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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Michinaga S, Hishinuma S, Koyama Y. Roles of astrocytic sonic hedgehog production and its signal for regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:97-111. [PMID: 39029978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted glycopeptide belonging to the hedgehog family that is essential for morphogenesis during embryonic development. The Shh signal is mediated by two membrane proteins, Patched-1 (Ptch-1) and Smoothened (Smo), following the activation of transcription factors such as Gli. Shh decreases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and plays a key role in its function. In the damaged brain, BBB function is remarkably disrupted. The BBB disruption causes brain edema and neuroinflammation resulting from the extravasation of serum components and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cerebral parenchyma. Multiple studies have suggested that astrocyte is a source of Shh and that astrocytic Shh production is increased in the damaged brain. In various experimental animal models of acute brain injury, Shh or Shh signal activators alleviate BBB disruption by increasing tight junction proteins in endothelial cells. Furthermore, activation of astrocytic Shh signaling reduces reactive astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, and increases the production of vascular protective factors, which alleviates BBB disruption in the damaged brain. These findings suggest that astrocytic Shh and Shh signaling protect BBB function in the damaged brain and that target drugs for Shh signaling are expected to be novel therapeutic drugs for acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
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3
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Huang L, Xia L, Nie T, Cui B, Lu J, Lu F, Fan F, Ren D, Lu Y, Gao G, Yang Q. Maintaining Drosha expression with Cdk5 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic strategy for early intervention after TBI. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:210-219. [PMID: 38200156 PMCID: PMC10834983 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in adults. The pathological process of TBI involves a multifactorial cascade in which kinases have been proven contribute to interactions between relevant factors and amplification of signaling cascades. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a promising kinase that has been implicated in various brain disorders, including TBI. However, the mechanism by which Cdk5 induces neuronal damage remains unclear. Here, we show for the first time that Drosha, a key enzyme in microRNA biogenesis, is a pivotal substrate of abnormally activated Cdk5. Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation decreases Drosha expression and exacerbates nerve injury in TBI. We proved that maintaining Drosha expression via the administration of repurposed Cdk5 inhibitors that were previously studied in clinical trials is a promising approach for the early treatment of TBI. Together, our work identifies Drosha as a novel target for neuroprotective strategies after TBI and suggests Cdk5-mediated regulation of Drosha expression as a potential therapeutic strategy for early TBI intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiejian Nie
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bozhou Cui
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feiyan Fan
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongni Ren
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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Kommireddy RS, Mehra S, Pompilus M, Arja RD, Zhu T, Yang Z, Fu Y, Zhu J, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW, Febo M. Functional connectivity, tissue microstructure and T2 at 11.1 Tesla distinguishes neuroadaptive differences in two traumatic brain injury models in rats: A Translational Outcomes Project in NeuroTrauma (TOP-NT) UG3 phase study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.10.570975. [PMID: 38168381 PMCID: PMC10760004 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.570975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The damage caused by contusive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) is thought to involve breakdown in neuronal communication through focal and diffuse axonal injury along with alterations to the neuronal chemical environment, which adversely affects neuronal networks beyond the injury epicenter(s). In the present study, functional connectivity along with brain tissue microstructure coupled with T2 relaxometry were assessed in two experimental TBI models in rat, controlled cortical impact (CCI) and lateral fluid percussive injury (LFPI). Rats were scanned on an 11.1 Tesla scanner on days 2 and 30 following either CCI or LFPI. Naive controls were scanned once and used as a baseline comparison for both TBI groups. Scanning included functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion weighted images (DWI), and multi-echo T2 images. fMRI scans were analyzed for functional connectivity across laterally and medially located region of interests (ROIs) across the cortical mantle, hippocampus, and dorsal striatum. DWI scans were processed to generate maps of fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivities (FA, MD, AD, RD). The analyses focused on cortical and white matter (WM) regions at or near the TBI epicenter. Our results indicate that rats exposed to CCI and LFPI had significantly increased contralateral intra-cortical connectivity at 2 days post-injury. This was observed across similar areas of the cortex in both groups. The increased contralateral connectivity was still observed by day 30 in CCI, but not LFPI rats. Although both CCI and LFPI had changes in WM and cortical FA and diffusivities, WM changes were most predominant in CCI and cortical changes in LFPI. Our results provide support for the use of multimodal MR imaging for different types of contusive and skull-penetrating injury.
