1
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Saxena A, Hussain A, Parveen F, Ashfaque M. Current status of metabolic engineering of microorganisms for bioethanol production by effective utilization of pentose sugars of lignocellulosic biomass. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127478. [PMID: 37625339 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass, consisting of homo- and heteropolymeric sugars, acts as a substrate for the generation of valuable biochemicals and biomaterials. The readily available hexoses are easily utilized by microbes due to the presence of transporters and native metabolic pathways. But, utilization of pentose sugar viz., xylose and arabinose are still challenging due to several reasons including (i) the absence of the particular native pathways and transporters, (ii) the presence of inhibitors, and (iii) lower uptake of pentose sugars. These challenges can be overcome by manipulating metabolic pathways/glycosidic enzymes cascade by using genetic engineering tools involving inverse-metabolic engineering, ex-vivo isomerization, Adaptive Laboratory Evolution, Directed Metabolic Engineering, etc. Metabolic engineering of bacteria and fungi for the utilization of pentose sugars for bioethanol production is the focus area of research in the current decade. This review outlines current approaches to biofuel development and strategies involved in the metabolic engineering of different microbes that can uptake pentose for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Saxena
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Fouziya Parveen
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Ashfaque
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Singh AK, Deeba F, Kumar M, Kumari S, Wani SA, Paul T, Gaur NA. Development of engineered Candida tropicalis strain for efficient corncob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:201. [PMID: 37803395 PMCID: PMC10557352 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylitol has a wide range of applications in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, food and beverage industry. Microbial xylitol production reduces the risk of contamination and is considered as environment friendly and sustainable compared to the chemical method. In this study, random mutagenesis and genetic engineering approaches were employed to develop Candida tropicalis strains with reduced xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) activity to eliminate co-substrate requirement for corn cob-based xylitol-ethanol biorefinery. RESULTS The results suggest that when pure xylose (10% w/v) was fermented in bioreactor, the Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutated strain (C. tropicalis K2M) showed 9.2% and XYL2 heterozygous (XYL2/xyl2Δ::FRT) strain (C. tropicalis K21D) showed 16% improvement in xylitol production compared to parental strain (C. tropicalis K2). Furthermore, 1.5-fold improvement (88.62 g/L to 132 g/L) in xylitol production was achieved by C. tropicalis K21D after Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and one factor at a time (OFAT) applied for media component optimization. Finally, corncob hydrolysate was tested for xylitol production in biorefinery mode, which leads to the production of 32.6 g/L xylitol from hemicellulosic fraction, 32.0 g/L ethanol from cellulosic fraction and 13.0 g/L animal feed. CONCLUSIONS This work, for the first time, illustrates the potential of C. tropicalis K21D as a microbial cell factory for efficient production of xylitol and ethanol via an integrated biorefinery framework by utilising lignocellulosic biomass with minimum waste generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Singh
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Farha Deeba
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shahid Ali Wani
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Tanushree Paul
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naseem A Gaur
- Yeast Biofuel Group, DBT-ICGEB Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Acetate-rich Cellulosic Hydrolysates and Their Bioconversion Using Yeasts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Biological production of xylitol by using nonconventional microbial strains. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:249. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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5
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Integrated bioinformatics, modelling, and gene expression analysis of the putative pentose transporter from Candida tropicalis during xylose fermentation with and without glucose addition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4587-4606. [PMID: 35708749 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The transport of substrates across the cell membrane plays an essential role in nutrient assimilation by yeasts. The establishment of an efficient microbial cell factory, based on the maximum use of available carbon sources, can generate new technologies that allow the full use of lignocellulosic constituents. These technologies are of interest because they could promote the formation of added-value products with economic feasibility. In silico analyses were performed to investigate gene sequences capable of encoding xylose transporter proteins in the Candida tropicalis genome. The current study identified 11 putative transport proteins that have not yet been functionally characterized. A phylogenetic tree highlighted the potential C. tropicalis xylose-transporter proteins CtXUT1, CtXUT4, CtSTL1, CtSTL2, and CtGXT2, which were homologous to previously characterized and reported xylose transporters. Their expression was quantified through real-time qPCR at defined times, determined through a kinetic analysis of the microbial growth curve in the absence/presence of glucose supplemented with xylose as the main carbon source. The results indicated different mRNA expression levels for each gene. CtXUT1 mRNA expression was only found in the absence of glucose in the medium. Maximum CtXUT1 expression was observed in intervals of the highest xylose consumption (21 to 36 h) that corresponded to consumption rates of 1.02 and 0.82 g/L/h in the formulated media, with xylose as the only carbon source and with glucose addition. These observations indicate that CtXUT1 is an important xylose transporter in C. tropicalis. KEY POINTS: • Putative xylose transporter proteins were identified in Candida tropicalis; • The glucose concentration in the cultivation medium plays a key role in xylose transporter regulation; • The transporter gene CtXUT1 has an important role in xylose consumption by Candida tropicalis.
