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Alishah Aratboni H, Rafiei N, Uscanga-Palomeque AC, Luna Cruz IE, Parra-Saldivar R, Morones-Ramirez JR. Design of a nanobiosystem with remote photothermal gene silencing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to increase lipid accumulation and production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:61. [PMID: 37004064 PMCID: PMC10064687 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research development in the precise control of gene expression in plant cells is an emerging necessity that would lead to the elucidation of gene function in these biological systems. Conventional gene-interfering techniques, such as micro-RNA and short interfering RNA, have limitations in their ability to downregulate gene expression in plants within short time periods. However, nanotechnology provides a promising new avenue with new tools to overcome these challenges. Here, we show that functionalized gold nanoparticles, decorated with sense and antisense oligonucleotides (FANSAO), can serve as a remote-control optical switch for gene interference in photosynthetic plant cells. We demonstrate the potential of employing LEDs as optimal light sources to photothermally dehybridize the oligonucleotides on the surface of metallic nanostructures, consequently inducing regulation of gene expression in plant cells. We show the efficiency of metallic nanoparticles in absorbing light from an LED source and converting it to thermal energy, resulting in a local temperature increase on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. The antisense oligonucleotides are then released due to the opto-thermal heating of the nanobiosystem composed of the metallic nanoparticles and the sense-antisense oligonucleotides. By applying this approach, we silenced the Carnitine Acyl Carnitine Translocase genes at 90.7%, resulting in the accumulation of lipid bodies in microalgae cells. These results exhibit the feasibility of using functionalized gold nanoparticles with sense and antisense oligonucleotides to enhance nucleic acid delivery efficiency and, most importantly, allow for temporal control of gene silencing in plant cells. These nanobiosystems have broad applications in the development and biosynthesis of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and specialized chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Alishah Aratboni
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N. CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, México
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Km. 10 Autopista Al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, 66629, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - Nahid Rafiei
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N. CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, México
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Km. 10 Autopista Al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, 66629, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Km. 12 Shiraz-Isfahan Highway, Bajgah Area, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | - Ashanti Concepción Uscanga-Palomeque
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N. CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, México
| | - Itza Eloisa Luna Cruz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N. CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, México
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, CP 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jose Ruben Morones-Ramirez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N. CD. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66455, Nuevo León, México.
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Y Nanotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Km. 10 Autopista Al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, 66629, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México.
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Nematicidal lipopeptides from Bacillus paralicheniformis and Bacillus subtilis: A comparative study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1537-1549. [PMID: 36719435 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a comparative study between Bacillus paralicheniformis TB197 and B. subtilis ATCC 21332 strains in terms of growth, cyclic lipopeptide production, nematicidal activity, and active lipopeptide characteristics. Crude lipopeptide extracts (CLEs) from their fermentation broths were obtained, and their nematicidal activity (NA) was estimated as the mean lethal dose (LD50), employing Caenorhabditis elegans. Using a bioguided approach, CLE components were fractionated by semipreparative thin layer chromatography, and active lipopeptides were characterized by mass spectrometry. Both strains produced similar concentrations of CLEs (p ≥ 0.05) (0.99 ± 0.11 and 1.14 ± 0.15 mg/mL by TB197 and ATCC 21332, respectively). The estimated LD50 values of CLEs from the TB197 and ATCC 21332 strains were 3.88 and 8.15 mg/mL, respectively, showing that the NA of the TB197 strain CLE was 2.1-fold higher (p ≤ 0.05). Mass spectrometry revealed that strain TB197 synthesizes several families of lipopeptides, namely, fengycin A (C14-C17), fengycin B (C16-C17), surfactin (C15-C17), and lichenysin (C12, C13, C14, and C16), from which fengycins and lichenysins possess the highest NA (100 and 60% mortality in C. elegans larvae, respectively), while the ATCC 21332 strain produces mainly surfactin (C13-C17) (NA 63% mortality). The main differences found in this study were that the TB197 strain has a higher tolerance to inhibition by the product, and the lipopeptides they synthesize have a higher nematicidal activity due to the diversity of families compared to ATCC 21332. Likewise, it was shown that more polar lipopeptides (fengycins) are more effective at causing mortality in C. elegans larvae. KEY POINTS: • The nematicidal activity of lipopeptides from TB197 is higher than from ATCC 21332 • TB197 produces surfactin, lichenysin, and fengycin, while ATCC 21332 mainly produces surfactin • The most polar lipopeptides (fengycins) cause more mortality in C. elegans L2.
