs infections in goats by improving health status of animals, management system and education level of the farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurjahan Begum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Subrota Malakar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taohidul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Dey AR, Begum N, Anisuzzaman, Alim MA, Alam MZ. Multiple anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Bangladesh. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102105. [PMID: 32179135 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of sheep and goats is a global concern. To address the problem, this study assessed the status of AR in different government and private sheep and goat farms in Bangladesh. We conducted fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and Egg hatch assay (EHA) experiments. For the detection of resistant larvae, pooled fecal samples from treated and non-treated groups were subjected to coproculture. Furthermore, 195 adult Haemonchus parasites were genotyped to ascertain benzimidazole (BZ) resistance allele from seven topographic zones of Bangladesh using allele specific PCR (AS-PCR). In FECRT, the percentage reduction along with 95% confidence intervals indicated that GINs were resistant to albendazole (ABZ), levamisole (LEV) and ivermectin (IVM). Coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp., Oesophagostomum spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. were resistant to anthelmintics. ABZ resistance was also confirmed by in vitro EHA in all the farms except the private goat farm in Mymensingh. The genotype frequencies were 6% for homozygous resistant (rr), 59% for heterozygous (rS) and 35% for homozygous susceptible (SS) among different topographic zones. The allelic frequency of the mutation conferring resistance (r) ranged from 25% to 47% signifying resistance to BZ in nematodes of sheep/goats. The genotype frequencies (rr, rS and SS) and allelic frequencies (r and S) varied significantly (p˂0.05) in different zones in Bangladesh. Overall, the data suggest an alarming condition created by multiple AR in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurjahan Begum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Ahmed A, Ijaz M, Ayyub RM, Ghaffar A, Ghauri HN, Aziz MU, Ali S, Altaf M, Awais M, Naveed M, Nawab Y, Javed MU. Balantidium coli in domestic animals: An emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105298. [PMID: 31837314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Balantidium coli (B. coli) is an emerging ciliated protozoan parasite of zoonotic importance which causes a disease balantidiasis in a variety of host species including pigs, camels, ruminants, equines and even human. This disease has a cosmopolitan distribution with high prevalence rates in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to favorable geo-climatic conditions for the development and survival of the parasite in these regions. Main reservoir hosts for this pathogen are pigs and animals; acquire infection mainly by the ingestion of the food or water contaminated with the porcine feces. The infected animal manifests clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, profuse watery diarrhea and retarded growth. Wet mount slide prepared from intestinal scrapings and fecal material is used for the identification of trophozoites and cysts stages of this parasite. PCR can also be used to confirm the parasite. Secnidazole, oxytetracycline and metronidazole have varying efficacy against B. coli infection in various domestic animal species. There is no comprehensive literature available on the occurrence and distribution of the infection at international level. Therefore, the published data between 1989 and 2019 regarding this disease is critically analyzed to provide a detailed overview on this pathogen with special emphasis on geographical distribution of B. coli in domestic animals and different therapeutic agents used to treat this infection. This review will pinpoint the endemic regions which may be a source of potential disease outbreaks and will also help in application of more effectual control strategies against balantidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Muhammad Ayyub
