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Wang L, Lu D, Wang X, Wang Z, Li W, Chen G. The effects of nitric oxide in Alzheimer's disease. Med Gas Res 2024; 14:186-191. [PMID: 39073326 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.385939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that commences subtly and inexorably worsens over time. Despite considerable research, a specific drug that can fully cure or effectively halt the progression of AD remains elusive. Nitric oxide (NO), a crucial signaling molecule in the nervous system, is intimately associated with hallmark pathological changes in AD, such as amyloid-beta deposition and tau phosphorylation. Several therapeutic strategies for AD operate through the nitric oxide synthase/NO system. However, the potential neurotoxicity of NO introduces an element of controversy regarding its therapeutic utility in AD. This review focuses on research findings concerning NO's role in experimental AD and its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we have proposed directions for future research based on our current comprehension of this critical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Solár P, Zamani A, Lakatosová K, Joukal M. The blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit in subarachnoid hemorrhage: molecular events and potential treatments. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:29. [PMID: 35410231 PMCID: PMC8996682 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes that affect microglia, neurons, and vascular smooth muscle cells. SAH induces alterations in individual BBB cells, leading to brain homeostasis disruption. Recent experiments have uncovered many pathophysiological cascades affecting the BBB following SAH. Targeting some of these pathways is important for restoring brain function following SAH. BBB injury occurs immediately after SAH and has long-lasting consequences, but most changes in the pathophysiological cascades occur in the first few days following SAH. These changes determine the development of early brain injury as well as delayed cerebral ischemia. SAH-induced neuroprotection also plays an important role and weakens the negative impact of SAH. Supporting some of these beneficial cascades while attenuating the major pathophysiological pathways might be decisive in inhibiting the negative impact of bleeding in the subarachnoid space. In this review, we attempt a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular changes in the BBB following SAH and their possible modulation by various drugs and substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klaudia Lakatosová
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Immune Modulatory Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Perioperative Period and Their Consequence on Postoperative Outcome. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:843-860. [PMID: 35180291 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most commonly administered drugs in the perioperative period due to their prominent role in pain management. However, they potentially have perioperative consequences due to immune-modulating effects through the inhibition of prostanoid synthesis, thereby affecting the levels of various cytokines. These effects may have a direct impact on the postoperative outcome of patients since the immune system aims to restore homeostasis and plays an indispensable role in regeneration and repair. By affecting the immune response, consequences can be expected on various organ systems. This narrative review aims to highlight these potential immune system-related consequences, which include systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, immediate and persistent postoperative pain, effects on oncological and neurologic outcome, and wound, anastomotic, and bone healing.
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Jha RM, Raikwar SP, Mihaljevic S, Casabella AM, Catapano JS, Rani A, Desai S, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Emerging therapeutic targets for cerebral edema. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:917-938. [PMID: 34844502 PMCID: PMC9196113 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral edema is a key contributor to death and disability in several forms of brain injury. Current treatment options are limited, reactive, and associated with significant morbidity. Targeted therapies are emerging based on a growing understanding of the molecular underpinnings of cerebral edema. AREAS COVERED We review the pathophysiology and relationships between different cerebral edema subtypes to provide a foundation for emerging therapies. Mechanisms for promising molecular targets are discussed, with an emphasis on those advancing in clinical trials, including ion and water channels (AQP4, SUR1-TRPM4) and other proteins/lipids involved in edema signaling pathways (AVP, COX2, VEGF, and S1P). Research on novel treatment modalities for cerebral edema [including recombinant proteins and gene therapies] is presented and finally, insights on reducing secondary injury and improving clinical outcome are offered. EXPERT OPINION Targeted molecular strategies to minimize or prevent cerebral edema are promising. Inhibition of SUR1-TRPM4 (glyburide/glibenclamide) and VEGF (bevacizumab) are currently closest to translation based on advances in clinical trials. However, the latter, tested in glioblastoma multiforme, has not demonstrated survival benefit. Research on recombinant proteins and gene therapies for cerebral edema is in its infancy, but early results are encouraging. These newer modalities may facilitate our understanding of the pathobiology underlying cerebral edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P. Raikwar
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Joshua S. Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shashvat Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA
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5
