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Kramser N, Duse DA, Gröne M, Stücker B, Voß F, Tokhi U, Jung C, Horn P, Kelm M, Erkens R. Amiodarone Administration during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is Not Associated with Changes in Short-Term Mortality or Neurological Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Patients with Shockable Rhythms. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3931. [PMID: 38999496 PMCID: PMC11242294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The search for the best therapeutic approach in cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) remains open to question. In this study, we evaluated if Amiodarone administration during CPR was associated with short-term mortality or neurological development. Methods: A total of 232 patients with sudden cardiac arrest (CA) with shockable rhythms were included in our analysis. Propensity score matching based on age, gender, type of CA, and CPR duration was used to stratify between patients with and without Amiodarone during CPR. Primary endpoints were short-term mortality (30-day) and neurological outcomes assessed by the cerebral performance category. Secondary endpoints were plasma lactate, phosphate levels at hospital admission, and the peak Neuron-specific enolase. Results: Propensity score matching was successful with a caliper size used for matching of 0.089 and a sample size of n = 82 per group. The 30-day mortality rates were similar between both groups (p = 0.24). There were no significant differences in lactate levels at hospital admission and during the following five days between the groups. Patients receiving Amiodarone showed slightly higher phosphate levels at hospital admission, while the levels decreased to a similar value during the following days. Among CA survivors to hospital discharge, no differences between the proportion of good neurological outcomes were detected between the two groups (p = 0.58), despite slightly higher peak neuron-specific enolase levels in CA patients receiving Amiodarone (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Amiodarone administration is not associated with short-term mortality or neurological outcomes in CA patients with shockable rhythms receiving CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kramser
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dragos Andrei Duse
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gröne
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd Stücker
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Voß
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ursala Tokhi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Horn
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Erkens
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, St. Agnes-Hospital Bocholt, 46397 Bocholt, Germany
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2
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Cepparulo P, Cuomo O, Campani V, Vinciguerra A, Sisalli MJ, Nele V, Anzilotti S, Valsecchi V, Casamassa A, Brancaccio P, Scorziello A, De Rosa G, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Anti-miRNA103/107 encapsulated in transferrin-conjugated lipid nanoparticles crosses blood-brain barrier and reduces brain ischemic damage. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102131. [PMID: 38379726 PMCID: PMC10877170 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA), by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes involved in stroke response, represents important effectors in stroke pathophysiology. Recently, the 103/107 miRNA family emerged as a possible therapeutic target in stroke, as it controls the expression of sodium calcium exchanger 1, a plasma membrane transporter that plays a fundamental role in stroke pathophysiology. Although the neuroprotective properties of this and other miRNAs are promising, several pharmacokinetic drawbacks remain to be faced for the development of a translatable therapy based on small RNAs in CNS diseases. In the present study, to overcome these limitations, the anti-miRNA103/107 was encapsulated in specific preparations of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and their effectiveness was evaluated both in an in vitro model of hypoxia represented by primary neuronal cortical cultures exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation, and in an in vivo model of stroke obtained in rats exposed to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The results of the present study demonstrated that the encapsulation of anti-miRNA103/107 in transferrin-conjugated PEG-stabilized LNPs allowed the blood-brain barrier crossing and significantly reduced brain ischemic damage. The present achievements pave the way for the exploitation of a systemic intravenous miRNA delivery strategy in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cepparulo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Campani
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Josè Sisalli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Nele
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Serenella Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Zhong J, Dong J, Ruan W, Duan X. Potential Theranostic Roles of SLC4 Molecules in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15166. [PMID: 37894847 PMCID: PMC10606849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 4 (SLC4) is an important protein responsible for the transport of various ions across the cell membrane and mediating diverse physiological functions, such as the ion transporting function, protein-to-protein interactions, and molecular transduction. The deficiencies in SLC4 molecules may cause multisystem disease involving, particularly, the respiratory system, digestive, urinary, endocrine, hematopoietic, and central nervous systems. Currently, there are no effective strategies to treat these diseases. SLC4 proteins are also found to contribute to tumorigenesis and development, and some of them are regarded as therapeutic targets in quite a few clinical trials. This indicates that SLC4 proteins have potential clinical prospects. In view of their functional characteristics, there is a critical need to review the specific functions of bicarbonate transporters, their related diseases, and the involved pathological mechanisms. We summarize the diseases caused by the mutations in SLC4 family genes and briefly introduce the clinical manifestations of these diseases as well as the current treatment strategies. Additionally, we illustrate their roles in terms of the physiology and pathogenesis that has been currently researched, which might be the future therapeutic and diagnostic targets of diseases and a new direction for drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (J.Z.); (J.D.); (W.R.)