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6
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de Mello FDSB, Maneira C, Suarez FUL, Nagamatsu S, Vargas B, Vieira C, Secches T, Coradini ALV, Silvello MADC, Goldbeck R, Pereira GAG, Teixeira GS. Rational engineering of industrial S. cerevisiae: towards xylitol production from sugarcane straw. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:80. [PMID: 35612634 PMCID: PMC9133290 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Sugarcane hemicellulosic material is a compelling source of usually neglected xylose that could figure as feedstock to produce chemical building blocks of high economic value, such as xylitol. In this context, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains typically used in the Brazilian bioethanol industry are a robust chassis for genetic engineering, given their robustness towards harsh operational conditions and outstanding fermentation performance. Nevertheless, there are no reports on the use of these strains for xylitol production using sugarcane hydrolysate. Results Potential single-guided RNA off-targets were analyzed in two preeminent industrial strains (PE-2 and SA-1), providing a database of 5′-NGG 20 nucleotide sequences and guidelines for the fast and cost-effective CRISPR editing of such strains. After genomic integration of a NADPH-preferring xylose reductase (XR), FMYX (SA-1 hoΔ::xyl1) and CENPKX (CEN.PK-122 hoΔ::xyl1) were tested in varying cultivation conditions for xylitol productivity to infer influence of the genetic background. Near-theoretical yields were achieved for all strains; however, the industrial consistently outperformed the laboratory strain. Batch fermentation of raw sugarcane straw hydrolysate with remaining solid particles represented a challenge for xylose metabolization, and 3.65 ± 0.16 g/L xylitol titer was achieved by FMYX. Finally, quantification of NADPH — cofactor implied in XR activity — revealed that FMYX has 33% more available cofactors than CENPKX. Conclusions Although widely used in several S. cerevisiae strains, this is the first report of CRISPR-Cas9 editing major yeast of the Brazilian bioethanol industry. Fermentative assays of xylose consumption revealed that NADPH availability is closely related to mutant strains’ performance. We also pioneer the use of sugarcane straw as a substrate for xylitol production. Finally, we demonstrate how industrial background SA-1 is a compelling chassis for the second-generation industry, given its inhibitor tolerance and better redox environment that may favor production of reduced sugars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-022-00359-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Maneira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank Uriel Lizarazo Suarez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Basic Sciences, University of Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
| | - Sheila Nagamatsu
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vargas
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Secches
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessando L V Coradini
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Goldbeck
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gleidson Silva Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chemoenzymatic Conversion of Biomass-Derived D-Xylose to Furfuryl Alcohol with Corn Stalk-Based Solid Acid Catalyst and Reductase Biocatalyst in a Deep Eutectic Solvent–Water System. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the feasibility of chemoenzymatically transforming biomass-derived D-xylose to furfuryl alcohol was demonstrated in a tandem reaction with SO42−/SnO2-CS chemocatalyst and reductase biocatalyst in the deep eutectic solvent (DES)–water media. The high furfural yield (44.6%) was obtained by catalyzing biomass-derived D-xylose (75.0 g/L) in 20 min at 185 °C with SO42−/SnO2-CS (1.2 wt%) in DES ChCl:EG–water (5:95, v/v). Subsequently, recombinant E.coli CF cells harboring reductases transformed D-xylose-derived furfural (200.0 mM) to furfuryl alcohol in the yield of 35.7% (based on D-xylose) at 35 °C and pH 7.5 using HCOONa as cosubstrate in ChCl:EG–water. This chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis strategy could be employed for the sustainable production of value-added furan-based chemical from renewable bioresource.