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Tso MK, Turgeon P, Bosche B, Lee CK, Nie T, D'Abbondanza J, Ai J, Marsden PA, Macdonald RL. Gene expression profiling of brain endothelial cells after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7818. [PMID: 33837224 PMCID: PMC8035152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. New effective treatments are needed to improve outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAH is complex and includes early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia, both of which are characterized by blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment. We isolated brain endothelial cells (BECs) from mice subjected to SAH by injection of blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. We used gene expression profiling to identify 707 unique genes (2.8% of transcripts, 403 upregulated, 304 downregulated, 24,865 interrogated probe sets) that were significantly differentially expressed in mouse BECs after SAH. The pathway involving prostaglandin synthesis and regulation was significantly upregulated after SAH, including increased expression of the Ptgs2 gene and its corresponding COX-2 protein. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, limited upregulation of Ptgs2 in BECs. In this study, we have defined the gene expression profiling of BECs after experimental SAH and provide further insight into BBB pathophysiology, which may be relevant to other neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, brain tumours, ischaemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Tso
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Paul Turgeon
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bert Bosche
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurocritical Care, Neurological and Neurosurgical First Stage Rehabilitation and Weaning, MediClin Clinic Reichshof, Reichshof-Eckenhagen, Germany.,Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Charles K Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Tian Nie
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Josephine D'Abbondanza
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Jinglu Ai
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA
| | - Philip A Marsden
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Loch Macdonald
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Fresno Campus, Fresno, USA.
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6
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Yuan R, Zhang D, Yang J, Wu Z, Luo C, Han L, Yang F, Lin J, Yang M. Review of aromatherapy essential oils and their mechanism of action against migraines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113326. [PMID: 32877718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Migraines have become a major threat to human health, as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate, attack rate and pain intensity. Aromatherapy, with its comfortable and pleasant natural characteristics and rapid and efficient characteristics, is widely favored by patients in the folk. Chinese folk also have the application history and related records of aromatic plants in the treatment of migraine. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to review the pathogenesis of migraine, the application of plant essential oils in the treatment of migraine, and further explore the material basis and mechanism of action of plant essential oils against migraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search the electronic literature of essential oils with anti-migraine effect in Google Scholar, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and further search the research situation of the monomer components of essential oils in migraine, inflammation, pain and other aspects. RESULTS studies show that there are 10 types of plant essential oils that could relieve migraine symptoms, and that 16 monomers may play a role in migraine treatment by effectively inhibiting neurogenic inflammation, hyperalgesia and balancing vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION Aromatic plant essential oils can relieve migraine effectively, these findings can be used as an important part of the development of anti-migraine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Yuan
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Sichuan Baicao Jinggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy School, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fangli Yang
- Sinopharm Sichuan Orthopedic Tehnology & Equipment Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610000, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China; School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, PR China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
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Lucke-Wold B, Hosaka K, Dodd W, Motwani K, Laurent D, Martinez M, Hoh B. Interleukin-6: Important Mediator of Vasospasm Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:364-369. [PMID: 34736380 PMCID: PMC10127255 DOI: 10.2174/1567202618666211104122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The correlation of neuroinflammation with the development of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage has been well documented in the literature; both clinical and preclinical. The exact mechanisms by which this process occurs, however, are poorly elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that interleukin-6 is not only an important prognostic biomarker for subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent vasospasm development but also an integral component in the progression of injury following initial insult. In this review, we briefly highlight other pathways under investigation and focus heavily on what has been discovered regarding the role of interleukin 6 and cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. A proposed mechanistic pathway is highlighted in written and graphical format. A discussion regarding the human correlative findings and initial pre-clinical mechanistic studies is addressed. Finally, in the future investigation section, innovative developments and a clear description of areas warranting further scientific inquiry are emphasized. This review will catalyze continued discovery in this area of emerging significance and aid in the quest for effective vasospasm treatment where limited clinical therapeutics currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - William Dodd
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kartik Motwani
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Dimitri Laurent
