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Azarm A, Koosha M, Dalimi A, Zahraie-Ramazani A, Akhavan AA, Saeidi Z, Mohebali M, Azam K, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA. Association Between Wolbachia Infection and Susceptibility to Deltamethrin Insecticide in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:159-165. [PMID: 38016137 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Wolbachia is a symbiotic alphaproteobacteria of arthropods that can be involved in susceptibility or resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Wolbachia and Deltamethrin susceptibility/resistance in Ph. papatasi. Deltamethrin filter papers (0.00002%) were used to test sand fly field collected from southern Iran. After the test, PCR amplification of the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp) was used to measure Wolbachia infection rate in the killed, surviving, and control groups. Result: The rates of infection by Wolbachia strain (wPap, super group A) differed between killed (susceptible) and surviving (resistant) Ph. papatasi specimens. The rate of Wolbachia infection in susceptible individuals was more than twice (2.3) (39% vs. 17%) in resistant individuals with the same genetic background. This difference was highly significant (p < 0.001), indicating a positive association between Wolbachia infection and susceptibility to Deltamethrin. In addition, the results showed that Deltamethrin can act as a PCR inhibitor during detection of Wolbachia in Ph. papatasi. Conclusion: Results of this study show that Wolbachia is associated with Deltamethrin susceptibility level in Ph. papatasi. Also, as Deltamethrin has been identified as a PCR inhibitor, great care must be taken in interpreting Wolbachia infection status in infected populations. The results of this study may provide information for a better understanding of the host-symbiont relationship, as well as application of host symbiosis in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrollah Azarm
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Koosha
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Dalimi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zahraie-Ramazani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Saeidi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology and School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Azam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Investigation of Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jahrom, Fars Province, Between 2015 and 2019. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the diseases caused by the Leishmania parasite, which is considered a health problem in Iran. Jahrom, a county in Fars province located in the south of Iran, is one of the endemic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Objectives: The present study investigated the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Jahrom between 2015 and 2019. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients referred to the Jahrom Health Center between 2015 and 2019. Results: A total of 584 cases were identified, of which (347) 59.4% were males and (237) 40.6% were females. The acute cases were observed in all age groups, and the highest proportion was seen at less than 10 years of age. The numbers of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2015 to 2019 were 180, 88, 117, 108, and 91, respectively. Cutaneous leishmaniasis was more common in autumn and winter. The proportion was higher in males and urban inhabitants. There was a statistically significant difference between the genders and places of residence (P < 0.05). Also, the highest proportion of lesions was on the hands (48.8%). Conclusions: Based on the findings in Jahrom city, the proportion of the disease was higher in younger age groups, males, urban inhabitants, and autumn. The most common lesions were on the hands, feet, and face.
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Lozano-Sardaneta YN, Jacobo-Olvera E, Ruiz-Tovar K, Sánchez-Montes S, Rodríguez-Rojas JJ, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Roldán-Fernández SG, Rodriguez-Martinez LM, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Correa-Morales F, Treviño-Garza N, Díaz-Albíter HM, Zwetsch A, Valadas SYOB, Nilce-Silveira A, Becker I, Huerta H. Detection of Wolbachia and Leishmania DNA in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) from a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tabasco, Mexico. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:513-520. [PMID: 35067743 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are the main vectors of Leishmania genus species worldwide; therefore, the detection of some reproductive parasites, such as Wolbachia, has been considered a possible strategy for biological control. In Mexico, leishmaniasis cases have been recorded in 25 states, yet only two sand fly species have been related to Wolbachia spp. Although the state of Tabasco has a high number of leishmaniasis cases, only few studies have been done on sand fly species. The aim of this study was to analyze the diversity of sand fly species and to detect Wolbachia spp. and/or Leishmania spp. in the captured specimens. Sand flies were collected at the locality of Huimango, Tabasco, Mexico, during October 2019, using nine light traps (CDC) and two Shannon traps per night. The specimens were identified and females were analyzed by PCR for the DNA detection for pathogens. A total of 193 sand fly specimens belonging to five species were morphologically identified. Pintomyia ovallesi was the most abundant species (76.84%), followed by Micropygomyia cayennensis (6.40%). Furthermore, first records of four sand fly species were established for the state of Tabasco, thereby increasing the species richness in the state from four to eight. We observed a natural infection rate of 9.7% (10/103) for Leishmania and 0.91% (1/103) for Wolbachia. The importance of conducting entomological surveys in endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Mexico is highlighted, to determine whether other sand fly species may be potential vectors of Leishmania spp., and if some Wolbachia strains could be relevant for the control of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yokomi N Lozano-Sardaneta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 06720, México
