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Ahmad G, Khan SU, Mir SA, Iqbal MJ, Pottoo FH, Dhiman N, Malik F, Ali A. Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. (ex D. Don): A Review on its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Nutritional Potential. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2372-2386. [PMID: 36330658 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220428105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Myrica esculenta is an important ethnomedicinal plant used in the traditional system of medicine and as an important nutraceutical. Several studies on the plant justify its use in alternative systems of medicine and establish a scientific rationale for its possible therapeutic application. The plant contains a range of biologically active classes of compounds, particularly diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, and glycosides. The nutraceutical potential of the plant can be particularly attributed to its fruit, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber content, and minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, in it. The current review aims to provide complete insight into the phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, and nutritional potential of the plant, which would not only serve as a comprehensive source of information but also will highlight the scope of isolation and evaluation of these molecules for various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazanfar Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, UP 201301 India
| | - Sameer Ullah Khan
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, J&K 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Ahmad Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, J&K 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Javid Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue-140TF, Boston, Massachusetts MA, 02115, USA
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, UP 201301 India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-IIIM, Sanatnagar, Srinagar, J&K 190005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Laboratory, CSIR-IIIM, Jammu, J&K 180001, India
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Methanolic fruit extract of Myrica nagi protects the hypothalamus and attenuates inflammation associated with gold thioglucose- and high-fat diet-induced obesity via various adipokines. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100582. [PMID: 35842377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrica nagi is popular in unani and ayurveda. Chemical constituents like myricetin isolated from its fruit has been shown to exert beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory conditions, and metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to elucidate the anti-obesity effect of the methanolic extract of M. nagi (MEMN) using in vivo animal models of obesity induced by gold thioglucose or a high-fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS The obese mice were treated or untreated with MEMN for 8 weeks. Thereafter, feed intake, Lee index, and body mass index (BMI); biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, liver enzymes and specific biomarkers of obesity, including insulin, leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acids (FFA), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and resistin, were recorded. The weight and histopathology of organs and fat tissue were examined to validate the effectiveness of the extract. RESULTS MEMN administration at various doses significantly reduced the induced weight gain, feed intake, BMI, and Lee index. Adipose tissue decreased as the MEMN dose increased. MEMN attenuated liver enzyme activity, decreased lipid, leptin, MCP-1, resistin, and FFA levels, and increased adiponectin levels. It also increased protection of liver cells and decreased accumulation of mesenteric fat. CONCLUSIONS MEMN supplementation decreased weight and improved obesity serum/plasma lipid biomarker, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, MCP-1, and resistin levels. The weight-reducing activity of MEMN may be mediated by decreased gastrointestinal fat absorption and modulation of inflammation associated signaling pathways, leading to reduced adipose inflammation associated with energy expenditure.
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Ahmad G, Hassan R, Dhiman N, Ali A. Assessment of Anti-inflammatory Activity of 3-Acetylmyricadiol in LPS Stimulated Raw 264.7 Macrophages. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:204-210. [PMID: 33745430 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210319122650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentacyclic triterpenoids are a biologically active class of phytoconstituents with diverse pharmacological activity including anti-inflammatory action. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we isolated 3-Acetylmyricadiol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from the ethyl acetate bark-extract of Myrica esculenta and evaluated it for anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS The ethyl acetate bark-extract of the M. esculenta was subjected to column chromatography to isolate 3-Acetylmyricadiol. MTT assay was performed to check cell viability. The production of proinflammatory mediators like Nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α was observed after administration of 5, 10, 20 μM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol in LPS-activated Raw 246.7 macrophages by the reported methods. RESULTS MTT assay indicated more than 90% cell viability up to 20 μM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol. The administration of 3-Acetylmyricadiol inhibited the production of Nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner significantly in comparison to LPS treated cells. The maximum effect was observed at 20 μM of 3-Acetylmyricadiol which resulted in 52.37, 63.10, 55.37 % inhibition of Nitric oxide, IL-6, TNF-α respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of 3-Acetylmyricadiol and can serve as a potential candidate in the development of the clinically efficient anti-inflammatory molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazanfar Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201301. India
| | - Reyaz Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir-190006. India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201301. India
| | - Asif Ali
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India,CSIR-Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), 14-Satsang Vihar, Vigyan Suchna Bhawan, New Delhi-110067, India
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Usha T, Middha SK, Kukanur AA, Shravani RV, Anupama MN, Harshitha N, Rahamath A, Kukanuri SA, Goyal AK. Drug Repurposing Approaches: Existing Leads For Novel Threats And Drug Targets. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 22:CPPS-EPUB-110124. [PMID: 32957901 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200921152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug Repurposing (DR) is an alternative to the traditional drug discovery process. It is cost and time effective, with high returns and low risk process that can tackle the increasing need for interventions for varied diseases and new outbreaks. Repurposing of old drugs for other diseases has gained a wider attention, as there have been several old drugs approved by FDA for new diseases. In the global emergency of COVID19 pandemic, this is one of the strategies implemented in repurposing of old anti-infective, anti-rheumatic and anti-thrombotic drugs. The goal of the current review is to elaborate the process of DR, its advantages, repurposed drugs for a plethora of disorders, and the evolution of related academic publications. Further, detailed are the computational approaches: literature mining and semantic inference, network-based drug repositioning, signature matching, retrospective clinical analysis, molecular docking and experimental phenotypic screening. We discuss the legal and economical potential barriers in DR, existent collaborative models and recommendations for overcoming these hurdles and leveraging the complete potential of DR in finding new indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, Karnataka. India