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Meyer-Arndt L, Kerkering J, Kuehl T, Infante AG, Paul F, Rosiewicz KS, Siffrin V, Alisch M. Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Directly Induce Alterations of Neuronal Cytoarchitecture in Human Neurons. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:145-159. [PMID: 36862362 PMCID: PMC10485132 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) coined by inflammation and neurodegeneration. The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. We investigated here the direct and differential effects of inflammatory mediators on human neurons. We used embryonic stem cell-derived (H9) human neuronal stem cells (hNSC) to generate neuronal cultures. Neurons were subsequently treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) separately or in combination. Immunofluorescence staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to assess cytokine receptor expression, cell integrity and transcriptomic changes upon treatment. H9-hNSC-derived neurons expressed cytokine receptors for IFNγ, TNFα, IL-10 and IL-17A. Neuronal exposure to these cytokines resulted in differential effects on neurite integrity parameters with a clear decrease for TNFα- and GM-CSF-treated neurons. The combinatorial treatment with IL-17A/IFNγ or IL-17A/TNFα induced a more pronounced effect on neurite integrity. Furthermore, combinatorial treatments with two cytokines induced several key signalling pathways, i.e. NFκB-, hedgehog and oxidative stress signalling, stronger than any of the cytokines alone. This work supports the idea of immune-neuronal crosstalk and the need to focus on the potential role of inflammatory cytokines on neuronal cytoarchitecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lil Meyer-Arndt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbolt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbolt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janis Kerkering
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tess Kuehl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Gil Infante
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbolt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Sebastian Rosiewicz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humbolt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marlen Alisch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin und Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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Prajapati A, Mehan S, Khan Z. The role of Smo-Shh/Gli signaling activation in the prevention of neurological and ageing disorders. Biogerontology 2023:10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1. [PMID: 37097427 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is an essential central nervous system (CNS) pathway involved during embryonic development and later life stages. Further, it regulates cell division, cellular differentiation, and neuronal integrity. During CNS development, Smo-Shh signaling is significant in the proliferation of neuronal cells such as oligodendrocytes and glial cells. The initiation of the downstream signalling cascade through the 7-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) promotes neuroprotection and restoration during neurological disorders. The dysregulation of Smo-Shh is linked to the proteolytic cleavage of GLI (glioma-associated homolog) into GLI3 (repressor), which suppresses target gene expression, leading to the disruption of cell growth processes. Smo-Shh aberrant signalling is responsible for several neurological complications contributing to physiological alterations like increased oxidative stress, neuronal excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Moreover, activating Shh receptors in the brain promotes axonal elongation and increases neurotransmitters released from presynaptic terminals, thereby exerting neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy responses. Smo-Shh activators have been shown in preclinical and clinical studies to help prevent various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Redox signalling has been found to play a critical role in regulating the activity of the Smo-Shh pathway and influencing downstream signalling events. In the current study ROS, a signalling molecule, was also essential in modulating the SMO-SHH gli signaling pathway in neurodegeneration. As a result of this investigation, dysregulation of the pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).Thus, Smo-Shh signalling activators could be a potential therapeutic intervention to treat neurocomplications of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Jiang G, Li X, Liu M, Li H, Shen H, liao J, You W, Fang Q, Chen G. Remote ischemic postconditioning ameliorates stroke injury via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 197:31-41. [PMID: 36990325 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning (RIPostC) has become a research hotspot due to its protective effect on the brain in clinical studies related to ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of RIPostC after ischemic stroke in rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established by the wire embolization method. RIPostC was obtained by inducing temporary ischemia in the hind limbs of rats. First, based on the results of short-term behavioral measures and long-term neurological function experiments, RIPostC was found to have a protective effect on the MCAO/R model and to improve neurological recovery in rats. Compared to the sham group, RIPostC upregulated the expression levels of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4) in the brain and stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1α) in peripheral blood. In addition, RIPostC upregulated CXCR4 expression on CD34+ stem cells in peripheral blood in flow cytometric assays. Meanwhile, according to the results of EdU/DCX co-staining and CD31 staining, it was found that the effect of RIPostC on ameliorating brain injury via SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis may be associated with vascular neogenesis. Finally, after inhibiting the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis using AMD3100(Plerixafor), we found that the neuroprotective effect of RIPostC was diminished. Taken together, RIPostC can improve neurobehavioral damage induced by MCAO/R in rats, and its mechanism may be related to SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis. Therefore, RIPostC can be used as an intervention strategy for stroke. SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis can also be a potential target for intervention.
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Cheng B, Sharma DR, Kumar A, Sheth H, Agyemang A, Aschner M, Zhang X, Ballabh P. Shh activation restores interneurons and cognitive function in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage. Brain 2023; 146:629-644. [PMID: 35867870 PMCID: PMC10169407 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants with germinal matrix haemorrhage-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) suffer from neurobehavioural deficits as they enter childhood and adolescence. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Impaired development and function of interneurons contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that the occurrence of IVH would reduce interneuron neurogenesis in the medial ganglionic eminence and diminish the population of parvalbumin+ and somatostatin+ cortical interneurons. Because Sonic Hedgehog promotes the production of cortical interneurons, we also postulated that the activation of Sonic Hedgehog signalling might restore neurogenesis, cortical interneuron population, and neurobehavioural function in premature newborns with IVH. These hypotheses were tested in a preterm rabbit model of IVH and autopsy samples from human preterm infants. We compared premature newborns with and without IVH for intraneuronal progenitors, cortical interneurons, transcription factors regulating neurogenesis, single-cell transcriptome of medial ganglionic eminence and neurobehavioural functions. We treated premature rabbit kits with adenovirus expressing Sonic Hedgehog (Ad-Shh) or green fluorescence protein gene to determine the effect of Sonic Hedgehog activation on the interneuron production, cortical interneuron population and neurobehaviour. We discovered that IVH reduced the number of Nkx2.1+ and Dlx2+ progenitors in the medial ganglionic eminence of both humans and rabbits by attenuating their proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, IVH decreased the population of parvalbumin+ and somatostatin+ neurons in the frontal cortex of both preterm infants and kits relative to controls. Sonic Hedgehog expression and the downstream transcription factors, including Nkx2.1, Mash1, Lhx6 and Sox6, were also reduced in kits with IVH. Consistent with these findings, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of medial ganglionic eminence identified a distinct subpopulation of cells exhibiting perturbation in genes regulating neurogenesis, ciliogenesis, mitochondrial function and MAPK signalling in rabbits with IVH. More importantly, restoration of Sonic Hedgehog level by Ad-Shh treatment ameliorated neurogenesis, cortical interneuron population and neurobehavioural function in kits with IVH. Additionally, Sonic Hedgehog activation alleviated IVH-induced inflammation and several transcriptomic changes in the medial ganglionic eminence. Taken together, IVH reduced intraneuronal production and cortical interneuron population by downregulating Sonic Hedgehog signalling in both preterm rabbits and humans. Notably, activation of Sonic Hedgehog signalling restored interneuron neurogenesis, cortical interneurons and cognitive function in rabbit kits with IVH. These findings highlight disruption in cortical interneurons in IVH and identify a novel therapeutic strategy to restore cortical interneurons and cognitive function in infants with IVH. These studies can accelerate the development of new therapies to enhance the neurodevelopmental outcome of survivors with IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deep R Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hardik Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alex Agyemang
