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Dai Y, Inagaki NF, Ueki R, Sando S, Hasegawa K, Ito T. Hepatocyte Growth Factor DNA Aptamer for Prevention of Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesion via Enhancement of Fibrinolysis and Inhibition of Mesothelial Mesenchymal Transition. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4679-4689. [PMID: 38963794 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is a prevalent complication of abdominal surgery, posing a significant hindrance to postsurgical recovery. Although several strategies have been developed to alleviate and prevent adhesions, their efficacy remains unsatisfactory. For the first time, we studied the therapeutic effect and mechanism of our recently developed thermally stable oligonucleotide-based mimetics of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF DNA aptamer) to prevent PPA. The HGF DNA aptamer effectively inhibited canonical TGF-β1 signaling transduction, partially suppressing mesothelial mesenchymal transition. Additionally, the aptamer, respectively, upregulated and downregulated the expression of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, thereby enhancing fibrinolytic activity. As a pleiotropic factor, the HGF DNA aptamer also enhanced the migratory and proliferative capacities of mesothelial cells. Finally, the aptamer demonstrated a higher level of effectiveness in preventing PPAs than the commercially available antiperitoneal adhesion barrier, Seprafilm. Due to its therapeutic benefits, excellent stability, biosafety, cost-effectiveness, and versatility, the HGF DNA aptamer demonstrates promise for preventing PPA in future clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Dai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Natsuko F Inagaki
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taichi Ito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Grzegorzewska AK, Wolak D, Hrabia A. Effect of tamoxifen treatment on catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and localization in the hen oviduct. Theriogenology 2024; 214:73-80. [PMID: 37862940 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between free reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and removal (e.g., by antioxidative enzymes) leads to the damage of important biomolecules and cells. Earlier studies in hens showed that treatment with tamoxifen (TMX; estrogen receptor inhibitor) modulates oxidative stress and causes the reproductive system regression realized by cell apoptosis. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to examine the expression and immunolocalization of the key enzymatic antioxidants, i.e. catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in the chicken oviduct following TMX treatment. Laying hens were treated daily with TMX until a pause in egg-laying occurred and then euthanized on day 8 of the experiment. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analyses showed the presence of CAT and SOD transcripts and proteins, respectively, in all oviductal segments, i.e., the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland and vagina. In control hens (laying), the mRNA expression of CAT was the highest in the shell gland, lower in the isthmus and the lowest in other oviductal parts, whereas protein expression was the highest in the magnum, lower in the isthmus and the lowest in other segments. The SOD transcript and protein abundances only were lower in the magnum than in other segments. Immunoreactive CAT and SOD products were localized in all layers of the oviductal wall, but the intensity of staining depended on the cell type. TMX treatment affected CAT and SOD expression and the effect of TMX depended on gene, protein, cell type and oviductal part. Generally, CAT expression was elevated, while SOD expression was decreased under TMX treatment. These results point to the importance of CAT and SOD in the maintenance of proper oviduct health and function. Changes in ROS scavenging enzymes after estrogen receptor blockage indicate the significance of estrogen in the regulation of oxidative status in the avian oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Wolak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120, Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Guneidy RA, Zaki ER, Karim GSAA, Saleh NS, Shokeer A. Adverse effect of Tamarindus indica and tamoxifen combination on redox balance and genotoxicity of breast cancer cell. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:131. [PMID: 37987952 PMCID: PMC10663423 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most significant threat to women worldwide. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause cancer cell death and apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cancer cells have a higher rate of metabolic activity than normal cells and thus produce more ROS. Glutathione and its related enzymes are the most significant antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect cells from oxidative and chemotherapeutic impacts. The anticancer actions of phenolic compounds were greatly confirmed. Using phenolic compounds as drugs in combination with chemotherapy may improve health, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce dose and damage. The goal of the study was to treat breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) with Tamarindus indica extract individually and in combination with the anticancer drug tamoxifen (TAM) to improve therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS After 48 h of incubation at IC25 concentrations of T. indica extract (47.3 g/mL), tamoxifen (0.8 g/mL), and their co-treatments, the biochemical and genotoxic effects on MCF-7 cell lines were investigated. In MCF7 cell lines, T. indica extract increased reduced glutathione levels as well as glutathione transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. The same was true for oxidative