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Soto-Sánchez O, Hidalgo P, González A, Oliveira PE, Hernández Arias AJ, Dantagnan P. Microalgae as Raw Materials for Aquafeeds: Growth Kinetics and Improvement Strategies of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Production. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:5110281. [PMID: 36860971 PMCID: PMC9973195 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5110281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ancient cultures used microalgae as food for centuries. Currently, scientific reports highlight the value of nutritional composition of microalgae and their ability to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids at certain operational conditions. These characteristics are gaining increasing interest for the aquaculture industry which is searching for cost-effective replacements for fish meal and oil because these commodities are one of the most significant operational expenses and their dependency has become a bottleneck for their sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. This review is aimed at highlighting the use of microalgae as polyunsaturated fatty acid source in aquaculture feed formulations, despite their scarce production at industrial scale. Moreover, this document includes several approaches to improve microalgae production and to increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids with emphasis in the accumulation of DHA, EPA, and ARA. Furthermore, the document compiles several studies which prove microalgae-based aquafeeds for marine and freshwater species. Finally, the study explores the aspects that intervene in production kinetics and improvement strategies with possibilities for upscaling and facing main challenges of using microalgae in the commercial production of aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Soto-Sánchez
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aixa González
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricia E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados, Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián J. Hernández Arias
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Kong W, Huang S, Shen B, Ekaterina P, Khatoon Z, Yun H. Experimental study on effects of prometryn exposure scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and N and P concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:12138-12151. [PMID: 36109479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single exposure toxicity tests of herbicides like prometryn are commonly applied in studying ecological and environmental issues, but they are more likely exposed to microalgae through multiple applications of irrigation and water flow. The toxicity of prometryn towards Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) at different growth stages (different exposure period) was determined by single and multiple exposures (different exposure mode) through 39-day batch-experiment comparison study. Inhibition rates showed that M. aeruginosa growth was greatly inhibited by exposure to prometryn in a final concentration of 80 and 160 μg·L-1 (p < 0.05). Specifically, with the same prometryn exposure periods (lag or exponential phase) and concentrations, a single exposure displayed larger toxicity on M. aeruginosa than repetitive additions of prometryn in general according to inhibition rates. Moreover, with the same prometryn exposure modes and concentrations, inhibitory effect was higher with prometryn exposure in lag phase than that in exponential phase according to M. aeruginosa densities and inhibition rates. In general, variations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) with time responded negatively to M. aeruginosa growth, and added prometryn inhibits the utilization rate of both P and N. Logistic function was well used to describe algae densities (R2 = 0.979 ~ 0.995), growth rates (R2 = 0.515 ~ 0.731), specific growth rates (R2 = 0.301 ~ 0.648) and inhibition rates (R2 = 0.357 ~ 0.946) along with its combination with Monod function. In addition, results showed that shifts of limiting nutrients could be prompted by not only M. aeruginosa growth but also prometryn exposure scenarios. This study provides a basis for studying the potential harm of prometryn to the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Boxiong Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, People's Republic of China
| | - Priakhina Ekaterina
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zobia Khatoon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Huigwang Yun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
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Optimization of the nutritional constituents for ergosterol peroxide production by Paecilomyces cicadae based on the uniform design and mathematical model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5853. [PMID: 35393454 PMCID: PMC8991264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
we optimized medium components for the production of ergosterol peroxide (EP) by Paecilomyces cicadae based on a mono-factor experiment, a uniform design, and a non-linear regression analysis. The maximum EP yield achieved was 256 μg/L, which was increased by 5 folds compared with that before the optimization. Structured Monod model, Andrews model, Contois model, and Aibe model were developed to describe the effects of viscosity inhibition, substrate, and production on biomass growth. The results showed that the Monod model could predict biomass growth, and the effects of viscosity and substrate on the EP concentration were significantly higher compared with the effect of production. The addition of water and glycerol could decrease the viscosity inhibition and glycerol inhibition, and further increase the EP yield. The newly developed structured model was demonstrated for batch growth of P.cicadae.