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8
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He Y, Li H, Chen L, Zheng L, Ye C, Hou J, Bao X, Liu W, Shen Y. Production of xylitol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using waste xylose mother liquor and corncob residues. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:2059-2071. [PMID: 34255428 PMCID: PMC8449662 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exorbitant outputs of waste xylose mother liquor (WXML) and corncob residue from commercial‐scale production of xylitol create environmental problems. To reduce the wastes, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain tolerant to WXML was conferred with abilities to express the genes of xylose reductase, a xylose‐specific transporter and enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. This strain showed a high capacity to produce xylitol from xylose in WXML with glucose as a co‐substrate. Additionally, a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process was designed to use corncob residues and cellulase instead of directly adding glucose as a co‐substrate. Xylitol titer and the productivity were, respectively, 91.0 g l‐1 and 1.26 ± 0.01 g l‐1 h‐1 using 20% WXML, 55 g DCW l‐1 delignified corncob residues and 11.8 FPU gcellulose‐1 cellulase at 35° during fermentation. This work demonstrates the promising strategy of SSF to exploit waste products to xylitol fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Liyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chunhui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qi Lu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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9
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Recent insights, applications and prospects of xylose reductase: a futuristic enzyme for xylitol production. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Yang BX, Xie CY, Xia ZY, Wu YJ, Gou M, Tang YQ. Improving xylitol yield by deletion of endogenous xylitol-assimilating genes: a study of industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation of glucose and xylose. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5986616. [PMID: 33201998 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae can reduce xylose to xylitol. However, in S.cerevisiae, there are several endogenous enzymes including xylitol dehydrogenase encoded by XYL2, sorbitol dehydrogenases encoded by SOR1/SOR2 and xylulokinase encoded by XKS1 may lead to the assimilation of xylitol. In this study, to increase xylitol accumulation, these genes were separately deleted through CRISPR/Cas9 system. Their effects on xylitol yield of an industrial S. cerevisiae CK17 overexpressing Candida tropicalis XYL1 (encoding xylose reductase) were investigated. Deletion of SOR1/SOR2 or XKS1 increased the xylitol yield in both batch and fed-batch fermentation with different concentrations of glucose and xylose. The analysis of the transcription level of key genes in the mutants during fed-batch fermentation suggests that SOR1/SOR2 are more crucially responsible for xylitol oxidation than XYL2 under the genetic background of S.cerevisiae CK17. The deletion of XKS1 gene could also weaken SOR1/SOR2 expression, thereby increasing the xylitol accumulation. The XKS1-deleted strain CK17ΔXKS1 produced 46.17 g/L of xylitol and reached a xylitol yield of 0.92 g/g during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of pretreated corn stover slurry. Therefore, the deletion of XKS1 gene provides a promising strategy to meet the industrial demands for xylitol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Xue Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Cai-Yun Xie
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Xia
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ya-Jing Wu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Min Gou
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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11
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Yang BX, Xie CY, Xia ZY, Wu YJ, Li B, Tang YQ. The effect of xylose reductase genes on xylitol production by industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation of glucose and xylose. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Reshamwala SMS, Lali AM. Exploiting the NADPH pool for xylitol production using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2972. [PMID: 31990139 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has a variety of uses in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In xylose assimilating yeasts, NAD(P)H-dependent xylose reductase (XR) catalyzes the reduction of xylose to xylitol. In the present study, XR with varying cofactor specificities was overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to screen for efficient xylitol production. Xylose consumption and xylitol yields were higher when NADPH-dependent enzymes (Candida tropicalis XR and S. cerevisiae Gre3p aldose reductase) were expressed, indicating that heterologous enzymes can utilize the intracellular NADPH pool more efficiently than the NADH pool, where they may face competition from native enzymes. This was confirmed by overexpression of a NADH-preferring C. tropicalis XR mutant, which led to decreased xylose consumption and lower xylitol yield. To increase intracellular NADPH availability for xylitol production, the promoter of the ZWF1 gene, coding for the first enzyme of the NADPH-generating pentose phosphate pathway, was replaced with the constitutive GPD promoter in a strain expressing C. tropicalis XR. This change led to a ~12% increase in xylitol yield. Deletion of XYL2 and SOR1, whose gene products can use xylitol as substrate, did not further increase xylitol yield. Using wheat stalk hydrolysate as source of xylose, the constructed strain efficiently produced xylitol, demonstrating practical relevance of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arvind M Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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13
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Guirimand GGY, Bamba T, Matsuda M, Inokuma K, Morita K, Kitada Y, Kobayashi Y, Yukawa T, Sasaki K, Ogino C, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. Combined Cell Surface Display of β‐
d