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Shi J, Li X, Ding J, Lian J, Zhong Y, Li H, Shen H, You W, Fu X, Chen G. Transient Receptor Potential Mucolipin-1 Participates in Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Secondary Brain Injury by Inducing Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Cell Death. Neuromolecular Med 2023:10.1007/s12017-023-08734-5. [PMID: 36737508 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) is the most abundantly and widely expressed channel protein in the TRP family. While numerous studies have been conducted involving many aspects of TRPML1, such as its role in cell biology, oncology, and neurodegenerative diseases, there are limited reports about what role it plays in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (SBI). Here we examined the function of TRPML1 in ICH-induced SBI. The caudal arterial blood of rats was injected into the caudate nucleus of basal ganglia to establish an experimental ICH model. We observed that lentivirus downregulated the expression level of TRPML1 and chemical agonist promoted the enzyme activity of TRPML1. The results indicated that the protein levels of TRPML1 in brain tissues increased 24 h after ICH. These results suggested that downregulated TRPML1 could significantly reduce inflammatory cytokines, and ICH induced the production of LDH and ROS. Furthermore, TRPML1 knockout relieved ICH-induced neuronal cell death and degeneration, and declines in learning and memory after ICH could be improved by downregulating the expression of TRPML1. In addition, chemical agonist-expressed TRPML1 showed the opposite effect and exacerbated SBI after ICH. In summary, this study demonstrated that TRPML1 contributed to brain injury after ICH, and downregulating TRPML1 could improve ICH-induced SBI, suggesting a potential target for ICH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Shi
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiasheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinrong Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Institute of Stroke Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wu T, Kou J, Li X, Diwu Y, Li Y, Cao DY, Wang R. Electroacupuncture alleviates traumatic brain injury by inhibiting autophagy via increasing IL-10 production and blocking the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 38:921-932. [PMID: 36517637 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, switched by the AMPK/mTOR signaling, has been revealed to contribute greatly to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electroacupuncture (EA) is a promising therapeutic method for TBI, however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we hypothesize that the therapeutic effect of EA on TBI is associated with its inhibition on AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, TBI, and TBI + EA. TBI model was established by using an electronic controlled cortical impactor. Rats were treated with EA at 12 h after modeling, 15 min daily for 14 consecutive days. EA was applied at the acupuncture points Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI4), Baihui (GV20), Guanyuan (CV4), Zusanli (ST36) and Yongquan (KI1), using dense-sparse wave, at frequencies of 1 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 mA. After 3, 7 and 14 days of modeling, the modified neurological severity scale (mNSS), rota rod system, and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test showed that EA treatment promoted neurological function recovery in TBI rats. Moreover, EA treatment alleviated brain edema, pathological damage, neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats. EA improved abnormal ultrastructure, including abnormal mitochondrial morphology and increased autophagosomes, in the brain neurons of TBI rats, as measured by transmission electron microscopy, and the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were performed to measure the protein levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), autophagy-related proteins and key proteins in the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. EA treatment increased IL-10 production, inhibited the AMPK/mTOR signaling, and inhibited excessive autophagy in TBI rats. Additionally, AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment had similar effects to EA. Both AMPK agonist AICAR and IL-10 neutralizing antibody treatments reversed the effects of EA on the related protein levels of autophagy and the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, and abolished the protective effects of EA on TBI rats. In conclusion, EA treatment promoted neurological function recovery and alleviated pathological damage and neuronal apoptosis in TBI rats through inhibiting excessive autophagy via increasing IL-10 production and blocking the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiushe Kou
- Pain Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Diwu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Scientific Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruihui Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Chhabra S, Giri A, Sherawat K. Role of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Activation in the Prevention of Neurological Abnormalities Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1718-1738. [PMID: 36272053 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The smoothened sonic hedgehog (Smo-Shh) pathway is one mechanism that influences neurogenesis, including brain cell differentiation and development during childhood. Shh signaling dysregulation leads to decreased target gene transcription, which contributes to increased neuronal excitation, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, eventually leading to neurological deficits. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD and related neurological dysfunctions are characterized by neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired neurogenesis, disturbing the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) link neuronal network. Despite the availability of several treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, some individuals may not benefit much from them. Several trials on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of OCD have also produced inadequate findings. This evidence-based review focuses on a potential pharmacological approach to alleviating OCD and associated neuronal deficits by preventing neurochemical alterations, in which sonic hedgehog activators are neuroprotective, lowering neuronal damage while increasing neuronal maintenance and survival. As a result, stimulating SMO-Shh via its potential activators may have neuroprotective effects on neurological impairment associated with OCD. This review investigates the link between SMO-Shh signaling and the neurochemical abnormalities associated with the progression of OCD and associated neurological dysfunctions. Role of Smo-Shh signaling in serotonergic neurogenesis and in maintaining their neuronal identity. The Shh ligand activates two main transcriptional factors known as Foxa2 and Nkx2.2, which again activates another transcriptional factor, GATA (GATA2 and GATA3), in post mitotic precursor cells of serotonergic neurons-following increased expression of Pet-1 and Lmx1b after GATA regulates the expression of many serotonergic enzymes such as TPH2, SERT, VMAT, slc6a4, Htr1a, Htr1b (Serotonin receptor enzymes), and MAO that regulate and control the release of serotonin and maintain their neuronal identity after their maturation. Abbreviation: Foxa2: Forkhead box; GATA: Globin transcription factor; Lmx1b: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; TPH2: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2; Htr1a: Serotonin receptor 1a; Htr1b: Serotonin receptor 1b; SERT: Serotonin transporter; VMAT: Vesicular monoamine transporter; MAO: Monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kajal Sherawat
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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12
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HajiEsmailPoor Z, Tabnak P, Ahmadzadeh B, Ebrahimi SS, Faal B, Mashatan N. Role of hedgehog signaling related non-coding RNAs in developmental and pathological conditions. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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13
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Simöes Da Gama C, Morin-Brureau M. Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:863836. [PMID: 35755780 PMCID: PMC9226644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.863836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a cellular and physical barrier with a crucial role in homeostasis of the brain extracellular environment. It controls the imports of nutrients to the brain and exports toxins and pathogens. Dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier increases permeability and contributes to pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and ischemia. It remains unclear how a dysregulated BBB contributes to these different syndromes. Initial studies on the role of the BBB in neurological disorders and also techniques to permit the entry of therapeutic molecules were made in animals. This review examines progress in the use of human models of the BBB, more relevant to human neurological disorders. In recent years, the functionality and complexity of in vitro BBB models have increased. Initial efforts consisted of static transwell cultures of brain endothelial cells. Human cell models based on microfluidics or organoids derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have become more realistic and perform better. We consider the architecture of different model generations as well as the cell types used in their fabrication. Finally, we discuss optimal models to study neurodegenerative diseases, brain glioma, epilepsies, transmigration of peripheral immune cells, and brain entry of neurotrophic viruses and metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraly Simöes Da Gama