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Effects of Prometryn Exposure Scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa Growth and Water Qualities in Incubator Experiments. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple herbicide exposures are more prospective to occur in water, many previous studies were carried out as single herbicide exposure. To investigate the toxic effect of prometryn on cyanobacteria and water qualities, single and double prometryn exposures (at different growth phases) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients were compared after a 44-day experiment. Results indicated that under single exposure, maximum inhibition rates were 4.7–12.0% higher than those under double exposures. Correspondingly, the maximum Microcystis aeruginosa densities and growth rates under single exposure were 10.3–21.1% and 19.5–37.7% lower than those under double exposures (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings revealed that repeated prometryn exposures resulted in a reduction in biological effects, because the time of application and the concentration injected during the first application were both significant factors in the biological effects of prometryn. Prometryn exposure scenarios did not have a significant effect on nutrient or nutrient consumption concentrations (p > 0.05). In general, the pattern of nutrient limitation showed a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation. The quantified relationships between Microcystis aeruginosa growth rates and consumed nutrients were studied. Based on the above findings, we believe that a high-dose and single prometryn exposure is a more effective exposure pattern for limiting cyanobacteria growth.
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Ekpenyong M, Asitok A, Antai S, Ekpo B, Antigha R, Ogarekpe N, Antai A, Ogbuagu U, Ayara N. Kinetic modeling and quasi-economic analysis of fermentative glycolipopeptide biosurfactant production in a medium co-optimized by statistical and neural network approaches. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 51:450-466. [PMID: 33881957 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1830414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the kinetics of production of a glycolipopeptide biosurfactant in a medium previously co-optimized by response surface and neural network methods to gain some insight into its volumetric and specific productivities for possible scale-up towards industrial production. Significant kinetic parameters including maximum specific growth rate, µmax, specific substrate consumption rate, qs and specific biosurfactant yield, Yp/x were determined from logistic model parameters after comparison with other kinetic models. Results showed that bio-catalytic rates of lipase and urease reached exponential values within the first 12 h of fermentation leading to high specific rates of substrate consumption and bacterial growth. Volumetric biosurfactant production reached significantly high levels during prolonged stationary growth and specific urease activity. This suggests that glycolipopeptide biosynthesis may proceed through stationary phase transpeptidation of the glycolipid base. A high cross-correlation coefficient of 0.950 confirmed that substrate consumption and glycolipopeptide production occurred contemporaneously during the 66-h fermentation. The maximum biosurfactant concentration of 132.52 g/L, µmax of 0.292 h-1, qp of 1.674 g/gDCW/h, rp of 2.008 g/(Lh) and Yp/x of 4.413 g/g predicted by the selected logistic model and a unit cost of €0.57/g glycolipopeptide in the optimized medium may lead to technical and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Ekpenyong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Atim Asitok
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Antai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Bassey Ekpo
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Environmental Geochemistry Unit, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.,Exploration, Research and Services Section, Research and Development (R&D) Division, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Richard Antigha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nkpa Ogarekpe
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Agnes Antai
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Uchechi Ogbuagu
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ndem Ayara
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Yang Z, Huang S, Kong W, Chen L, Ekaterina P, Khatoon Z, Ashraf MN, Akram W. Effects of fish feed addition scenarios with prometryn on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and water qualities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111810. [PMID: 33360217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The number of undesirable environmental impacts of fish feed has been reported widely. Although repeated fish feed exposures are more prospective to occur in water, previous studies were mostly conducted as a single exposure of fish feed. In order to fill these gaps, a 40 days incubator experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fish feed addition scenarios during the lag phase with prometryn on both Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients. The maximum algae densities in groups of single exposure were 6.0-26.2% and 8.8-74.4% higher than those in groups of double and triple exposures, respectively (P < 0.05). At the beginning of the experiment, concentrations of nutrients in groups with different feed exposure scenarios were significantly different. The pattern of nutrient limitation showed a transformation from phosphorus limitation to nitrogen limitation generally. Furthermore, the average inhibition rates of algae by prometryn in the case of a single fish feed exposure were 4.6-9.4% lower than those under double exposures, and 22.0-26.8% lower than those under triple exposures (P < 0.05). In addition, algae growth rates have been developed as a function of concentrations of consumed nutrients (R2 = 0.410-0.932). Based on the above results, we concluded that in terms of limiting algae growth multiple low-dosage additions of fish feed were considered as a better addition pattern. By optimizing feed addition scenarios, there is considerable potential to increase the environmental sustainability of aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Priakhina Ekaterina
