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Rivelli AR, Castronuovo D, Gatta BL, Liberatore MT, Libutti A. Qualitative Characteristics and Functional Properties of Cherry Tomato under Soilless Culture Depending on Rootstock Variety, Harvesting Time and Bunch Portion. Foods 2024; 13:1450. [PMID: 38790750 PMCID: PMC11120634 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato grafting is an effective practice in increasing the profitability of fresh-market tomato cultivation, especially in greenhouses, and is also considered a strategy for enhancing fruit quality. In this study, selected quanti-qualitative traits, and the of bioactive health-promoting compound and organic acid contents of cherry tomato fruits from three different scion/rootstock combinations (Sunstream/Top Bental, Sunstream/Kaiser and Sunstream/Suzuka) grown under a greenhouse hydroponic system were evaluated in three different harvests (beginning, middle and end of the whole harvesting period) and on three different bunch portions (proximal, central and distal). Although the tomato productive performance was influenced by the rootstock, with Suzuka and Kaiser grafted plants showing the highest total marketable yield (9.8 kg plant-1, i.e., 20% more than Top Bental), the yield-related traits (bunch number, weight and length per plant, and fruit number per bunch) and the qualitative characteristics of the fruits (color, equatorial and polar diameters, dry matter and solid soluble contents, pH and titratable acidity) showed less variability, by displaying, along with the bioactive compound contents (total polyphenols, lycopene, β-carotene), DPPH free radical scavenging activity and organic acids contents (lactic and acetic), a significant effect of the harvesting time and bunch portion. Fruits from the beginning of the harvesting period showed better qualitative and functional properties, with the lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 178.6 and 3 mg 100 g-1 fw, and fruits from proximal and central bunch portions had lycopene and β-carotene contents equal to 203.1 and 2.9 mg 100 g-1 fw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Rivelli
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.R.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Donato Castronuovo
- School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.R.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Barbara La Gatta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Maria Teresa Liberatore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
| | - Angela Libutti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (B.L.G.); (M.T.L.)
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Liu W, Sun M, He Y, Guo Q, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang G. Quality Evaluation of Asparagus officinalis by Profile of Amino Acids and Mineral Elements in Different Parts Combined with Chemometrics Methods. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301754. [PMID: 38348931 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis has a homologous value in medicine and vegetables. Its immature stem, commonly called asparagus, is a central edible part. Asparagus skin and leaf also contain rich nutrients. However, these parts are often discarded. This study investigated amino acid and mineral elements in immature stem, skinless asparagus, asparagus skin, and leaf. Their quality was further evaluated by chemometrics methods such as principal component analysis and neural network analysis. The results showed amino acid content was high in immature stem and skinless asparagus and low in leaf, whereas the mineral elements were in four parts. Quality evaluation results showed four parts were divided into three grades. Immature stem and skinless asparagus were grouped into cluster 1 with the best quality as high-quality raw materials in food and health-care products. Meanwhile, three AA (Cys, His, Arg) and two mineral elements (Na, Cr) were identified as quality evaluation iconic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yinglong He
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Henan Fengcai Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Sui County, 476900, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Henan Huamiao Agricultural Development Co. LTD., Hebi, 458030, P. R. China
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3
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Olas B. A Review of the Pro-Health Activity of Asparagus officinalis L. and Its Components. Foods 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38254589 PMCID: PMC10814860 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Asparagus comprises about 300 species, including A. curilus, A. filicinus, A. reacemosus, and A. officinalis L. A particularly well-known member of the genus is Asparagus officinalis L., also known as "the king of vegetables". Consuming A. officinalis makes an excellent contribution to a healthy diet. Modern studies have shown it to have a diuretic effect and promote defecation; it also demonstrates high levels of basic nutrients, including vitamins, amino acids and mineral salts. Moreover, it is rich in fiber. Asparagus contains large amounts of folic acid (10 cooked shoots provide 225 micrograms, or almost 50% of the daily requirement) and vitamin C (10 cooked shoots provide 25 mg). The present review describes the current literature concerning the pro-health properties of various parts of A. officinalis L., with a particular focus on its spears. It is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, Sci Finder, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. The data indicate that the various parts of A. officinalis, especially the spears, contain many bioactive compounds. However, although the extracts and chemical compounds isolated from A. officinalis, especially saponins, appear to have various biological properties and pro-health potential, these observations are limited to in vitro and animal in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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4
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Chitrakar B, Hou Y, Devahastin S, Zhang M, Sang Y. Protocols for extraction and purification of rutin from leafy by-products of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) and characterization of the purified product. Food Chem 2023; 418:136014. [PMID: 37001361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of asparagus leafy by-products as a potential source of rutin through selected extraction and purification protocols was investigated. Protocol resulting in the highest extraction yield was first selected. Crude extract was subject to purification via multiple liquid-liquid back extraction using ethanol, methanol or water as a solvent; selection of the most appropriate purification solvent was made based on rutin solubility. The proposed purification protocol yielded yellow-color crystals, which were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm them as rutin. Purity of rutin was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography at 97.6%; yield of the purified rutin was determined to be 78.2%. The remaining rutin (21.8%) was found in the liquids collected at various stages of purification; such liquids could be recycled using the same purification process. The proposed protocols are simple, yet effective for rutin extraction and purification from asparagus leafy by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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Chileh Chelh T, Rincon-Cervera MA, Gomez-Mercado F, Lopez-Ruiz R, Gallon-Bedoya M, Ezzaitouni M, Guil-Guerrero JL. Wild Asparagus Shoots Constitute a Healthy Source of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:5786. [PMID: 37570757 PMCID: PMC10421306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild Asparagus shoots are consumed worldwide, although most species remain understudied. In this work, a total of four wild Asparagus species were collected from different locations and analyzed compared with farmed A. officinalis. Shoots were screened for (i) phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS; (ii) total phenolic acids and total flavonoid content by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods; (iii) vitamin C by HPLC-DAD; (iv) antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS•+ methods; and (v) the in vitro antiproliferative activities against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells by the MTT assay. Phenolics ranged from 107.5 (A. aphyllus) to 605.4 mg/100 g dry weight (dw) (A. horridus). Vitamin C ranged from 15.8 (A. acutifolius) to 22.7 mg/100 g fresh weight (fw) (A. officinalis). The antioxidant activity was similar in all species, standing out in A. officinalis with 5.94 (DPPH) and 4.64 (ABTS) mmol TE/100 g dw. Among phenolics, rutin reached the highest values (574 mg/100 g dw in A. officinalis), followed by quercetin, nicotiflorin, asterin, and narcissin. The MTT assay revealed the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts against HT-29 cancer cells, highlighting the cell growth inhibition exercised by A. albus (300 µg/mL after 72 h exposure to cells). This work improves knowledge on the phytochemicals and bioactivities of the shoots of wild Asparagus species and confirms their suitability for use as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Chileh Chelh