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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14
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Sethi P, Prajapati A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Al-Mazroua HA, Narula AS. Smo-Shh Agonist Purmorphamine Prevents Neurobehavioral and Neurochemical Defects in 8-OH-DPAT-Induced Experimental Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030342. [PMID: 35326298 PMCID: PMC8946713 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted thoughts and behavior due to abnormal neuronal corticostriatal-thalamocortical pathway and other neurochemical changes. Purmorphamine is a smoothened-sonic-hedgehog agonist that has a protective effect against many neurological diseases due to its role in maintaining functional connectivity during CNS development and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. As part of our current research, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of PUR against behavioral and neurochemical changes in 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. Additionally, the effect of PUR was compared with the standard drug for OCD, i.e., fluvoxamine. The intra-dorsal raphe-nucleus injection of 8-OH-DPAT in rats for seven days significantly showed OCD-like repetitive and compulsive behavior along with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, as well as neurotransmitter imbalance. These alterations were dose-dependently attenuated by long-term purmorphamine treatment at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p. In this study, we assessed the level of various neurochemical parameters in different biological samples, including brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF, to check the drug’s effect centrally and peripherally. These effects were comparable to the standard oral treatment withfluvoxamine at 10 mg/kg. However, when fluvoxamine was given in combination with purmorphamine, there was a more significant restoration of these alterations than the individualtreatmentswithfluvoxamine and purmorphamine. All the above findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective effect of purmorphamine in OCD can be strong evidence for developing a new therapeutic target for treating and managing OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India; (R.G.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.A.); (H.A.A.-M.)
| | - Acharan S. Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA;
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15
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Sandmo SB, Matyasova K, Filipcik P, Cente M, Koerte IK, Pasternak O, Andersen TE, Straume-Næsheim TM, Bahr R, Jurisica I. Changes in circulating microRNAs following head impacts in soccer. Brain Inj 2022; 36:560-571. [PMID: 35172120 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2034042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the short-term effects of accidental head impacts and repetitive headers on circulating microRNAs, accounting for the effects of high-intensity exercise alone. METHODS Blood samples were collected from professional soccer players at rest. Repeat samples were drawn 1 h and 12 h after three conditions: (1) accidental head impacts in a match, (2) repetitive headers during training, and (3) high-intensity exercise. 89 samples were screened to detect microRNAs expressed after each exposure. Identified microRNAs were then validated in 98 samples to determine consistently deregulated microRNAs. Deregulated microRNAs were further explored using bioinformatics to identify target genes and characterize their involvement in biological pathways. RESULTS Accidental head impacts led to deregulation of eight microRNAs that were unaffected by high-intensity exercise; target genes were linked to 12 specific signaling pathways, primarily regulating chromatin organization, Hedgehog and Wnt signaling. Repetitive headers led to deregulation of six microRNAs that were unaffected by high-intensity exercise; target genes were linked to one specific signaling pathway (TGF-β). High-intensity exercise led to deregulation of seven microRNAs; target genes were linked to 31 specific signaling pathways. CONCLUSION We identified microRNAs specific to accidental head impacts and repetitive headers in soccer, potentially being useful as brain injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Bahr Sandmo
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Matyasova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Filipcik
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Inga Katharina Koerte
- cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Martin Straume-Næsheim
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Haugesund Rheumatism Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Li G, Duan L, Yang F, Yang L, Deng Y, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Curcumin suppress inflammatory response in traumatic brain injury via p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1326-1337. [PMID: 35080289 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common disease worldwide with a high mortality and disability rate and is closely related to the inflammatory response. However, the molecular mechanisms during the pathophysiological responses are not completely understood. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on TBI and the molecular mechanisms of the p38/MAPK signal pathway. We found that curcumin remarkably ameliorated secondary brain injury after TBI, including effects on the neurological severity score and inflammation. After injection of curcumin, the neurological function score of mice decreased significantly. Curcumin exhibited antiinflammatory pharmacological effects, as reflected by inhibition of inflammatory factors (e.g., interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α). Additionally, curcumin notably reduced the expression of p-p38 according to western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. In conclusion, curcumin remarkably alleviated posttraumatic inflammation and thus shows potential for treating inflammation associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fengbiao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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17
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Gong Y, Zhang G, Li B, Cao C, Cao D, Li X, Li H, Ye M, Shen H, Chen G. BMAL1 attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced secondary brain injury in rats by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1617. [PMID: 34926661 PMCID: PMC8640921 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Oxidative stress and inflammation are important pathological mechanisms of secondary brain injury (SBI) after ICH. Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1), which forms the core component of the circadian clock, was previously shown to be involved in many diseases and to participate in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, the role of BMAL1 in SBI following ICH is unknown. In addition, treatments targeting miR-155 and its downstream signaling pathway may exert a beneficial effect on SBI after ICH, while miR-155 may regulate Bmal1 mRNA stability and translation. Nevertheless, researchers have not clearly determined whetheantagomir-155 upregulates BMAL1 expression and subsequently attenuates ICH-induced brain injury in rats. Methods After establishing an ICH rat model by injecting autologous blood, the time course of changes in levels of the BMAL1 protein after ICH was analyzed. Subsequently, this study was designed to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of BMAL1 in SBI following ICH using lentiviral overexpression and antagomir-155 treatments. Results BMAL1 protein levels were significantly decreased in the ICH group compared to the sham group. Genetic overexpression of BMAL1 alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation, brain edema, blood-brain barrier injury, neuronal death, and neurological dysfunction induced by ICH. On the other hand, we observed that inhibiting miRNA-155 using antagomir-155 promoted the expression of BMAL1 and further activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to attenuate brain injury after ICH. Conclusions These results reveal that BMAL1 serves as a neuroprotective agent in ICH and upregulation of BMAL1 attenuates ICH-induced SBI. Therefore, BMAL1 may be a promising therapeutic target for SBI following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guoguo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery& Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Yuan M, Wu H. Astrocytes in the Traumatic Brain Injury: the Good and the Bad. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113943. [PMID: 34863998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes control many processes of the nervous system in health and disease, and respond to injury quickly. Astrocytes produce neuroprotective factors in the injured brain to clear cellular debris and to orchestrate neurorestorative processes that are beneficial for neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, astrocytes also become dysregulated and produce cytotoxic mediators that hinder CNS repair by induction of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Hence, we discuss the potential role of astrocytes in neuropathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and blood-brain barrier repair after TBI. Thus, an improved understanding of the dual role of astrocytes may advance our knowledge of post-brain injury recovery, and provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), 102206 Beijing, China.
