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Shaked I, Foo C, Mächler P, Liu R, Cui Y, Ji X, Broggini T, Kaminski T, Suryakant Jadhav S, Sundd P, Firer M, Devor A, Friedman B, Kleinfeld D. A lone spike in blood glucose can enhance the thrombo-inflammatory response in cortical venules. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:252-271. [PMID: 37737093 PMCID: PMC10993879 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
How transient hyperglycemia contributes to cerebro-vascular disease has been a challenge to study under controlled physiological conditions. We use amplified, ultrashort laser-pulses to physically disrupt brain-venule endothelium at targeted locations. This vessel disruption is performed in conjunction with transient hyperglycemia from a single injection of metabolically active D-glucose into healthy mice. The observed real-time responses to laser-induced disruption include rapid serum extravasation, platelet aggregation, and neutrophil recruitment. Thrombo-inflammation is pharmacologically ameliorated by a platelet inhibitor, by a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and by a nitric oxide donor. As a control, vessel thrombo-inflammation is significantly reduced in mice injected with metabolically inert L-glucose. Venules in mice with diabetes show a similar response to laser-induced disruption and damage is reduced by restoration of normo-glycemia. Our approach provides a controlled method to probe synergies between transient metabolic and physical vascular perturbations and can reveal new aspects of brain pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Shaked
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Conrad Foo
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philipp Mächler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz Kaminski
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Prithu Sundd
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Firer
- The Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Friedman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2
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Kotova DA, Ivanova AD, Pochechuev MS, Kelmanson IV, Khramova YV, Tiaglik A, Sudoplatov MA, Trifonova AP, Fedotova A, Morozova K, Katrukha VA, Sergeeva AD, Raevskii RI, Pestriakova MP, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Tsopina AS, Moshchenko AA, Shestopalova M, Zalygin A, Fedotov IV, Fedotov AB, Oleinikov V, Belousov VV, Semyanov A, Brazhe N, Zheltikov AM, Bilan DS. Hyperglycemia exacerbates ischemic stroke not through increased generation of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:153-164. [PMID: 37543166 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the significant risk factors for ischemic stroke. Hyperglycemia exacerbates the pathogenesis of stroke, leading to more extensive cerebral damage and, as a result, to more severe consequences. However, the mechanism whereby the hyperglycemic status in diabetes affects biochemical processes during the development of ischemic injury is still not fully understood. In the present work, we record for the first time the real-time dynamics of H2O2 in the matrix of neuronal mitochondria in vitro in culture and in vivo in the brain tissues of rats during development of ischemic stroke under conditions of hyperglycemia and normal glucose levels. To accomplish this, we used a highly sensitive HyPer7 biosensor and a fiber-optic interface technology. We demonstrated that a high glycemic status does not affect the generation of H2O2 in the tissues of the ischemic core, while significantly exacerbating the consequences of pathogenesis. For the first time using Raman microspectroscopy approach, we have shown how a sharp increase in the blood glucose level increases the relative amount of reduced cytochromes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain in neurons under normal conditions in awake mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khramova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alisa Tiaglik
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University , Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Mark A Sudoplatov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Arina P Trifonova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Anna Fedotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Kseniia Morozova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Veronika A Katrukha
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Sergeeva
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Mariia P Pestriakova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Tsopina
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Moshchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Milena Shestopalova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Anton Zalygin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia; National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - Vladimir Oleinikov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119435, Russia; College of Medicine, Jiaxing University , Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, 314001, China
| | - Nadezda Brazhe
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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Li Z, Hui J, Li S, Cao T, Zhang J, Mao X, Wang F, Wang F, He P, You Y, Xi G. Trimethylamine N-oxide predicts stroke severity in diabetic patients with acute ischaemic stroke and is related to glycemic variability. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3478-3486. [PMID: 35020253 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present study analyzed the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and stroke severity in diabetic patients with acute ischaemic stroke. A further aim was to investigate whether higher TMAO levels were associated with platelet aggregation and glycemic variability. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of 108 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing acute ischaemic stroke and 60 healthy controls. Fasting plasma TMAO was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with online electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Plasma TMAO levels of patients with acute ischaemic stroke were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. Amongst stroke patients, 50 were defined as undergoing mild stroke, and their plasma TMAO levels were lower compared to those with moderate to severe stroke. Platelet aggregation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions were both correlated with plasma TMAO levels and these relationships remained significant in multiple linear regression analyses. Moreover, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed a diet enriched with choline to increase TMAO synthesis, platelet aggregation was significantly increased in the DM + choline and fluctuating DM (FDM) + choline groups compared to the control group. This increase was abolished in rats receiving oral antibiotics, which markedly reduced plasma TMAO levels. Importantly, compared with the DM + choline group, the FDM + choline group displayed significantly elevated TMAO levels and higher platelet aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that higher plasma TMAO levels were associated with stroke severity and suggested a novel link between plasma TMAO levels and glycemic variability in diabetic patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiwang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojie Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Suya Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - TingTing Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuqiang Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiping You