| | - Erika Jacobo-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico Y Referencia Epidemiológicos 'Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez', Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Unidad Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Ruiz-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico Y Referencia Epidemiológicos 'Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez', Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Unidad Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 06720, México
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Región Tuxpan, Universidad Veracruzana, Carretera Tuxpan Tampico Kilómetro 7. 5, Universitaria, 92870, Tuxpan de Rodríguez Cano, Veracruz, México
| | - Jorge J Rodríguez-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación Y Desarrollo en Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Unidad de Patógenos Y Vectores, Dr. Carlos Canseco S/N Esquina Dr. J. E. González, Col. Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edith A Fernández-Figueroa
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 06720, México
- Computational and Integrative Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Miguel Rodriguez-Martinez
- Unidad de Investigación Entomológica Y de Bioensayo del Estado de Tabasco, Melchor Ocampo 113, Col Atasta de serra, C.P.86100, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Vectores, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos Y Control de Enfermedades, Benjamín Franklin 132, 11800, Escandón, Mexico City, México
| | - Fabian Correa-Morales
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Vectores, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos Y Control de Enfermedades, Benjamín Franklin 132, 11800, Escandón, Mexico City, México
| | - Nancy Treviño-Garza
- Programa de Enfermedades Transmitidas Por Vectores, Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos Y Control de Enfermedades, Benjamín Franklin 132, 11800, Escandón, Mexico City, México
| | - Héctor Manuel Díaz-Albíter
- El Colegio de La Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa a Reforma Km. 15.5 s/n, Ranchería Guineo 2da. Sección, 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Zwetsch
- Laboratorio de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundaçăo Oswaldo Cruz. Avenue Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Nilce-Silveira
- Asesora Regional Para Leishmaniasis OPS/OMS, Av. Gov. Leonel de Moura Brizola, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, 7778, Brazil
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 06720, México
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico Y Referencia Epidemiológicos 'Dr, Manuel Martínez Báez', Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Unidad Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Ciudad de México, México.
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Ebrahimi S, Kalantari M, Alipour H, Azizi K, Asgari Q, Bahreini MS. In vitro evaluation of CRISPR PX-LmGP63 vector effect on pathogenicity of Leishmania major as a primary step to control leishmaniasis. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105281. [PMID: 34752910 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by intracellular obligate parasites (Leishmania spp.) carried by the blood-sucking of female sandflies and transmitted between mammalian hosts. Despite the high incidence and prevalence of Leishmania cases in many countries, it has been a neglected tropical disease. The current treatment approaches are limited by the complications such as loss of fertility and drug resistance. It is, therefore, essential to find new medicines to treat leishmaniasis. CRISPR/Cas9 as a powerful genome-editing tool provides the opportunity to create precise genetic manipulation to investigate the molecular basis of different leishmaniasis cases. Therefore, our main goal was to evaluate the CRISPR PX-LmGP63 vector effect on pathogenicity of Leishmania majorin vitroto challenge for using CRISPR/Cas9 as a therapeutic CL through the reduction of L. major pathogenicity by manipulating the GP63 gene. In this study, L. major parasites were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 vectors constructed by electroporation and then added to macrophage cells on RPMI. The effect of CRISPR/Cas9 constructs on GP63 mutation, viability, and status of L. major was investigated by counting phagocytic parasites into macrophages and DNA sequence analysis. Our data validate that the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in L. major creates a new stop codon and disrupts the frame sheet of the gene by creating a new insertion (thymine), which prevents its expression. In addition, the parasite count was significantly different in the case and control of infected macrophages (P < 0.05). This study shows the successfully targeted manipulation of the L. major GP63 gene via the adaptation of the CRISPR/Cas9 editing tool. The manipulation of GP63 revealed a reduction in the infection load compared to wild-type parasite infection. Therefore, more studies are necessary for this field to help achieve a new method for the prevention and treatment of CL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kalantari
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Alipour
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Azizi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saleh Bahreini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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