state indicators, where higher levels of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase activity were associated with higher levels of malondialdehyde. T. indica has almost no effect on the DNA damage parameters. All of these variations can produce alterations in cancer cell genotoxicity and apoptotic pathways, explaining the restoration of DNA moment to normal levels and enhanced survival. CONCLUSION Cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of treatment with T. indica extract could be attributed to the dynamic interaction of glutathione cycle and antioxidant enzymes to combat oxidative stress, which can be considered as a positive therapeutic effect. On the other hand, the negative response of tamoxifen efficacy when co-treated with T. indica reversed tamoxifen's genotoxicity and enhanced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Guneidy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - E R Zaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G S A Abdel Karim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N S Saleh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Shokeer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Nepalia A, Fernandes SE, Singh H, Rana S, Saini DK. Anti-microbial resistance and aging-A design for evolution. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1626. [PMID: 37553220 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to anti-infective agents poses a significant threat to successfully treating infections caused by bacteria. Bacteria acquire random mutations due to exposure to environmental stresses, which may increase their fitness to other selection pressures. Interestingly, for bacteria, the frequency of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) seems to be increasing in tandem with the human lifespan. Based on evidence from previous literature, we speculate that increased levels of free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species-ROS and Reactive Nitrosative Species-RNS), elevated inflammation, and the altered tissue microenvironment in aged individuals may drive pathogen mutagenesis. If these mutations result in the hyperactivation of efflux pumps or alteration in drug target binding sites, it could confer AMR, thus rendering antibiotic therapy ineffective while leading to the selection of novel drug-resistant variants. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors Metabolic Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Nepalia
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sheryl Erica Fernandes
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, and Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Youssef F, Gamal El-Din MI, El-Beshbishy HA, Ashour ML, Singab ANB. Eremophila purpurascens: Anti-oxidant, Anti-hyperglycemic, and Hepatoprotective Potential of Its Polyphenolic Rich Leaf Extract and Its LC-ESI-MS/MS Chemical Characterization and Standardization. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31928-31940. [PMID: 37692227 PMCID: PMC10483657 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Eremophila, despite comprising more than 250 species, has scarce literature studies that could be traced concerning the chemical profile and bioactivity of Eremophila purpurascens. The current study targets the investigation of the in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and hepatoprotective potential of the polyphenol-rich leaf extract of E. purpurascens (EP). EP showed promising total anti-oxidant capacity with IC50 values of 106 and 114 μg/mL in 2,2'-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium salt (ABTS) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively, with total anti-oxidant capacities of 331, 245, and 1767 μmol/g in ABTS, DPPH, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power assays, respectively. In HepG2 cells, pre-treated with CCl4, a dose of 100 μg/mL EP ameliorated the reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels and total anti-oxidant capacity with values of 312.5 U/mL, 15.47 mg/dL, and 1.03 nmol/mL, respectively. In vitro anti-diabetic evaluation using 3T3-L1 adipocyte culture showed that at a dose of 30 μg/mL, the EP extract elicited a 6.3% decrease in the concentration of glucose (22.4 mmol/L), showing significant amelioration with regard to pioglitazone and insulin. EP also demonstrated elevated serum insulin by 77.78% with a marked reduction in fasting blood glucose level by 64.55% relative to the streptozotocin diabetic rats in vivo. EP also relieved the liver stress markers both in vitro in CCl4 and in vivo in tamoxifen (TAM) models. EP markedly decreased TAM toxicity, as demonstrated by the decline in the liver stress markers, ALT and AST, by 36.1 and 51.1%, respectively. It also relieved the oxidative stress triggered by TAM, as revealed by the reduction in the levels of TBARs and TNF-α by 21.4 and 40%, respectively. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of EP revealed a total of twelve peaks belonging to phenylpropanoids, lignans, and phenolics, where verbascoside and pinoresinol-4-O-β-d-glucoside represented the most abundant secondary metabolites. The docking experiment showed that tri-O-galloyl-hexoside had the best fitting within the NADPH oxidase active sites with binding energy (ΔG = -81.12 kcal/mol). Thus, the plant can be of beneficial value in the control of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients, besides its prophylactic potential against hepatic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia
S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mariam I. Gamal El-Din
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hesham A. El-Beshbishy
- Medical
Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College
for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed L. Ashour
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy
Program, Batterjee Medical College, North Obhur, P.O.
Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Nasser B. Singab
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Center
for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Ahmed N, El-Nakib HE, Ramsis MM, Albably NO, Wober J, Weigand JJ, Schwedtmann K, Zierau O, Abadi AH. Structure-Activity Relationships of Triphenylethylene Derivatives and Their Evaluation as Anticancer and Antiviral Agents. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25903-25923. [PMID: 37521647 PMCID: PMC10373199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet with the risk of developing uterine cancer. A perfect SERM would act as an estrogen activator on bones, the cardiovascular system, and the central nervous system while providing neutral or estrogen blocking effects on the breast and the uterus. Herein, we report on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of new rigid and flexible TAM analogues. Mainly, a chloro substituent is introduced at the para position of the TAM ring C blocking the CYP2D6 hydroxylation site. Most compounds showed estrogenic activity higher than TAM using the yeast estrogen screen assays, indicating the determinant role of the chloro substituent upon functional activity. Despite being estrogenic, compound 2B showed potent antiproliferative activity in the NCI 60 cell lines with mean GI50 = 3.67 μM, GI50 = 1.05 μM on MCF-7 cell lines, and GI50 = 1.30 μM on MDA-MB-231. The estrogenic activity of compound 2B was further confirmed by stimulating alkaline phosphatase in Ishikawa cells, and it showed no increase in relative uterine wet weight in ovariectomized rats. Compound 2F showed EC90 = 0.31 μg/mL and SI90 = 60 against Ebola virus; this is 200-fold more potent than the positive control favipiravir. This is the first time to report estrogenic triphenylethylenes as anti-EBOV agents. The anti-EBOV activity reported is a function of the substitution pattern of the scaffold rather than the functional activity. Moreover, compound 3D showed excellent PO pharmacokinetic properties in mice. In conclusion, for this class of TAM-like compounds, the blockage of the p-position of ring C is decisive for the functional activity; meanwhile, the triarylethylene substitution pattern is detrimental for the antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin
S. Ahmed
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba E. El-Nakib
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marian M. Ramsis
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran O. Albably
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Faculty
of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Molecular
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Molecular
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Zierau
- Faculty
of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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Nynca A, Swigonska S, Ruszkowska M, Sadowska A, Orlowska K, Molcan T, Myszczynski K, Otrocka-Domagala I, Paździor-Czapula K, Kurowicka B, Petroff BK, Ciereszko RE. Tamoxifen decreases ovarian toxicity without compromising cancer treatment in a rat model of mammary cancer. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:325. [PMID: 37312040 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer often face aggressive chemotherapy resulting in infertility. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that was previously suggested as a protective agent against chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure. In the current study, we examined mechanisms of the protective action of TAM in the ovaries of tumor-bearing rats treated with the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CPA). RESULTS TAM prevented CPA-induced loss of ovarian follicular reserves. The protective TAM effect in the rat ovary partially resulted from decreased apoptosis. In addition, transcriptomic and proteomic screening also implicated the importance of DNA repair pathways as well as cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling in the protective ovarian actions of TAM. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen shielded the ovary from the side effects of chemotherapy without lessening the tumoricidal actions of mammary cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nynca
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagala
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Paździor-Czapula
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Beata Kurowicka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Brian Kelli Petroff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Renata Elzbieta Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Veltman CHJ, Pennings JLA, van de Water B, Luijten M. An Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Chemically Induced Oxidative Stress Leading to (Non)genotoxic Carcinogenesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37156502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nongenotoxic (NGTX) carcinogens induce cancer via other mechanisms than direct DNA damage. A recognized mode of action for NGTX carcinogens is induction of oxidative stress, a state in which the amount of oxidants in a cell exceeds its antioxidant capacity, leading to regenerative proliferation. Currently, carcinogenicity assessment of environmental chemicals primarily relies on genetic toxicity end points. Since NGTX carcinogens lack genotoxic potential, these chemicals may remain undetected in such evaluations. To enhance the predictivity of test strategies for carcinogenicity assessment, a shift toward mechanism-based approaches is required. Here, we present an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for chemically induced oxidative stress leading to (NGTX) carcinogenesis. To develop this AOP network, we first investigated the role of oxidative stress in the various cancer hallmarks. Next, possible mechanisms for chemical induction of oxidative stress and the biological effects of oxidative damage to macromolecules were considered. This resulted in an AOP network, of which associated uncertainties were explored. Ultimately, development of AOP networks relevant for carcinogenesis in humans will aid the transition to a mechanism-based, human relevant carcinogenicity assessment that involves a substantially lower number of laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H J Veltman