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4
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Peng S, Wu X, Zheng Q, Xu J, Xie D, Zhou M, Wang M, Cheng Y, Ye L, Mo X, Feng Z. Downregulating NHE-1 decreases the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in epileptic model rats based on the NHE-1/calpain1 pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18336. [PMID: 37539113 PMCID: PMC10395532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizure is associated with pathological changes of hippocampus, but the mechanism by which hippocampal neuronal apoptosis promotes epilepsy is unclear. Our previous study showed that the expression of NHE-1 was increased in epileptic model rats. Therefore, this study further explores the effect of NHE-1 on hippocampal cells apoptosis and seizure in lithium chloride-pilocarpine epileptic model rats. First, we established a lithium chloride-pilocarpine induced epileptic rat model and detected the expression of NHE-1, calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Then, we further down-regulated NHE-1 to observe the expression of calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus, as well as its effect on seizures in rats. We found that the expression of NHE-1 and calpain1 and apoptosis in the hippocampus was significant increased in the model group. After down-regulating NHE-1, the expression of calpain1 was decreased, and hippocampal cell apoptosis was alleviated. In addition, down-regulation of NHE-1 reduced the frequency and duration of seizures in epileptic rats. Therefore, hippocampal NHE-1 overexpression is closely related to the development of neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of epilepsy, and downregulating NHE-1 expression can reduce cell apoptosis. Moreover, the NHE-1/calpain1 signaling pathway may be an important mechanism leading to hippocampal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medicine,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongjun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Ye
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangang Mo
- Comprehensive Ward, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University. Guiyang, China
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5
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Zhang YY, Yang XY, Liu HQ, Zhang Z, Hu CP, Peng J, Luo XJ. The Weakened Interaction Between HECTD4 and GluN2B in Ischemic Stroke Promotes Calcium Overload and Brain Injury Through a Mechanism Involving the Decrease of GluN2B and MALT1 Ubiquitination. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1563-1579. [PMID: 36527595 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2B (GluN2B) plays an essential role in calcium overload during excitotoxicity. Reverse-phase nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has revealed an interaction between GluN2B and HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 4 (HECTD4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase highly expressed in the brain. As a potential substrate for HECTD4, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) acts as a scaffold with hydrolysis activity. This study explores the relationship between HECTD4, GluN2B, and MALT1, focusing on their role in brain injury in ischemic stroke. Rats were subjected to 2 h-ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion to establish an ischemic stroke model. We observed the downregulation of HECTD4 and the upregulation of MALT1. Additionally, an increased GluN2B phosphorylation was concomitant with weakened interactions between HECTD4 and GluN2B, followed by decreased striatal-enriched protein phosphatase (STEP61). Knockdown of HECTD4 exacerbated hypoxia- or NMDA-induced injury in nerve cells coincident with a decrease in GluN2B and MALT1 ubiquitination, and an increase in GluN2B phosphorylation as well as an increase in intracellular calcium level, which were counteracted by MALT1 siRNA. Blockage of MALT1 with its inhibitor or siRNA reduced STEP61 degradation, accompanied by a decrease in GluN2B phosphorylation, intracellular calcium concentration, and brain cell injury, which were reversed by overexpression of MALT1. Based on these observations, we conclude that the downregulation of HECTD4 in ischemic stroke rat brain accounts for calcium overload and brain injury due to activating GluN2B directly and indirectly through a mechanism involving the reduced ubiquitination of GluN2B and MALT1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hui-Qi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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6
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Structure-Based Function and Regulation of NCX Variants: Updates and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010061. [PMID: 36613523 PMCID: PMC9820601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma-membrane homeostasis Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate Ca2+ extrusion/entry to dynamically shape Ca2+ signaling/in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The NCX gene orthologs, isoforms, and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and exhibit nearly 104-fold differences in the transport rates and regulatory specificities to match the cell-specific requirements. Selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants could benefit many clinical applications, although this intervention remains challenging, mainly because a full-size structure of eukaryotic NCX is unavailable. The crystal structure of the archaeal NCX_Mj, in conjunction with biophysical, computational, and functional analyses, provided a breakthrough in resolving the ion transport mechanisms. However, NCX_Mj (whose size is nearly three times smaller than that of mammalian NCXs) cannot serve as a structure-dynamic model for imitating high transport rates and regulatory modules possessed by eukaryotic NCXs. The crystal structures of isolated regulatory domains (obtained from eukaryotic NCXs) and their biophysical analyses by SAXS, NMR, FRET, and HDX-MS approaches revealed structure-based variances of regulatory modules. Despite these achievements, it remains unclear how multi-domain interactions can decode and integrate diverse allosteric signals, thereby yielding distinct regulatory outcomes in a given ortholog/isoform/splice variant. This article summarizes the relevant issues from the perspective of future developments.
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7
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Zhao ZA, Qiu J, Li W, Zhao YG, Liu X, Sun XH, Li XL, Liu L, Tao L, Chen MR, Chen HS. Changes in blood gas values and electrolytes in the occluded artery predict outcomes after endovascular treatment in ischemic stroke. J Neuroradiol 2022; 50:415-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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8
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Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in Ischemic Stroke: A New Outlet for Classical Neuroprotective Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169381. [PMID: 36012647 PMCID: PMC9409263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world, of which ischemia accounts for the majority. There is growing evidence of changes in synaptic connections and neural network functions in the brain of stroke patients. Currently, the studies on these neurobiological alterations mainly focus on the principle of glutamate excitotoxicity, and the corresponding neuroprotective strategies are limited to blocking the overactivation of ionic glutamate receptors. Nevertheless, it is disappointing that these treatments often fail because of the unspecificity and serious side effects of the tested drugs in clinical trials. Thus, in the prevention and treatment of stroke, finding and developing new targets of neuroprotective intervention is still the focus and goal of research in this field. In this review, we focus on the whole processes of glutamatergic synaptic transmission and highlight the pathological changes underlying each link to help develop potential therapeutic strategies for ischemic brain damage. These strategies include: (1) controlling the synaptic or extra-synaptic release of glutamate, (2) selectively blocking the action of the glutamate receptor NMDAR subunit, (3) increasing glutamate metabolism, and reuptake in the brain and blood, and (4) regulating the glutamate system by GABA receptors and the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Based on these latest findings, it is expected to promote a substantial understanding of the complex glutamate signal transduction mechanism, thereby providing excellent neuroprotection research direction for human ischemic stroke (IS).