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangjun Xi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Mannismäki L, Martinez-Majander N, Sibolt G, Suomalainen OP, Bäcklund K, Abou Elseoud A, Järveläinen J, Forss N, Curtze S. Association of admission plasma glucose level and cerebral computed tomographic perfusion deficit volumes. J Neurol Sci 2023; 451:120722. [PMID: 37393736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is frequent and associated with worse outcome. Yet, strict glycemic control in AIS patients has failed to yield beneficial outcome. So far, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of admission hyperglycemia in AIS have remained not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the yet equivocal association of hyperglycemia with computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) deficit volumes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included 832 consecutive AIS and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients who underwent CTP as a part of screening for recanalization treatment (stroke code) between 3/2018 and 10/2020, from the prospective cohort of Helsinki Stroke Quality Registry. Associations of admission glucose level (AGL) and CTP deficit volumes, namely ischemic core, defined as relative cerebral blood flow <30%, and hypoperfusion lesions Time-to-maximum (Tmax) >6 s and Tmax >10s, as determined with RAPID® software, were analyzed with a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, C-reactive protein, and time from symptom onset to imaging. RESULTS AGL median was 6.8 mmol/L (interquartile range 5.9-8.0 mmol/L), and 222 (27%) patients were hyperglycemic (glucose >7.8 mmol/L) on admission. In non-diabetic patients (643 [77%]), AGL was significantly associated with volume of Tmax. >6 s (regression coefficient [RC] 4.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-9.1), of Tmax >10s (RC 4.6, 95% CI 1.2-8.1), and of ischemic core (RC 2.6, 95% CI 0.64-4.6). No significant associations were shown in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION Admission hyperglycemia appears to be associated with both larger volume of hypoperfusion lesions and of ischemic core in non-diabetic stroke code patients with AIS and TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mannismäki
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nicolas Martinez-Majander
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerli Sibolt
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli P Suomalainen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Bäcklund
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Abou Elseoud
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Järveläinen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Forss
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Curtze
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Gutiérrez-Zúñiga R, Alonso de Leciñana M, Delgado-Mederos R, Gállego-Cullere J, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Martínez-Zabaleta M, Freijo M, Portilla JC, Gil-Núñez A, Díez Sebastián J, Lisbona A, Díez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B. Beyond hyperglycemia: glycaemic variability as a prognostic factor after acute ischemic stroke. Neurologia 2023; 38:150-158. [PMID: 37059570 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycaemic variability (GV) refers to variations in blood glucose levels, and may affect stroke outcomes. This study aims to assess the effect of GV on acute ischaemic stroke progression. METHODS We performed an exploratory analysis of the multicentre, prospective, observational GLIAS-II study. Capillary glucose levels were measured every 4 hours during the first 48 hours after stroke, and GV was defined as the standard deviation of the mean glucose values. The primary outcomes were mortality and death or dependency at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital complications, stroke recurrence, and the impact of the route of insulin administration on GV. RESULTS A total of 213 patients were included. Higher GV values were observed in patients who died (n = 16; 7.8%; 30.9 mg/dL vs 23.3 mg/dL; p = 0.05). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and comorbidity, both GV (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.003-1.06; p = 0.03) and stroke severity (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.2; p = 0.004) were independently associated with mortality at 3 months. No association was found between GV and the other outcomes. Patients receiving subcutaneous insulin showed higher GV than those treated with intravenous insulin (38.95 mg/dL vs 21.34 mg/dL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High GV values during the first 48 hours after ischaemic stroke were independently associated with mortality. Subcutaneous insulin may be associated with higher VG levels than intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Alonso de Leciñana
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - R Delgado-Mederos
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - J Gállego-Cullere
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - M Rodríguez-Yáñez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - M Martínez-Zabaleta
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España
| | - M Freijo
- Servicio de Neurología, IIS Biocruces-Bizkaia, Bilbao, España
| | - J C Portilla
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
| | - A Gil-Núñez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - J Díez Sebastián
- Servicio de Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A Lisbona
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - E Díez-Tejedor
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - B Fuentes
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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Lin J, Cai C, Xie Y. Acute Glycemic Variability and Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:371-379. [PMID: 35697046 DOI: 10.1055/a-1837-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dysglycemia are involved in the development of functional impairment after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between acute glycemic variability and functional outcome in patients with AIS. Cohort studies were obtained by search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to November, 2021. A random-effect model which incorporates the intra-study heterogeneity was chosen to pool the results. Ten cohort studies including 3038 patients were included, and 1319 (43.4%) had poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2) up to three months after disease onset. Pooled results showed that higher acute GV was associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome, as evidenced by GV evaluated by the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG, OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.65, I2=60%, p<0.001), the coefficient of variation of blood glucose (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15 to 3.58, I2=17%, p=0.02), the range of glucose (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.83, I2=22%, p=0.005), and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.31, I2=0%, p=0.01). Subgroup analyses did not support that difference in study design, treatments for AIS, mean age of the patients, duration for GV measuring, or study quality would significantly affect the association between SDBG and functional outcome after AIS. In conclusion, higher acute glycemic variability may predict poor functional outcome within 3 months after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Yituan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, China
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7
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Ji X, Tian L, Yao S, Han F, Niu S, Qu C. A Systematic Review of Body Fluids Biomarkers Associated With Early Neurological Deterioration Following Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:918473. [PMID: 35711907 PMCID: PMC9196239 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.918473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are objectively measured biological properties of normal and pathological processes. Early neurological deterioration (END) refers to the deterioration of neurological function in a short time after the onset of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and is associated with adverse outcomes. Although multiple biomarkers have been found to predict END, there are currently no suitable biomarkers to be applied in routine stroke care. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, we present a systematic review, concentrating on body fluids biomarkers that have shown potential to be transferred into clinical practice. We also describe newly reported body fluids biomarkers that can supply different insights into the mechanism of END. In our review, 40 scientific papers were included. Depending on the various mechanisms, sources or physicochemical characteristics of body fluids biomarkers, we classified related biomarkers as inflammation, protease, coagulation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and excitatory neurotoxicity. The body fluids biomarkers whose related articles are limited or mechanisms are unknown are categorized as other biomarkers. The inflammation-related biomarkers, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and hypersensitive C-reactive protein, play a crucial role among the mentioned biomarkers. Considering the vast heterogeneity of stroke progression, using a single body fluids biomarker may not accurately predict the risk of stroke progression, and it is necessary to combine multiple biomarkers (panels, scores, or indices) to improve their capacity to estimate END.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotan Ji