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Melanie Martinez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Brian Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Zeyu Zhang, Yuanjian Fang, Cameron Lenahan, Sheng Chen. The role of immune inflammation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113535. [PMID: 33249033 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease, which mainly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Clinical trials have demonstrated that cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is not the sole contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcomes in patients with aSAH. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of aSAH, lays the foundation for subsequent pathophysiological changes and poor outcomes of patients. The pathological mechanisms of EBI mainly include increased intracranial pressure, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebral edema and cell death. Among them, the brain immune inflammatory responses involve a variety of immune cells and active substances, which play an important role in EBI after aSAH and may be related to DCI and long-term outcomes. Thus, attention should be paid to strategies targeting cerebral immune inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of immune inflammatory responses in the occurrence and development of aSAH, as well as some inflammatory biomarkers related to CVS, DCI, and aSAH outcomes. In addition, we also summarize the potential therapeutic drugs that target cerebral immune inflammatory responses for patients with aSAH in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Solar P, Mackerle Z, Joukal M, Jancalek R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the pathophysiology of vasospasms and delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a critical review. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:649-658. [PMID: 32124117 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening condition associated with the development of early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Pharmacological treatment of vasospasm following aSAH currently mainly comprises nimodipine administration. In the past few years, many drugs that can potentially benefit cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage have become available. The objective of this review is to critically assess the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) following aSAH. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The search was aimed at studies addressing aSAH and NSAIDs during the 2010 to 2019 period, and it yielded 13 articles. Following the application of search criteria, they were divided into two groups, one containing 6 clinical articles and the other containing 7 experimental articles on animal models of aSAH. Inflammatory cerebral changes after aneurysm rupture contribute to the development of EBI, DCI and cerebral vasospasm. It appears that NSAIDs (especially coxibs) are even more effective in reducing vasospasm than nimodipine. Other beneficial effects of NSAIDs include reduction in mortality, improved functional outcome and increased hypoaggregability. However, despite these positive effects, there is only one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial showing a tendency towards a better outcome with lower incidence of vasospasm or mortality in patients following aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solar
- Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Mackerle
- Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jancalek
- Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Richard SA. Elucidating the novel biomarker and therapeutic potentials of High-mobility group box 1 in Subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review. AIMS Neurosci 2019; 6:316-332. [PMID: 32341986 PMCID: PMC7179354 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently arises after an aneurysm in a cerebral artery ruptures, resulting into bleeding as well as clot formation. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely preserved, universal protein secreted in the nuclei of all cell varieties. This review explores the biomarker as well as therapeutic potentials of HMBG1 in SAH especially during the occurrence of cerebral vasospasms. Plasma HMGB1 levels have proven to be very useful prognosticators of effective outcome as well as death after SAH. Correspondingly, higher HMGB1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SAH patients correlated well with poor outcome; signifying that, CSF level of HMGB1 is a novel predictor of outcome following SAH. Nonetheless, the degree of angiographic vasospasm does not always correlate with the degree of neurological deficits in SAH patients. HMGB1 stimulated cerebral vasospasm, augmented gene as well as protein secretory levels of receptor for advance glycation end product (RAGE) in neurons following SAH; which means that, silencing HMGB1 during SAH could be of therapeutic value. Compounds like resveratrol, glycyrrhizin, rhinacanthin, purpurogallin, 4′-O-β-D-Glucosyl-5-O-Methylvisamminol (4OGOMV) as well as receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) gene are capable of interacting with HMGB1 resulting in therapeutic benefits following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidu A Richard
- Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P. O. Box MA 128, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana West Africa
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11
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Takemoto Y, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Cao C, Hamasaki T, Kawano T, Mukasa A, Kim-Mitsuyama S. The Stabilization of Central Sympathetic Nerve Activation by Renal Denervation Prevents Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:528-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Lu X, Ji C, Wu J, You W, Wang W, Wang Z, Chen G. Intrathecal Fibrinolysis for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Evidence From Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies. Front Neurol 2019; 10:885. [PMID: 31481923 PMCID: PMC6709660 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of intrathecal fibrinolysis for the treatment of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been widely investigated; however, the results have been contradictory. In our study, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal (intracisternal or intraventricular) fibrinolysis for aSAH. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane library databases were searched up to February 1, 2019. The outcomes analyzed were neurologic recovery, delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND), mortality, and the incidence of chronic hydrocephalus and hemorrhage. Results: A total of 21 studies comprising 1,373 patients were analyzed, including nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 non-RCTs. The results showed that intracisternal fibrinolysis significantly decreased poor neurologic outcomes (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.50–0.76, P < 0.001) and reduced the incidence of DIND (RR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.41–0.65, P <0.001), chronic hydrocephalus (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.42–0.82, P = 0.002) and mortality (RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.93, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hemorrhage. Moreover, the results of the Egger test and Begg's funnel plot showed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that intracisternal fibrinolysis has beneficial effects on the clinical outcomes of patients with aSAH. However, further well-designed randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of intracisternal fibrinolysis for the treatment of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengyuan Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Luo F, Wu L, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Guo B, Li N, Ju J, Zhou Q, Li S, Yang X, Mak S, Han Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z. The dual-functional memantine nitrate MN-08 alleviates cerebral vasospasm and brain injury in experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage models. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3318-3335. [PMID: 31180578 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in SAH patients. So far, single-target agents have not prevented its occurrence. Memantine, a non-competitive NMDA re3ceptor antagonist, is known to alleviate brain injury and vasospasm in experimental models of SAH. Impairment of NO availability also contributes to vasospasm. Recently, we designed and synthesized a memantine nitrate MN-08, which has potent dual functions: neuroprotection and vasodilation. Here, we have tested the therapeutic effects of MN-08 in animal models of SAH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Binding to NMDA receptors (expressed in HEK293 cells), NO release and vasodilator effects of MN-08 were assessed in vitro. Therapeutic effects of MN-08 were investigated in vivo, using rat and rabbit SAH models. KEY RESULTS MN-08 bound to the NMDA receptor, slowly releasing NO in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, MN-08 relaxed the pre-contracted middle cerebral artery ex vivo and increased blood flow velocity in small vessels of the mouse cerebral cortex. It did not, however, lower systemic blood pressure. In an endovascular perforation rat model of SAH, MN-08 improved the neurological scores and ameliorated cerebral vasospasm. Moreover, MN-08 also alleviated cerebral vasospasm in a cisterna magna single-injection model in rabbits. MN-08 attenuated neural cell apoptosis in both rat and rabbit models of SAH. Importantly, the therapeutic benefit of MN-08 was greater than that of memantine. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS MN-08 has neuroprotective potential and can ameliorate vasospasm in experimental SAH models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Luo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ju
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Wan W, Ding Y, Xie Z, Li Q, Yan F, Budbazar E, Pearce WJ, Hartman R, Obenaus A, Zhang JH, Jiang Y, Tang J. PDGFR-β modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype via IRF-9/SIRT-1/NF-κB pathway in subarachnoid hemorrhage rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1369-1380. [PMID: 29480757 PMCID: PMC6668513 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18760954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) has been reported to promote phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the PDGFR-β/IRF9/SIRT-1/NF-κB pathway in VSMC phenotypic transformation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH was induced using the endovascular perforation model in Sprague-Dawley rats. PDGFR-β small interfering RNA (siRNA) and IRF9 siRNA were injected intracerebroventricularly 48 h before SAH. SIRT1 activator (resveratrol) and inhibitor (EX527) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h after SAH induction. Twenty-four hours after SAH, the VSMC contractile phenotype marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) decreased, whereas the VSMC synthetic phenotype marker embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (Smemb) increased. Both PDGFR-β siRNA and IRF9 siRNA attenuated the induction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and enhanced the expression of α-SMA. The SIRT1 activator (resveratrol) preserved VSMC contractile phenotype, significantly alleviated neurological dysfunction, and reduced brain edema. However, these beneficial effects of PDGFR-β siRNA, IRF9 siRNA and resveratrol were abolished by the SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527). This study shows that PDGFR-β/IRF9/SIRT-1/NF-κB signaling played a role in the VSMC phenotypic transformation after SAH. Inhibition of this signaling cascade preserved the contractile phenotype of VSMCs, thereby improving neurological outcomes following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Wan
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Ding
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zongyi Xie
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Qian Li
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Enkhjargal Budbazar
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William J Pearce
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Hartman
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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15
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Bilgin E, Oktay K, Olguner SK, Çavuş G, Açık V, Arslan A, Tuna M. Spontan subaraknoid kanamayı takiben gelişen vazospazm sonrası serum ve serebrospinal sıvıda endotelin-1 düzeyleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.481237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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16