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065512. [PMID: 36982588 PMCID: PMC10057974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the role of sialome–Siglec axis has been described as a regulatory checkpoint of immune homeostasis, the promotion of stimulatory or inhibitory Siglec-related mechanisms is crucial in cancer progression and therapy. Here, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen on the sialic acid–Siglec interplay and its significance in immune conversion in breast cancer. To mimic the tumour microenvironment, we used oestrogen-dependent or oestrogen-independent breast cancer cells/THP-1 monocytes transwell co-cultures exposed to tamoxifen and/or β-estradiol. We found changes in the cytokine profiles accompanied by immune phenotype switching, as measured by the expression of arginase-1. The immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen in THP-1 cells occurred with the altered SIGLEC5 and SIGLEC14 genes and the expression of their products, as confirmed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Additionally, exposure to tamoxifen increased the binding of Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 fusion proteins to breast cancer cells; however, these effects appeared to be unassociated with oestrogen dependency. Our results suggest that tamoxifen-induced alterations in the immune activity of breast cancer reflect a crosstalk between the Siglec-expressing cells and the tumour’s sialome. Given the distribution of Siglec-5/14, the expression profile of inhibitory and activatory Siglecs in breast cancer patients may be useful in the verification of therapeutic strategies and predicting the tumour’s behaviour and the patient’s overall survival.
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Elbagoury RM, Shenouda MA, Elnakib HE, Wober J, Abadi AH, Ahmed NS. Design, synthesis, and metabolite identification of Tamoxifen esterase-activatable prodrugs. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106303. [PMID: 36455483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is used in treatment of hormonal dependent breast cancer, both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. TAM is intrinsically metabolized by CYP450 enzymes to more active metabolites. Recent reports identified CYP2D6, an enzyme involved in the conversion of TAM to the more potent 4-OH-TAM, is encoded by theCYP2D6gene, which is highly polymorphic. Women with inactive alleles are poor metabolizers; in many cases they suffer acquired TAM resistance. Herein we report synthesis and biological evaluation of novel TAM analogues. The novel analogues are designed to elude CYP2D6 metabolism. Hydrolysis of the carbamate moiety on ring C is mediated via carboxylesterases. Compound 3d [E/Z Benzyl-carbamic acid4-{2-benzyl-1-[4-(2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-phenyl]-but-1-enyl}-phenyl ester] showed GI50 = 0.09 µM on MCF-7 and GI50 = 1.84 µM on MDA-MB231 cell lines. To further validate our hypothesis, metabolites of selected novel analogues were determined in vitro under different incubation conditions. The hydroxylated analogues were obtained under non CYP2D6 dependent conditions. Compound 8d, a benzyl carbamate derivative, was the least-stable analog and showed the highest rate of metabolism among all tested analogues. Our in silico model showed the novel flexible analogues can still adopt an antiestrogenic binding profile occupying the same pocket as 4-OH-TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma M Elbagoury
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miriam A Shenouda
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba E Elnakib
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jannette Wober
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
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Genovese I, Fornetti E, Ruocco G. Mitochondria inter-organelle relationships in cancer protein aggregation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1062993. [PMID: 36601538 PMCID: PMC9806238 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are physically associated with other organelles, such as ER and lysosomes, forming a complex network that is crucial for cell homeostasis regulation. Inter-organelle relationships are finely regulated by both tether systems, which maintain physical proximity, and by signaling cues that induce the exchange of molecular information to regulate metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis, redox state, nutrient availability, and proteostasis. The coordinated action of the organelles is engaged in the cellular integrated stress response. In any case, pathological conditions alter functional communication and efficient rescue pathway activation, leading