‐Glucosidase (BGL), Maltose Transporter (MAL11), and Overexpression of Cytosolic Xylose Reductase (XR) in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Enhance Cellobiose/Xylose Coutilization for Xylitol Bioproduction from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800704. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Y. Guirimand
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Kentaro Inokuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Research Facility Center for Science and TechnologyKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Yuki Kitada
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Yuma Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Takahiro Yukawa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and InnovationKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Engineering Biology Research CenterKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringKobe University 1‐1 Rokkodai 657‐8501 Nada Kobe Japan
- Biomass Engineering ProgramRIKEN 1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho 230‐0045 Tsurumi‐ku, Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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14
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Zhang M, Puri AK, Wang Z, Singh S, Permaul K. A unique xylose reductase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: Effect of lignocellulosic substrates and inhibitors and applicability in lignocellulosic bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:374-381. [PMID: 30831517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the xylose reductase gene (XRTL) from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294. The purified 39.2 kDa monomeric enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.5 and 50 °C and showed activity over a wide range of temperatures (30-70 °C) and pH (4.0-9.0), with a half-life of 1386 min at 50 °C. The enzyme preferred NADPH as cofactor and showed broad substrate specificity. The enzyme was inhibited by Cu2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+, while ferulic acid was found to be the most potent lignocellulosic inhibitor. Recombinant S. cerevisiae with the XRTL gene showed 34% higher xylitol production than the control strain. XRTL can therefore be used in a cell-free xylitol production process or as part of a pathway for utilization of xylose from lignocellulosic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adarsh Kumar Puri
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Zhengxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kugen Permaul
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Xu Y, Chi P, Bilal M, Cheng H. Biosynthetic strategies to produce xylitol: an economical venture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5143-5160. [PMID: 31101942 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Xylitol is a natural five-carbon sugar alcohol with potential for use in food and pharmaceutical industries owing to its insulin-independent metabolic regulation, tooth rehardening, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory, as well as osteoporosis and ear infections preventing activities. Chemical and biosynthetic routes using D-xylose, glucose, or biomass hydrolysate as raw materials can produce xylitol. Among these methods, microbial production of xylitol has received significant attention due to its wide substrate availability, easy to operate, and eco-friendly nature, in contrast with high-energy consuming and environmental-polluting chemical method. Though great advances have been made in recent years for the biosynthesis of xylitol from xylose, glucose, and biomass hydrolysate, and the yield and productivity of xylitol are substantially improved by metabolic engineering and optimizing key metabolic pathway parameters, it is still far away from industrial-scale biosynthesis of xylitol. In contrary, the chemical synthesis of xylitol from xylose remains the dominant route. Economic and highly efficient xylitol biosynthetic strategies from an abundantly available raw material (i.e., glucose) by engineered microorganisms are on the hard way to forwarding. However, synthetic biology appears as a novel and promising approach to develop a super yeast strain for industrial production of xylitol from glucose. After a brief overview of chemical-based xylitol production, we critically analyzed and comprehensively summarized the major metabolic strategies used for the enhanced biosynthesis of xylitol in this review. Towards the end, the study is wrapped up with current challenges, concluding remarks, and future prospects for designing an industrial yeast strain for xylitol biosynthesis from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ping Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Hairong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Hua Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang B, Kong X, Li W, Wang D, Hong J. Release of glucose repression on xylose utilization in Kluyveromyces marxianus to enhance glucose-xylose co-utilization and xylitol production from corncob hydrolysate. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:24. [PMID: 30709398 PMCID: PMC6359873 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant materials for biochemicals production. However, efficient co-utilization of glucose and xylose from the lignocellulosic biomass is a challenge due to the glucose repression in microorganisms. Kluyveromyces marxianus is a thermotolerant and efficient xylose-utilizing yeast. To realize the glucose-xylose co-utilization, analyzing the glucose repression of xylose utilization in K. marxianus is necessary. In addition, a glucose-xylose co-utilization platform strain will facilitate the construction of lignocellulosic biomass-utilizing strains. RESULTS Through gene disruption, hexokinase 1 (KmHXK1) and sucrose non-fermenting 1 (KmSNF1) were proved to be involved in the glucose repression of xylose utilization while disruption of the downstream genes of cyclic AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) signaling pathway or sucrose non-fermenting 3 (SNF3) glucose-sensing pathway did not alleviate the repression. Furthermore, disruption of the gene of multicopy inhibitor of GAL gene expression (KmMIG1) alleviated the glucose repression on some nonglucose sugars (galactose, sucrose, and raffinose) but still kept glucose repression of xylose utilization. Real-time PCR