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Long Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shumei Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyue Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shenna Niu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanqiang Qu,
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8
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Lin J, Cai C, Xie Y, Yi L. Acute glycemic variability and mortality of patients with acute stroke: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:69. [PMID: 35538585 PMCID: PMC9092773 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased glucose fluctuation has been related to poor prognosis in patients with critical illnesses, while its prognostic role in patients with acute stroke remains unknown. The meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the acute glycemic variation (GV) and mortality risk in patients with acute stroke. METHODS Cohort studies were obtained by searching Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang and CNKI databases. A random-effect model which incorporates the intra-study heterogeneity was chosen to pool the results. RESULTS Ten cohort studies with 1433 patients were included, and 280 (19.5%) of them died within 90 days of disease onset. Results of the meta-analyses showed that a higher acute GV was associated with an increased risk of early mortality in patients with acute stroke, as indicated by GV measured with the coefficient of variation of blood glucose (CVBG, odds ratio [OR]: 2.24, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.58, p < 0.001, I2 = 73%), the standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG, OR: 2.31, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.13, p < 0.001, I2 = 50%), and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (OR: 3.57, 95% CI 1.44 to 8.85, p = 0.006, I2 = 23%). For acute GV measured with CVBG and SDBG, subgroup analyses showed consistent results in patients with acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and for studies reporting 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality (p for subgroup analysis all > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher acute GV may be an independent risk factor of early mortality in patients with acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Lin
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Chunsheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Yituan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Yang X, Qiang Q, Li N, Feng P, Wei W, Hölscher C. Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Based Therapies in Ischemic Stroke: An Update Based on Preclinical Research. Front Neurol 2022; 13:844697. [PMID: 35370875 PMCID: PMC8964641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.844697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The public and social health burdens of ischemic stroke have been increasing worldwide. Hyperglycemia leads to a greater risk of stroke. This increased risk is commonly seen among patients with diabetes and is in connection with worsened clinical conditions and higher mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Therapy for stroke focuses mainly on restoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and ameliorating neurological impairment caused by stroke. Although choices of stroke treatment remain limited, much advance have been achieved in assisting patients in recovering from ischemic stroke, along with progress of recanalization therapy through pharmacological and mechanical thrombolysis. However, it is still necessary to develop neuroprotective therapies for AIS to protect the brain against injury before and during reperfusion, prolong the time window for intervention, and consequently improve neurological prognosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are broadly regarded as effective drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Preclinical data on GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs have displayed an impressive neuroprotective efficacy in stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the preclinical studies in the past decade, we review recent progress in the biological roles of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs in ischemic stroke. Emphasis will be placed on their neuroprotective effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia stroke at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Qiang
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenshi Wei
- Department of Neurology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Contemporary Neuroprotection Strategies during Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312747. [PMID: 34886474 PMCID: PMC8657178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Open-heart surgery is the leading cause of neuronal injury in the perioperative state, with some patients complicating with cerebrovascular accidents and delirium. Neurological fallout places an immense burden on the psychological well-being of the person affected, their family, and the healthcare system. Several randomised control trials (RCTs) have attempted to identify therapeutic and interventional strategies that reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in patients that experience perioperative neurological complications. However, there is still no consensus on the best strategy that yields improved patient outcomes, such that standardised neuroprotection protocols do not exist in a significant number of anaesthesia departments. This review aims to discuss contemporary evidence for preventing and managing risk factors for neuronal injury, mechanisms of injury, and neuroprotection interventions that lead to improved patient outcomes. Furthermore, a summary of existing RCTs and large observational studies are examined to determine which strategies are supported by science and which lack definitive evidence. We have established that the overall evidence for pharmacological neuroprotection is weak. Most neuroprotective strategies are based on animal studies, which cannot be fully extrapolated to the human population, and there is still no consensus on the optimal neuroprotective strategies for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Large multicenter studies using universal standardised neurological fallout definitions are still required to evaluate the beneficial effects of the existing neuroprotective techniques.
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Palaiodimou L, Lioutas VA, Lambadiari V, Theodorou A, Themistocleous M, Aponte L, Papagiannopoulou G, Foska A, Bakola E, Quispe R, Mendez L, Selim M, Novak V, Tzavellas E, Halvatsiotis P, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G. Glycemic variability of acute stroke patients and clinical outcomes: a continuous glucose monitoring study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2021; 14:17562864211045876. [PMID: 34589140 PMCID: PMC8474316 DOI: 10.1177/17562864211045876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glycemic variability (GV) has been associated with worse prognosis in
critically ill patients. We sought to evaluate the potential association
between GV indices and clinical outcomes in acute stroke patients. Methods: Consecutive diabetic and nondiabetic, acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke
patients underwent regular, standard-of-care finger-prick measurements and
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for up to 96 h. Thirteen GV indices were
obtained from CGM data. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization and
follow-up period (90 days) were recorded. Hypoglycemic episodes disclosed by
CGM but missed by finger-prick measurements were also documented. Results: A total of 62 acute stroke patients [48 ischemic and 14 hemorrhagic, median
NIHSS score: 9 (IQR: 3–16) points, mean age: 65 ± 10 years, women: 47%,
nondiabetic: 79%] were enrolled. GV expressed by higher mean absolute
glucose (MAG) values was associated with a lower likelihood of neurological
improvement during hospitalization before and after adjusting for potential
confounders (OR: 0.135, 95% CI: 0.024–0.751, p = 0.022).
There was no association of GV indices with 3-month clinical outcomes.