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Miguel A. Rincon-Cervera
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | | | - Rosalia Lopez-Ruiz
- Chemical-Physical Department, Analytical Chemistry of Pollutants, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain;
| | - Manuela Gallon-Bedoya
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Medellín Campus, National University of Colombia, Medellin 050034, Colombia;
| | - Mohamed Ezzaitouni
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
| | - Jose L. Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, ceiA3, CIAMBITAL, University of Almeria, 04120 Almeria, Spain; (T.C.C.); (M.A.R.-C.); (M.E.)
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Suparmaniam U, Lam MK, Rawindran H, Lim JW, Pa'ee KF, Yong KTL, Tan IS, Chin BLF, Show PL, Lee KT. Optimizing extraction of antioxidative biostimulant from waste onion peels for microalgae cultivation via response surface model. ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 286:117023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
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Guo Y, Liu Z, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Abdu HI, Yang M, Pei J, Yue T, Zhang X, Hacimuftuoglu A, Abd El-Aty AM. Literature analysis on asparagus roots and review of its functional characterizations. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1024190. [PMID: 37139102 PMCID: PMC10149932 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagus root (AR) is utilized globally as a traditional herbal medicine because it contains various bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and minerals. The composition profiles of AR are strongly affected by its botanical and geographical origins. Although minerals and heavy metals are minor constituents of AR, they play a crucial role in determining its quality and efficacy. A comprehensive classification of AR, its phytochemistry, and its pharmacology were reviewed and interpreted herein. Potentially eligible articles (in English) were identified through an electronic search of the Web of Science database (2010-2022) and Google (2001-2022). We used the primary search term "Asparagus roots" combined with the words "pharmacology," "bioactive compounds," "physicochemical properties," and "health benefits" to find the relevant literature. We screened the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the publications obtained from the database. A full copy of the article was obtained for further assessment if deemed appropriate. Different asparagus species might potentially be used as herbal medicines and functional foods. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds as valuable secondary metabolites. The dominant class of bioactive compounds in AR is flavonoids. Furthermore, AR displayed significant pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects, as shown in animal and human studies. This review provides a valuable resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of Asparagus root as a functional ingredient for the pharmaceutical and food industries. In addition, it is anticipated that this review will provide information to healthcare professionals seeking alternative sources of critical bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Guo
- College of Health Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingjie Wan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hassan Idris Abdu
- College of Health Management, Shangluo University, Shangluo, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Yang
- College of Society and Science, Tibet Cultural University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianbin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Precision Diagnosis, Treatment of Digestive System Tumors, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Dilucia F, Rutigliano M, Libutti A, Quinto M, Spadaccino G, Liberatore MT, Lauriola M, di Luccia A, la Gatta B. Effect of a Novel Pretreatment Before Freeze-Drying Process on the Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol Content of Malva sylvestris L., Calendula officinalis L., and Asparagus officinalis L. Infusions. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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9
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Tao H, Li L, He Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Hong G. Flavonoids in vegetables: improvement of dietary flavonoids by metabolic engineering to promote health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3220-3234. [PMID: 36218329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in plants, and have antioxidant effects as well as other bioactivities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, and neuroprotective effects). Vegetables are rich in flavonoids and are indispensable in our daily diet. Moreover, the vegetables as chassis for producing natural products would emerge as a promising means for cost-effective and sustainable production of flavonoids. Understanding the metabolic engineering of flavonoids in vegetables allows us to improve their nutrient composition. In this review, a comprehensive overview of flavonoids in vegetables, including the characterized types and distribution, health-promoting effects, associated metabolic pathways, and applied metabolic engineering are provided. We also introduce breakthroughs in multi-omics approaches that pertain to the elucidation of flavonoids metabolism in vegetables, as well as prospective and potential genome-editing technologies. Based on the varied composition and content of flavonoids among vegetables, dietary suggestions are further provided for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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You C, Wen R, Zhang Z, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Li N, Deng C, Li S, Gao W. Development and applications of a collection of single copy gene-based cytogenetic DNA markers in garden asparagus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010664. [PMID: 36247554 PMCID: PMC9559582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis, 2n = 2x = 20 chromosomes) is an important dioecious vegetable crop and a model species for studying sex chromosome formation and evolution. However, few molecular cytogenetic studies on garden asparagus have been reported because of its small metaphase chromosomes, the scarcity of distinguished cytogenetic markers, and the high content of repetitive sequences. In this study, a set of single copy genes free of repetitive sequences with sizes ranging from 4.3 kb to 8.2 kb were screened and used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify individual chromosomes of garden asparagus. The chromosome-specific signal distribution patterns of these probes enabled the distinguishment of each pair of chromosomes. The sequence assembly and cytogenetic map were successfully integrated, and the results confirmed that the chromosome 1 representing the sex chromosome in the genome assembly is chromosome 5 in the karyotype analysis. The cytogenetic identification of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) was implemented using a mixed probe derived from a number of MSY-specific single copy sequences. In addition, the chromosome orthologous relationship between garden asparagus (A1-A10, karyotypic analysis) and its hermaphrodite close relative, A. setaceus (B1-B10, karyotypic analysis), was analyzed using this collection of chromosome-specific cytological markers. The results showed that B3 is the ortholog of sex chromosome A5 and thus may represent the ancestral autosome of the current sex chromosome in garden asparagus. Chromosomes B5, B4, B1, B8, B7, and B9 are the orthologs of A2, A3, A4, A7, A8, and A10, respectively. The chromosome identification, cytogenetic recognition of MSY, and the orthologous relationship analysis between garden asparagus and A. setaceus are valuable for the further investigation of the sex chromosome emergence and evolutionary mechanism of garden asparagus and genome structure evolution in the Asparagus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shufen Li