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Nayyar Ghauri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Aziz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Parasitology, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Sharma A, Schuetze C, Phillips CJ. The Management of Cow Shelters (Gaushalas) in India, Including the Attitudes of Shelter Managers to Cow Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020211. [PMID: 32012807 PMCID: PMC7070297 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sheltering of old, unproductive and abandoned cows in traditional cow shelters (gaushalas) is an ancient practice in India. Cows are venerated as mother goddesses by the Hindu majority population of the country and their slaughter is illegal in most states. Shelters are funded by the public, businesses, including corporate philanthropy, charitable societies, temple trusts and government. The manager of the shelter provides an interface between visitors, workers and cattle and is best able to understand the challenges of running shelters. The objective of this study was to collect and analyze information about the routine operations of the shelters and elicit managers’ attitudes towards cows and cow welfare. We visited 54 shelters, which admitted cattle all year, vaccinated them against endemic diseases and dewormed them. Limited biosecurity measures and erratic waste disposal raise concerns about public health. All the managers felt that the welfare of cows in their respective shelters was important and should be improved, but they were less certain that their knowledge of animal welfare was adequate. There was more recognition of local community support than government support and both were acknowledged to be more moral than financial support. Engagement and training of shelter managers as vital stakeholders in welfare improvement processes will enhance the sustainability of these traditional institutions. Abstract Gaushala management is a specialized profession requiring particular skills relating to the management of cow shelters or gaushalas, which are traditional and ancient Indian institutions that shelter old, unproductive and abandoned cows, The 1800 registered cow shelters in India have managers who are important stakeholders in the management of cows in these unique institutions. It is important to survey the routine management of these shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare to identify the constraints and welfare issues. We visited 54 shelters in six states of India for a face-to-face structured interview of the managers. Quantitative data collection included questions on demographics, routine management operations, protocols followed in the shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare. All shelters except one were managed by males, half of them were in the age range of 45–65 years, were university graduates or post-graduates, with 5–15 years shelter management experience, and with the majority having lived in rural areas for most of their lives. Each shelter housed a median of 232 cattle were housed, out of which 13 were lactating cows. The majority of managers vaccinated their animals against endemic diseases like foot and mouth disease, haemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter (gangraena emphysematosa) and administered endo-and ectoparasiticidal treatments, however, hardly any screened the cattle for brucellosis and tuberculosis. Only 17% of the shelters had in house veterinarians and most cows died of old age, with an annual mortality rate of 14%. The majority of the shelters allowed the cows to reproduce. Access to pasture was available in only 41% of the shelters, while most allowed some access to yards. Most (57%) had limited biosecurity measures, but 82% of the shelters disposed of the carcasses by deep burial on their own premises or through the municipality, with 18% disposing of them in open spaces or nearby creeks. About one half of the shelters maintained records of the protocols followed routinely. Charitable societies ran half of the shelters, mostly through public donations, with accounts audited regularly. Most managers thought that shelter cows’ welfare was important and that they should attempt to improve it. They were less in agreement that their knowledge of animal welfare was adequate. Local support, more moral than financial, was recognized more than government support. Managers perceived cow welfare as important from a religious perspective, citing the mother god and caring for abandoned animals as frequent themes in their definition of cow welfare. Caring for animals, mother and goddess were key elements in managers’ perception of animal welfare. The recommendations arising from this survey include that the shelter managers should be involved in the decision-making process for the welfare of cows in shelters, which is vital for the sustainability of these unique institutions. Welfare could be improved by strict compliance with biosecurity measures and disease surveillance protocols, avoidance of unrestricted reproduction in cows and separation of males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Sharma
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus 4343, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-472-622-438
| | - Catherine Schuetze
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
| | - Clive J.C. Phillips
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus 4343, Australia;