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19
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Elorza Ridaura I, Sorrentino S, Moroni L. Parallels between the Developing Vascular and Neural Systems: Signaling Pathways and Future Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101837. [PMID: 34693660 PMCID: PMC8655224 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular disorders, which involve the vascular and nervous systems, are common. Research on such disorders usually focuses on either vascular or nervous components, without looking at how they interact. Adopting a neurovascular perspective is essential to improve current treatments. Therefore, comparing molecular processes known to be involved in both systems separately can provide insight into promising areas of future research. Since development and regeneration share many mechanisms, comparing signaling molecules involved in both the developing vascular and nervous systems and shedding light to those that they have in common can reveal processes, which have not yet been studied from a regenerative perspective, yet hold great potential. Hence, this review discusses and compares processes involved in the development of the vascular and nervous systems, in order to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms, which are most promising with regards to treatment for neurovascular disorders. Vascular endothelial growth factor, semaphorins, and ephrins are found to hold the most potential, while fibroblast growth factor, bone morphogenic protein, slits, and sonic hedgehog are shown to participate in both the developing vascular and nervous systems, yet have not been studied at the neurovascular level, therefore being of special interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Elorza Ridaura
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefano Sorrentino
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration DepartmentMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229ERThe Netherlands
- CNR Nanotec – Institute of NanotechnologyCampus Ecotekne, via MonteroniLecce73100Italy
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20
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Zhu J, Lin X, Chen C, Tan H, Gao Y, Li D, Chen G. WNK3 Promotes Neuronal Survival after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 477:76-88. [PMID: 34626749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With-no-lysine kinase 3 (WNK3) is a key regulator of chloride ion transport and neuronal survival in diverse cell types. WNK3 was previously found to regulate the activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) in ischemia-associated brain damage. However, the role of WNK3 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not yet been studied. A weight-drop TBI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats. Overexpression and specific inhibition were used to investigate the role of WNK3 in TBI via Western blot, immunofluorescence, neuronal apoptosis, brain water content, and neurological score analyses. We found pronounced TBI-induced downregulation of WNK3 expression and upregulation of NKCC1 expression in neurons, especially at 48 h. Overexpression of WNK3 significantly ameliorated neuronal apoptosis, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, brain edema and neurological deficits at 48 h after TBI. These effects were concomitant with reductions in p-NKCC1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/2) expression. Furthermore, bumetanide administration enhanced the neuroprotective effects of WNK3 overexpression against brain injury. Thus, WNK3 plays a neuroprotective role in TBI, and overexpression of WNK3 may increase cell resistance to apoptotic insults and brain edema, thereby alleviating secondary brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Helian Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China.
| | - Di Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-2 reduces white matter injury via PERK signaling in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 347:113899. [PMID: 34678230 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) destroys white matter, and this destruction is aggravated by secondary neuroinflammatory reactions. Although white matter injury (WMI) is strongly correlated with poor neurological function, understanding of white matter integrity maintenance is limited, and no available therapies can effectively protect white matter. One candidate approach that may fulfill this goal is cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist treatment. Here, we confirmed that a selective CB2 agonist, JWH133, protected white matter after TBI. METHODS The motor evoked potentials (MEPs), open field test, and Morris water maze test were used to assess neurobehavioral outcomes. Brain tissue loss, WM damage, Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), microglia responses were evaluated after TBI. The functional integrity of WM was measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Primary microglia and oligodendrocyte cocultures were used for additional mechanistic studies. RESULTS JWH133 increased myelin basic protein (MBP) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF200) levels and anatomic preservation of myelinated axons revealed by DTI and TEM. JWH133 also increased the numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, JWH133 drove microglial polarization toward the protective M2 phenotype and modulated the redistribution of microglia in the striatum. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that JWH133 downregulated phosphorylation of the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) signaling pathway and its downstream signals eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34); this downregulation was followed by p-Protein kinase B(p-Akt) upregulation. In primary cocultures of microglia and oligodendrocytes, JWH133 decreased phosphorylated PERK expression in microglia stimulated with tunicamycin and facilitated oligodendrocyte survival. These data reveal that JWH133 ultimately alleviates WMI and improves neurological behavior following TBI. However, these effects were prevented by SR144528, a selective CB2 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates the PERK-mediated interaction between microglia and oligodendrocytes. In addition, the results are consistent with recent findings that microglial polarization switching accelerates WMI, highlighting a previously unexplored role for CB2 agonists. Thus, CB2 agonists are potential therapeutic agents for TBI and other neurological conditions involving white matter destruction.