During CGM recording, 32 hypoglycemic episodes were detected in 17
nondiabetic patients. None of these episodes were identified by the periodic
blood glucose measurements and therefore they were not treated. Conclusions: Greater GV of acute stroke patients may be related to lower odds of
neurological improvement during hospitalization. No association was
disclosed between GV indices and 3-month clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, Medical School, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Theodorou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Themistocleous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pediatric Hospital of Athens, Agia Sophia, Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Aponte
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Papagiannopoulou
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Foska
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Bakola
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Quispe
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Mendez
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdy Selim
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vera Novak
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elias Tzavellas
- First Department of Psychiatry, Aiginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic and Diabetes Center, Medical School, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University General Hospital 'Attikon', National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece
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12
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Chen M, Wang F, Wang H. Silencing of lncRNA XLOC_035088 Protects Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Ischemic Stroke by Notch1 Signaling. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:60-70. [PMID: 33236068 PMCID: PMC7749712 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and especially in developing countries. It is crucial for finding effective therapeutic targets that protect the brain against ischemic injury. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as major regulators of neurological diseases, and clarifying their roles in cerebral ischemic injury may provide novel targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke. We aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-XLOC_035088 in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced rat brain injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-reperfusion treated hippocampal neurons. In our findings, we found that XLOC_035088 expression was significantly upregulated in OGD-reperfusion treated hippocampal neurons and in different brain regions of MCAO-treated rats. XLOC_035088 silencing protected against MCAO-induced ischemic brain injury in vivo and OGD-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Intrahippocampal silencing of XLOC_035088 significantly decreased brain XLOC_035088 expression, reduced brain infarct size, and improved neurological function through inhibiting NOTCH1 following derepression of presenilin 2 (PSEN2). Taken together, this study provides evidence that the lncRNA XLOC_035088/PSEN2/Notch1 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, and presents a promising therapeutic route for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FW), Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hairong Wang
- From the Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital, Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Fuentes B, Pastor-Yborra S, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga R, González-Pérez de Villar N, de Celis E, Rodríguez-Pardo J, Gómez-de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Ortega-Casarrubios MÁ, Soto A, López-Fernández M, Santamaría M, Díez-González N, Freijo MM, Zandio B, Delgado-Mederos R, Calleja A, Portilla-Cuenca JC, Lisbona A, Otero-Ortega L, Díez-Tejedor E. Glycemic variability: prognostic impact on acute ischemic stroke and the impact of corrective treatment for hyperglycemia. The GLIAS-III translational study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:414. [PMID: 33148277 PMCID: PMC7610240 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glycemic variability (GV) represents the amplitude of oscillations in glucose levels over time and is associated with higher mortality in critically ill patients. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of GV on acute ischemic stroke (IS) outcomes in humans and explore the impact of two different insulin administration routes on GV in an animal model. Methods This translational study consists of two studies conducted in parallel: The first study is an observational, multicenter, prospective clinical study in which 340 patients with acute IS will be subcutaneously implanted a sensor to continuously monitor blood glucose levels for 96 h. The second study is a basic experimental study using an animal model (rats) with permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and induced hyperglycemia (through an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin). The animal study will include the following 6 groups (10 animals per group): sham; hyperglycemia without IS; IS without hyperglycemia; IS and hyperglycemia without treatment; IS and hyperglycemia and intravenous insulin; and IS and hyperglycemia and subcutaneous insulin. The endpoint for the first study is mortality at 3 months, while the endpoints for the animal model study are GV, functional recovery and biomarkers. Discussion The GLIAS-III study will be the first translational approach analyzing the prognostic influence of GV, evaluated by the use of subcutaneous glucose monitors, in acute stroke. Trial registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04001049)
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Fuentes
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Pastor-Yborra
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí González-Pérez de Villar
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de Celis
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Pardo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - MÁngeles Ortega-Casarrubios
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Soto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - María Santamaría
- Department of Neurology, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Mar M Freijo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Zandio
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Calleja
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Arturo Lisbona
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience Area, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Gutiérrez-Zúñiga R, Alonso de Leciñana M, Delgado-Mederos R, Gállego-Cullere J, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Martínez-Zabaleta M, Freijo M, Portilla JC, Gil-Núñez A, Díez Sebastián J, Lisbona A, Díez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B. Beyond hyperglycemia: glycaemic variability as a prognostic factor after acute ischemic stroke. Neurologia 2020; 38:S0213-4853(20)30272-3. [PMID: 33069448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycaemic variability (GV) refers to variations in blood glucose levels, and may affect stroke outcomes. This study aims to assess the effect of GV on acute ischaemic stroke progression. METHODS We performed an exploratory analysis of the multicentre, prospective, observational GLIAS-II study. Capillary glucose levels were measured every 4 hours during the first 48 hours after stroke, and GV was defined as the standard deviation of the mean glucose values. The primary outcomes were mortality and death or dependency at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital complications, stroke recurrence, and the impact of the route of insulin administration on GV. RESULTS A total of 213 patients were included. Higher GV values were observed in patients who died (n = 16; 7.8%; 30.9 mg/dL vs 23.3 mg/dL; p = 0.05). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and comorbidity, both GV (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.003-1.06; p = 0.03) and stroke severity (OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.2; p = 0.004) were independently associated with mortality at 3 months. No association was found between GV and the other outcomes. Patients receiving subcutaneous insulin showed higher GV than those treated with intravenous insulin (38.95 mg/dL vs 21.34 mg/dL; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS High GV values during the first 48 hours after ischaemic stroke were independently associated with mortality. Subcutaneous insulin may be associated with higher VG levels than intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gutiérrez-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Alonso de Leciñana
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - R Delgado-Mederos
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - J Gállego-Cullere
- Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - M Rodríguez-Yáñez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - M Martínez-Zabaleta
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, España
| | - M Freijo
- Servicio de Neurología, IIS Biocruces-Bizkaia, Bilbao, España
| | - J C Portilla
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
| | - A Gil-Núñez
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - J Díez Sebastián
- Servicio de Bioestadística, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A Lisbona
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - E Díez-Tejedor
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - B Fuentes
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
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15
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Mens Sana in Corpore Sano: Does the Glycemic Index Have a Role to Play? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102989. [PMID: 33003562 PMCID: PMC7599769 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet interventions are mostly related to metabolic disorders, nowadays they are used in a wide variety of pathologies. From diabetes and obesity to cardiovascular diseases, to cancer or neurological disorders and stroke, nutritional recommendations are applied to almost all diseases. Among such disorders, metabolic disturbances and brain function and/or diseases have recently been shown to be linked. Indeed, numerous neurological functions are often associated with perturbations of whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, specific diets are used in various neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, stroke, or seizure recovery. In addition, Alzheimer’s disease and Autism Spectrum Disorders are also considered to be putatively improved by diet interventions. Glycemic index diets are a novel developed indicator expected to anticipate the changes in blood glucose induced by specific foods and how they can affect various physiological functions. Several results have provided indications of the efficiency of low-glycemic index diets in weight management and insulin sensitivity, but also cognitive function, epilepsy treatment, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, studies involving the glycemic index can provide new insights into the relationship between energy homeostasis regulation and brain function or related disorders. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize the main evidence on glycemic index involvement in brain mechanisms of energy homeostasis regulation.