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Fumoto T, Naraoka M, Katagai T, Li Y, Shimamura N, Ohkuma H. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Microvascular Disturbances after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 10:684-694. [PMID: 30628008 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress was shown to play a crucial role in the diverse pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Microcirculatory dysfunction is thought to be an important and fundamental pathological change in EBI. However, other than blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, the influence of oxidative stress on microvessels remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of oxidative stress on microcirculatory integrity in EBI. SAH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using an endovascular perforation technique. A free radical scavenger, edaravone, was administered prophylactically by intraperitoneal injection. SAH grade, neurological score, brain water content, and BBB permeability were measured at 24 h after SAH induction. In addition, cortical samples taken at 24 h after SAH were analyzed to explore oxidative stress, microvascular mural cell apoptosis, microspasm, and microthrombosis. Edaravone treatment significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, brain edema, and BBB disruption. In addition, oxidative stress-induced modifications and subsequent apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes increased after SAH induction, while the administration of edaravone suppressed this. Consistent with apoptotic cell inhibition, microthromboses were also inhibited by edaravone administration. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the induction of multiple pathological changes in microvessels in EBI. Antioxidants are potential candidates for the treatment of microvascular disturbances after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takeshi Katagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Norihito Shimamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohkuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.
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17
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Sun J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang W, Yan J, Yang L, Zhou C, Liu R, Chen C. Salvinorin A ameliorates cerebral vasospasm through activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Microcirculation 2019; 25:e12442. [PMID: 29377443 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of salvinorin A (SA) for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and investigate mechanisms of therapeutic effect using rat SAH model. METHODS Salvinorin A was injected intraperitoneally, and the neurobehavioral changes were observed at 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after SAH. Basilar artery was observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The inner diameter and thickness of basilar artery were measured. The morphological changes and the apoptosis in CA1 area of hippocampus were detected. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were detected by ELISA kit. The protein expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) was determined by Western blot for potential mechanism exploration. RESULTS Salvinorin A administration could relieve neurological deficits, decrease the neuronal apoptosis, and alleviate the morphological changes in CA1 area of hippocampus. SA alleviated CVS by increasing diameter and decreasing thickness of basilar artery, and such changes were accompanied by the decreased concentration of ET-1 and increased level of NO. Meanwhile, SA increased the expression of eNOS and decreased the expression of AQP-4 protein in the basilar artery and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Salvinorin A attenuated CVS and alleviated brain injury after SAH via increasing expression of eNOS and NO content, and decreasing ET-1 concentration and AQP-4 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Changman Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Renyu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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18
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Feng Z, Ye L, Klebe D, Ding Y, Guo ZN, Flores JJ, Yin C, Tang J, Zhang JH. Anti-inflammation conferred by stimulation of CD200R1 via Dok1 pathway in rat microglia after germinal matrix hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:97-107. [PMID: 28792282 PMCID: PMC6311673 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17725211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CD200 has been reported to be neuroprotective in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential protective effects of CD200 in germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) have not been investigated. We examined the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CD200 after GMH. A total of 167 seven-day-old rat pups were used. The time-dependent effect of GMH on the levels of CD200 and CD200 Receptor 1 (CD200R1) was evaluated by western blot. CD200R1 was localized by immunohistochemistry. The short-term (24 h) and long-term (28 days) outcomes were evaluated after CD200 fusion protein (CD200Fc) treatment by neurobehavioral assessment. CD200 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and downstream of tyrosine kinase 1 (Dok1) siRNA were injected intracerebroventricularly. Western blot was employed to study the mechanisms of CD200 and CD200R1. GMH induced significant developmental delay and caused impairment in both cognitive and motor functions in rat pups. CD200Fc ameliorated GMH-induced damage. CD200Fc increased expression of Dok1 and decreased IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels. CD200R1 siRNA and Dok1 siRNA abolished the beneficial effects of CD200Fc, as demonstrated by enhanced expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. CD200Fc inhibited GMH-induced inflammation and this effect may be mediated by CD200R1/Dok1 pathway. Thus, CD200Fc may serve as a potential treatment to ameliorate brain injury for GMH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Feng
- 1 Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lan Ye
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,3 The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Damon Klebe
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yan Ding
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jerry J Flores
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Yin