analysis of the xylose utilization related genes transcription confirmed these results, and besides, revealed that xylitol dehydrogenase gene (KmXYL2) was the critical gene for xylose utilization and stringently regulated by glucose repression. Many other genes of candidate targets interacting with SNF1 were also evaluated by disruption, but none proved to be the key regulator in the pathway of the glucose repression on xylose utilization. Therefore, there may exist other signaling pathway(s) for glucose repression on xylose consumption. Based on these results, a thermotolerant xylose-glucose co-consumption platform strain of K. marxianus was constructed. Then, exogenous xylose reductase and xylose-specific transporter genes were overexpressed in the platform strain to obtain YHY013. The YHY013 could efficiently co-utilized the glucose and xylose from corncob hydrolysate or xylose mother liquor for xylitol production (> 100 g/L) even with inexpensive organic nitrogen sources. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the glucose repression in K. marxianus laid the foundation for construction of the glucose-xylose co-utilizing platform strain. The efficient xylitol production strain further verified the potential of the platform strain in exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hua
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yelin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Kong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Baptista SL, Cunha JT, Romaní A, Domingues L. Xylitol production from lignocellulosic whole slurry corn cob by engineered industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:481-491. [PMID: 30041142 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2 strain, presenting innate capacity for xylitol accumulation, was engineered for xylitol production by overexpression of the endogenous GRE3 gene and expression of different xylose reductases from Pichia stipitis. The best-performing GRE3-overexpressing strain was capable to produce 148.5 g/L of xylitol from high xylose-containing media, with a 0.95 g/g yield, and maintained close to maximum theoretical yields (0.89 g/g) when tested in non-detoxified corn cob hydrolysates. Furthermore, a successful integrated strategy was developed for the production of xylitol from whole slurry corn cob in a presaccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (15% solid loading and 36 FPU) reaching xylitol yield of 0.93 g/g and a productivity of 0.54 g/L·h. This novel approach results in an intensified valorization of lignocellulosic biomass for xylitol production in a fully integrated process and represents an advance towards a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Baptista
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana T Cunha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Aloia Romaní
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Lane S, Dong J, Jin YS. Value-added biotransformation of cellulosic sugars by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:380-394. [PMID: 29655899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The substantial research efforts into lignocellulosic biofuels have generated an abundance of valuable knowledge and technologies for metabolic engineering. In particular, these investments have led to a vast growth in proficiency of engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for consuming lignocellulosic sugars, enabling the simultaneous assimilation of multiple carbon sources, and producing a large variety of value-added products by introduction of heterologous metabolic pathways. While microbial conversion of cellulosic sugars into large-volume low-value biofuels is not currently economically feasible, there may still be opportunities to produce other value-added chemicals as regulation of cellulosic sugar metabolism is quite different from glucose metabolism. This review summarizes these recent advances with an emphasis on employing engineered yeast for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic sugars into a variety of non-ethanol value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lane
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jia Dong
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Bioethanol a Microbial Biofuel Metabolite; New Insights of Yeasts Metabolic Engineering. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation4010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Single-cell Protein and Xylitol Production by a Novel Yeast Strain Candida intermedia FL023 from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates and Xylose. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:163-178. [PMID: 29098561 PMCID: PMC5937888 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts are good candidates to utilize the hydrolysates of lignocellulose, the most abundant bioresource, for bioproducts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of single-cell protein (SCP) and xylitol production by a novel yeast strain, Candida intermedia FL023, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates and xylose. This strain efficiently assimilated hexose, pentose, and cellubiose for cell mass production with the crude protein content of 484.2 g kg−1 dry cell mass. SCP was produced by strain FL023 using corncob hydrolysate and urea as the carbon and nitrogen sources with the dry cell mass productivity 0.86 g L−1 h−1 and the yield of 0.40 g g−1 sugar. SCP was also produced using NaOH-pretreated Miscanthus sinensis straw and corn steep liquor as the carbon and nitrogen sources through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with the dry cell productivity of 0.23 g L−1 h−1 and yield of 0.17 g g−1 straw. C. intermedia FL023 was tolerant to 0.5 g L−1 furfural, acetic acid, and syringaldehyde in xylitol fermentation and produced 45.7 g L−1 xylitol from xylose with the productivity of 0.38 g L−1 h−1 and the yield of 0.57 g g−1 xylose. This study provides feasible methods for feed and food additive production from the abundant lignocellulosic bioresources.
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22
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Challenges and prospects of xylitol production with whole cell bio-catalysis: A review. Microbiol Res 2017; 197:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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