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16
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Cai Y, Wang C, Di W, Li W, Liu J, Zhou S. Correlation between blood glucose variability and the risk of death in patients with severe acute stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:582-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Amin EF, Rifaai RA, Abdel-Latif RG. Empagliflozin attenuates transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in hyperglycemic rats via repressing oxidative-inflammatory-apoptotic pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:548-558. [PMID: 32068294 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the ischemic neuronal damage triggers that exacerbate the response to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor, was shown to effectively reduce hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity besides improving glycemic control in diabetics. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin against cerebral I/R injury in hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), and transient cerebral I/R was induced by bilateral common carotid occlusion for 30 min followed by 24-h reperfusion. Either empagliflozin (10 mg/kg; i.p.) or gliclazide (2 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered at 1 and 24 h after reperfusion. Treatment with empagliflozin showed a significant amelioration of behavioral/neurological functions and histopathological changes observed in brain tissues of hyperglycemic rats subjected to cerebral I/R injury. Comparable to gliclazide, empagliflozin decreased cerebral infarct volume along with suppression of cerebral oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers in brain tissues of hyperglycemic I/R-injured rats. These findings suggested that empagliflozin can significantly alleviate neuronal damage resulting from global I/R injury induced in hyperglycemic rats. The proposed neuroprotective effect of empagliflozin may be attributed to its glycemic control effect and related antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar F Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Rifaai
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Rania G Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
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Lee SH, Jang MU, Kim Y, Park SY, Kim C, Kim YJ, Sohn JH. Effect of Prestroke Glycemic Variability Estimated Glycated Albumin on Stroke Severity and Infarct Volume in Diabetic Patients Presenting With Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:230. [PMID: 32373074 PMCID: PMC7186307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated whether prestroke glycemic variability, represented by glycated albumin (GA), affects the initial stroke severity and infarct volume in diabetic patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We evaluated a total of 296 acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized within 48 h of stroke onset. GA was measured in all acute ischemic stroke patients consecutively during the study period. The primary outcome was the initial National Institute Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. The secondary outcome was infarct volume on diffusion-weighted imaging, which was performed within 24 h of stroke onset. Higher GA (≥16.0%) was determined to reflect glycemic fluctuation prior to ischemic stroke. Results: The number of patients with higher GA was 217 (73.3%). The prevalence of a severe initial NIHSS score (>14) was higher in patients with higher GA than in those with lower GA (3.8% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.01). The proportion of participants in the highest quartile of infarct volume was higher in the higher GA group (11.4% vs. 36.4%, p < 0.001). A multivariable analysis showed that higher GA was significantly associated with a severe NIHSS score (odds ratio, [95% confidence interval], 7.99 [1.75-36.45]) and large infarct volume (3.76 [1.05-13.45]). Conclusions: Prestroke glucose variability estimated by GA was associated with an increased risk of severe initial stroke severity and large infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Uk Jang
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Hee Sohn
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Nukui S, Akiyama H, Soga K, Takao N, Tsuchihashi Y, Iijima N, Hasegawa Y. Risk of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:104346. [PMID: 31548085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with acute ischemic stroke, current guidelines recommend maintaining blood glucose levels in a range of 140-180 mg/dL and closely monitoring to prevent hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dL). We aimed to assess glucose variability by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to demonstrate the risk of acute ischemic stroke patients with glucose levels outside of the glucose management recommendations. METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke admitted within 7 days after onset were prospectively enrolled, and their blood glucose levels were monitored every 15 minutes for 72-hour period using the FreeStyle Libre Pro. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze potential predictors for hyperglycemic (>180 mg/dL) and hypoglycemic (<60 mg/dL) events. RESULTS A total of 39 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age 75.9 ± 11.5 years) were enrolled, and CGM was started from 58.6 ± 41.9 hours after stroke onset. CGM showed hypoglycemic events in 19 patients and hyperglycemic events in 21 patients, and the frequencies of hypo- and hyperglycemic events during CGM were 10.1 ± 15.7% and 11.9 ± 22.5%, respectively. Hypoglycemic events were mainly observed in the night-time in patients with normoglycemia at admission. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant associations between the blood glucose level at admission and hypo- and hyperglycemic events on CGM. CONCLUSIONS This study of CGM found that many stroke patients have blood glucose levels outside the recommended guideline range in the acute phase. Blood glucose level on admission may be used as a predictor for hypo- and hyperglycemic events after admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Nukui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisanao Akiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kaima Soga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Takao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tsuchihashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Iijima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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20
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Dong X, Nao J, Gao Y. Peripheral Monocyte Count Predicts Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with rtPA Thrombolysis. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:469-477. [PMID: 31478125 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of the monocyte count as a prognostic biomarker on 90 days in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) thrombolysis. In total, 206 patients with AIS treated in our institute between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. All patients received rtPA thrombolytic therapy within 4.5 h of AIS onset. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, patients were divided into two groups according to monocyte count: a low monocyte count (LMC) group (monocytes < 0.53 × 109/L) and a high monocyte count (HMC) group (monocytes ≥ 0.53 × 109/L). Patients' functional outcomes 90 days after AIS were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale. More patients had a poor outcome in the HMC group than in the LMC group (49.32% vs.31.58%, p = 0.012). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that infarct volume (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.04, p < 0.001), systolic pressure at admission (odds ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.04, p = 0.016), fasting blood glucose at admission (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.67, p < 0.001), and monocyte count ≥ 0.53 × 109/L (odds ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval 1.09-4.62, p = 0.028) were independently associated with a poor outcome in AIS patients treated with rtPA thrombolysis. A peripheral monocyte count ≥ 0.53 × 109/L is an independent prognostic marker on 90-days in patients with AIS treated with rtPA thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Palaiodimou L, Lioutas VA, Lambadiari V, Paraskevas GP, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G. Glycemia management in acute ischemic stroke: current concepts and novel therapeutic targets. Postgrad Med 2019; 131:423-437. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2019.1651206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Palaiodimou