| | - Sushil K Middha
- DBT-BIF Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women(mLAC), Bengaluru, Karnataka. India
| | | | | | | | | | - Ameena Rahamath
- Department of Biochemistry, mLAC, Bengaluru, Karnataka. India
| | | | - Arvind K Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar783370, BTAD, Assam. India
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Zhai J, Ren Z, Wang Y, Han M, Han N, Liu Z, Li S, Yin J. Traditional Chinese patent medicine Zhixiong Capsule (ZXC) alleviated formed atherosclerotic plaque in rat thoracic artery and the mechanism investigation including blood-dissolved-component-based network pharmacology analysis and biochemical validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112523. [PMID: 31884033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese patent medicine Zhixiong Capsule (ZXC) is the equal mixture of the extract of leech, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Leonurus japonicus Houtt., and Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi, which have been long used against inflammation, hyperlipidemia or blood stasis. In our previous study, ZXC showed good efficacy in preventing atherosclerosis (AS) plaque formation in rabbits. AIM OF THE STUDY In actual clinic practice, patients are more likely to receive treatments after AS plaque formation. Therefore, the efficacy of ZXC on formed AS plaques and the underlying mechanisms were further investigated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simvastatin (positive control) and ZXC (420 mg/kg and 840 mg/kg) were administrated to rats which first received long-term high fat diet administration (12 weeks). The blood lipid profiles of rats were monitored during the whole experiment, and the thoracic arteries were collected at the end of experiment for AS assessment (18th week). The blood-dissolved ZXC components were determined using an UPLC-QTOF-MS method, and the attained components were then used for network pharmacology analysis to predict the key ZXC components and targets. At last, the predicted targets were validated by ELISA and western blot methods. RESULTS ZXC administration showed good blood lipid-lowering effect by significantly reduced LDL-C and TC levels in rats while significantly increased HDL-C level. Compared with model group, simvastatin, low- and high-dose of ZXC administration decreased the ratio of intimal area and medial area by 81.1%, 71.1% and 71.4%, respectively (p < 0.01), and significantly alleviated collagen deposition and mineralization in rat arteries. It was found by network pharmacology analysis that leech and four components (namely daidzein, 4-methylenemiltirone, isorhamnetin and 2-isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione) are vital components for the anti-AS efficacy of ZXC. Combing the results from biochemical validation, IL-4, IL-13, MAPK1, MAPK14, JUN and P53 were confirmed as key targets of ZXC. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that ZXC has value as an anti-AS agent in clinical treatment against formed AS plaque at the current application dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhaohui Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Mingshu Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Na Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Zhihui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Sikai Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Material, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Middha S, Prashanth Kumar HP, Panda P, Karunakar P, Shiksha K, Singh L, Ramesh N, Usha T. Potential Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme inhibitors from Myrica nagi-from in-silico to in-vitro investigation. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_56_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Thu ZM, Aye MM, Aung HT, Sein MM, Vidari G. A Review of Common Medicinal Plants in Chin State, Myanmar. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Promising sources of novel bioactive compounds include plants growing in several third-world countries where the local flora is still largely uninvestigated. A paradigmatic example is represented by medicinal plants growing in Myanmar, especially in Chin State, in northwestern Myanmar. This is one of the least developed areas of the country where the people still use natural remedies derived from a rich biodiversity. This review mainly covers the investigations done on phytochemical constituents and biological activities of 20 medicinal plants, namely Alangium chinense, Anemone obtusiloba, Anneslea fragrans, Antidesma bunius, Croton oblongifolius, Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, Ficus heterophylla, Gaultheria fragrantissima, Hydnocarpus kurzii, Leea macrophylla, Leucas cephalotes, Millingtonia hortensis, Myrica nagi, Olax scandens, Pimpinella heyneana, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Ruellia tuberosa, Smilax zeylanica, Stemona burkillii, and Tadehagi triquetrum, that have long been used in the Chin State for curing various diseases. These plants have been selected on the basis of their medicinal uses not only in Myanmar but also in the related Ayurvedic healing system. Moreover, besides their medicinal importance, most of them grow in the Chin State more abundantly than in other regions of Myanmar. Although the efficacy of some of these plants have been verified scientifically, the chemical constituents and biological activities of most of them still need to be investigated to confirm the claimed therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaw Min Thu
- Department of Chemistry, Kalay University, Kalay, Myanmar
| | - Mya Mu Aye
- Department of Chemistry, Mandalay University, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | | | | | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Chemistry and CEMEC, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Kamala A, Middha SK, Karigar CS. Plants in traditional medicine with special reference to Cyperus rotundus L.: a review. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:309. [PMID: 30002998 PMCID: PMC6037646 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutgrass, Cyperus rotundus L. (Family: Cyperaceae), is a colonial, perennial herb considered to have originated in India 2000 years ago and widely used in Ayurveda to treat several ailments. In addition to its prehistoric uses, it is used in several systems of medicine for treating variety of diseases. The synergistic actions of the Cyperus' compounds have added advantage over that of a single constituent. In the past decade, numerous studies proved analgesic, anti-allergic, anti-arthritic, anti-candida, anti-cariogenic, anti-convulsant, anti-diarrheal, anti-emetic, anti-helminthic, anti-histamine, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-platelet, anti-pyretic, anti-ulcer, anti-viral, cardioprotective, cytoprotective, cytotoxic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, ovicidal, and larvicidal, wound healing and inhibition of brain Na+ K+ ATPase activities of C. rotundus and its chemical constituents. However, the exact the mechanism of action is not very clear and requires further evaluation. These properties strongly suggest an extensive use of C. rotundus for clinical applications. In this review, we attempted to provide information about the pharmacological effects of Cyperus and its proposed mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunagiri Kamala
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- DBT-BIF Facility, Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Science Post, Malleswaram, Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | - Chandrakant S. Karigar
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka India
- Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka India
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An update on research on Frankia and actinorhizal plants on the occasion of the 18th meeting of the Frankia-actinorhizal plants symbiosis. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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