- *Correspondence: Wujun Gao, ; Shufen Li,
| | - Wujun Gao
- *Correspondence: Wujun Gao, ; Shufen Li,
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11
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Wang Y, Zhao W, Li Y, Zhao H, Ye X, Li T, Wang Z, Huang L. Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of sour jujube extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:3736-3748. [PMID: 36348776 PMCID: PMC9632212 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic‐assisted extraction is a rapid and effective extraction method that uses ultrasound energy and solvents to extract target compounds from various plant matrices. In this study, the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction conditions of sour jujube were optimized. A five‐level central composite design (CCD) with four variables was used to evaluate ultrasonic treatment variables influencing the total saponin content (TSC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC) extracted from sour jujube. The solvent concentration, extraction time, ultrasonic power, and solid‐to‐liquid (S/L) ratio were optimized using aqueous ethanol and methanol solutions as extraction solvents. A central composite design (CCD) was used for an in‐depth study, and then the optimal value that could produce the maximum TPC, TFC, TSC, and four in vitro antioxidant activities (scavenging activity of hydroxyl free radicals, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdic acid reduction method, and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity) was determined. Hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress experiment confirmed that the Jujube extract could have an antioxidant role in vivo. The relationship between the contents of three compounds and the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo was further studied. The results showed that optimizing methanol and ethanol extraction process parameters could improve target components’ extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the TFC and TPC yields of sour jujube by ethanol are better than methanol, while the yield of TSC by methanol is better than ethanol. In vivo data showed that Jujube extract protects against the adverse effects of oxidative stress and improves the life span of female and male Drosophila. This study provides a valuable reference for the full use of Ziziphus jujube, as well as a new direction in food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Wan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Harbin China
| | - Xiaonan Ye
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Tingli Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin China
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12
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Fan R, Wang L, Fan J, Sun W, Dong H. The Pulsed Electric Field Assisted-Extraction Enhanced the Yield and the Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber From Orange Peel. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925642. [PMID: 35938122 PMCID: PMC9355398 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the effects of pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction on the yield, physicochemical properties, and structure of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from orange peel. The results showed that the optinal parameters of PEF assisted extraction SDF was temperature of 45oC with the electric field intensity of 6.0 kV/cm, pulses number of 30, and time of 20min and SDF treated with PEF showed the higher water solubility, water-holding and oil-holding capacity, swelling capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foam stability and higher binding capacity for Pb2+, As3+, Cu2+, and higher which resulted from the higher viscosity due to PEF treatment. Compared with the untreated orange peel, the SDF obtained with PEF exhibited stronger antioxidant activities, which was due to its smaller molecular weight (189 vs. 512 kDa). In addition, scanning electron micrograph images demonstrated that the surface of PEF-SDF was rough and collapsed. Overall, it was suggested that PEF treatment could improve the physicochemical properties of SDF from the orange peel and would be the potential extraction technology with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality Evaluation and Nutrition Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Food and Drug Comprehensive Testing Center, Tangshan, China
| | - Jingfang Fan
- Hebei Plant Protection and Quarantine General Station, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wanqiu Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shijiazhuang Institute of Pomology, Heibei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, National Pear Improvement Centre, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Dong ;
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13
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Symes A, Shavandi A, Bekhit AEA. Effects of ionic liquids and pulsed electric fields on the extraction of antioxidants from green asparagus roots. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Symes
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) École Polytechnique de Bruxelles 3BIO‐BioMatter Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 ‐ CP 165/61 Brussels 1050 Belgium
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14
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Phytotherapeutic Approaches to the Prevention of Age-Related Changes and the Extension of Active Longevity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072276. [PMID: 35408672 PMCID: PMC9000830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining quality of life with an increase in life expectancy is considered one of the global problems of our time. This review explores the possibility of using natural plant compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-glycation, and anti-neurodegenerative properties to slow down the onset of age-related changes. Age-related changes such as a decrease in mental abilities, the development of inflammatory processes, and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes have a significant impact on maintaining quality of life. Herbal preparations can play an essential role in preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases that accompany age-related changes, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Medicinal plants have known sedative, muscle relaxant, neuroprotective, nootropic, and antiparkinsonian properties. The secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenolic compounds, are valuable substances for the development of new anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agents. Understanding how mixtures of plants and their biologically active substances work together to achieve a specific biological effect can help develop targeted drugs to prevent diseases associated with aging and age-related changes. Understanding the mechanisms of the biological activity of plant complexes and mixtures determines the prospects for using metabolomic and biochemical methods to prolong active longevity.