to cell distress exacerbation and eventually cell death. Among these detrimental signals, misfolded protein accumulation and aggregation cause major damage to the cells, since defects in protein clearance systems worsen cell toxicity. A cause for protein aggregation is often a defective mitochondrial redox balance, and the ER freshly translated misfolded proteins and/or a deficient lysosome-mediated clearance system. All these features aggravate mitochondrial damage and enhance proteotoxic stress. This review aims to gather the current knowledge about the complex liaison between mitochondria, ER, and lysosomes in facing proteotoxic stress and protein aggregation, highlighting both causes and consequences. Particularly, specific focus will be pointed to cancer, a pathology in which inter-organelle relations in protein aggregation have been poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Ilaria Genovese,
| | - Ersilia Fornetti
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Center for Life Nano and Neuro Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy,Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tsoi H, Tsang WC, Man EPS, Leung MH, You CP, Chan SY, Chan WL, Khoo US. Checkpoint Kinase 2 Inhibition Can Reverse Tamoxifen Resistance in ER-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012290. [PMID: 36293165 PMCID: PMC9604393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Tamoxifen is frequently used to treat ER-positive breast cancer. Our team has identified a novel splice variant of NCOR2, BQ323636.1 (BQ), that mediates tamoxifen resistance. However, the upstream factors that modulate BQ expression are not apparent. This study reveals that tamoxifen treatment causes induction of DNA damage which can enhance BQ expression. We show that DNA damage can activate the ATM/CHK2 and ATR/CHK1 signalling cascades and confirm that ATM/CHK2 signalling is responsible for enhancing the protein stability of BQ. siRNA or a small inhibitor targeting CHK2 resulted in the reduction in BQ expression through reduced phosphorylation and enhanced poly-ubiquitination of BQ. Inhibition of CHK2 by CCT241533 could reverse tamoxifen resistance in vitro and in vivo. Using clinical samples in the tissue microarray, we confirmed that high p-CHK2 expression was significantly associated with high nuclear BQ expression, tamoxifen resistance and poorer overall and disease-specific survival. In conclusion, tamoxifen treatment can enhance BQ expression in ER-positive breast cancer by activating the ATM/CHK2 axis. Targeting CHK2 is a promising approach to overcoming tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Tsoi
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Chung Tsang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ellen P. S. Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Hong Leung
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chan-Ping You
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sum-Yin Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ui-Soon Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2255-2664; Fax: +852-2218-5205
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Deng X, Xie B, Li Q, Xiao Y, Hu Z, Deng X, Fang P, Dong C, Zhou HB, Huang J. Discovery of Novel Bicyclic Phenylselenyl-Containing Hybrids: An Orally Bioavailable, Potential, and Multiacting Class of Estrogen Receptor Modulators against Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7993-8010. [PMID: 35611405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a multifactorial disease and is prone to drug resistance during treatment. In this study, we described a new class of multifunctional estrogen receptor (ER) modulators ground on a prerogative indirect antagonism skeleton (OBHS, oxabicycloheptene sulfonate) of ER containing a phenylselenyl group. Compound 34b showed significant antiproliferative activities against tamoxifen-sensitive (MCF-7) and -resistant (LCC2) cells. Moreover, hexokinase 1 (HK1) was identified as a direct target of 34b. Further mechanism investigations proved that 34b induced apoptosis, which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the synergistic effects of downregulating mitochondrial-bound HK1 protein and promoting reactive oxygen species generation. In vivo, 34b had a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a bioavailability of 23.20% and exhibited more potent tumor suppression than tamoxifen both in MCF-7 and LCC2 tumor xenograft models. Collectively, our studies showed that 34b is a promising new multifunctional candidate compound for ERα+ BC treatment, particularly for tamoxifen-resistant BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuzi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaofei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pingping Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chune Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hai-Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China
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Hassan AS, Wober J, Vollmer G, Abadi AH, Mostafa NSA. Flexible Etherified and Esterified Triphenylethylene Derivatives and Their Evaluation on ER positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100720. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Hassan
- German University in Cairo Pharmaceutical Chemistry EGYPT
| | | | | | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- German University in Cairo Pharmaceutical Chemstry Al Tagamoe al Khamis , new cairoCairo 11385 Cairo EGYPT
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