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Brancaccio P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Campanile M, Herchuelz A, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Preconditioning in hypoxic-ischemic neonate mice triggers Na +-Ca 2+ exchanger-dependent neurogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:318. [PMID: 35831286 PMCID: PMC9279453 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To identify alternative interventions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, researchers’ attention has been focused to the study of endogenous neuroprotective strategies. Based on the preconditioning concept that a subthreshold insult may protect from a subsequent harmful event, we aimed at identifying a new preconditioning protocol able to enhance Ca2+-dependent neurogenesis in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI). To this purpose, we also investigated the role of the preconditioning-linked protein controlling ionic homeostasis, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Hypoxic Preconditioning (HPC) was reproduced by exposing P7 mice to 20’ hypoxia. HI was induced by isolating and cutting the right common carotid artery. A significant reduction in ischemic damage was observed in mice subjected to 20’ hypoxia followed,3 days later, by 60’ HI, thus suggesting that 20’ hypoxia functions as preconditioning stimulus. HPC promoted neuroblasts proliferation in the dentate gyrus mirrored by an increase of NCX1 and NCX3-positive cells and an improvement of behavioral motor performances in HI mice. An attenuation of HPC neuroprotection as well as a reduction in the expression of neurogenesis markers, including p57 and NeuroD1, was observed in preconditioned mice lacking NCX1 or NCX3. In summary, PC in neonatal mice triggers a neurogenic process linked to ionic homeostasis maintenance, regulated by NCX1 and NCX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Anzilotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - O Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Campanile
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Herchuelz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapeutique-Faculté de Médecine Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - S Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Annunziato
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A, via Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - G Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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10
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Mnafgui K, Khdhiri E, Ghazouani L, Ncir M, Zaafouri Z, Allouche N, Elfeki A, Ammar H, Abid S, Hajji R. Anti-embolic and anti-oxidative effects of a novel (E)-4-amino-N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide against isoproterenol and vitamin-K induced ischemic stroke. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:527-540. [PMID: 31469295 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1657900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cerebroprotective potential of a novel synthetic coumarin, (E)-4-amino-N'-(1-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene) benzohydrazide noted (HC) against a pharmaceutically induced ischemic stroke in experimental male Wistar rats. Animals were randomly allocated into four groups: control, Stroke, Stroke + Ace (acenocoumarol) and Stroke + HC-treated group for 7 days. Our results showed that stroke group evidenced atrial flutter, significant cardiac hypertrophy (+23%) and increase in plasma level of troponin-T, with disturbance in plasma ionic levels and rise in fibrinogen rate and oxidative damages in heart and brain. Moreover, the histological findings revealed myocardium necrosis, cardiac cavity thrombi and brain injury as compared to normal rats. However, HC-treatment significantly prevents the embolic process, improves cerebral damages and mitigates the oxidative stress markers in stroke rats. Overall, HC is endowed with a thrombolytic potential against MI and stroke in such severe conditions through an anti-vit K (AVK) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Khdhiri
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lakhdar Ghazouani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ncir
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhaier Zaafouri
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Team), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah Elfeki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Ammar
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Abid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry HCGP, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raouf Hajji
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Sidi Bouzid, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
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11
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Ma W, Li CY, Zhang SJ, Zang CH, Yang JW, Wu Z, Wang GD, Liu J, Liu W, Liu KP, Liang Y, Zhang XK, Li JJ, Guo JH, Li LY. Neuroprotective effects of long noncoding RNAs involved in ischemic postconditioning after ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1299-1309. [PMID: 34782575 PMCID: PMC8643058 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute reperfusion, the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in adult rats with focal cerebral ischemia undergo broad changes. However, whether long noncoding RNAs are involved in neuroprotective effects following focal ischemic stroke in rats remains unclear. In this study, RNA isolation and library preparation was performed for long noncoding RNA sequencing, followed by determining the coding potential of identified long noncoding RNAs and target gene prediction. Differential expression analysis, long noncoding RNA functional enrichment analysis, and co-expression network analysis were performed comparing ischemic rats with and without ischemic postconditioning rats. Rats were subjected to ischemic postconditioning via the brief and repeated occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or femoral artery. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs after ischemic postconditioning in a rat model of ischemic stroke. The results showed that ischemic postconditioning greatly affected the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs and mRNAs in the brains of rats that underwent ischemic stroke. The predicted target genes of some of the identified long noncoding RNAs (cis targets) were related to the cellular response to ischemia and stress, cytokine signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptosis signal transduction pathways. In addition, 15 significantly differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs were identified in the brains of rats subjected to ischemic postconditioning. Nine candidate long noncoding RNAs that may be related to ischemic postconditioning were identified by a long noncoding RNA expression profile and long noncoding RNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis. Expression levels were verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These results suggested that the identified long noncoding RNAs may be involved in the neuroprotective effects associated with ischemic postconditioning following ischemic stroke. The experimental animal procedures were approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Kunming Medical University (approval No. KMMU2018018) in January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Wei Yang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xing-Kui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun-Jun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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12
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Pignataro G. Emerging Role of microRNAs in Stroke Protection Elicited by Remote Postconditioning. Front Neurol 2021; 12:748709. [PMID: 34744984 PMCID: PMC8567963 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.748709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) represents an innovative and attractive neuroprotective approach in brain ischemia. The purpose of this intervention is to activate endogenous tolerance mechanisms by inflicting a subliminal ischemia injury to the limbs, or to another “remote” region, leading to a protective systemic response against ischemic brain injury. Among the multiple candidates that have been proposed as putative mediators of the protective effect generated by the subthreshold peripheral ischemic insult, it has been hypothesized that microRNAs may play a vital role in the infarct-sparing effect of RIC. The effect of miRNAs can be exploited at different levels: (1) as transducers of protective messages to the brain or (2) as effectors of brain protection. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the most recent evidence supporting the involvement of microRNAs in brain protection elicited by remote conditioning, highlighting potential and pitfalls in their exploitation as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The understanding of these processes could help provide light on the molecular pathways involved in brain protection for the future development of miRNA-based theranostic agents in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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13
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Du L, Zahra A, Jia M, Wang Q, Wu J. Understanding the Functional Expression of Na+-Coupled SLC4 Transporters in the Renal and Nervous Systems: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1276. [PMID: 34679341 PMCID: PMC8534249 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-base homeostasis is crucial for numerous physiological processes. Na+/HCO3- cotransporters (NBCs) belong to the solute carrier 4 (SLC4) family, which regulates intracellular pH as well as HCO3- absorption and secretion. However, knowledge of the structural functions of these proteins remains limited. Electrogenic NBC (NBCe-1) is thought to be the primary factor promoting the precise acid-base equilibrium in distinct cell types for filtration and reabsorption, as well as the function of neurons and glia. NBC dysregulation is strongly linked to several diseases. As such, the need for special drugs that interfere with the transmission function of NBC is becoming increasingly urgent. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional characteristics of NBCe1, and discuss the roles of NBCe1 in the kidney, central nervous system (CNS), and related disorders, we also summarize the research on NBC inhibitors. NBCe1 and the related pathways should be further investigated, so that new medications may be developed to address the related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Du
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aqeela Zahra
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.D.); (A.Z.)