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zobia Khatoon
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Muhammad Nabil Ashraf
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Waseem Akram
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Bio-capture and influence of CO2 on the growth rate and biomass composition of the microalgae Botryococcus braunii and Scenedesmus sp. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Elleuch J, Hadj Kacem F, Ben Amor F, Hadrich B, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Extracellular neutral protease from Arthrospira platensis: Production, optimization and partial characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1491-1498. [PMID: 33202265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are industrially important catalysts. They belong to a complex family of enzymes that perform highly focused proteolysis functions. Given their potential use, there has been renewed interest in the discovery of proteases with novel properties and a constant thrust to optimize the enzyme production. In the present study, a novel extracellular neutral protease produced from Arthrospira platensis was detected and characterized. Its proteolytic activity was strongly activated by β-mercaptoethanol, 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and highly inhibited by Hg2+ and Zn2+ metal ions which support the fact that the studied protease belongs to the cysteine protease family. Using statistical modelling methodology, the logistic model has been selected to predict A. platensis growth-kinetic values. The optimal culture conditions for neutral protease production were found using Box-Behnken Design. The maximum experimental protease activities (159.79 U/mL) was achieved after 13 days of culture in an optimized Zarrouk medium containing 0.625 g/L NaCl, 0.625 g/L K2HPO4 and set on 9.5 initial pH. The extracellular protease of A. platensis can easily be used in the food industry for its important activity at neutral pH and its low production cost since it is a valuation of the residual culture medium after biomass recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Farah Hadj Kacem
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoroire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Wannawilai S, Jeennor S, Khongto B, Laoteng K. Exploring differential traits of lipid-producing stages of the wild type and morphologically engineered strain of Aspergillus oryzae by comparative kinetic modeling. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:183. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lin W, Su F, Lin M, Jin M, Li Y, Ding K, Chen Q, Qian Q, Sun X. Effect of microplastics PAN polymer and/or Cu 2+ pollution on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114985. [PMID: 32563949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile polymer (PAN), a common representative textile material and a microplastic, has significant influence on phytoplankton algae, especially with co-exposure with other pollutants, e.g. Cu2+. In the present study, we carried out experiments to reveal the population size variation trends of Chlorella pyrenoidosa over time (during a whole growth cycle of 6 days) under PAN and/or Cu2+. The levels of pigments (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and other physiological and biochemical indices, containing total protein measurements of H2O2, catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) under different treatment groups were measured to explain the physio-ecological mechanism of the effect of PAN and/or Cu2+ on the growth of C. pyrenoidosa. The results showed that PAN, Cu2+ and the combination of PAN and Cu2+ inhibited the growth of C. pyrenoidosa. Chlorophyll a and b decreased significantly with increasing levels of pollutants (PAN and/or Cu2+); however, the carotenoid levels increased with increasing levels of pollutants (PAN and/or Cu2+) for the first three cultivation days. The oxygen-evolving complexes (OECs) of C. pyrenoidosa had been damaged under Cu2+ pollution. The results also showed that CAT activity, MDA content and H2O2 activity of C. pyrenoidosa increased with increasing levels of pollutants (PAN and/or Cu2+); however, total protein content decreased with increasing levels of pollutants (PAN and/or Cu2+) at the first cultivation day. These results indicate that pollutants (PAN and/or Cu2+) are harmful to the growth of the C. pyrenoidosa population and negatively affect the levels and function of the pigments in C. pyrenoidosa by decreasing chlorophyll a and b levels, increasing carotenoid levels, and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China
| | - Fang Su
- Institute of Ocean Research, Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy, Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China
| | - Maozi Lin
- Institute of Ocean Research, Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy, Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China.