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15
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Yang C, Ye Z, Mao L, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ding W, Han J, Mao K. Analysis of volatile organic compounds and metabolites of three cultivars of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) using E-nose, GC-IMS, and LC-MS/MS. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8866-8880. [PMID: 35341470 PMCID: PMC9161954 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is a perennial herb of the genus Asparagus that is rich in nutrients. This study aimed to distinguish three cultivars of asparagus (Paladin, Grace, and Jinggang red) based on their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolic profiles. VOCs in the three cultivars were separated and identified using electronic nose (E-nose) and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS). Differences in metabolites among the three cultivars were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). E-nose and GC-IMS showed that the VOCs in asparagus differed significantly among the three groups. E-nose result showed that purple asparagus (Jinggang red) was connected to a stronger earthy odor; green asparagus (Paladin and Grace) were shown characteristic dill flavor. Moreover, 50 VOCs were detected by using GC–IMS. Ketones and alcohols were most abundant in Paladin; methyl benzoate and dimethyl sulfide were most abundance in Grace; aldehydes and acids were most abundance in Jinggang red. Moreover, 130 and 71 different metabolites were detected in the positive and negative modes among three cultivars, such as quercetin and rutin. Functional analysis revealed that these metabolites were involved in beta-alanine metabolism and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In summary, E-nose combined with GC-IMS and LC-MS/MS methods has good application prospects in evaluating and identifying VOCs and metabolites of different cultivars of asparagus. The identified VOCs and metabolites can provide guidelines for the development of functional asparagus products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liping Mao
- Cultivation Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangning Zhang
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiying Ding
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiming Han
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Fruit and vegetable Processing Laboratory, Shanxi Institute for Functional Food, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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16
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Valorization of Asparagus leafy by-product by ionic-liquid extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Ribas LE, Baravalle ME, Gasser FB, Renna MS, Addona S, Ortega HH, Savino GH, Van de Velde F, Hein GJ. Extraction of phenolic compounds from the shells of pecan nuts with cytotoxic activity through apoptosis against the colon cancer cell line HT-29. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5409-5423. [PMID: 34730241 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The water extraction of phenolic compounds from two varieties ("Mahan" and "Marameck") of pecan nutshells (Carya illinoinensis) without and with sonication, varying the solvent/solid ratio (S), the pH, and the refluxing time (t), was studied. Additionally, the in vitro cytotoxicity and the determination of the cell death mechanism of the extracts against the colon cancer cell line HT-29 were investigated. The content of total phenolic compounds (TPC) of "Marameck" nutshells resulted higher than for the "Mahan" variety, and the pH increase resulted in higher TPC contents for both cultivars. The optimized conditions for TPC extraction without and with sonication resulted: S = 33 ml/g, pH = 12, and t = 9.6 min, and yielded ≈ 70 and 90 mg/g of TPC for "Mahan" and "Marameck" nutshells, respectively. The optimized extracts of pecan nutshells without sonication from both cultivars presented similar cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cells (IC50 ≈ 50 µg/ml), higher than for sonicated extracts (IC50 ≈ 88 and 138 µg/ml for "Mahan" and "Marameck," respectively). Cell death through apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell death induced by the nutshell extracts. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The extraction of phenolic compounds (TPC) from the residues of two varieties of pecan nutshells ("Mahan" and "Marameck") was studied. An optimal combination of variables within the pH range that minimizes the solvent-to-solid ratio (S) and the time of refluxing (t), saving at the same time, water and energy, was set up. The phenolic compound extracts obtained from the residues of the pecan nuts exhibit cytotoxic effects against colon cancer cells and could be of interest as an alternative treatment of different types of cancer. Additionally, these extracts may be of importance to the food industry as they can be used as antioxidant agents in food formulation. Also, the high levels of anthocyanidins obtained from the pecan nut extracts after proanthocyanidins' strong acid hydrolysis can be purified and employed as natural red dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Emanuel Ribas
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Baravalle
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fátima Belén Gasser
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Sol Renna
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina Addona
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo Héctor Ortega
- Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Graciela Hilda Savino
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Franco Van de Velde
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Juan Hein
- Centro Universitario Gálvez, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Gálvez, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Centro de Medicina Comparada, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Anticancer Activity of Aqueous Extracts from Asparagus officinalis L. Byproduct on Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216369. [PMID: 34770777 PMCID: PMC8588164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivation of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.; Asp) for food and medicinal use has taken place since the early Roman Empire. Today, Asp represents a worldwide diffuse perennial crop. Lower portions of the spears represent a food industry waste product that can be used to extract bioactive molecules. In this study, aqueous extracts derived from the non-edible portion of the plant (hard stem) were prepared and characterized for chemical content. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of Asp aqueous extracts were assessed in vitro on normal fibroblasts and on breast cancer cell lines. Results showed no interference with fibroblast viability, while a remarkable cytostatic concentration-dependent activity, with significant G1/S cell cycle arrest, was specifically observed in breast cancer cells without apoptosis induction. Asp extracts were also shown to significantly inhibit cell migration. Further analyses showed that Asp extracts were characterized by specific pro-oxidant activity against tumoral cells, and, importantly, that their combination with menadione resulted in a significant enhancement of oxidants production with respect to menadione alone in breast cancer cells but not in normal cells. This selectivity of action on tumoral cells, together with the easiness of their preparation, makes the aqueous Asp extracts very attractive for further investigation in breast cancer research, particularly to investigate their role as possible co-adjuvant agents of clinical drug therapies.