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22
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Abstract
Carbon dioxide is a common gas in the air which has been widely used in medical treatment. A carbon dioxide molecule consists of two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom through a covalent bond. In the body, carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. In healthy people, carbon dioxide is maintained within a narrow range (35–45 mmHg) by physiological mechanisms. The role of hypocapnia (partial pressure of carbon dioxide < 35 mmHg) and hypercapnia (partial pressure of carbon dioxide > 45 mmHg) in the nervous system is intricate. Past researches mainly focus on the effect of hypocapnia to nerve protection. Nevertheless, Hypercapnia seems to play an important role in neuroprotection. The mechanisms of hypocapnia and hypercapnia in the nervous system deserve our attention. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of hypocapnia and hypercapnia in stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ming Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Michinaga S, Inoue A, Sonoda K, Mizuguchi H, Koyama Y. Down-regulation of astrocytic sonic hedgehog by activation of endothelin ET B receptors: Involvement in traumatic brain injury-induced disruption of blood brain barrier in a mouse model. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105042. [PMID: 33838160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the adult brain, sonic hedgehog acts on cerebral microvascular endothelial cells to stabilize the blood-brain barrier. The expression of sonic hedgehog by astrocytes is altered during brain injury, and this change has been shown to affect permeability of blood-brain barrier. However, much remains unknown about the regulation of astrocytic sonic hedgehog production. Our results showed that endothelin-1 reduced sonic hedgehog mRNA expression and extracellular protein release in mouse cerebral cultured astrocytes, but had no effect in bEnd.3, a mouse brain microvascular endothelial-derived cell line. The effect of endothelin-1 on astrocyte sonic hedgehog expression was suppressed by an ETB antagonist BQ788, but was unchanged by the ETA antagonist FR139317. In cultured astrocytes and bEnd.3, endothelin-1 did not affect the expression of the sonic hedgehog receptor-related molecules, patched-1 and smoothened. In an animal model of traumatic brain injury, fluid percussion injury on the mouse cerebrum increased the expression of sonic hedgehog, patched-1, and smoothened. Repeated administration of BQ788 enhanced sonic hedgehog expression at 5 days after fluid percussion injury. Histochemical examination revealed sonic hedgehog expression in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes in the cerebrum after fluid percussion injury. Administration of exogenous sonic hedgehog and BQ788 suppressed Evans blue extravasation, an indicator of blood vessel permeability, induced by fluid percussion injury. The effects of BQ788 on fluid percussion injury-induced Evans blue extravasation were reduced by the administration of jervine, a sonic hedgehog inhibitor. Altogether, these results suggest that endothelin-1 down-regulates astrocytic sonic hedgehog to promote disruption of the blood-brain barrier during traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Ayana Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Kyomi Sonoda
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 668-8558, Japan.
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24
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Liu H, He J, Wu Y, Du Y, Jiang Y, Chen C, Yu Z, Zhong J, Wang Z, Cheng C, Sun X, Huang Z. Endothelial Regulation by Exogenous Annexin A1 in Inflammatory Response and BBB Integrity Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:627110. [PMID: 33679307 PMCID: PMC7930239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.627110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Target Following brain trauma, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and inflammatory response are critical pathological steps contributing to secondary injury, leading to high mortality and morbidity. Both pathologies are closely associated with endothelial remodeling. In the present study, we concentrated on annexin A1 (ANXA1) as a novel regulator of endothelial function after traumatic brain injury. Methods After establishing controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in male mice, human recombinant ANXA1 (rANXA1) was administered intravenously, followed by assessments of BBB integrity, brain edema, inflammatory response, and neurological deficits. Result Animals treated with rANXA1 (1 μg/kg) at 1 h after CCI exhibited optimal BBB protection including alleviated BBB disruption and brain edema, as well as endothelial junction proteins loss. The infiltrated neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines were suppressed by rANXA1, consistent with decreased adhesive and transmigrating molecules from isolated microvessels. Moreover, rANXA1 attenuated the neurological deficits induced by CCI. We further found that the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) inhibition has similar effect as rANXA1 in ameliorating brain injuries after CCI, whereas rANXA1 suppressed CCI-induced RhoA activation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the endothelial remodeling by exogenous rANXA1 corrects BBB disruption and inflammatory response through RhoA inhibition, hence improving functional outcomes in CCI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, China
| | - Junchi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao Campus), Qingdao, China
| | - Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Xue T, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Wu X, Shen H, Li X, Wu J, Li H, Wang Z, Chen G. Phosphorylation at S548 as a Functional Switch of Sterile Alpha and TIR Motif-Containing 1 in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:453-469. [PMID: 32968873 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif-containing 1 (SARM1) is a pro-degenerative molecule in Wallerian degeneration, which is mainly expressed in brain/neurons and colocalized with mitochondria and microtubules. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SARM1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in adult male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 g) was established, and in vitro, cultured primary neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to imitate I/R injury. Overexpression lentiviruses encoding wild-type SARM1 and SARM1 with serine 548 alanine mutation (S548A) were constructed and administered to rats by intra-penumbral injection. First, the potential role of SARM1 in cerebral I/R injury was confirmed by the increased protein levels of SARM1 within penumbra tissue, especially in neurons. Second, there was an increase in the phosphorylation ratio of p-SARM1(S548)/SARM1 at 2 h after MCAO/R. Third, on the basis of site-specific mutagenesis, we identified S548 as a key site for SARM1 phosphorylation in I/R conditions. Fourth, SARM1 (S548A) overexpression reduced infarct size, neuronal death, and neurobehavioral dysfunction, while wild-type SARM1 overexpression had the opposite effects. Finally, we found that SARM1 phosphorylation at the S548 site switched SARM1 function from promoting mitochondrial transport to inhibiting mitochondrial transport along axons after I/R injury. Restriction of SARM1 phosphorylation at S548 may be a promising intervention target for I/R injury; thus, exogenous administration of SARM1 (S548A) may be a novel strategy for improving neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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26