| | - Meifang Jin
- Institute of Ocean Research, Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy, Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- Institute of Ocean Research, Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy, Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China
| | - Kewu Ding
- Institute of Ocean Research, Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy, Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China; Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment (Fujian Polytechnic Normal Univeristy), Fuqing, Fujian Province, 350300, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China.
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350007, China
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Bekirogullari M, Figueroa-Torres GM, Pittman JK, Theodoropoulos C. Models of microalgal cultivation for added-value products - A review. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107609. [PMID: 32781245 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a promising feedstock for biorefineries given that their chemical composition - rich in carbohydrate and lipid - can be directed towards the co-production of various value-added fuels and chemicals. Production of microalgal biomass for biorefinery purposes requires the identification and establishment of optimal cultivation systems, a crucial yet complicated task due to the numerous factors (e.g. media composition, light, temperature) that simultaneously regulate biomass growth and intracellular composition. Modelling these biological processes, taking into account a single or multiple growth-limiting factors, offers a valuable tool to simulate, design and optimise the dynamics of microalgae cultivation. This review provides an overview of existing models developed to describe microalgal growth processes at the macroscopic scale (also termed black-box models) and discusses their formulation in detail. The black-box kinetic modelling frameworks are compiled into single-factor (6 formulations) and multiple-factor (32 formulations - further divided into non-interactive, additive, and interactive) growth kinetic models, as reported in more than 80 studies, for the prediction of biomass growth as a function of major operational factors such as media composition (e.g. nutrient concentration) and environmental factors (e.g. transient light and temperature). In addition, the review focuses on those models that further account for the production dynamics of two microalgal intracellular products with renowned potential as biorefinery substrates: carbohydrate and lipid molecules. Models of microalgal cultivation dynamics offer a robust engineering tool to understand the natural yet complex responses of microalgae to their growing environment and can help - if used appropriately - to optimise microalgae cultivation and increase the economic viability and sustainability of microalgal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Bekirogullari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gonzalo M Figueroa-Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jon K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Constantinos Theodoropoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Biochemical and Bioprocess Engineering Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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Saldarriaga LF, Almenglo F, Ramírez M, Cantero D. Kinetic characterization and modeling of a microalgae consortium isolated from landfill leachate under a high CO2 concentration in a bubble column photobioreactor. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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15
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Tan KM, Kassim MA, Ng ZJ, Lalung J. Isolation and characterization of novel acidophilic microalgae from abandoned mining site area for carbohydrate biosynthesis and its kinetic growth study in photobioreactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/716/1/012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Ryu KH, Kim B, Heo S, Chang YK, Lee JH. Mathematical Modeling of Microalgal Internal Metabolic Behaviors under Heterotrophic Conditions and Its Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Boeun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Heo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, #2502 Building W1-3, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay H. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Trivedi J, Singh J, Atray N, Ray SS, Agrawal D. Development of a non-linear growth model for predicting temporal evolution of Scenedesmus obliquus with varying irradiance. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:2047-2054. [PMID: 31432253 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of irradiance on growth performance of Scenedesmus obliquus was investigated, and various non-linear growth models were evaluated to predict its temporal evolution. This microalga was cultured in a LED-illuminated flat-panel gas-lift photobioreactor operated in batch mode at varying irradiance ranging from 50 to 200 µmol/m2/s keeping all the other physico-chemical parameters constant. When growth data in terms of optical density were fitted in sigmoidal growth models, three non-linear models, namely, Richards model, Gompertz model, and logistic model, were found to be the best fit. Comparing these models based on statistical information, the logistic model could more appropriately and precisely describe algal growth under varying light intensity. Finally, the parameters of the logistic model were determined using regression analysis and were incorporated in the logistic equation to investigate the kinetic characteristics of S. obliquus. The optimum light intensity (Iopt) for growth was found to be 150 µmol/m2/s, at which a maximum specific growth rate (µopt) of 0.35/day was obtained. The model developed was validated experimentally and could successfully explain the photo-inhibition phenomenon occurring at light intensity above 150 µmol/m2/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Trivedi
- Biofuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Biofuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Atray
- Biofuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - S S Ray
- Biofuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biofuels Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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Khichi SS, Rohith S, Gehlot K, Dutta B, Ghosh S. Online estimation of biomass, lipid and nitrate dynamic profile using innovative light evolution kinetic model in flat panel airlift photobioreactor for Botryococcus braunii under varying light conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Krishnamoorthy S, Manickam P, Muthukaruppan V. Evaluation of distillery wastewater treatability in a customized photobioreactor using blue-green microalgae - Laboratory and outdoor study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 234:412-423. [PMID: 30640166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatability of anaerobically digested distillery wastewater is challenging because of its high pollution load of COD up to 40,000 ppm. This research investigates the possibilities of retrofitting the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of a distillery with microalgae treatment step. For this, at first the photobioreactors of capacity 50 L and 500 L were customized for the cultivation of Spirulina sp. under xenon lamp and sunlight. The reactor supported the maximum specific growth rate up to 0.42 ± 0.03 d-1 in the 50 L reactor at laboratory and 0.10 ± 0.02 d-1 in the 500 L reactor at the outdoor for Spirulina sp. The treatability of wastewater of COD 30,000 ppm-40,000 ppm was carried out in those reactors with the Spirulina sp. of culture volume fraction 0.8 and 0.93 under xenon lamp and sunlight respectively. The chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solids reduction were 60-70% in both the volume fractions of the culture. Ion chromatography analysis indicated the reduction of major inorganic pollutants in the wastewater by the Spirulina sp. The algae were sustainable when the culture volume fraction was increased from 0.8 to 0.93. Thus, the phycoremediation was shown the significant pollution reduction in the wastewater. The addition of this step is valuable and it benefits the distillery by not only improving the quality of wastewater but also through the generation of algae biomass that would be appropriate for animal feed or biofuel application. However, the detail biochemical study is needed for the best use of algae biomass and the treatment could be checked for the long run sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaran Krishnamoorthy
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept. of Energy & Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India.