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19
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Pegiou E, Zhu Q, Pegios P, De Vos RCH, Mumm R, Hall RD. Metabolomics Reveals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Green and White Spears of Asparagus ( A. officinalis). Metabolites 2021; 11:708. [PMID: 34677423 PMCID: PMC8538002 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green and white asparagus are quite different crops but can be harvested from the same plant. They have distinct morphological differences due to their mode of cultivation and they are characterised by having contrasting appearance and flavour. Significant chemical differences are therefore expected. Spears from three varieties of both green and white forms, harvested in two consecutive seasons were analysed using headspace GC-MS and LC-MS with an untargeted metabolomic workflow. Mainly C5 and C8 alcohols and aldehydes, and phenolic compounds were more abundant in green spears, whereas benzenoids, monoterpenes, unsaturated aldehydes and steroidal saponins were more abundant in white ones. Previously reported key asparagus volatiles and non-volatiles were detected at similar or not significantly different levels in the two asparagus types. Spatial metabolomics revealed also that many volatiles with known positive aroma attributes were significantly more abundant in the upper parts of the spears and showed a decreasing trend towards the base. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolome of raw asparagus, the contrasts between green and white spears as well as the different chemical distributions along the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingrui Zhu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ric C. H. De Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.P.); (Q.Z.)
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.C.H.D.V.); (R.M.)
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20
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Çınar O, Duman O, Tunç S. Optimization and Validation of a New HPLC Method for the Determination of Asparagine Active Ingredient in Asparagus lycicus and Phytochemical Characterization of Endemic Asparagus lycicus Specie. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Valinger D, Jurina T, Šain A, Matešić N, Panić M, Benković M, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Jurinjak Tušek A. Development of ANN models based on combined UV-vis-NIR spectra for rapid quantification of physical and chemical properties of industrial hemp extracts. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:326-338. [PMID: 32794284 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop artificial neural network (ANNs) models for prediction of physical (total dissolved solids, extraction yield) and chemical (total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity) properties of industrial hemp extracts, prepared by two different extraction methods (solid-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction) based on combined UV-VIS-NIR spectra. Spectral data were gathered for 46 samples per extraction method. RESULTS The PCA analysis ensured efficient separation of the samples based on the amount of ethanol in extraction solvent using NIR spectra for both conventional and microwave-assisted extraction. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that reliable ANN models (R2 >0.7000) for describing physical, chemical, and simultaneously physical and chemical characteristics can be developed based on combined UV-VIS-NIR spectra of industrial hemp extracts without spectra pre-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Valinger
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Jurina
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Šain
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Matešić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manuela Panić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Benković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Jurinjak Tušek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Process Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Yu Q, Fan L. Improving the bioactive ingredients and functions of asparagus from efficient to emerging processing technologies: A review. Food Chem 2021; 358:129903. [PMID: 33933971 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, asparagus is a vegetable with abundant phytochemicals (polyphenols, saponins, asparagusic acid, and alkaloids) and crucial bioactivities (neuroprotective, antianxiety, antityrosinase, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiasthma effects). Numerous investigations indicated that processing technologies have a significant influence on the physicochemical, functional, and microstructural characteristics of asparagus. This review presents an updated overview of novel applications of processing technologies, including ultrasound treatments (in terms of extraction, purification, and preservation), heating treatments (hydrothermal treatments, thermal treatments, and combination heating treatments), high-pressure processing, representative shelf-life extension technologies, and green extraction technologies. These physical technologies enhance the yields of bioactive substances, bioactivities and product quality. In addition, utilizing the novel technologies (ohmic heating, cold plasma, pulsed electric fields, membrane processing) and conventional technologies with novel effects to fully develop the potential of asparagus should also be taken into consideration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Collaborat Innovat Ctr Food Safety & Qual Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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23
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Karaaslan Ayhan N, Rosenberg E. Development of comprehensive liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection for the characterization of (poly-)phenolic and flavonoid compounds and application to asparagus. Food Chem 2021; 354:129518. [PMID: 33756324 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present work was to develop a method for the simultaneous and comprehensive analysis of (poly-)phenolic and flavonoid compounds with liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection and its application to green asparagus samples. To this end, a representative set of polyphenols was used to develop the method. A through method validation was carried out with these. The method was applied to asparagus samples known as a healthy vegetable being rich in bioactive compounds. Polyphenol contents of asparagus samples were determined by carrying out quantitative and qualitative analyses by LC-DAD-ESI/MS. In this context asparagus sample extracts were obtained using solvents of different polarity. The results were evaluated statistically and showed that rutin is the major phenolic compound in asparagus. This demonstrates the versatility of this rapid and sensitive method for the simultaneous analysis of (poly-)phenolic and flavonoid compounds which was successfully applied to asparagus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Karaaslan Ayhan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Tunceli Vocational School, Munzur University, TR 62000 Tunceli, Turkey; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Azadbakht M, Asghari M, Nowroozpoor Dailami