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Pringle AK, Solomon E, Coles BJ, Desousa BR, Shtaya A, Gajavelli S, Dabab N, Zaben MJ, Bulters DO, Bullock MR, Ahmed AI. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Promotes Peri-Lesion Cell Proliferation and Functional Improvement after Cortical Contusion Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:27-38. [PMID: 33748811 PMCID: PMC7962778 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2020.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability globally. No drug treatments are available, so interest has turned to endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) as alternative strategies for treatment. We hypothesized that regulation of cell proliferation through modulation of the sonic hedgehog pathway, a key NSC regulatory pathway, could lead to functional improvement. We assessed sonic hedgehog (Shh) protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with TBI. Using the cortical contusion injury (CCI) model in rodents, we used pharmacological modulators of Shh signaling to assess cell proliferation within the injured cortex using the marker 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU); 50mg/mL. The phenotype of proliferating cells was determined and quantified. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod test. In patients with TBI there is a reduction of Shh protein in CSF compared with control patients. In rodents, following a severe CCI, quiescent cells become activated. Pharmacologically modulating the Shh signaling pathway leads to changes in the number of newly proliferating injury-induced cells. Upregulation of Shh signaling with Smoothened agonist (SAG) results in an increase of newly proliferating cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), whereas the Shh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine leads to a reduction. Some cells expressed doublecortin (DCX) but did not mature into neurons. The SAG-induced increase in proliferation is associated with improved recovery of motor function. Localized restoration of Shh in the injured rodent brain, via increased Shh signaling, has the potential to sustain endogenous cell proliferation and the mitigation of TBI-induced motor deficits albeit without the neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Pringle
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elshadaie Solomon
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Coles
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anan Shtaya
- Neurosciences Research Centre, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nedal Dabab
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Malik J Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik O Bulters
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aminul I Ahmed
- Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Li G, Li W, Chen J, Zhao S, Bai Z, Liu Q, Liao Q, He M, Zhuang W, Chen M, Sun J, Chen Y. Noninvasive real-time assessment of intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury based on electromagnetic coupling phase sensing technology. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33455585 PMCID: PMC7812649 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the feasibility of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring after traumatic brain injury (TBI) by electromagnetic coupling phase sensing, we established a portable electromagnetic coupling phase shift (ECPS) test system and conducted a comparison with invasive ICP. Methods TBI rabbits’ model were all synchronously monitored for 24 h by ECPS testing and invasive ICP. We investigated the abilities of the ECPS to detect targeted ICP by feature extraction and traditional classification decision algorithms. Results The ECPS showed an overall downward trend with a variation range of − 13.370 ± 2.245° as ICP rose from 11.450 ± 0.510 mmHg to 38.750 ± 4.064 mmHg, but its change rate gradually declined. It was greater than 1.5°/h during the first 6 h, then decreased to 0.5°/h and finally reached the minimum of 0.14°/h. Nonlinear regression analysis results illustrated that both the ECPS and its change rate decrease with increasing ICP post-TBI. When used as a recognition feature, the ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUCs) of the ECPS to detect ICP ≥ 20 mmHg was 0.88 ± 0.01 based on the optimized adaptive boosting model, reaching the advanced level of current noninvasive ICP assessment methods. Conclusions The ECPS has the potential to be used for noninvasive continuous monitoring of elevated ICP post-TBI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02049-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuanglin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zelin Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Minglian He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingsheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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28
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Chen Y, Gong K, Xu Q, Meng J, Long T, Chang C, Wang Z, Liu W. Phosphoglycerate Mutase 5 Knockdown Alleviates Neuronal Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury Through Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:154-170. [PMID: 32253918 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction will provide important targets for preventing damage from neuronal insults. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is localized to the mitochondrial outer-inner membrane contact sites, and the PGAM5-Drp1 pathway is involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effects of PGAM5 on neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results: PGAM5 was overexpressed in mice subjected to TBI and in primary cortical neurons injured by mechanical equiaxial stretching. PGAM5 deficiency alleviated neuroinflammation, blocked Parkin, PINK1, and Drp1 translocation to mitochondria and abnormal phosphorylation of Drp1, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, and nerve malfunction in TBI mouse model. PGAM5-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) reduced Drp1 translocation and activation, including dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 (human Drp1 Ser616) and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643 (human Drp1 Ser637). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, the degree of mitochondrial impairment (mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP/ATP, AMP/ADP, antioxidant capacity), and neuronal injury in stretch-induced primary cortical neurons were reduced by blocking expression of PGAM5. The inhibition of PGAM5 is neuroprotective via attenuation of Drp1 activation, similar to that achieved by mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi1)-mediated Drp1 inhibition. Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the critical role of PGAM5 in progression of neuronal injury from TBI via Drp1 activation (dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. The data may open a window for developing new drugs to prevent the neuropathology of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
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29
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Swanson LC, Trujillo EA, Thiede GH, Katzenberger RJ, Shishkova E, Coon JJ, Ganetzky B, Wassarman DA. Survival Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila Is Increased by Heterozygosity for a Mutation of the NF-κB Innate Immune Response Transcription Factor Relish. Genetics 2020; 216:1117-1136. [PMID: 33109529 PMCID: PMC7768241 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathologies are caused by primary and secondary injuries. Primary injuries result from physical damage to the brain, and secondary injuries arise from cellular responses to primary injuries. A characteristic cellular response is sustained activation of inflammatory pathways commonly mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors. Using a Drosophila melanogaster TBI model, we previously found that the main proximal transcriptional response to primary injuries is triggered by activation of Toll and Imd innate immune response pathways that engage NF-κB factors Dif and Relish (Rel), respectively. Here, we found by mass spectrometry that Rel protein level increased in fly heads at 4-8 hr after TBI. To investigate the necessity of Rel for secondary injuries, we generated a null allele, Reldel , by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. When heterozygous but not homozygous, the Reldel mutation reduced mortality at 24 hr after TBI and increased the lifespan of injured flies. Additionally, the effect of heterozygosity for Reldel on mortality was modulated by genetic background and diet. To identify genes that facilitate effects of Reldel on TBI outcomes, we compared genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of uninjured and injured +/+, +/Reldel , and Reldel /Reldel flies at 4 hr following TBI. Only a few genes changed expression more than twofold in +/Reldel flies relative to +/+ and Reldel /Reldel flies, and they were not canonical innate immune response genes. Therefore, Rel is necessary for TBI-induced secondary injuries but in complex ways involving Rel gene dose, genetic background, diet, and possibly small changes in expression of innate immune response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Swanson