| | - Premalatha Manickam
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept. of Energy & Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 015, India
| | - Vijayasekaran Muthukaruppan
- Research & Development, Trichy Distilleries & Chemicals Ltd., Senthaneerpuram, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 004, India
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Parichehreh R, Gheshlaghi R, Mahdavi MA, Elkamel A. Optimization of lipid production in Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production using flux balance analysis. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Olorunnisola KS, Jamal P, Alam MZ. Growth, substrate consumption, and product formation kinetics of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Schizophyllum commune mixed culture under solid-state fermentation of fruit peels. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:429. [PMID: 30305998 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic analysis of solid-state fermentation (SSF) of fruit peels with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Schizophyllum commune mixed culture was studied in flask and 7 kg capacity reactor. Modified Monod kinetic model suggested by Haldane sufficiently described microbial growth with co-efficient of determination (R 2) reaching 0.908 at increased substrate concentration than the classical Monod model (R 2 = 0.932). Leudeking-Piret model adequately described product synthesis in non-growth-dependent manner (R 2 = 0.989), while substrate consumption by P. chrysosporium and S. commune fungal mixed culture was growth-dependent (R 2 = 0.938). Hanes-Woolf model sufficiently represented α-amylase and cellulase enzymes synthesis (R 2 = 0.911 and 0.988); α-amylase had enzyme maximum velocity (V max) of 25.19 IU/gds/day and rate constant (K m) of 11.55 IU/gds/day, while cellulase enzyme had V max of 3.05 IU/gds/day and K m of 57.47 IU/gds/day. Product yield in the reactor increased to 32.65 mg/g/day compared with 28.15 mg/g/day in shake flask. 2.5 cm media thickness was adequate for product formation within a 6 day SSF in the tray reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kola Saheed Olorunnisola
- 1Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 2Biological Sciences Department, Elizade University, P.M.B. 002, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Parveen Jamal
- 1Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- 1Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia, P.O. Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Allen JW, Tevatia R, Demirel Y, DiRusso CC, Black PN. Induction of oil accumulation by heat stress is metabolically distinct from N stress in the green microalgae Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204505. [PMID: 30261009 PMCID: PMC6160078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are often promoted as feedstock organisms to produce a sustainable petroleum fossil fuel alternative. However, to induce lipid accumulation most often requires a severe stress that is difficult to induce in large batch cultures. The objective of this study is to analyze and mathematically model heat stress on growth, chlorophyll content, triacylglyceride, and starch synthesis in algae. We initially screened 30 algal species for the most pronounced induction of lipid droplets from heat stress using confocal microscopy and mass spectroscopy techniques. One species, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C169, was selected and subjected to further biochemical analyses using a jacketed bioreactor amended with 1% CO2 at 25°C, 30°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, and 36°C. Lipid and starch accumulation was less extreme than N stress. Growth was reduced above 25°C, but heat stress induced lipid droplet synthesis was negatively correlated with growth only past a demonstrated threshold temperature above 32°C. The optimal temperature for lipid accumulation was 35°C, which led to 6% of dry weight triglyceride content and a 72% reduction from optimal growth after 5 days. Fatty acid influx rates into triglycerides and 15N labeling of amino acids and proteins indicate that heat stress is mechanistically distinct from N stress. Thus, this study lends support to a novel hypothesis that lipid droplet triglycerides result from a redistribution of carbon flux as fatty acids to neutral storage lipids over membrane or other lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Allen
- Department of Biochemistry, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Rahul Tevatia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Othmer Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Yaşar Demirel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Othmer Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Concetta C. DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Paul N. Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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Mathematical modeling of fed-batch fermentation of Schizochytrium sp. FJU-512 growth and DHA production using a shift control strategy. 3 Biotech 2018. [PMID: 29527449 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain high-cell-density cultures of Schizochytrium sp. FJU-512 for DHA production, two stages of fermentation strategy were used and carbon/nitrogen ratio, DO and temperature were controlled at different levels. The final dry cell weight, total lipid production and DHA yield in 15 l bioreactor reached 103.9, 37.2 and 16.0 g/l, respectively. For the further study of microbial growth and DHA production dynamics, we established a set of kinetic models for the fed-batch production of DHA by Schizochytrium sp. FJU-512 in 15 and 100 l fermenters and a compensatory parameter n was integrated into the model in order to find the optimal mathematical equations. A modified Logistic model was proposed to fit the cell growth data and the following kinetic parameters were obtained: µm = 0.0525/h, Xm = 100 g/l and n = 4.1717 for the 15 l bioreactor, as well as µm = 0.0382/h, Xm = 107.4371 g/l and n = 10 for the 100 l bioreactor. The Luedeking-Piret equations were utilized to model DHA production, yielding values of α = 0.0648 g/g and β = 0.0014 g/g/h for the 15 l bioreactor, while the values of α and β obtained for the 100 l fermentation were 0.0209 g/g and 0.0030 g/g/h. The predicted results compared with experimental data showed that the established models had a good fitting precision and were able to exactly depict the dynamic features of the DHA production process.
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