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 2 Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,4 Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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19
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Fang Y, Chen S, Reis C, Zhang J. The Role of Autophagy in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1255-1266. [PMID: 28382869 PMCID: PMC6251055 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170406142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an extensive self-degradation process for the disposition of cytosolic aggregated or misfolded proteins and defective organelles which executes the functions of pro-survival and pro-death to maintain cellular homeostasis. The pathway plays essential roles in several neurological disorders. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating subtype of hemorrhagic stroke with high risk of neurological deficit and high mortality. Early brain injury (EBI) plays a role in the poor clinical course and outcome after SAH. Recent studies have paid attention on the role of the autophagy pathway in the development of EBI after SAH. We aim to update the multifaceted roles of autophagy pathway in the pathogenesis of SAH, especially in the phase of EBI. METHODS We reviewed early researches related to autophagy and SAH. The following three aspects of contents will be mainly discussed: the process of the autophagy pathway, the role of the autophagy in SAH and the interaction between organelle dysfunction and autophagy pathway after SAH. RESULTS Accumulating evidence shows an increased autophagy reaction in response to early stages of SAH. However, others suggest inadequate or excessive autophagy activation can result in cell injury and death. In addition to autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis can occur in neurons simultaneously after SAH, leading to mixed features of cell death morphologies. And it is also known that there is extensive crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis pathway. Subcellular organelles of neural cells generally participate in the formation and functional parts of autophagy process. CONCLUSION Autophagy plays an important role in the SAH-induced brain injury. A better understanding of the interrelationship among autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis might provide us better therapeutic targets for the treatment of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Yao X, Liu C, Feng D, Yin J, Chen G. Transcranial Near-infrared Laser Therapy in Improving Cognitive Recovery of Function Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1320-1326. [PMID: 29564977 PMCID: PMC6251043 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180321100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has turned into a major health and socioeconomic problem affecting young people and military personnel. Numerous TBI patients experienced the sequela of brain injury called cognitive impairment, which re-duced functions in attention, working memory, motivation, and execution. In recent years, transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (tNiRLT) as a possible therapy has been gradually applied in treating cognitive impairment post-TBI. In the present review, the biological mechanisms of transcranial tNiRLT for TBI are synthesized mainly based on the photonic impact of chronic mild TBI. Various exciting molecular events possibly occur during the procedure, such as stimulation of ATP pro-duction, regional cerebral blood flow, acupoint, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, as well as a reduction in anti-inflammatory effect. Some animal experiments and clinical studies of tNiRLT for TBI are outlined. Several labs have displayed that tNiRLT is effective not only in improving neurological functions but also in increasing memory and learning capacity in ro-dent animals’ model of TBI. In a 2 patients case report and a 11-case series, cognitive functions were ameliorated. Efficacy on cognitive and emotional effects was also observed in a double-blind, controlled clinical study. Several Randomized, paral-lel, double blind, sham-controlled trials are underway, aiming to evaluate the efficacy of tLED on cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric status in participants post-TBI. Therefore, tNiRLT is a promising method applied to cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dongxia Feng
- Scott & White Clinic-Temple, 2401 S.31st Street, Temple, TX76508, United States
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taixing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taixing 225400, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
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21
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Zheng H, Han Y, Du Y, Shi X, Huang H, Yu X, Tan X, Hu C, Wang Y, Zhou S. Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible 'Bridging Function' of Acupuncture. Complement Med Res 2018; 25:45-51. [PMID: 29393105 DOI: 10.1159/000475930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being an independent risk factor for a secondary stroke. Acupuncture for the treatment of hypertension gains more attention in alternative and complementary medicine, but the results are inconsistent. Few studies regarding the secondary prevention of stroke by managing hypertension with acupuncture have been carried out as there are some problems regarding the antihypertensive drug status in the secondary prevention of stroke. Still, the potential of acupuncture in regulating the blood pressure for secondary stroke prevention deserves our focus. This review is based on papers recorded in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until March 28, 2017, and retrieved with the following search terms: hypertension and acupuncture, limited in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), stress-induced (or cold-induced) hypertensive or pre-hypertensive models. We find that, in these hypertensive animals, acupuncture could mainly influence factors related to the nervous system, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, cardiovascular function, and hemorheology, which are closely associated with the stroke outcome. This trend may give us a hint that acupuncture might well participate in the secondary prevention of stroke through these pathways when used in the management of hypertension.