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University Medical School, “Attikon” University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- Cognitive and Movement Disorders Unit and Unit of Neurochemistry and Biological Markers, First Department of Neurology, “Eginition” University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Voumvourakis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Chen L, Geng L, Chen J, Yan Y, Yang L, Zhao J, Sun Q, He J, Bai L, Wang X. Effects of Urinary Kallidinogenase on NIHSS score, mRS score, and fasting glucose levels in acute ischemic stroke patients with abnormal glucose metabolism: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17008. [PMID: 31464958 PMCID: PMC6736392 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary kallidinogenase may assist recovery acute ischemic stroke. This study evaluated the effect of urinary kallidinogenase on National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, and fasting glucose levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) combined with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose.Patients with AIS and abnormal glucose metabolism were enrolled in this prospective cohort study and divided into 2 groups. The human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) group were treated with urinary kallidinogenase and standard treatment; the control group received standard treatment. NIHSS scores, mRS scores, and fasting blood glucose were evaluated and compared.A total of 113 patients were included: 58 in the HUK group and 55 in the control group. NIHSS scores decreased with treatment in both groups (time effect P < .05), but were lower in the HUK group (main effect P = .026). The mRS score decreased in both groups from 10 until 90 days after treatment (time effect P < .05); the 2 groups were similar (main effect, P = .130). Blood glucose levels decreased in both groups 10 days after treatment (time effect, P < .05), but there was no significant treatment effect (main effect, P = .635). Multivariate analysis showed blood uric acid >420 μmol/L (odds ratio [OR]: 0.053, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.008-0.350; P = .002) and application of HUK (OR: 0.217, 95% CI: 0.049-0.954; P = .043) were associated with 90% NIHSS recovery. Baseline NIHSS score was independently associated with poor curative effect.Urinary kallidinogenase with conventional therapy significantly improved NIHSS scores in patients with AIS. Urinary kallidinogenase also showed a trend toward lower fasting blood glucose levels, although the level did not reach significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Department of Neurology, The first hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang
| | - Lianxia Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Junna He
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Burchell SR, Tang J, Zhang JH. Hematoma Expansion Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms Targeting the Coagulation Cascade and Platelet Activation. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 18:1329-1344. [PMID: 28378693 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170329152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematoma expansion (HE), defined as a greater than 33% increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume within the first 24 hours, results in significant neurological deficits, and enhancement of ICH-induced primary and secondary brain injury. An escalation in the use of oral anticoagulants has led to a surge in the incidences of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH (OAT-ICH), which has been associated with a greater risk for HE and worse functional outcomes following ICH. The oral anticoagulants in use include vitamin K antagonists, and direct thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors. Fibrinolytic agents are also frequently administered. These all act via differing mechanisms and thus have varying degrees of impact on HE and ICH outcome. Additionally, antiplatelet medications have also been increasingly prescribed, and result in increased bleeding risks and worse outcomes after ICH. Aspirin, thienopyridines, and GPIIb/IIIa receptor blockers are some of the most common agents in use clinically, and also have different effects on ICH and hemorrhage growth, based on their mechanisms of action. Recent studies have found that reduced platelet activity may be more effective in predicting ICH risk, hemorrhage expansion, and outcomes, than antiplatelet agents, and activating platelets may thus be a novel target for ICH therapy. This review explores how dysfunctions or alterations in the coagulation and platelet cascades can lead to, and/or exacerbate, hematoma expansion following intracerebral hemorrhage, and describe the mechanisms behind these effects and the drugs that induce them. We also discuss potential future therapy aimed at increasing platelet activity after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrefa R Burchell
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda CA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda CA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda CA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda CA, USA
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24
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The initial glycemic variability is associated with early neurological deterioration in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1571-1577. [PMID: 29869743 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The association between glycemic variability and early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. This study attempted to explore whether initial glycemic variability increases END in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. We enrolled type 2 diabetic patients undergoing acute ischemic stroke from November 2015 to November 2016. A total of 336 patients within 72 h from stroke onset were included. The serum glucose levels were checked four times per day during the initial 3 hospital days. The standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) values and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) were calculated for glycemic variability. END was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥ 2 points between hospital days 0 and 5. The frequencies of END and HbA1c were significantly different in subjects grouped according to tertiles of MAGE (9.09, 12.07 and 50.00%, p < 0.001 for END; 7.36 ± 1.91, 7.83 ± 1.93 and 8.56 ± 1.79, p < 0.001 for HbA1c). Compared to patients without END, patients with END had significantly higher HbA1c levels (8.30 ± 1.92 vs 7.80 ± 1.93, p = 0.043), increased SDBG (3.42 ± 1.14 vs 2.60 ± 0.96, p < 0.001), and increased MAGE (6.46 ± 2.09 vs 4.59 ± 1.91, p < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression, stroke etiology (OR 0.675; 95% CI 0.485-0.940, p = 0.020), baseline NIHSS (OR 1.086; 95% CI 1.004-1.175, p = 0.040), and MAGE (OR 1.479; 95% CI 1.162-1.882, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with END. Initial glycemic variability is associated with END in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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25
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Abdel-latif RG, Heeba GH, Taye A, Khalifa MMA. Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 analog, protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:705-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1497-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Fabian RH, Derry PJ, Rea HC, Dalmeida WV, Nilewski LG, Sikkema WKA, Mandava P, Tsai AL, Mendoza K, Berka V, Tour JM, Kent TA. Efficacy of Novel Carbon Nanoparticle Antioxidant Therapy in a Severe Model of Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in Acutely Hyperglycemic Rats. Front Neurol 2018; 9:199. [PMID: 29686642 PMCID: PMC5900022 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While oxidative stress can be measured during transient cerebral ischemia, antioxidant therapies for ischemic stroke have been clinically unsuccessful. Many antioxidants are limited in their range and/or capacity for quenching radicals and can generate toxic intermediates overwhelming depleted endogenous protection. We developed a new antioxidant class, 40 nm × 2 nm carbon nanoparticles, hydrophilic carbon clusters, conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) termed PEG-HCCs. These particles are high-capacity superoxide dismutase mimics, are effective against hydroxyl radical, and restore the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide in the vasculature. Here, we report the effects of PEG-HCCs administered during reperfusion after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) by suture in the rat under hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia occurs in one-third of stroke patients and worsens clinical outcome. In animal models, this worsening occurs largely by accelerating elaboration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion. METHODS PEG-HCCs were studied for their protective ability against hydrogen peroxide in b.End3 brain endothelial cell line and E17 primary cortical neuron cultures. In vivo, hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin injection 2 days before tMCAO. 58 Male Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed. They were injected IV with PBS or PEG-HCCs (4 mg/kg 2×) at the time of recanalization after either 90- or 120-min occlusion. Rats were survived for up to 3 days, and infarct volume characteristics and neurological functional outcome (modified Bederson Score) were assessed. RESULTS PEG-HCCs were protective against hydrogen peroxide in both culture models. In vivo improvement was found after PEG-HCCs with 90-min ischemia with reduction in infarct size (42%), hemisphere swelling (46%), hemorrhage score (53%), and improvement in Bederson score (70%) (p = 0.068-0.001). Early high mortality in the 2-h in the PBS control group precluded detailed analysis, but a trend was found in improvement in all factors, e.g., reduction in infarct volume (48%; p = 0.034) and a 56% improvement in Bederson score (p = 0.055) with PEG-HCCs. CONCLUSION This nano-antioxidant showed some improvement in several outcome measures in a severe model of tMCAO when administered at a clinically relevant time point. Long-term studies and additional models are required to assess potential for clinical use, especially for patients hyperglycemic at the time of their stroke, as these patients have the worst outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderic H. Fabian
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paul J. Derry
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Harriett Charmaine Rea
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William V. Dalmeida
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Pitchaiah Mandava