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Gene H Thiede
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Rebeccah J Katzenberger
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Department of Genetics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David A Wassarman
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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30
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Huang Y, Chen S, Luo Y, Han Z. Crosstalk between Inflammation and the BBB in Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:1227-1236. [PMID: 32562523 PMCID: PMC7770647 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200620230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is located at the interface between the central nervous system (CNS) and the circulatory system, is instrumental in establishing and maintaining the microenvironmental homeostasis of the CNS. BBB disruption following stroke promotes inflammation by enabling leukocytes, T cells and other immune cells to migrate via both the paracellular and transcellular routes across the BBB and to infiltrate the CNS parenchyma. Leukocytes promote the removal of necrotic tissues and neuronal recovery, but they also aggravate BBB injury and exacerbate stroke outcomes, especially after late reperfusion. Moreover, the swelling of astrocyte endfeet is thought to contribute to the ‘no-reflow’ phenomenon observed after cerebral ischemia, that is, blood flow cannot return to capillaries after recanalization of large blood vessels. Pericyte recruitment and subsequent coverage of endothelial cells (ECs) alleviate BBB disruption, which causes the transmigration of inflammatory cells across the BBB to be a dynamic process. Furthermore, interneurons and perivascular microglia also make contacts with ECs, astrocytes and pericytes to establish the neurovascular unit. BBB-derived factors after cerebral ischemia triggered microglial activation. During the later stage of injury, microglia remain associated with brain ECs and contribute to repair mechanisms, including postinjury angiogenesis, by acquiring a protective phenotype, which possibly occurs through the release of microglia-derived soluble factors. Taken together, we reviewed dynamic and bidirectional crosstalk between inflammation and the BBB during stroke and revealed targeted interventions based on the crosstalk between inflammation and the BBB, which will provide novel insights for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical
University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical
University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical
University, Beijing, China,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical
University, Beijing, China,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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31
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Antagonism of Protease-Activated Receptor 4 Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing Neuroinflammation via Inhibition of Tab2/NF-κB Signaling. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:242-254. [PMID: 33111257 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers the activation of the endogenous coagulation mechanism, and a large amount of thrombin is released to curb uncontrollable bleeding through thrombin receptors, also known as protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, thrombin is one of the most critical factors in secondary brain injury. Thus, the PARs may be effective targets against hemorrhagic brain injury. Since the PAR1 antagonist has an increased bleeding risk in clinical practice, PAR4 blockade has been suggested as a more promising treatment. Here, we explored the expression pattern of PAR4 in the brain of mice after TBI, and explored the effect and possible mechanism of BMS-986120 (BMS), a novel selective and reversible PAR4 antagonist on secondary brain injury. Treatment with BMS protected against TBI in mice. mRNA-seq analysis, Western blot, and qRT-PCR verification in vitro showed that BMS significantly inhibited thrombin-induced inflammation in astrocytes, and suggested that the Tab2/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in this process. Our findings provide reliable evidence that blocking PAR4 is a safe and effective intervention for TBI, and suggest that BMS has a potential clinical application in the management of TBI.
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32
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Li X, Li Y, Li S, Li H, Yang C, Lin J. The role of Shh signalling pathway in central nervous system development and related diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:180-189. [PMID: 32840890 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays important roles in developmental of vertebrate animal central nervous system (CNS), and Gli is its downstream signal molecule. Shh signalling is essential for pattern formation, cell-fate specification, axon guidance, proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons in CNS development. The abnormal signalling pathway of Shh leads to the occurrence of many nervous system diseases. The mechanism of Shh signalling is complex and remains incompletely understood. Nevertheless, studies have revealed that Shh signalling pathway is classified into canonical and non-canonical pathways. Here we review the role of the Shh signalling pathway and its impact in CNS development and related diseases. Specifically, we discuss the role of Shh in the spinal cord and brain development, cell differentiation and proliferation in CNS and related diseases such as brain tumour, Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. We also highlight future directions of research that could help to clarify the mechanisms and consequences of Shh signalling in the process of CNS development and related diseases. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized the role of Shh signalling pathway in CNS development and related diseases such as brain tumour, Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, autism, depression and traumatic brain injury. It also presented the author's opinions on the future research direction of Shh signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yunxiao Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuanqing Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Han Li
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ciqing Yang
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells & Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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33
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Zhou Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu W, Pan Y, Gao S, Dong X, Zhang JH, Shao A. Persistent Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction: Pathophysiological Substrate and Trigger for Late-Onset Neurodegeneration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:581. [PMID: 32581697 PMCID: PMC7296179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the major causes of death worldwide and leads to persisting neurological deficits in many of the survivors. One of the most significant long-term sequelae deriving from TBI is neurodegenerative disease, which is a group of incurable diseases that impose a heavy socio-economic burden. However, mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of TBI to neurodegenerative disease remain elusive. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a functional unit composed of neurons, neuroglia, vascular cells, and the basal lamina matrix. The key role of NVU dysfunction in many central nervous system diseases has been revealed. Studies have proved the presence of prolonged structural and functional abnormalities of the NVU after TBI. Moreover, growing evidence suggests impaired NVU function is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose the Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction (NVUD) Hypothesis, in which the persistent NVU dysfunction is thought to underlie the development of post-TBI neurodegeneration. We deduce NVUD Hypothesis through relational inference and supporting evidence, and suggest continued NVU abnormalities following TBI serve as the pathophysiological substrate and trigger yielding chronic neuroinflammation, proteinopathies and oxidative stress, consequently leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The NVUD Hypothesis may provide potential treatment and prevention strategies for TBI and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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