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; (M.J.); (Q.W.)
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Disease, Beijing 100070, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
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14
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Anzilotti S, Valsecchi V, Brancaccio P, Guida N, Laudati G, Tedeschi V, Petrozziello T, Frecentese F, Magli E, Hassler B, Cuomo O, Formisano L, Secondo A, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Prolonged NCX activation prevents SOD1 accumulation, reduces neuroinflammation, ameliorates motor behavior and prolongs survival in a ALS mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105480. [PMID: 34411705 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance in cellular ionic homeostasis is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is a membrane antiporter that, operating in a bidirectional way, couples the exchange of Ca2+ and Na + ions in neurons and glial cells, thus controlling the intracellular homeostasis of these ions. Among the three NCX genes, NCX1 and NCX2 are widely expressed within the CNS, while NCX3 is present only in skeletal muscles and at lower levels of expression in selected brain regions. ALS mice showed a reduction in the expression and activity of NCX1 and NCX2 consistent with disease progression, therefore we aimed to investigate their role in ALS pathophysiology. Notably, we demonstrated that the pharmacological activation of NCX1 and NCX2 by the prolonged treatment of SOD1G93A mice with the newly synthesized compound neurounina: (1) prevented the reduction in NCX activity observed in spinal cord; (2) preserved motor neurons survival in the ventral spinal horn of SOD1G93A mice; (3) prevented the spinal cord accumulation of misfolded SOD1; (4) reduced astroglia and microglia activation and spared the resident microglia cells in the spinal cord; (5) improved the lifespan and mitigated motor symptoms of ALS mice. The present study highlights the significant role of NCX1 and NCX2 in the pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative disorder and paves the way for the design of a new pharmacological approach for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Petrozziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Brenda Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
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15
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Kalia M, Meijer HGE, van Gils SA, van Putten MJAM, Rose CR. Ion dynamics at the energy-deprived tripartite synapse. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009019. [PMID: 34143772 PMCID: PMC8244923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anatomical and functional organization of neurons and astrocytes at 'tripartite synapses' is essential for reliable neurotransmission, which critically depends on ATP. In low energy conditions, synaptic transmission fails, accompanied by a breakdown of ion gradients, changes in membrane potentials and cell swelling. The resulting cellular damage and cell death are causal to the often devastating consequences of an ischemic stroke. The severity of ischemic damage depends on the age and the brain region in which a stroke occurs, but the reasons for this differential vulnerability are far from understood. In the present study, we address this question by developing a comprehensive biophysical model of a glutamatergic synapse to identify key determinants of synaptic failure during energy deprivation. Our model is based on fundamental biophysical principles, includes dynamics of the most relevant ions, i.e., Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and glutamate, and is calibrated with experimental data. It confirms the critical role of the Na+/K+-ATPase in maintaining ion gradients, membrane potentials and cell volumes. Our simulations demonstrate that the system exhibits two stable states, one physiological and one pathological. During energy deprivation, the physiological state may disappear, forcing a transit to the pathological state, which can be reverted when blocking voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels. Our model predicts that the transition to the pathological state is favoured if the extracellular space fraction is small. A reduction in the extracellular space volume fraction, as, e.g. observed with ageing, will thus promote the brain's susceptibility to ischemic damage. Our work provides new insights into the brain's ability to recover from energy deprivation, with translational relevance for diagnosis and treatment of ischemic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kalia
- Applied Analysis, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Hil G. E. Meijer
- Applied Analysis, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan A. van Gils
- Applied Analysis, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Xu Q, Zhao B, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Gu L. Relevant mediators involved in and therapies targeting the inflammatory response induced by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:123. [PMID: 34059091 PMCID: PMC8166383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a member of the NLR family of inherent immune cell sensors. The NLRP3 inflammasome can detect tissue damage and pathogen invasion through innate immune cell sensor components commonly known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs promote activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus increasing the transcription of genes encoding proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex with multiple components, including an NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1 (NACHT) domain; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC); and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. After ischemic stroke, the NLRP3 inflammasome can produce numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating nerve cell dysfunction and brain edema and ultimately leading to nerve cell death once activated. Ischemic stroke is a disease with high rates of mortality and disability worldwide and is being observed in increasingly younger populations. To date, there are no clearly effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide novel ideas and approaches because targeting of upstream and downstream molecules in the NLRP3 pathway shows promise for ischemic stroke therapy. In this manuscript, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the composition and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the molecules involved in inflammatory pathways, and corresponding drugs or molecules that exert effects after cerebral ischemia. This evidence may provide possible targets or new strategies for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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17