K, Davoodi A, Ahmadi A. The Preventive Effects of Asparagus officinalis Extract on Sodium Selenite-Induced Cataractogenesis in Experimental Animal Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3708730. [PMID: 33299449 PMCID: PMC7704146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3708730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal rats received a single dose of sodium selenite as an intraperitoneal injection (30 μmol/kg) on day 10 postnatal to induce cataract. Animals were then posttreated with various oral solutions of A. officinalis extract at 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg once daily on days 10-16 postnatal. Cataract was evaluated by slit-lamp, and lens opacification was analyzed in each group 24 hours after the last treatment at day seven postadministration of the extracts or vehicle. The total protein concentration of lenses, glutathione reductase activity as the glutathione antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde content as a marker of lipid peroxidation were further assessed in removed rat lenses on day 30 postnatal. RESULTS All lenses in the healthy and control plant groups were clear. Sodium selenite significantly increased cataract grade (2.8 ± 0.2) when compared to the healthy group (p = 0.001). However, cataract grades were decreased considerably as 1.9 ± 0.72 and 1.5 ± 0.85 in groups that received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg oral extract of A. officinalis, respectively. A. officinalis extract also restored all abnormalities of biochemical markers induced by sodium selenite. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that A. officinalis could be a promising candidate as a safe alternative treatment in cataracts upon further clinical trials. This effect is probably associated with the antioxidant activity of A. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momammad Azadbakht
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kiumars Nowroozpoor Dailami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bu-Ali Sina Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Davoodi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Hemoglobinopathy Research Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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25
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Valorization of peach palm by-product through subcritical water extraction of soluble sugars and phenolic compounds. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Use of asparagus flour from non-commercial plants (residue) for functional pasta production: Asparagus flour for functional pasta production. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2926-2933. [PMID: 32624598 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective this study was enrich a pasta with non-commercial asparagus flour (AF). Six treatments were prepared: control (without AF), with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of AF. Analyzes of antioxidants and bioactive compounds of AF and pasta, and the quality of pasta (color, optimal cooking time, water absorption capacity, cooking loss, texture and centesimal composition) were evaluated. The higher content of polyphenols and flavonoids were found in P25, as well as higher antioxidant activity. The addition of AF influenced the pasta color, decreasing the L* and a*, and increasing b* (p < 0.05). T he cooking time, water absorption, cohesiveness and springiness decreased with an increasing of AF (p < 0.05). The cooking loss, firmness, hardness and protein content increased with AF addition (p < 0.05). Thus, AF can be used to give an adequate destination to asparagus residue and has a potential application for the enrichment with protein and bioactive compounds of pasta.
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Arsenic speciation in cooked food and its bioaccessible fraction using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Food Chem 2020; 336:127587. [PMID: 32777657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing or the digestion process can alter the forms of arsenic (As) present in food. Identification of As species is necessary to accurately determine the risk associated with food consumption. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) was used to investigate As species in rice, asparagus, and garlic boiled in water containing As(V), and in their bioaccessible fractions (solubilized As after gastrointestinal digestion). The XANES analysis revealed the presence of As(III) (11871.5 eV) or As(III)-S [As(III)-Cys, 11869.6 eV] solution in the cooked foods and in their bioaccessible fractions. The percentage of trivalent species (12-55%) followed the order asparagus ≫ rice ≈ garlic. In the asparagus and garlic samples, part of the As(V) (tetrahedral form) [11875 eV] that had been added appeared in the form of an octahedral As(V) compound [As(V)-glycerol, 11876 eV]. All these changes could considerably modify the risk associated with ingestion of As-contaminated food.
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Phytochemical constituents, advanced extraction technologies and techno-functional properties of selected Mediterranean plants for use in meat products. A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bioactive dietary Fiber powder from asparagus leaf by-product: Effect of low-temperature ball milling on physico-chemical, functional and microstructural characteristics. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Pegiou E, Mumm R, Acharya P, de Vos RCH, Hall RD. Green and White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis): A Source of Developmental, Chemical and Urinary Intrigue. Metabolites 2019; 10:E17. [PMID: 31881716 PMCID: PMC7022954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is one of the world's top 20 vegetable crops. Both green and white shoots (spears) are produced; the latter being harvested before becoming exposed to light. The crop is grown in nearly all areas of the world, with the largest production regions being China, Western Europe, North America and Peru. Successful production demands high farmer input and specific environmental conditions and cultivation practices. Asparagus materials have also been used for centuries as herbal medicine. Despite this widespread cultivation and consumption, we still know relatively little about the biochemistry of this crop and how this relates to the nutritional, flavour, and neutra-pharmaceutical properties of the materials used. To date, no-one has directly compared the contrasting compositions of the green and white crops. In this short review, we have summarised most of the literature to illustrate the chemical richness of the crop and how this might relate to key quality parameters. Asparagus has excellent nutritional properties and its flavour/fragrance is attributed to a set of volatile components including pyrazines and sulphur-containing compounds. More detailed research, however, is needed and we propose that (untargeted) metabolomics should have a more prominent role to play in these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pegiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Roland Mumm
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
| | - Parag Acharya
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
| | - Robert D. Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (R.C.H.d.V.)