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vladimir Berka
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James M. Tour
- Departments of Chemistry, Computer Science, Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Smalley-Curl Institute and the NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Song TJ, Chang Y, Chun MY, Lee CY, Kim AR, Kim Y, Kim YJ. High Dietary Glycemic Load is Associated with Poor Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction. J Clin Neurol 2018; 14:165-173. [PMID: 29629525 PMCID: PMC5897198 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Elevated postprandial blood glucose is a critical risk factor for stroke. The dietary glycemic load (GL) and glycemic index (GI) are frequently used as markers of the postprandial blood glucose response to estimate the overall glycemic effect of diets. We hypothesized that high dietary GL, GI, or total carbohydrate intake is associated with a poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods We prospectively included 263 first-ever ischemic stroke patients who completed a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. The dietary GL, GI, and total carbohydrate intake were investigated by examining the average frequency of intake during the previous year based on reference amounts for various food items. Poor functional outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≥3 at 3 months after stroke. Results The patients were aged 65.4±11.7 years (mean±standard deviation), and 58.2% of them were male. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status, prestroke mRS score, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, body mass index, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, hemoglobin A1c, stroke classification, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, early neurological deterioration, and high-grade white-matter hyperintensities revealed that the dietary GL and total carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor functional outcome, with odds ratios for the top quartile relative to the bottom quartile of 28.93 (95% confidence interval=2.82–296.04) and 36.84 (95% confidence interval=2.99–453.42), respectively (p for trend=0.002 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast, high dietary GI was not associated with a poor functional outcome (p for trend=0.481). Conclusions Increased dietary GL and carbohydrate intake were associated with a poor short-term functional outcome after an acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Song
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Chang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Chun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Young Lee
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Ram Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Converging Clinical & Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Converging Clinical & Public Health, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Romero Kräuchi O, Valencia L, Iturri F, Mariscal Ortega A, López Gómez A, Valero R. National survey on perioperative anaesthetic management in the endovascular treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2018; 65:13-23. [PMID: 28923240 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the anaesthetic management of treatment for endovascular acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHOD A survey was designed by the SEDAR Neuroscience Section and sent to the Spanish anaesthesiology departments with a primary stroke centre between July and November 2016. RESULTS Of the 47 hospitals where endovascular treatment of AIS is performed, 37 anaesthesiology departments participated. Thirty responses were obtained; three of which were eliminated due to duplication (response rate of 72.9%). Health coverage for AIS endovascular treatment was available 24hours a day in 63% of the hospitals. The anaesthesiologist in charge of the procedure was physically present in the hospital in 55.3%. There was large inter-hospital variability in non-standard monitoring and type of anaesthesia. The most important criterion for selecting type of anaesthesia was multidisciplinary choice made by the anaesthesiologist, neurologist and neuroradiologist (59.3%). The duration of time from arrival to arterial puncture was 10-15minutes in 59.2%. In 44.4%, systolic blood pressure was maintained between 140-180mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure<105mmHg. Glycaemic levels were taken in 81.5% of hospitals. Intravenous heparinisation was performed during the procedure in 66.7% with different patterns of action. In cases of moderate neurological deterioration with no added complications, 85.2% of the included hospitals awakened and extubated the patients. CONCLUSIONS The wide variability observed in the anaesthetic management and the organization of the endovascular treatment of AIS demonstrates the need to create common guidelines for anaesthesiologists in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Romero Kräuchi
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario de Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
| | - L Valencia
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, España
| | - F Iturri
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Bilbao, Vizcaya, España
| | - A Mariscal Ortega
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - A López Gómez
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
| | - R Valero
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Range of glucose as a glycemic variability and 3-month outcome in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183894. [PMID: 28880933 PMCID: PMC5589173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) is reportedly a predictor for poor outcome in various clinical conditions. We aimed to assess whether GV during hospital admission is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and diabetes. We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with AIS from the registry of 6 tertiary hospitals between January 2013 and December 2014. For the GV index, we used a glucose level range that was divided into 4 quartiles. Multivariable binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between GV and the modified Rankin Scale score (3–6) at 3 months. We enrolled 1,504 patients with AIS and diabetes (mean age, 68.1 years; male, 57.2%), of which 35.1% had poor outcomes at 3 months. An increasing glucose range quartile was positively associated with initial neurologic severity and development of hypoglycemia during hospital admission. Multivariable analysis showed that the glucose level range quartile was associated with poor outcomes, even after adjusting for the number of glucose measurement and hypoglycemia (odds ratio [OR] Q2 vs. Q1: 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.18; OR Q3 vs. Q1: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.34–3.01; OR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.22–3.23). These associations remained significant after dichotomization according to glycated hemoglobin levels at admission. An increasing glucose level range as a GV index during hospital admission was associated with poor functional outcomes at 3 months in patients with AIS and diabetes.
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Yoon JE, Sunwoo JS, Kim JS, Roh H, Ahn MY, Woo HY, Lee KB. Poststroke glycemic variability increased recurrent cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:390-394. [PMID: 27956053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between blood glucose fluctuation and poststroke cardiovascular outcome has been largely unknown. This study attempted to evaluate whether initial glycemic variability increases cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We recruited consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from March 2005 to December 2014. A total of 674 patients with diabetes within 72 hours from stroke onset were included. The serum glucose levels were checked 4 times per day during the initial 3 hospital days. J-index, coefficients of variation and standard deviation were calculated for glycemic variability. Composite outcome (nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death) and all-cause mortality at 3 months were prospectively captured. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were done adjusting for covariates which can influence on cardiovascular outcomes. RESULTS Cardiovascular composite outcomes at 3 months were identified in 71 (10.5%): 11 (6.5%), 15 (8.9%), 18 (10.7%) and 27 (16.0%) in each J-index quartiles (P = .035). The highest quartile of J-index had significantly higher cardiovascular death (4.2%, 3.6%, 6.5% and 11.8%; P = .008). In multivariable logistic regression, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.045; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006-1.084), P = .021), NIH stroke scale (OR 1.078; 95% CI 1.024-1.134, P = .004), and the highest J-index (OR 12.058; 95% 1.890-76.912, P = .008) were significantly associated with 3-month cardiovascular composite outcome. Increased cardiovascular outcomes in highest J-index quartile were similar in both euglycemic and hyperglycemic groups. CONCLUSION The initial glycemic variability might increase cardiovascular events in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Yoon
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakjae Roh
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Young Ahn
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Woo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Camara-Lemarroy CR. Glucose and stroke: What about glycemic variability? J Neurol Sci 2017; 373:242-243. [PMID: 28131196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González" y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, Monterrey, NL 64460, Mexico.