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Valsecchi V, Anzilotti S, Serani A, Laudati G, Brancaccio P, Guida N, Cuomo O, Pignataro G, Annunziato L. miR-206 Reduces the Severity of Motor Neuron Degeneration in the Facial Nuclei of the Brainstem in a Mouse Model of SMA. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1154-1166. [PMID: 32075715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disease affecting infants caused by alterations of the survival motor neuron gene, which results in progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Although an effective treatment for SMA patients has been recently developed, the molecular pathway involved in selective MN degeneration has not been yet elucidated. In particular, miR-206 has been demonstrated to play a relevant role in the regeneration of neuromuscular junction in several MN diseases, and particularly it is upregulated in the quadriceps, tibialis anterior, spinal cord, and serum of SMA mice. In the present paper, we demonstrated that miR-206 was transiently upregulated also in the brainstem of the mouse model of SMA, SMAΔ7, in the early phase of the disease paralleling MN degeneration and was down-regulated in the late symptomatic phase. To prevent this downregulation, we intracerebroventricularly injected miR-206 in SMA pups, demonstrating that miR-206 reduced the severity of SMA pathology, slowing down disease progression, increasing survival rate, and improving behavioral performance of mice. Interestingly, exogenous miRNA-206-induced upregulation caused a reduction of the predicted target sodium calcium exchanger isoform 2, NCX2, one of the main regulators of intracellular [Ca2+] and [Na+]. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR-206 might exert part of its neuroprotective effect modulating NCX2 expression in SMA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Laudati
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Spencer SA, Suárez-Pozos E, Escalante M, Myo YP, Fuss B. Sodium-Calcium Exchangers of the SLC8 Family in Oligodendrocytes: Functional Properties in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1287-1297. [PMID: 31927687 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 8 (SLC8) family of sodium-calcium exchangers (NCXs) functions as an essential regulatory system that couples opposite fluxes of sodium and calcium ions across plasmalemmal membranes. NCXs, thereby, play key roles in maintaining an ion homeostasis that preserves cellular integrity. Hence, alterations in NCX expression and regulation have been found to lead to ionic imbalances that are often associated with intracellular calcium overload and cell death. On the other hand, intracellular calcium has been identified as a key driver for a multitude of downstream signaling events that are crucial for proper functioning of biological systems, thus highlighting the need for a tightly controlled balance. In the CNS, NCXs have been primarily characterized in the context of synaptic transmission and ischemic brain damage. However, a much broader picture is emerging. NCXs are expressed by virtually all cells of the CNS including oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the cells that generate the myelin sheath. With a growing appreciation of dynamic calcium signals in OLGs, NCXs are becoming increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in shaping OLG function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In order to provide a current update, this review focuses on the importance of NCXs in cells of the OLG lineage. More specifically, it provides a brief introduction into plasmalemmal NCXs and their modes of activity, and it discusses the roles of OLG expressed NCXs in regulating CNS myelination and in contributing to CNS pathologies associated with detrimental effects on OLG lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Spencer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yu Par Myo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Kotoda M, Hishiyama S, Ishiyama T, Mitsui K, Matsukawa T. Amiodarone exacerbates brain injuries after hypoxic-ischemic insult in mice. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:62. [PMID: 31864286 PMCID: PMC6925851 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium ion transportation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Amiodarone, a Vaughan-Williams class III antiarrhythmic drug, has been widely used to treat life-threatening arrhythmia and cardiac arrest worldwide. In addition to its inhibitory effects on the potassium channel, amiodarone also blocks various sodium ion transporters, including the voltage-gated sodium channel, sodium pump, and Na+/Ca+ exchanger. Considering these pharmacological profile, amiodarone may affect the influx–efflux balance of sodium ion in the hypoxic–ischemic brain. Previous studies suggest that the blockade of the voltage-gated sodium channel during hypoxic–ischemic brain injury exerts neuroprotection. On the contrary, the blockade of sodium pump or Na+/Ca+ exchanger during hypoxia–ischemia may cause further intracellular sodium accumulation and consequent osmotic cell death. From these perspectives, the effects of amiodarone on sodium ion balance on the hypoxic–ischemic brain can be both protective and detrimental depending on the clinical and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect of amiodarone on hypoxic–ischemic brain injury using a murine experimental model. Results Compared with the control group mice, mice that received amiodarone after induction of 40-min hypoxic–ischemic brain injury exhibited lower survival rates over 7 days and worse neurological function. After 25-min hypoxic–ischemic brain injury, amiodarone treated mice exhibited larger infarct volumes (16.0 ± 6.9 vs. 24.2 ± 6.8 mm3, P < 0.05) and worse neurological function. In addition, the brains harvested from the amiodarone-treated mice contained larger amounts of sodium (194.7 ± 45.1 vs. 253.5 ± 50.9 mEq/kg dry weight, P < 0.01) and water (259.3 ± 8.9 vs. 277.2 ± 12.5 mg, P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic parameters between groups. Conclusions Amiodarone exacerbated brain injuries and neurological outcomes after hypoxic–ischemic insults. Severe brain sodium accumulation and brain edema were associated with the detrimental effects of amiodarone. Amiodarone at the clinical dose can exacerbate brain injury after hypoxic–ischemic insult by affecting sodium ion transportation and facilitate intracellular sodium accumulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kotoda
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Sohei Hishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Ishiyama
- Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuha Mitsui
- Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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20
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NCX activity generates spontaneous Ca 2+ oscillations in the astrocytic leaflet microdomain. Cell Calcium 2019; 86:102137. [PMID: 31838438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synergy between synaptic Glu release and astrocytic Glu-Na+ symport is essential to the signalling function of the tripartite synapse. Here we used kinetic data of astrocytic Glu transporters (EAAT) and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) to simulate Glu release, Glu uptake and subsequent Na+ and Ca2+ dynamics in the astrocytic leaflet microdomain following single release event. Model simulations show that Glu-Na+ symport differently affect intracellular [Na+] in synapses with different extent of astrocytic coverage. Surprisingly, NCX activity alone has been shown to generate markedly stable, spontaneous Ca2+ oscillation in the astrocytic leaflet. These on-going oscillations appear when NCX operates either in the forward or reverse direction. We conjecture that intrinsic NCX activity may play a prominent role in the generation of astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations.
