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Co-infections of human herpesviruses (CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7 and EBV) in non-transplant acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Virol J 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32183884 PMCID: PMC7079388 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human herpesviruses (HHVs) remain latent after primary infection and can be reactivated in response to immunosuppression and chemotherapy. Little is known about their incidence, potential relationships, risk factors and clinical impact in non-transplant leukemia patients. This study investigated prospectively incidence, risk factors, clinical impact and possible association of HHVs-(1–7) infections in patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Methods Study design involved longitudinal sampling before chemotherapy and in different phases of chemotherapy: post-induction, post-remission, and post-salvage during 2016–2018. A total of 734 plasma samples from 95 patients were analyzed by a qualitative, multiplex PCR for HHVs detection and a quantitative real-time PCR was used for cytomegalovirus (CMV) quantification. HHVs-(1–6) IgG and IgM antibodies were tested using immunoassays. Risk factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression and relationships between viruses were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Results The overall seroprevalences of HHV-(1–6) IgG were high (> 80%). At least one herpes viral agent was detected in 60 patients (63.3%). CMV was the most commonly detected virus in the different phases of chemotherapy (19.4%), followed by HHV-6 (9.7%), HHV-7 (5.2%) and EBV (2.7%). HSV-1/2 and VZV DNA were not detected. Twenty-seven patients (28.4%) had more than one virus detected in the follow-up, with 23 who were co-infected. CMV/HHV-6 was the most frequent co-infection (69.5%, 16/23). HHV-6 infection (p = 0.008) was identified as a risk factor for CMV infection while salvage treatment (p = 0.04) and CMV infection (p = 0.007) were found to be independent risk factors for HHV-6 infection. CMV co-infection was associated with severe lymphopenia with an absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) (< 500/μL) (p = 0.009), rash (p = 0.011), pneumonia (p = 0.016) and opportunistic infections [bacteremia, p < 0.001 and invasive fungal infection, (p = 0.024)] more frequently than CMV mono-viral infections. Conclusions Our data suggest that co-infection with HHVs, especially CMV and HHV-6, may contribute to the development of serious clinical manifestations with profound lymphopenia, pneumonia rash and increased risk for bacterial and fungal co-infections. These findings may suggest the synergistic effect of HHVs associated infection.
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Boubker S, Zerrouki N, Sidqi Z, Moussi M, El Mekkaoui A, Khannoussi W, Kharrasse G, Ismaili Z. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in blood transfusion center, Oujda Morocco (2013-2015). Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:163. [PMID: 31565125 PMCID: PMC6756816 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.163.18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem. Its epidemiology is not precisely known in Morocco. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV in a particular population of "blood donors" at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre in Oujda. A retrospective study was conducted from May 1, 2013 to May 31, 2015. Thirty-one thousand nine hundred and fifty-two blood donors were tested. Antigen detection was made according to ELISA technique (MonolisaTMHBs Ag ULTRA). HCV research was performed by ELISA using the kit « Monolisa HCV Ag-Ab ULTRA ». 177 blood donors included, they are divided into 155 male (87.6%) and 22 female (12.4%) subjects with a ratio of 7. The average age was 37.64 ± 12 years. Six cases were positive for HCV with an overall prevalence of 0.02%. The population study by sex shows a prevalence of 0.004% for 23177 male sera and 0.057% for 8775 female sera. Six donors were HCV positive, of which 05 were female (83.33%) and one was male (16.66%). The average age was 43 ± 14 years. Co-infection with HCV HBV-HCV and HCV-Syphilis and HCV-HIV are absent. Co-infection with HBV and HIV was found in one case. HBV-syphilis co-infection was found in 04 cases. Chronic viral hepatitis is a real global health problem. Its prevalence is currently estimated at 0.55% for HBV and 0.02% for HCV, reclassifying Morocco as a low endemic area. The prevention remains the most effective method to successfully control HBV and HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Boubker
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Nassiba Zerrouki
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Zaina Sidqi
- Blood transfusion center, Oujda, Morocco Samira Boubker, Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI, University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Maria Moussi
- Blood transfusion center, Oujda, Morocco Samira Boubker, Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI, University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Amine El Mekkaoui
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane Kharrasse
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Zahi Ismaili
- Hepato-Gastro-Enterology Unit Mohammed VI University Hospital Oujda, Oujda, Morocco