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Ghimire TR, Bhattarai N. A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats in a goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:686-695. [PMID: 31749541 PMCID: PMC6841857 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats are predominant around the world. They may be the underlying cause of the pathological and immunological consequences leading to significant economic losses of the goat industry. The main aim of the current research was to reveal the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoa, trematodes, and nematodes in the fecal samples of goats in the goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 400 goat fecal specimens were purposively collected from the goat market, and they were processed by direct wet mount, sedimentation, floatation techniques, and acid-fast staining, and were observed under the compound microscope. Out of a total 400 fecal samples, 349 (87.25%) were found to be infected with GI parasites among which Eimeria (80.75%), Strongyle (59.25%), Trichuris (29.75%), Strongyloides (28.75%), Moniezia (21.75%), Entamoeba (20%), Fasciola (10.25%), Balantidium (7.75%), Cryptosporidium (4%), Capillaria (1.75%), Trichomonas (1.25%), Ascaris (1.0%), Cyclospora (1%), Blastocystis (0.75%), Giardia (0.5%), and Paramphistomum (0.5%) were reported. GI parasites like protozoa and helminthes were widely distributed in the goats brought for the meat purposes in Kathmandu Valley, showing a high proportion of the goats were having higher risks of morbidity and mortality around the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Raj Ghimire
- Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Namita Bhattarai
- Biotechnology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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THAKRE BHUPENDRAKUMAR, KUMAR BINOD, BRAHMBHATT NILIMA, PARMAR VIJAYL, PATEL JAYESH, DAMOR JAYENDRA, GAMIT KRISHNA, PATEL JEEMIA. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle and buffaloes in southwestern region of Gujarat, India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i7.92022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted on cattle and buffaloes in western region of Gujarat to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) infection in it. Coprological examination revealed, higher incidence of GIPs infections in cattle compared to buffaloes. Overall, incidence of parasitic infections in both cattle and buffaloes was recorded highest for protozoan parasites followed by nematode, trematode and least for cestode. Age wise, the highest incidence of GI parasitic infections was recorded in up to 2 years age group followed by 2–5 years aged and lowest in above 5 years aged animals. Significantly, higher prevalence of GI parasites was recorded in female cattle and buffaloes compared to male. Seasonally, significantly higher percentage of GI parasitic infections was recorded in monsoon followed by winter compared to summer. Similarly, breed wise, significantly higher infection of GI parasites was recorded in Gir cattle compared to Jaffrabadi buffaloes.
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SHAH MM, SHAHARDAR RA, MAQBOOL I, ALLAIE IM, WANI ZA. Prevalence of GI helminths of cattle in low lying and marshy areas of Kashmir valley. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i4.89087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths in cattle of low lying and marshy areas of Kashmir valley over a period of one year. The qualitative faecal examination of 885 samples revealed an overall prevalence of GI helminths to the tune of 37.06% comprising 7.80% trematodes, 4.29% cestodes and 31.98% nematodes. Prevalence of paramphistomes (7.34%) was more than that of Fasciola spp (0.45%). Among cestodes, the only genus reported was Moniezia spp (4.29%). In nematodes, maximum prevalence was observed for strongyle worms (31.19%) followed by Strongyloides spp. (1.24%) and Trichuris spp (0.57%). Seasonal variation of GI helminths revealed significantly highest prevalence in autumn (50%) followed by spring (41.62%), summer (33.99%) and winter (25.50%). Overall prevalence of GI helminths was significantly higher in young cattle (64.62%) than adults (32.32%). Significantly higher prevalence of GI helminths was observed in males (50.53%) as compared to females (35.44%). Mean intensity of GI nematodes ranged from 0 to 350 with an average of 177.41±28.25 eggs per gram (EPG). Significantly highest mean intensity of GI nematodes was found in summer (173.61±46.70) followed by spring (148.88±56.70), autumn (113±11.34) and winter (95.83±33.24). Mean EPG in young cattle (192.71±27.20) was significantly higher than that of adults (162.11±29.30). Sex had non-significant influence on intensity of GI nematodes. On the basis of above study, it can be concluded that the prophylactic dosing of cattle against trematodes should be done during late autumn and late winter or early spring. Similarly prophylactic de-worming of animals in mid-autumn, mid-spring and mid-summer shall be useful in preventing production losses. However, it will be better to use broad spectrum drug which is effective against trematodes, cestodes as well as nematodes to avoid frequent dosing.