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Borges JG, Garcia VADS, Carvalho RAD. Extraction of active compounds from different parts of pomegranate and incorporation into a potential delivery model system using a printing technique. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chitrakar B, Zhang M, Adhikari B. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis): Processing effect on nutritional and phytochemical composition of spear and hard-stem byproducts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Montone CM, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Marchetti N, Cerrato A, Antonelli M, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Peptidomic Approach for the Identification of Peptides with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperthensive Effects Derived From Asparagus By-Products. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193627. [PMID: 31597364 PMCID: PMC6804140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus waste represents products of great interest since many compounds with high biological value are located in the lower portion of the spears. The extraction of bioactive compounds from asparagus by-products is therefore crucial for the purpose of adding value to these by-products. In this paper, bioactive peptides from asparagus waste were extracted, digested, purified and identified. In particular, Alcalase® was chosen as the enzyme to use to obtain protein hydrolysate due to its low cost and, consequently, the possibility of implementing the method on a large scale. In order to simplify the peptide extract to reach better identification, the hydrolysate was fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography in 10 fractions. Two tests were carried out for antioxidant activity (ABTS-DPPH) and one for antihypertensive activity (ACE). Fractions with a higher bioactivity score were identified by peptidomics technologies and screened for bioactivity with the use of bioinformatics. For ACE-inhibitor activity, two peptides were synthetized, PDWFLLL and ASQSIWLPGWL, which provided an EC50 value of 1.76 µmol L−1 and 4.02 µmol L−1, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, by DPPH assay, MLLFPM exhibited the lowest EC50 value at 4.14 µmol L−1, followed by FIARNFLLGW and FAPVPFDF with EC50 values of 6.76 µmol L−1 and 10.01 µmol L−1, respectively. A validation of the five identified peptides was also carried out. The obtained results showed that peptides obtained from asparagus by-products are of interest for their biological activity and are suitable for being used as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Maria Montone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cerrato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- CNR NANOTEC, Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction method for phytochemical compounds and in-vitro antioxidant activity of New Zealand and China Asparagus cultivars (officinalis L.) roots extracts. Food Chem 2019; 294:276-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Iwassa IJ, Santos Ribeiro MA, Meurer EC, Cardozo‐Filho L, Bolanho BC, Silva C. Effect of subcritical water processing on the extraction of compounds, composition, and functional properties of asparagus by‐product. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela J. Iwassa
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo C. Meurer
- Universidade Federal do Paraná – Campus Avançado Jandaia do Sul Jandaia do Sul Paraná Brazil
| | - Lúcio Cardozo‐Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Beatriz C. Bolanho
- Departamento de TecnologiaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Umuarama Paraná Brazil
| | - Camila Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
- Departamento de TecnologiaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá Umuarama Paraná Brazil
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DiNardo A, Subramanian J, Singh A. Intensification of phenolic extraction from yellow European plums by use of conventional, microwave-, and ultrasound-assisted extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1567547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea DiNardo
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang H, Birch J, Pei J, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Yang H, Dias G, Abd El-Aty AM, Bekhit AED. Identification of Six Phytochemical Compounds from Asparagus officinalis L. Root Cultivars from New Zealand and China Using UAE-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS: Effects of Extracts on H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010107. [PMID: 30621005 PMCID: PMC6356627 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantification of six major bioactive compounds, namely, caffeic acid, quercetin, apigenin, ferulic acid, baicalein, and kaempferol, from Asparagus officinalis roots (ARs) native to New Zealand (green and purple cultivars) and China (yellow, green, purple, and white cultivars) using ultrasound-assisted, solid-phase extraction (UASE-SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy (expressed as recovery %), and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (%RSD)). The retention times, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) data, and mass spectral patterns of the detected peaks matched those of commercial standards, allowing characterization of the target compounds. The LODs and LOQs were 23 ng/mL and 70 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL, 18 ng/mL and 54 ng/mL, 14.4 ng/mL and 43.6 ng/mL, and 7.5 ng/mL and 22.5 ng/mL for caffeic acid, quercetin, apigenin, ferulic acid, baicalein, and kaempferol, respectively, and the mean recovery rates were 85.8%, 73.0%, 90.2%, 80.6%, 76.7%, and 74.5% for the six compounds, respectively. The levels of the target compounds were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the six cultivars. The Chinese yellow AR had the highest levels of bioactive compounds: 6.0, 3.9, 0.4, 1.0, 0.86, and 0.8 mg/g for caffeic acid, quercetin, apigenin, ferulic acid, baicalein, and kaempferol, respectively. The AR extracts showed protective effects against oxidative stress in the HepG2 and L929 cell lines. The results indicate that AR extracts contain high flavonoid levels that provide protective functions against oxidative stress and support the potential commercial application of AR extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China.
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - John Birch
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China.
| | - Isam A Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Food and Pharmacy Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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DiNardo A, Brar HS, Subramanian J, Singh A. Optimization of microwave‐assisted extraction parameters and characterization of phenolic compounds in Yellow European Plums. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea DiNardo
- School of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelphON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | | | | | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelphON, CanadaN1G 2W1
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Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from New Zealand and Chinese Asparagus officinalis L. roots. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:799-810. [PMID: 30906038 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total saponins content (TSC), and caffeic acid (AC) contents of asparagus roots extract (ARE) from New Zealand and Chinese AR cultivars was optimized following a microwave-assisted extraction combined with central composite design. The determination of AC was conducted by HPLC in samples extracted under the optimum extraction conditions. The optimal variables for ethanol extraction generated a maximum TPC, TFC and TSC of optimal results for 68.6 mg GAE/g, 11.9 mg RE/g and 0.7 mg SE/g as well as antioxidant power towards β-carotene bleaching assay (%βsc) (57.2%), superoxide anion radical (%Osc 2-) scavenging capacity (20.1%) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) (1.63 µmol/g). For methanol, optimum extraction conditions obtained maximum TPC (62.6 mg GAE/g) TFC (10.7 mg RE/g), TSC (0.68 mg SE/g) with %βsc (53.9%), %Osc 2- (19.1%) and FRAP (0.63 µmol/g). The content of caffeic acid from ARE ranged from 0.46 to 2.89 mg/g with ethanol and from 0.41 to 2.64 mg/g with methanol.