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Roles Played by the Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger and Hypothermia in the Prevention of Ischemia-Induced Carrier-Mediated Efflux of Catecholamines into the Extracellular Space: Implications for Stroke Therapy. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:16-33. [PMID: 31346893 PMCID: PMC6942591 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The release of [3H]dopamine ([3H]DA) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) in acutely perfused rat striatal and cortical slice preparations was measured at 37 °C and 17 °C under ischemic conditions. The ischemia was simulated by the removal of oxygen and glucose from the Krebs solution. At 37 °C, resting release rates in response to ischemia were increased; in contrast, at 17 °C, resting release rates were significantly reduced, or resting release was completely prevented. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ further increased the release rates of [3H]DA and [3H]NA induced by ischemic conditions. This finding indicated that the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), working in reverse in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, fails to trigger the influx of Ca2+ in exchange for Na+ and fails to counteract ischemia by further increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i). KB-R7943, an inhibitor of NCX, significantly reduced the cytoplasmic resting release rate of catecholamines under ischemic conditions and under conditions where Ca2+ was removed. Hypothermia inhibited the excessive release of [3H]DA in response to ischemia, even in the absence of Ca2+. These findings further indicate that the NCX plays an important role in maintaining a high [Na+]i, a condition that may lead to the reversal of monoamine transporter functions; this effect consequently leads to the excessive cytoplasmic tonic release of monoamines and the reversal of the NCX. Using HPLC combined with scintillation spectrometry, hypothermia, which enhances the stimulation-evoked release of DA, was found to inhibit the efflux of toxic DA metabolites, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). In slices prepared from human cortical brain tissue removed during elective neurosurgery, the uptake and release values for [3H]NA did not differ from those measured at 37 °C in slices that were previously maintained under hypoxic conditions at 8 °C for 20 h. This result indicates that hypothermia preserves the functions of the transport and release mechanisms, even under hypoxic conditions. Oxidative stress (H2O2), a mediator of ischemic brain injury enhanced the striatal resting release of [3H]DA and its toxic metabolites (DOPAL, quinone). The study supports our earlier findings that during ischemia transmitters are released from the cytoplasm. In addition, the major findings of this study that hypothermia of brain slice preparations prevents the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o)-independent non-vesicular transmitter release induced by ischemic insults, inhibiting Na+/Cl−-dependent membrane transport of monoamines and their toxic metabolites into the extracellular space, where they can exert toxic effects.
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Song H, Yuan S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhang P, Cao J, Li H, Li X, Shen H, Wang Z, Chen G. Sodium/Hydrogen Exchanger 1 Participates in Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage both in vivo and in vitro via Promoting Neuronal Apoptosis. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:985-1001. [PMID: 30838887 PMCID: PMC6728713 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719834873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) plays an essential role in maintaining intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological conditions, and it is also associated with neuronal death and intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ overload induced by cerebral ischemia. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in early brain injury (EBI) induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been fully explored. In this research, a SAH model in adult male rat was established through injecting autologous arterial blood into prechiasmatic cistern. Meanwhile, primary cultured cortical neurons of rat treated with 5 μM oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb) for 24 h were applied to mimic SAH in vitro. We find that the protein levels of NHE1 are significantly increased in brain tissues of rats after SAH. Downregulation of NHE1 by HOE642 (a specific chemical inhibitor of NHE1) and genetic-knockdown can effectively alleviate behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, neurondegeneration, and neuronal apoptosis, all of which are involved in EBI following SAH. However, upregulation of NHE1 by genetic-overexpression can produce opposite effects. Additionally, inhibiting NHE1 significantly attenuates OxyHb-induced neuronal apoptosis in vitro and reduces interaction of NHE1 and CHP1 both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, we can conclude that NHE1 participates in EBI induced by SAH through mediating inflammation, oxidative stress, behavioral and cognitive dysfunction, BBB injury, brain edema, and promoting neuronal degeneration and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangcheng Song
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Haimen People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Shuai Yuan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Zhuwei Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Cao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,3 Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Kotoda M, Ishiyama T, Mitsui K, Hishiyama S, Matsukawa T. Neuroprotective effects of amiodarone in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:168. [PMID: 29216818 PMCID: PMC5721470 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ion channels play a crucial role in the development of ischemic brain injury. Recent studies have reported that the blockade of various types of ion channels improves outcomes in experimental stroke models. Amiodarone, one of the most effective drugs for life-threatening arrhythmia, works as a multiple channel blocker and its characteristics cover all four Vaughan-Williams classes. Although it is known that amiodarone indirectly contributes to preventing ischemic stroke by maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation, the direct neuroprotective effect of amiodarone has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct effect of amiodarone on ischemic stroke in mice. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced via distal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in adult male mice. The amiodarone pre-treatment group received 50 mg/kg of amiodarone 1 h before MCAO; the amiodarone post-treatment groups received 50 mg/kg of amiodarone immediately after MCAO; the control group received vehicle only. In addition, the sodium channel opener veratrine and selective beta-adrenergic agonist isoprotelenol were used to elucidate the targeted pathway. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored perioperatively. Infarct volume analysis was conducted 48 h after MCAO. The body asymmetry test and the corner test were used for neurological evaluation. Results Amiodarone pre-treatment and post-treatment reduced the heart rate but did not affect the blood pressure. No mice showed arrhythmia. Compared with the control group, the amiodarone pre-treatment group had smaller infarct volumes (8.9 ± 2.1% hemisphere [mean ± SD] vs. 11.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.05) and improved functional outcomes: lower asymmetric body swing rates (52 ± 17% vs. 65 ± 18%; P < 0.05) and fewer left turns (7.1 ± 1.2 vs. 8.3 ± 1.2; P < 0.05). In contrast, amiodarone post-treatment did not improve the outcomes after MCAO. The neuroprotective effect of amiodarone pre-treatment was abolished by co-administration of veratrine but not by isoproterenol. Conclusions Amiodarone pre-treatment attenuated ischemic brain injury and improved functional outcomes without affecting heart rhythm and blood pressure. The present results showed that amiodarone pre-treatment has neuroprotective effects, at least in part, via blocking the sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kotoda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Tadahiko Ishiyama
- Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuha Mitsui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sohei Hishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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Hu HJ, Song M. Disrupted Ionic Homeostasis in Ischemic Stroke and New Therapeutic Targets. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2706-2719. [PMID: 29054733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. All neuroprotectants targeting excitotoxicity have failed to become stroke medications. In order to explore and identify new therapeutic targets for stroke, we here reviewed present studies of ionic transporters and channels that are involved in ischemic brain damage. METHOD We surveyed recent literature from animal experiments and clinical reports in the databases of PubMed and Elsevier ScienceDirect to analyze ionic mechanisms underlying ischemic cell damage and suggest promising ideas for stroke therapy. RESULTS Dysfunction of ionic transporters and disrupted ionic homeostasis are most early changes that underlie ischemic brain injury, thus receiving sustained attention in translational stroke research. The Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger, ionotropic glutamate receptor, acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), sulfonylurea receptor isoform 1 (SUR1)-regulated NCCa-ATP channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are critically involved in ischemia-induced cellular degenerating processes such as cytotoxic edema, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagic cell death. Some ionic transporters/channels also act as signalosomes to regulate cell death signaling. For acute stroke treatment, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity must be interfered within 2 hours after stroke. The SUR1-regulated NCCa-ATP channels, Na+/K+-ATPase, ASICs, and TRP channels have a much longer therapeutic window, providing new therapeutic targets for developing feasible pharmacological treatments toward acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION The next generation of stroke therapy can apply a polypharmacology strategy for which drugs are designed to target multiple ion transporters/channels or their interaction with neurotoxic signaling pathways. But a successful translation of neuroprotectants relies on in-depth analyses of cell death mechanisms and suitable animal models resembling human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingke Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang H, Li P, Xu N, Zhu L, Cai M, Yu W, Gao Y. Paradigms and mechanisms of inhalational anesthetics mediated neuroprotection against cerebral ischemic stroke. Med Gas Res 2016; 6:194-205. [PMID: 28217291 PMCID: PMC5223310 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.196901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability and cognitive dysfunction. The high mortality and disability of cerebral ischemic stroke is urging the health providers, including anesthesiologists and other perioperative professioners, to seek effective protective strategies, which are extremely limited, especially for those perioperative patients. Intriguingly, several commonly used inhalational anesthetics are recently suggested to possess neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. This review introduces multiple paradigms of inhalational anesthetic treatments that have been investigated in the setting of cerebral ischemia, such as preconditioning, proconditioning and postconditioning with a variety of inhalational anesthetics. The pleiotropic mechanisms underlying these inhalational anesthetics-afforded neuroprotection against stroke are also discussed in detail, including the common pathways shared by most of the inhalational anesthetic paradigms, such as anti-excitotoxicity, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. There are also distinct mechanisms involved in specific paradigms, such as preserving blood brain barrier integrity, regulating cerebral blood flow and catecholamine release. The ready availability of these inhalational anesthetics bedside and renders them a potentially translatable stroke therapy attracting great efforts for understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailian Wang
- Anesthesiology Department of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peiying Li
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Xu
- Anesthesiology Department of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Cai
- Anesthesiology Department of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Anesthesiology Department of Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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An C, Jiang X, Pu H, Hong D, Zhang W, Hu X, Gao Y. Severity-Dependent Long-Term Spatial Learning-Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:512-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Cerullo P, Anzilotti S, Brancaccio P, Bilo L, Scorziello A, Molinaro P, Di Renzo G, Pignataro G. Ionic homeostasis in brain conditioning. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:277. [PMID: 26321902 PMCID: PMC4530315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the current focus on developing neuroprotective therapies is aimed at preventing neuronal death. However, these approaches have not been successful despite many years of clinical trials mainly because the numerous side effects observed in humans and absent in animals used at preclinical level. Recently, the research in this field aims to overcome this problem by developing strategies which induce, mimic, or boost endogenous protective responses and thus do not interfere with physiological neurotransmission. Preconditioning is a protective strategy in which a subliminal stimulus is applied before a subsequent harmful stimulus, thus inducing a state of tolerance in which the injury inflicted by the challenge is mitigated. Tolerance may be observed in ischemia, seizure, and infection. Since it requires protein synthesis, it confers delayed and temporary neuroprotection, taking hours to develop, with a pick at 1–3 days. A new promising approach for neuroprotection derives from post-conditioning, in which neuroprotection is achieved by a modified reperfusion subsequent to a prolonged ischemic episode. Many pathways have been proposed as plausible mechanisms to explain the neuroprotection offered by preconditioning and post-conditioning. Although the mechanisms through which these two endogenous protective strategies exert their effects are not yet fully understood, recent evidence highlights that the maintenance of ionic homeostasis plays a key role in propagating these neuroprotective phenomena. The present article will review the role of protein transporters and ionic channels involved in the control of ionic homeostasis in the neuroprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning in adult brain, with particular regards to the Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), the Na+/H+ exchange (NHE), the Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransport (NKCC) and the acid-sensing cation channels (ASIC). Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability. Up until now, all clinical trials testing potential stroke neuroprotectants failed. For this reason attention of researchers has been focusing on the identification of brain endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms activated after cerebral ischemia. In this context, ischemic preconditioning and ischemic post-conditioning represent two neuroprotecive strategies to investigate in order to identify new molecular target to reduce the ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Cerullo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Brancaccio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Leonilda Bilo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Renzo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples Naples, Italy