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Dey AR, Zhang Z, Begum N, Alim MA, Hu M, Alam MZ. Genetic diversity patterns of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep and goats in Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 68:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Islam A, Islam S, Ferdous J, Rahman MK, Uddin MH, Akter S, Rahman MH, Hassan MM. Diversity and prevalence of parasitic infestation with zoonotic potential in dromedary camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba) in Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:142-147. [PMID: 31453183 PMCID: PMC6702934 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parasitic infestation is a major cause of losses in livestock production in tropical regions. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba), and the prevalence of hemoparasites in camel from Dhaka, Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 87 fecal samples (32 dhumba and 55 camel) and 55 camel blood samples were collected during September-October 2015. Fecal samples were examined by direct smear, sedimentation method, flotation technique, and McMaster technique for GI parasite. Giemsa stained blood smears were examined under microscope for hemoparasite detection. RESULTS 62% camel (n = 34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 47.7-74.6) were infected with at least one genus of parasite. 15% camel were harboring more than one genus of parasite. The prevalence of GI parasite and hemoparasite in camel were recorded as Trichuris spp. (n = 16; 29%; 95% CI: 17.6-42.9), Balantidium coli (n = 12; 22%; 95% CI: 11.8-35.0), Trichostrongylus spp. (n = 7; 13%; 95% CI: 5.3-24.5), Strongyloides spp. (n = 5; 9%; 95% CI: 3.0-20.0), Anaplasma spp. (n = 5; 9%; 95% CI: 3.02-20.0), Paragonimus spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Schistosoma spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Hymenolepis spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Moniezia spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), and Babesia spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7). Mean EPG feces of camel was 291.76 ± 42.03 with a range of 0-1,400. Total 59.4% dhumba (n = 19; 95% CI: 41-76) were positive for GI parasite, including Trichostrongylus spp. (n = 10; 31.3%; 95% CI: 16.1-50), Strongyloides spp. (n = 9; 28%; 95% CI: 13.8-46.8), B. coli (n = 5; 15.6%; 95% CI: 5.3-32.8), and Trichuris spp. (n = 4; 12.5%; 95% CI: 3.5-28.9). CONCLUSIONS High percentage of parasitic infestation in camel and dhumba in the present study refers to the necessity of use of anthelmintic for health and production improvement and to prevent zoonotic parasite transmission to animal handler and workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shariful Islam
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jinnat Ferdous
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kaisar Rahman
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Helal Uddin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Sazeda Akter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hafizar Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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Jian YN, Wang GP, Li XP, Zhang XY, Ma LQ. The First Case of Diarrhoea in Tibetan Sheep, Ovis aries, Caused by Balantidium coli in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:603-607. [PMID: 30630282 PMCID: PMC6327202 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80–180×70–150 μm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Na Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining City, 810016, Qinghai Province, P. R. China
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Tan L, Wang A, Yi J, Liu Y, Li J, Liu W. Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analyses of Trichuris suis in Pigs in Hunan Province, Subtropical China. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 56:495-500. [PMID: 30419736 PMCID: PMC6243179 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichuris suis infection in pigs is ubiquitous in intensive and extensive farms, which causes potential threat to human health. The objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province. Total 2,267 fresh fecal samples distributed in 28 pig farms from 7 different administrative regions (Hunan province) were evaluated for the existence of T. suis eggs using saturated NaCl floating method. The average infection rate of T. suis in pigs was 8.91% in Hunan province. To determine genetic variation of the gained T. suis isolates in the present study, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions from nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 7 T. suis isolates were cloned and analyzed. Nucleotide diversities were 1.0–3.5% and 0–3.8% for ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all isolates collected in the present study and T. suis available in Genbank generated a monophyletic clade. The present investigation revealed high infection rates of T. suis in pigs in Hunan province, which shed light on making effective measures to prevent and control T. suis infection in pigs in Hunan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, P.R., China.,Lab of Animal Models and Functional Genomics (LAMFG), The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R., China.,R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, P.R., China
| | - Aibing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, P.R., China.,Lab of Animal Models and Functional Genomics (LAMFG), The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R., China.,R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, P.R., China
| | - Jing Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, P.R., China
| | - Yisong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, P.R., China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, P.R., China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, P.R., China.,Lab of Animal Models and Functional Genomics (LAMFG), The Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine & Protein Engineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, Hunan, 410128, P.R., China.,R & D Center for Animal Reverse Vaccinology of Hunan Province, P.R., China
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Cross-sectional prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in cattle in Lira District, Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1599-1604. [PMID: 29704091 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasite infections and associated risk factors was studied in traditionally reared East African short-horned zebu cattle in Lira District, Uganda. Fecal samples were collected from 205 cattle and coprologically examined for the presence of helminth parasites using the simple salt flotation method complemented with the sedimentation method. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites (GITPs) in cattle in Adekokwok, Lira District, was 32.2%. Of these, 12 (18.18%) were cases of mixed infections mainly of Amphistomes and other GITPs. Paramphistomum was the most prevalent parasite contributing up to 45.5% of infections, followed by Fasciola, Toxocara, strongyles, Trichuris, and Nematodirus, in descending order of abundance. GITP infections were not influenced by the sex of cattle, while infection with Toxocara was associated with cattle age. The mean body condition score (BCS) for all animals studied was 2.37 ± 0.07. A low BCS was associated with gastrointestinal helminth infections. Nevertheless, other factors such as nutritional stress are likely to augment the effects of parasites in the traditional agro-pastoral system particularly in the dry season and should therefore be considered when using the cattle body condition as an indicator of parasitism.