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22
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Yang XM, Chen XH, Lu JF, Zhou CM, Han JY, Chen CH. In vivo observation of cerebral microcirculation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:456-462. [PMID: 29623930 PMCID: PMC5900508 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage is the major cause of poor prognosis. The pathology of subarachnoid hemorrhage likely involves major morphological changes in the microcirculation. However, previous studies primarily used fixed tissue or delayed injury models. Therefore, in the present study, we used in vivo imaging to observe the dynamic changes in cerebral microcirculation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by perforation of the bifurcation of the middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries in male C57/BL6 mice. The diameter of pial arterioles and venules was measured by in vivo fluorescence microscopy at different time points within 180 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow was examined and leukocyte adhesion/albumin extravasation was determined at different time points before and after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral pial microcirculation was abnormal and cerebral blood flow was reduced after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acute vasoconstriction occurred predominantly in the arterioles instead of the venules. A progressive increase in the number of adherent leukocytes in venules and substantial albumin extravasation were observed between 10 and 180 minutes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. These results show that major changes in microcirculation occur in the early stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our findings may promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the early treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Hao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Man Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Ye L, Feng Z, Doycheva D, Malaguit J, Dixon B, Xu N, Zhang JH, Tang J. CpG-ODN exerts a neuroprotective effect via the TLR9/pAMPK signaling pathway by activation of autophagy in a neonatal HIE rat model. Exp Neurol 2017; 301:70-80. [PMID: 29274721 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is an injury caused to the brain due to prolonged lack of oxygen and blood supply which results in death or long-term disabilities. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cytosine-phospho-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) in autophagy after HIE. Ten-day old (P10) rat pups underwent right common carotid artery ligation followed by 2.5h of hypoxia as previously described by Rice-Vannucci. At 1h post HIE, rats were intranasally administered with recombinant CpG-ODN. Time-course expression levels of endogenous key proteins, TLR9, pAMPK/AMPK, LC3II/I, and LAMP1 involved in CpG-ODN's protective effects were measured using western blot. Short (48h) and long (4w) term neurobehavior studies were performed using righting reflex, negative geotaxis, water maze, foot fault and Rota rod tests. Brain samples were collected after long term for histological analysis. Furthermore, to elucidate the pathway via which CpG-ODN confers protection, TLR9 and AMPK inhibitors were used. Time course results showed that the expression of TLR9, pAMPK/AMPK, LC3II/I, LAMP1 increased after HIE. Neurobehavioral studies showed that HIE induced a significant delay in development and resulted in cognitive and motor function deficits. However, CpG-ODN ameliorated HIE-induced outcomes and improved long term neurological deficits. In addition, CpG-ODN increased expression of pAMPK/AMPK, p-ULK1/ULK1, P-AMBRA1/AMBRA1, LC3II/I and LAMP1 while inhibition of TLR9 and AMPK reversed those effects. In summary, CpG-ODN increased HIE-induced autophagy and improved short and long term neurobehavioral outcomes which may be mediated by the TLR9/pAMPK signaling pathway after HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- The Medical Function Laboratory of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Desislava Doycheva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
| | - Jay Malaguit
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Dixon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda 92354, CA, United States.