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Wang Y, Reis C, Applegate R, Stier G, Martin R, Zhang JH. Ischemic conditioning-induced endogenous brain protection: Applications pre-, per- or post-stroke. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:26-40. [PMID: 25900056 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the area of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, a plethora of experimental and clinical evidence strongly indicates the promise of therapeutically exploiting the endogenous adaptive system at various levels like triggers, mediators and the end-effectors to stimulate and mobilize intrinsic protective capacities against brain injuries. It is believed that ischemic pre-conditioning and post-conditioning are actually the strongest known interventions to stimulate the innate neuroprotective mechanism to prevent or reverse neurodegenerative diseases including stroke and traumatic brain injury. Recently, studies showed the effectiveness of ischemic per-conditioning in some organs. Therefore the term ischemic conditioning, including all interventions applied pre-, per- and post-ischemia, which spans therapeutic windows in 3 time periods, has recently been broadly accepted by scientific communities. In addition, it is extensively acknowledged that ischemia-mediated protection not only affects the neurons but also all the components of the neurovascular network (consisting of neurons, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and venule/veins). The concept of cerebroprotection has been widely used in place of neuroprotection. Intensive studies on the cellular signaling pathways involved in ischemic conditioning have improved the mechanistic understanding of tolerance to cerebral ischemia. This has added impetus to exploration for potential pharmacologic mimetics, which could possibly induce and maximize inherent protective capacities. However, most of these studies were performed in rodents, and the efficacy of these mimetics remains to be evaluated in human patients. Several classical signaling pathways involving apoptosis, inflammation, or oxidation have been elaborated in the past decades. Newly characterized mechanisms are emerging with the advances in biotechnology and conceptual renewal. In this review we are going to focus on those recently reported methodological and mechanistic discoveries in the realm of ischemic conditioning. Due to the varied time differences of ischemic conditioning in different animal models and clinical trials, it is important to define optimal timing to achieve the best conditioning induced neuroprotection. This brings not only an opportunity in the treatment of stroke, but challenges as well, as data is just becoming available and the procedures are not yet optimized. The purpose of this review is to shed light on exploiting these ischemic conditioning modalities to protect the cerebrovascular system against diverse injuries and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Physiology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Applegate
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gary Stier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Robert Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Chang HB, Gao X, Nepomuceno R, Hu S, Sun D. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in the regulation of platelet activation and paradoxical effects of cariporide. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:11-6. [PMID: 25595121 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cell fragments derived from mature megakaryocytes and function in hemostasis when the endothelium is injured. Hemostasis involving platelets can be divided into four phases: adhesion, activation, secretion, and aggregation. Platelet activation requires a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations and results in both a morphological change and the secretion of platelet granule contents. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) regulates the intracellular pH (pHi) and the volume of platelets. In addition, NHE1 plays a large role in platelet activation. Thrombus generation involves NHE1 activation and an increase in [Ca(2+)]i, which results from NHE1-mediated Na(+) overload and the reversal of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. Cariporide (HOE-642), a potent NHE1 inhibitor, has inhibitory effects on the degranulation of human platelets, the formation of platelet-leukocyte-aggregates, and the activation of the GPIIb/IIIa receptor (PAC-1). However, despite the demonstrated protection against myocardial infarction as mediated by cariporide in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the EXPEDITION clinical trial revealed that cariporide treatment increased mortality due to thromboembolic stroke. These findings suggest that a better understanding of NHE1 and its effect on platelet function and procoagulant factor regulation is warranted in order to develop therapies using NHE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Dept. of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | | | - Shaoshan Hu
- Dept. of Neurological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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MicroRNA-103-1 selectively downregulates brain NCX1 and its inhibition by anti-miRNA ameliorates stroke damage and neurological deficits. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1829-38. [PMID: 24954474 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Na(+)/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a plasma membrane transporter that, by regulating Ca2+ and Na(+) homeostasis, contributes to brain stroke damage. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether there might be miRNAs in the brain able to regulate NCX1 expression and, thereafter, to set up a valid therapeutic strategy able to reduce stroke-induced brain damage by regulating NCX1 expression. Thus, we tested whether miR-103-1, a microRNA belonging to the miR-103/107 family that on the basis of sequence analysis might be a potential NCX1 regulator, could control NCX1 expression. The role of miR-103-1 was assessed in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia by evaluating the effect of the correspondent antimiRNA on both brain infarct volume and neurological deficits. NCX1 expression was dramatically reduced when cortical neurons were exposed to miR-103-1. This alleged tight regulation of NCX1 by miR-103-1 was further corroborated by luciferase assay. Notably, antimiR-103-1 prevented NCX1 protein downregulation induced by the increase in miR-103-1 after brain ischemia, thereby reducing brain damage and neurological deficits. Overall, the identification of a microRNA able to selectively regulate NCX1 in the brain clarifies a new important molecular mechanism of NCX1 regulation in the brain and offers the opportunity to develop a new therapeutic strategy for stroke.
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Sun D, Kahle KT. Dysregulation of diverse ion transport pathways controlling cell volume homoestasis contribute to neuroglial cell injury following ischemic stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:1-2. [PMID: 24464825 PMCID: PMC3913849 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15217, USA,
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