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Renwal KK, Gupta A, Kumar N, Pilania PK, Manohar GS. Prevalence and risk assessment of gastrointestinal helminthoses in dairy animals of Bikaner, Rajasthan. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:557-561. [PMID: 28615878 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 715 faecal sampleswere collected fromdairy animals ofeight tehsils ofBikaner district, Rajasthan during March 2015 to January 2016. An overall prevalence rate of 54.12 % was recorded for gastrointestinal helminthoses with highly statistical difference among dairy animals (p < 0.01). Quantitative analysis revealed mild to high severity of strongyle and Strongyloides sp. infections in cattle population, respectively whereas, mild severities of same infections were reported from the buffalo population of the region. Seasonal analysis revealed a non-significant difference with highest prevalence in rainy season (59.18 %). The tehsil wise analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) among tehsils with highest prevalence in Chhatargarh (69.70 %). Multivariate binary regression model revealed rainy season as the most favorable season and Chattargarh as the tehsil with maximum risk for GI helminth infections.On coproculture of positive samples, the nematode infections in decreasing order of prevalence were Haemonchus sp. (36.33 %); Oesophagostomum sp. (26.33 %); Strongyloides sp. (13.67 %); Trichostrongylus sp. (11.67 %); Bunostomum sp. (7.33 %) and Cooperia sp. (4.67 %). Thebaseline data on the prevalence of various GI Helminths of dairy animals generated in the current study would be of immense help in formulating control strategies against infections inBikaner district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Renwal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - P K Pilania
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
| | - G S Manohar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, 334001 India
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Ojeda-Robertos NF, Torres-Chablé OM, Peralta-Torres JA, Luna-Palomera C, Aguilar-Cabrales A, Chay-Canul AJ, González-Garduño R, Machain-Williams C, Cámara-Sarmiento R. Study of gastrointestinal parasites in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reared under Mexican humid tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:613-618. [PMID: 28161847 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites (GP) genera affecting water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reared under humid tropical conditions of Mexico. Three hundred eighty-three Munrah breed water buffalo were included, 251 adult females and 132 calves. Feces were directly collected form the rectum of the animals and processed by the McMaster technique. Coprocultures were made to identify the genera of the nematodes. The frequency of GP in B. bubalis was 42%, independently of their age, 60% of calves resulted parasitized. Age had a strong association with the presence of GP (Xi2 = 77.4014, d.f. = 1, p = 0.001). The family Trichostrongylidae was found in both age groups. The genera identified were Strongyloides sp. (47.2%), Cooperia sp. (33.9%), and Haemonchus sp. (10.4%), as well as Eimeria sp., Moniezia sp., Trichuris sp., and Strongyloides sp. The highest parasite burden corresponded to the genus Strongyloides sp. with 1108.9 EPG. There is a need to carry out further studies in order to know the prevalence and incidence of nematode affecting to B. bubalis as an introduced animal species to Mexican tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Luna-Palomera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Aguilar Aguilar-Cabrales
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Juventino Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Machain-Williams
- Centro regional de Investigaciones "Dr Hideyo Noguchi" Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ramón Cámara-Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Yin DM, Lv CC, Tan L, Zhang TN, Yang CZ, Liu Y, Liu W. Prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in sows in Hunan province, subtropical China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:1637-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kumar B, Maharana BR, Prasad A, Joseph JP, Patel B, Patel JS. Seasonal incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines of south western Gujarat (Junagadh), India. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1342-1346. [PMID: 27876944 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines which were sick and brought at veterinary hospital for treatment. A total of 366 samples were investigated from cattle (n = 175) and buffaloes (n = 191) presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), Veterinary College, Junagadh, Gujarat during January to December 2014. Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears exhibited that 58.6 % of cattle and 41.2 % of buffaloes were infected with haemoparasites comprising Babesia bigemina, Theileria annulata, and Anaplasma marginale @ of 54.0, 3.4 and 1.1 in cattle and 38.8, 1.2 and 1.2 percent in buffaloes, respectively. The incidence of total haemoparasites and B. bigemina infections was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cattle whereas, incidence of haemoparasites were recorded significantly higher in the month of July to November (i.e., rainy and autumn) in both cattle and buffaloes, respectively (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). Coprological examination revealed that the overall incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection was 45.5 % in cattle and 43.4 % in buffaloes. The incidence of individual parasite was 11.4, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5, 1.1, 3.4, 2.3 and 19.3 in cattle and 4.7, 0.9, 0.0, 2.8, 0.9, 5.7, 0.0 and 28.3 % in buffaloes for Eimeria spp., Trichuris spp., Toxocara vitulorum, Strongyle, Fasciola spp., amphistomes, Schistosoma indicum and Buxtonella sulcata, respectively which differ insignificantly (p > 0.05). Seasonal prevalence of GI parasites was highest in summer in both cattle and buffaloes, the data being statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). However, the incidence of B. sulcata in both cattle (19.3 %) and buffaloes (28.3 %) was higher in comparisons to other GI parasites. The present investigation emphasized that B. bigemina and B. sulcata are the most important parasites of bovines of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - B R Maharana
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Amit Prasad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India ; Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Joice P Joseph
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India ; Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Bhavika Patel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India ; Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - J S Patel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India ; Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex (TVCC), College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
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Maharana BR, Kumar B, Sudhakar NR, Behera SK, Patbandha TK. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in bovines in and around Junagadh (Gujarat). J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1174-1178. [PMID: 27876909 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprological examination of 416 bovine faecal samples revealed the presence of parasitic stages of Toxocara vitulorum, strongyles, Strongyloides spp., Fasciola spp., amphistomes, coccidia (Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.) and Buxtonella sulcata. About 42 % (n = 302) faecal samples from cattle and 36 % (n = 114) samples from buffaloes were positive for gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections. Both cattle (14.57 %) and buffalo (15.79 %) had the highest incidence of Buxtonella sulcata, respectively. The overall incidence of GI parasitic infections in young animals (below 1 year) was higher followed by older (more than 5 years) and adult animals (1-5 years) and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Non descriptive breeds of bovines showed more parasitic infections than pure breeds, the difference being statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Season wise GI parasitic infections were recorded to be non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher in monsoon (48.38 %) followed by summer (39 %) and winter (34.61 %) in cattle. There was no significant variation of GI infections in buffaloes in relation to season though highest prevalence was documented in monsoon (44.89 %) followed by winter (35.71 %) and summer (24.32 %). Similarly, sex wise females recorded higher infection rates than males in bovines and the difference being statistically non-significant (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Maharana
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H, JAU, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science & A.H, JAU, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
| | - N R Sudhakar
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - S K Behera
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - T K Patbandha
- Department of Livestock Production Management, College of Veterinary Science & A.H, JAU, Junagadh, 362001 Gujarat India
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Maitra A, Yadav CL, Sanjukta RK. Seasonal prevalence of paramphistomosis in domestic ruminants in different agro-climatic zones of Uttarakhand, India. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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