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Kashosi TM, Mutendela JK, Mwenebitu DL, Maotela JK, Mubagwa K. [Assessment of virological quality of transfused blood in the town of Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo]. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:193. [PMID: 30455822 PMCID: PMC6235500 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.193.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Bukavu, transfused blood is selected using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). These tests are easily performed without specialized equipments. This study aims to evaluate the virological quality of transfused blood assessed using rapid diagnostic tests. METHODS A blood sample was drawn from a blood bag and collected in a 4ml dry tube in 5 Health Care Facilities over a month. Counter analysis was performed on each sample using rapid tests and ELISA. Intrinsic and extrinsic values were calculated. Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of RDT compared with ELISA. RESULTS Three hundred and twelve samples were collected; 5 samples were positive for one or the other virologic marker while 307 samples were negative in all the tests. However Elisa showed, out of the 307 samples which were RDT test negative, 15 other positive samples including 3 samples positive for HIV, 3 for HCV and 9 for HBV. In addition, ELISA validated some RDT-positive samples and contradicted other results. Sensitivity and positive predictive value from rapid diagnostic tests were very low. The reliability of these tests was satisfactory, medium or low. CONCLUSION Blood assessed using RDTs poses a non negligible risk of viral infections. This study highlights the need for more reliable and efficient tests in our Health Care Facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théophile Mitima Kashosi
- Laboratoire de Recherche Biomédicale et de Santé Publique, Département de Sciences Biomédicales, Faculté de Médecine et Santé Communautaire, Université Évangélique en Afrique (UEA), République Démocratique du Congo
- Centre Internationale de Formation et de Recherches Avancées, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo
- Section Techniques de Laboratoire, Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales (ISTM) de Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | - David Lupande Mwenebitu
- Département de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Université Catholique de Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Jeff Kabinda Maotela
- Centre Provincial de Transfusion Sanguine (CPTS) de Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - Kanigula Mubagwa
- Centre Internationale de Formation et de Recherches Avancées, Bukavu, République Démocratique du Congo
- Département Scientifique Cardiovanculaire, Université de Leuven, Leuven, Belgique
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Decreasing the hepatitis B burden in Tunisia need more attention to adults for vaccination. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:1510-1511. [PMID: 28215204 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hussein WM, Anwar WA, Attaleb M, Mazini L, Försti A, Trimbitas RD, Khyatti M. A review of the infection-associated cancers in North African countries. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:35. [PMID: 27512409 PMCID: PMC4979152 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is typically classified as a leading non-communicable disease; however, infectious agents, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human papilloma virus (HPV), contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of various cancers. Less developed countries, including countries of the North African (NA) region, endure the highest burden of infection-related cancers. The five most common infection-associated cancers in NA in order of incidence are bladder cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review aims to outline the epidemiologic pattern of infection-associated cancers in five NA countries (namely: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt) highlighting the similarities and differences across the region. The present study employed an initial literature review of peer-reviewed articles selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and World Health Organization (WHO) databases based on key word searches without restriction on publication dates. Original research articles and reports written in French, as well as data from institutional reports and regional meeting abstracts were also included in this extensive review. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were selected to be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Mohamed Hussein
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagida A Anwar
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain ShamsUniversity, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Technics, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Mazini
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Meriem Khyatti
- Laboratory of Onco-virology, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Bouafsoun A, Hannachi N, Smaoui H, Boubaker SH, Kazdaghli K, Laabidi D, Boukadida J, Kechrid A. [Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 in children with fever and rash in the North of Tunisia]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 109:165-71. [PMID: 27385036 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-016-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of specific antibodies anti-human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in children with fever and rash. This study involved 257 children aged from 7 months to 15 years with febrile rash unrelated to measles and rubella (seronegative for IgM). The sera were examined by immunoenzymatic assay. Detection of antibodies of PVB19 was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). In our study, prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM were 44 and 11.3%, respectively. Clinically, children with positive IgM serology had submitted an erythema infectiosum (13/29 cases), myocarditis (1 case), encephalitis (1 case), severe sickle cell anemia (7 cases), and immunocompromised (7 cases). The incidence rate of viral infection was 11.3%; most of the cases of PVB19 infection occurred between the months of May and August. Incidence was higher in the 10-15 years age group (21%). The prevalence of IgG antibody varied and increased with age, it rises from 38.2% in preschool children (19 months-4 years) to 53.5% in those aged between 4.5 and 15 years, reaching 58% in the 10-15 years age group. The four risk factors of PVB19 infection are: (1) those aged between 4.5 and 9 years, which is the most affected age group (P = 0.0018); (2) female gender in children aged between 19 months and 4 years (P = 0.037); (3) transfusion and (4) immune deficiency (P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively). The study of the prevalence of PVB19 infection shows that viral infection is acquired early in childhood, increases with age; viral transmission is favored by the community life. Because of the widespread vaccination program against measles and rubella, the systematic search of PVB19 in front of eruptive fevers becomes important.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouafsoun
- Unité de recherche UR12ES01, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie. .,Service de microbiologie, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza, 1006 Bab-Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - N Hannachi
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, hôpital Farhat-Hached de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - H Smaoui
- Unité de recherche UR12ES01, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de microbiologie, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza, 1006 Bab-Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - S H Boubaker
- Unité de recherche UR12ES01, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de microbiologie, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza, 1006 Bab-Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - K Kazdaghli
- Service de pédiatrie A, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - D Laabidi
- Unité de recherche UR12ES01, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de microbiologie, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza, 1006 Bab-Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - J Boukadida
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, hôpital Farhat-Hached de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - A Kechrid
- Unité de recherche UR12ES01, faculté de médecine de Tunis, université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.,Service de microbiologie, hôpital d'enfants Béchir-Hamza, 1006 Bab-Saadoun, Tunis, Tunisie
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Hepatitis E virus in the countries of the Middle East and North Africa region: an awareness of an infectious threat to blood safety. Infection 2015; 44:11-22. [PMID: 26112744 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted through contaminated water supplies which make the virus endemic in developing countries including countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Recent reports suggest potential risk of HEV transmission via blood transfusion. METHODS Related articles on HEV were collected by searching through the 25 countries of the MENA region using Pubmed and Medline within the past 14 years: January 2000-August 2014. RESULTS One hundred articles were extracted, of which 25 were not eligible. The articles discussed the seroprevalence of HEV and HEV markers in 12 countries. Eight articles provided data on HEV in blood donors. The seroprevalence of HEV in the general MENA population ranged from 2.0 to 37.5% and was higher in males than in females. Prevalence increased with age, but exposure seems to be in early life. CONCLUSIONS In the MENA region, the role of HEV as an infectious threat to blood safety is under-investigated. More data are needed to quantify the risk of transmission and to assess clinical outcomes. This requires, at least, surveillance screening of donors and recipients for HEV markers using sensitive and specific serological tests. At the present time, serious consideration should be given to selective screening for certain groups of patients (e.g., immunocompromised, pregnant women and others) who commonly require blood transfusion and are at high risk of hepatic failure or chronicity from HEV infection.
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The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in the Maghreb region: systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121873. [PMID: 25803848 PMCID: PMC4372394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically review and synthesize available epidemiological data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and incidence in the Maghreb region and to estimate the country-specific population-level HCV prevalence. Methods We conducted a systematic review of HCV antibody prevalence and incidence in the Maghreb countries as outlined by the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were conducted using DerSimonian-Laird random-effect models with inverse variance weighting to pool HCV prevalence estimates among general population groups. Results We identified 133 HCV prevalence measures and two HCV incidence measures. Among high risk groups, HCV prevalence ranged between 22% and 94% among people who inject drugs, 20% and 76% among dialysis patients, and 2% and 51% among hemophiliacs. Among intermediate-risk groups, considerable but widely variable HCV prevalence was found. Most common risk factors cited across studies were the duration of dialysis, number of transfusions, and having a history of surgery or dental work. The national HCV prevalence in Algeria was estimated at 0.3% (95%CI: 0.1–0.5), Libya 1.2% (95%CI: 1.1–1.3), Mauritania 1.1% (95%CI: 0–2.3), Morocco 0.8% (95%CI: 0.5–1.2), and Tunisia 0.6% (95%CI: 0.5–0.8). Conclusions HCV prevalence in the Maghreb region of the Middle East and North Africa is comparable to that in developed countries of about 1%. HCV exposures appear often to be linked to medical care and are suggestive of ongoing transmission in such settings. Injecting drug use appears also to be a major, though not dominant, contributor to HCV transmission. Further research is needed to draw a more thorough understanding of HCV epidemiology, especially in the countries with limited number of studies. HCV prevention policy and programming in these countries should focus on the settings of exposure.