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Çam M, Yüksel E, Alaşalvar H, Başyiğit B, Şen H, Yılmaztekin M, Ahhmed A, Sağdıç O. Simultaneous extraction of phenolics and essential oil from peppermint by pressurized hot water extraction. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 56:200-207. [PMID: 30728561 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenolics and essential oil of peppermint were obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). The best extraction conditions were found to be 130 °C for temperature, 10 min for extraction time, and 3 cycles for extraction number. There were no statistically significant differences between 130 and 160 °C in terms of essential oil content. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extracts were higher at 160 °C than that of 130 °C. However, further HPLC analysis of the extracts revealed that hydrolysis and/or decomposition of phenolics were observed in the extracts obtained at 160 °C. The main phenolic of peppermint was determined as eriocitrin by HPLC-DAD, while menthol was the dominant component in essential oil fraction of peppermint by GC-FID. The present study demonstrated that PHWE was a suitable technique for simultaneous extraction of phenolics and essential oil from peppermint. The technique might be used as an analytical extraction tool for determination of phenolics and essential oil. Moreover, the extracts of PHWE could directly be evaluated for the enrichment of liquid food formulations or be transformed into solid form by suitable techniques such as spray drying for easy storage and subsequent enrichment of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çam
- 1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esma Yüksel
- 2Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamza Alaşalvar
- 3Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Bülent Başyiğit
- 4Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Harran University, 63300 Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Hülya Şen
- 5Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, 70100 Karaman, Turkey
| | - Murat Yılmaztekin
- 6Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İnönü University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abdulatef Ahhmed
- 7Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Sağdıç
- 7Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210 İstanbul, Turkey
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41
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Zhang H, Birch J, Pei J, Ma ZF, Bekhit AE. Phytochemical compounds and biological activity in Asparagus roots: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - John Birch
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Jinjin Pei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources Shanxi University of Technology Hanzhong 723001 China
| | - Zheng Feei Ma
- Department of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool University Suzhou 215213 China
| | - Alaa El‐Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin New Zealand
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Zhang H, Birch J, Yang H, Xie C, Kong L, Dias G, Bekhit AED. Effect of solvents on polyphenol recovery and antioxidant activity of isolates ofAsparagus Officinalisroots from Chinese and New Zealand cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Food Science; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - John Birch
- Department of Food Science; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Haiyan Yang
- College of Food and Pharmacy Sciences; Xinjiang Agricultural University; Ulumuqi 830052 China
| | - Chaonan Xie
- College of Food and Pharmacy Sciences; Xinjiang Agricultural University; Ulumuqi 830052 China
| | - Lingming Kong
- College of Food and Pharmacy Sciences; Xinjiang Agricultural University; Ulumuqi 830052 China
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din Bekhit
- Department of Food Science; University of Otago; PO Box 56 Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
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Xu CC, Wang B, Pu YQ, Tao JS, Zhang T. Advances in extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds from plant materials. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 15:721-731. [PMID: 29103457 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, have received more and more attention in recent years because of their distinct bioactivities. This review summarizes different types of phenolic compounds and their extraction and analytical methods used in the recent reports, involving 59 phenolic compounds from 52 kinds of plants. The extraction methods include solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and other methods. The analysis methods include spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and near-infrared spectroscopy. After illustrating the specific conditions of the analytical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized, pointing out their respective suitability. This review provides valuable reference for identification and/or quantification of phenolic compounds from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Xu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Pu
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Antioxidant Activities and Caffeic Acid Content in New Zealand Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis) Roots Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040052. [PMID: 29617287 PMCID: PMC5946118 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus officinalis are perennial plants that require re-planting every 10–20 years. The roots are traditionally mulched in the soil or treated as waste. The A. officinalis roots (AR) contain valuable bioactive compounds that may have some health benefiting properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) and antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays) activities of New Zealand AR extract. The antioxidant activity decreased with a longer extraction time.
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Ku YG, Kang DH, Lee CK, Lee SY, Ryu CS, Kim DE, Polovka M, Namieśnik J, Gorinstein S. Influence of different cultivation systems on bioactivity of asparagus. Food Chem 2018; 244:349-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zuin VG, Ramin LZ. Green and Sustainable Separation of Natural Products from Agro-Industrial Waste: Challenges, Potentialities, and Perspectives on Emerging Approaches. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:3. [PMID: 29344754 PMCID: PMC5772139 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New generations of biorefinery combine innovative biomass waste resources from different origins, chemical extraction and/or synthesis of biomaterials, biofuels, and bioenergy via green and sustainable processes. From the very beginning, identifying and evaluating all potentially high value-added chemicals that could be removed from available renewable feedstocks requires robust, efficient, selective, reproducible, and benign analytical approaches. With this in mind, green and sustainable separation of natural products from agro-industrial waste is clearly attractive considering both socio-environmental and economic aspects. In this paper, the concepts of green and sustainable separation of natural products will be discussed, highlighting the main studies conducted on this topic over the last 10 years. The principal analytical techniques (such as solvent, microwave, ultrasound, and supercritical treatments), by-products (e.g., citrus, coffee, corn, and sugarcane waste) and target compounds (polyphenols, proteins, essential oils, etc.) will be presented, including the emerging green and sustainable separation approaches towards bioeconomy and circular economy contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia G Zuin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil.
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Luize Z Ramin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
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Serairi-Beji R, Aidi Wannes W, Hamdi A, Tej R, Ksouri R, Saidani-Tounsi M, Lachaal M, Karray-Bouraoui N. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Asparagus albus
leaves in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury rats. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Serairi-Beji
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif; Tunisie
| | - Wissem Aidi Wannes
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif; Tunisie
| | - Amel Hamdi
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Tolérance au Stress Chez les Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, El Manar II; Tunis Tunisie
| | - Rabeb Tej
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Tolérance au Stress Chez les Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, El Manar II; Tunis Tunisie
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif; Tunisie
| | - Moufida Saidani-Tounsi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Medicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria, B.P. 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif; Tunisie
| | - Mokhtar Lachaal
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Tolérance au Stress Chez les Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, El Manar II; Tunis Tunisie
| | - Najoua Karray-Bouraoui
- Unité de Physiologie et de Biochimie de la Tolérance au Stress Chez les Plantes, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, El Manar II; Tunis Tunisie
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