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McBride DW, Blackburn SL, Peeyush KT, Matsumura K, Zhang JH. The Role of Thromboinflammation in Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2017; 8:555. [PMID: 29109695 PMCID: PMC5660311 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major determinant of patient outcome following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although the exact mechanisms leading to DCI are not fully known, inflammation, cerebral vasospasm, and microthrombi may all function together to mediate the onset of DCI. Indeed, inflammation is tightly linked with activation of coagulation and microthrombi formation. Thromboinflammation is the intersection at which inflammation and thrombosis regulate one another in a feedforward manner, potentiating the formation of thrombi and pro-inflammatory signaling. In this review, we will explore the role(s) of inflammation and microthrombi in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) pathophysiology and DCI, and discuss the potential of targeting thromboinflammation to prevent DCI after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin W McBride
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Spiros L Blackburn
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kumar T Peeyush
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kanako Matsumura
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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Abstract
Stroke is considered to be an acute cerebrovascular disease, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The high incidence and poor prognosis of stroke suggest that it is a highly disabling and highly lethal disease which can pose a serious threat to human health. Nitric oxide (NO), a common gas in nature, which is often thought as a toxic gas, because of its intimate relationship with the pathological processes of many diseases, especially in the regulation of blood flow and cell inflammation. However, recent years have witnessed an increased interest that NO plays a significant and positive role in stroke as an essential gas signal molecule. In view of the fact that the neuroprotective effect of NO is closely related to its concentration, cell type and time, only in the appropriate circumstances can NO play a protective effect. The purpose of this review is to summarize the roles of NO in ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Qing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ru-Tao Mou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-Xia Feng
- Department of Scott & White Clinic-Temple, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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26
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Haruma J, Teshigawara K, Hishikawa T, Wang D, Liu K, Wake H, Mori S, Takahashi HK, Sugiu K, Date I, Nishibori M. Anti-high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) antibody attenuates delayed cerebral vasospasm and brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37755. [PMID: 27883038 PMCID: PMC5121891 DOI: 10.1038/srep37755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is closely related to the progression of brain damage, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying its development. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays an important role as an initial inflammatory mediator in SAH. In this study, an SAH rat model was employed to evaluate the effects of anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on DCV after SAH. A vasoconstriction of the basilar artery (BA) associated with a reduction of nuclear HMGB1 and its translocation in vascular smooth muscle cells were observed in SAH rats, and anti-HMGB1 mAb administration significantly suppressed these effects. Up-regulations of inflammation-related molecules and vasoconstriction-mediating receptors in the BA of SAH rats were inhibited by anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment. Anti-HMGB1 mAb attenuated the enhanced vasocontractile response to thrombin of the isolated BA from SAH rats and prevented activation of cerebrocortical microglia. Moreover, locomotor activity and weight loss recovery were also enhanced by anti-HMGB1 mAb administration. The vasocontractile response of the BA under SAH may be induced by events that are downstream of responses to HMGB1-induced inflammation and inhibited by anti-HMGB1 mAb. Anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for DCV and early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Haruma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Teshigawara
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hishikawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dengli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideo Kohka Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kinki University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugiu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Kawakita F, Fujimoto M, Liu L, Nakano F, Nakatsuka Y, Suzuki H. Effects of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Antagonists Against Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6624-6633. [PMID: 27738873 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling may play a crucial role in the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The main purpose of this study was to assess if selective blockage of TLR4 on cerebral arteries prevents cerebral vasospasm development and neurological impairments after SAH in mice. One hundred fourteen mice underwent endovascular perforation SAH or sham operation and were randomly divided into the following 6 groups: sham+vehicle, sham+LPS-RS ultrapure 8 μg, sham+LPS-RS ultrapure 40 μg, SAH+vehicle, SAH+LPS-RS ultrapure 8 μg, and SAH+LPS-RS ultrapure 40 μg. A selective TLR4 antagonist, LPS-RS ultrapure (8 or 40 μg), was administered intracerebroventricularly to mice at 30 min, and the effects were evaluated by neurobehavioral tests and India-ink angiography at 24-48 h, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry on cerebral arteries at 24 h post-SAH. Higher but not lower dosages of LPS-RS ultrapure significantly prevented post-SAH neurological impairments and ameliorated cerebral vasospasm. SAH caused TLR4 activation and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1) upregulation in the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of spastic cerebral arteries, both of which were significantly suppressed by LPS-RS ultrapure. Another selective TLR4 antagonist, IAXO-102, which has a different binding site from LPS-RS ultrapure, also showed similar protective effects to LPS-RS ultrapure. These findings suggest that TLR4 signaling is implicated in cerebral vasospasm development at least partly via COX1 upregulation, and that TLR4 antagonists have therapeutic potential as a new therapy against cerebral vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawakita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumi Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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