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Mohamoud YA, Miller FD, Abu-Raddad LJ. Potential for human immunodeficiency virus parenteral transmission in the Middle East and North Africa: An analysis using hepatitis C virus as a proxy biomarker. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12734-12752. [PMID: 25278675 PMCID: PMC4177460 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has endured several major events of infection parenteral transmission. Recent work has established the utility of using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a proxy biomarker for assessing the epidemic potential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) parenteral transmission. In this review, we use data on the prevalence of HCV infection antibody (seroprevalence) among general population and high risk population groups to assess the potential for HIV parenteral transmission in MENA. Relatively low prevalence of HCV infection in the general population groups was reported in most MENA countries indicating that parenteral HIV transmission at endemic levels does not appear to be a cause for concern. Nonetheless, there could be opportunities for localized HIV outbreaks and transmission of other blood-borne infections in some settings such as healthcare facilities. Though there have been steady improvements in safety measures related to parenteral modes of transmission in the region, these improvements have not been uniform across all countries. More precautions, including infection control training programs, surveillance systems for nosocomial infections and wider coverage and evaluation of hepatitis B virus immunization programs need to be implemented to avoid the unnecessary spread of HIV, HCV, and other blood-borne pathogens along the parenteral modes of transmission.
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Hepatitis E: an old infection with new implications. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:6-17. [PMID: 25369613 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0063-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim JH, Nelson KE, Panzner U, Kasture Y, Labrique AB, Wierzba TF. A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:308. [PMID: 24902967 PMCID: PMC4055251 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is a newly recognized serious threat to global public health and Africa is suspected to be among the most severely affected regions in the world. Understanding HEV epidemiology in Africa will expedite the implementation of evidence-based control policies aimed at preventing the spread of HEV including policies for the use of available resources such as HEV vaccines. METHODS Here we present a comprehensive review of HEV epidemiology in Africa based on published data. We searched for articles on HEV epidemiology in Africa from online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science and critically reviewed appropriate publications to extract consistent findings, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest future studies. RESULTS Taking a particularly high toll in pregnant women and their fetuses, HEV has infected human populations in 28 of 56 African countries. Since 1979, 17 HEV outbreaks have been reported about once every other year from Africa causing a reported 35,300 cases with 650 deaths. CONCLUSIONS In Africa, HEV infection is not new, is widespread, and the number of reported outbreaks are likely a significant underestimate. The authors suggest that this is a continent-wide public health problem that deserves the attention of local, regional and international agencies to implement control policies that can save numerous lives, especially those of pregnant women and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-919, South Korea
| | - Kenrad E Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ursula Panzner
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-919, South Korea
| | - Yogita Kasture
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-919, South Korea
| | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas F Wierzba
- International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, San 4-8, Nakseongdae-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-919, South Korea
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Lee YM, Chuang SY, Wang SF, Lin YT, Chen YMA. Epidemiology of human herpesvirus type 8 and parvovirus B19 infections and their association with HIV-1 among men who have sex with men and injection drug users in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 47:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ezzikouri S, Pineau P, Benjelloun S. Hepatitis B virus in the Maghreb region: from epidemiology to prospective research. Liver Int 2013; 33:811-9. [PMID: 23530901 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents an important health problem in the Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia, but no detailed synthesis of its epidemiology is available. In this review, we systematically searched for data about HBV in the Maghreb in peer-reviewed databases and included in our analysis works written in English and French, as well as institutional reports and regional conference meeting abstracts. We estimated national and regional prevalence of chronic HBV infection. In addition, we discuss molecular features of the viral strains circulating in the region. Data analysis suggests that in the Maghreb region HBs antigen carriage concerns 1.8-4.9% of the population for an estimated number of 2.7 million persons. Genotype D, subtype D7, is predominant and mutations in the precore region of HBV genome are highly prevalent. This epidemiological situation requires obviously widespread active interventions for prevention and control. In addition, anti-hepatitis B vaccination programme should be applied with the utmost discipline in the five countries considered in this present review. This systematic review will, hopefully, increase knowledge at disposal of Public Health authorities, enabling better resource allocation and healthcare delivery. The present synthesis intends to stimulate policies aiming at preventing the spread of HBV, keeping in mind that eradication of the virus from Maghrebi populations should be the ultimate objective of Public Health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Ezzikouri S, Pineau P, Benjelloun S. Hepatitis C virus infection in the Maghreb region. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1542-9. [PMID: 23780703 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a global health problem with a worldwide prevalence of about 3% (around 170 million people). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is major concern in the Maghreb countries, Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia, but no detailed description of its epidemiology in the region is available. In the present review, a systematic search was undertaken covering HCV data available in peer-reviewed databases as well as institutional reports and regional conference meeting abstracts from the Maghreb countries. Reports written in English and French were included in this analysis. Estimates of national and regional prevalence of HCV infection (based on anti-HCV antibody) and of the size of patient populations were performed. In addition, the molecular features of the circulating viral strains in the region are discussed. A substantial proportion, 1.2-1.9% of the Maghreb inhabitants, have anti-HCV antibodies. Genotype 1b predominates among viral strains in all countries except in Libya, where genotype 4 is dominant as in neighboring Egypt. This epidemiological situation is of significant concern, and requires urgent, broad, and active intervention for the prevention and control of HCV. More specifically, the application of state-of-the-art hygiene procedures and rigorous controls in medical disciplines such as hemodialysis, transfusion, endoscopic procedures, and dentistry is necessary to reduce significantly the number of new infections in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Colunga-Pedraza JE, Monreal-Robles R, Colunga-Pedraza PR, Méndez-Ramírez N, Salazar-Riojas R, Gómez-Almaguer D. Acute maternal cytomegalovirus infection is associated with significantly decreased numbers of CD34+ cells in umbilical cord blood. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:166-9. [PMID: 22818857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND There is little information regarding the serologic status of umbilical cord blood (UCB) donors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent agent transmitted by blood products and studies have reported that CMV can inhibit myelopoiesis, however, its effects on the cellular content of UCB have not been documented. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated, retrospectively, the prevalence of serological evidence of infection in 857 women donating their UCB at a public university hospital and studied the influence of acute CMV exposure on UCB content of CD34+ cells. The biological characteristics of UCB from serology positive-donors were compared with those of women with negative tests. RESULTS We found that 51 of 857 (6%) UCB units were positive for infectious disease markers; anti-CMV IgM was the most prevalent marker, 43 of 51 (86%) of cases with infectious markers. UCB collected from anti-CMV IgM-positive donors more frequently met rejection criteria for use as a transplanation product. The CD34+ cell count was the most often affected, 2.48×10(6) in anti-CMV IgM-positive donors compared to 1.48×10(6) in unaffecetd donors( p=0.006). The probability of a UCB meeting a CD34+ cell content≥2×10(6) was significantly lower in units from IgM anti-CMV+ women compared to unaffecetd donors [Odds ratio (OR)=0.428 (95% CI 0.182-0.632; p=0.015]; the total nucleated cell count (TNC) was lower but not statistically significant [p=0.068]. CONCLUSION UCB donated by anti-CMV IgM-positive women has a high probability of not meeting the criteria required for cryopreservation for future use as a transplantation product, because of the low number of CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jaime-Pérez
- Hematology Department, Dr. José Eleuterio González University Hospital of the School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Houcine N, Jacques R, Salma F, Anne-Gaëlle D, Amin S, Mohsen H, Hamadi B, Christophe R, Patrice A, Mahjoub A, Caroline S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in rural and urban populations, Tunisia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E119-21. [PMID: 22404115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the leading agents of acute hepatitis. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of HEV infection in the Tunisian adult general population, either in blood donors (n=687) or in patients hospitalized for acute hepatitis (n=202). The mode of transmission differed between these two populations: contact with animals and living in a rural habitat were the main risk factors for being in contact with HEV in asymptomatic blood donors, while HEV was contracted through contaminated water in symptomatic cases. HEV seroprevalence in adult blood donors in Tunisia was relatively low (5.4%) and increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neffati Houcine
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biological Agents, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia
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