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Glucose deficit triggers tau pathology and synaptic dysfunction in a tauopathy mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1020. [PMID: 28140402 PMCID: PMC5299397 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical investigations have highlighted a biological link between reduced brain glucose metabolism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies showed that glucose deprivation may influence amyloid beta formation in vivo but no data are available on the effect that this condition might have on tau protein metabolism. In the current paper, we investigated the effect of glucose deficit on tau phosphorylation, memory and learning, and synaptic function in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy, the h-tau mice. Compared with controls, h-tau mice with brain glucose deficit showed significant memory impairments, reduction of synaptic long-term potentiation, increased tau phosphorylation, which was mediated by the activation of P38 MAPK Kinase pathway. We believe our studies demonstrate for the first time that reduced glucose availability in the central nervous system directly triggers behavioral deficits by promoting the development of tau neuropathology and synaptic dysfunction. Since restoring brain glucose levels and metabolism could afford the opportunity to positively influence the entire AD phenotype, this approach should be considered as a novel and viable therapy for preventing and/or halting the disease progression.
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Li PY, Wang X, Stetler RA, Chen J, Yu WF. Anti-inflammatory signaling: the point of convergence for medical gases in neuroprotection against ischemic stroke. Med Gas Res 2016; 6:227-231. [PMID: 28217296 PMCID: PMC5223315 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.196906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a variety of medical gases confer neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, extending function beyond their regular clinical applications. The mechanisms underlying ischemic neuroprotection afforded by medical gases have been intensively studied over the past two decades. A number of signaling pathways have been proposed, among which anti-inflammatory signaling has been proven to be critical. Pursuit of the role for anti-inflammatory signaling may shed new light on the translational application of medical gas-afforded neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Miyagi K, Harada S, Tokuyama S. Pancreatic Changes in Nerve Growth Factor/TrkA Associated with Insulin Secretion in Cerebral Ischemia. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1747-51. [PMID: 26521825 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of blood glucose levels as a therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia plays an important role in suppressing neuronal damage. In particular, suppression of post-ischemic glucose intolerance improves cerebral ischemia. We have reported that cerebral ischemia induces glucose intolerance and an increase in plasma insulin levels. However, the mechanism of insulin secretion after cerebral ischemia is unclear. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, has high affinity for tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA). NGF/TrkA signaling is associated with neuronal survival, differentiation, and function. Recently, NGF/TrkA signaling has been reported to be associated with insulin synthesis and secretion. In the present study, we evaluated the insulin content and expression of NGF/TrkA by immunofluorescence and Western blotting after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as a cerebral ischemia model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after MCAO, insulin contents were increased in MCAO mice. The expression of NGF was increased at 6, 12, and 24 h, whereas the expression of TrkA tended to decrease in pancreas after MCAO. These results suggest that NGF/TrkA signaling is an important factor in cerebral ischemia-induced insulin synthesis and secretion in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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Regulatory T Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: how far from Clinical Translation? Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:415-9. [PMID: 27307291 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bas DF, Ozdemir AO, Colak E, Kebapci N. Higher Insulin Resistance Level is Associated with Worse Clinical Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:167-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lapchak PA. Critical early thrombolytic and endovascular reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke victims: a call for adjunct neuroprotection. Transl Stroke Res 2015; 6:345-54. [PMID: 26314402 PMCID: PMC4568436 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-015-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Today, there is an enormous amount of excitement in the field of stroke victim care due to the recent success of MR. CLEAN, SWIFT PRIME, ESCAPE, EXTEND-IA, and REVASCAT endovascular trials. Successful intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) clinical trials [i.e., National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt-PA trial, Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASSIII), and Third International Stroke study (IST-3)] also need to be emphasized. In the recent endovascular and thrombolytic trials, there is statistically significant improvement using both the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Score (mRS) scale, but neither approach promotes complete recovery in patients enrolled within any particular NIHSS or mRS score tier. Absolute improvement (mRS 0-2 at 90 days) with endovascular therapy is 13.5-31 %, whereas thrombolytics alone also significantly improve patient functional independence, but to a lesser degree (NINDS rt-PA trial 13 %). This article has 3 main goals: (1) first to emphasize the utility and cost-effectiveness of rt-PA to treat stroke; (2) second to review the recent endovascular trials with respect to efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness as a stroke treatment; and (3) to further consider and evaluate strategies to develop novel neuroprotective drugs. A thesis will be put forth so that future stroke trials and therapy development can optimally promote recovery so that stroke victims can return to "normal" life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lapchak
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Advanced Healthcare Science Pavilion, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Suite 8305, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,
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Ma S, Zhao H, Ji X, Luo Y. Peripheral to central: Organ interactions in stroke pathophysiology. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:41-9. [PMID: 26054885 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is associated with a high risk of disability and mortality, and with the exception of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for acute stroke, most treatments have proven ineffective. Clinical translation of promising experimental therapeutics is limited by inadequate stroke models and a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying acute stroke and how they affect outcome. Bidirectional communication between the ischemic brain and peripheral immune system modulates stroke progression and tissue repair, while epidemiological studies have provided evidence of an association between organ dysfunction and stroke risk. This crosstalk can determine the fate of stroke patients and must be taken into consideration when investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic options for stroke. This review summarizes the current evidence for interactions between the brain and other organs in stroke pathophysiology in basic and clinic studies, and discusses the role of these interactions in the progression and outcome of stroke and how they can direct the development of more effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubei Ma
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100053, China.
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