1
|
Venkataravanappa V, Ashwathappa KV, Hiremath S, Manjunatha L, Shankarappa KS, Krishna Reddy M, Lakshminarayana Reddy CN. Begomovirus and DNA-satellites association with mosaic and leaf curl disease of Solanum nigrum and Physalis minima: the new hosts for chilli leaf curl virus. Virusdisease 2023; 34:504-513. [PMID: 38046062 PMCID: PMC10686937 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The numerous plants of Solanum nigrum L, and Physalis minima L, well-known weeds with medicinal properties in agriculture and horticulture crops exhibiting severe mosaic, enation and leaf curl symptoms, were collected from the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The begomovirus infection in S. nigrum and P. minima was validated by PCR using virus-specific primers. The whole genome of the represented isolate of S. nigrum (SN1), P. minima (PM1), and beta satellite was amplified, cloned and sequenced. The SDT analysis showed that the DNA-A of PM1 and SN1 isolate showed the highest nt identity of 87.4 to 99.1%, with several chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV) isolates from India and Oman, respectively. The betasatellite sequence (PM1β) obtained from the PM1 isolate showed a very low identity of 83.1-84.5%. A demarcation threshold of 91% for betasatellite species delineation has led to identifying a new betasatellite in the PM1 sample. This unique betasatellite has been named "physalis minima leaf curl betasatellite," indicating its novelty with the plant. Whereas, betasatellite sequence (SN1β) obtained from the SN1 sample showed 86.8-91.2% nucleotide identity with ChiLCB isolates infecting several crops in Indian subcontinents. The RDP analysis of the viral genome and betasatellite of SN1 and PM1 isolates revealed recombination in substantial portions of their genetic makeup, which appeared to have originated from pre-existing begomoviruses known to infect diverse host species. The present research also highlights the potential role of these plants as significant reservoir hosts for ChiLCuV in chili plants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00850-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Venkataravanappa
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - K. V. Ashwathappa
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - Shridhar Hiremath
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, CSIR- North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - L. Manjunatha
- Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, India
| | - K. S. Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, 560 065 India
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka India
| | - M. Krishna Reddy
- Division of Crop Protection, Central Horticultural Experimental Station (CHES), ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - C. N. Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Venkataravanappa V, Ashwathappa KV, Kallingappa P, Shridhar H, Hemachandra Reddy P, Reddy MK, Reddy CNL. Diversity and phylogeography of begomoviruses and DNA satellites associated with the leaf curl and mosaic disease complex of eggplant. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106127. [PMID: 37119939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Eggplant is one of the important vegetable crops grown across the world, and its production is threatened by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Diseases caused by viruses are becoming major limiting factors for its successful cultivation. A survey for begomovirus-like symptoms in 72 eggplant fields located in six different Indian states revealed a prevalence of disease ranging from 5.2 to 40.2%, and the symptoms recorded were mosaic, mottling, petiole bending, yellowing, and upward curling, vein thickening, and enation of the leaves, and stunting of plants. The causal agent associated with these plants was transmitted from infected leaf samples to healthy eggplant seedlings via grafting and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). The presence of begomovirus was confirmed in 72 infected eggplant samples collected from the surveyed fields exhibiting leaf curl and mosaic disease by PCR using begomovirus specifc primers (DNA-A componet), which resulted in an expected amplicon of 1.2 kb. The partial genome sequence obtained from amplified 1.2 kb from all samples indicated that they are closely related begomovirus species, tomato leaf Karnataka virus (ToLCKV, two samples), tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV, fifty eggplant samples), and chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCuV, twenty samples). Based on the partial genome sequence analysis, fourteen representative samples were selected for full viral genome amplification by the rolling circle DNA amplification (RCA) technique. Analyses of fourteen eggplant isolates genome sequences using the Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) indicated that one isolate had the maximum nucleotide (nt) identity with ToLCKV and eight isolates with ToLCPalV. Whereas, four isolates four isolates (BLC1-CH, BLC2-CH, BLC3-CH, BLC4-CH) are showing nucleotide identity of less than 91% with chilli infecting viruses begomoviruses with chilli infecting begomoviruses and as per the guidelines given by the ICTV study group for the classification of begomoviruses these isolates are considered as one novel begomovirus species, for which name, Eggplant leaf curl Chhattisgarh virus (EgLCuChV) is proposed. For DNA-B component, seven eggplant isolates had the highest nt identity with ToLCPalV infecting other crops. Further, DNA satellites sequence analysis indicated that four betasatellites identified shared maximum nucleotide identity with the tomato leaf curl betasatellite and five alphasatellites shared maximum nucleotide identity with the ageratum enation alphasatellite. Recombination and GC plot analyses indicated that the bulk of begomovirus genome and associated satellites presumably originated from of previously known mono and bipartite begomoviruses and DNA satellites. To the best of our knowledge, this is India's first report of ToLCKV and a noval virus, eggplant leaf curl Chhattisgarh virus associated with eggplant leaf curl disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089, Karnataka, India.
| | - K V Ashwathappa
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Hiremath Shridhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560 065, Karnataka, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560 065, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Venkataravanappa V, Kodandaram MH, Prasanna HC, Reddy MK, Reddy CNL. Unraveling different begomoviruses, DNA satellites and cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci and their endosymbionts in vegetable ecosystem. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105892. [PMID: 36502993 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci species complex contains more than 46 cryptic species. It has emerged as an important pest causing significant yield loss in many cultivated crops. This pest is also a vector for more than 100 species of begomoviruses, that are a major threat for the cultivation of many crops in different regions of the world. The relation between cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex and associated begomoviruses that infect different crops remains unclear. In the present study, four cryptic species (Asia I, China 3, Asia II 5 and Asia II-1) of B. tabaci and four associated endosymbionts (Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Wolbachia) were identified in different vegetable crops. The vector-based PCR detection revealed five different begomoviruses such as okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV), squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV), chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCuV), and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Of these begomoviruses, the maximum infection rate was observed (9.1%) for OELCuV, followed by 7.3% for ToLCNDV. The infection rate of the other three viruses (SLCCNV, ChiLCuV, ToLCPalV) ranged from 0.9 to 2.7% in cryptic species of B. tabaci. Further, each cryptic species was infected with multiple virus species and the virus infection rate of Asia I, Asia II-5, China 3 and Asia II-1 was 21.2%, 15.1%, 15.1% and 0.6% respectively. Similarly, in case of betasatellites the highest infection rate was 12% for ToLCBDB, followed by 6% for OLCuB and PaLCB. With regard to alphasatellites, the highest infection rate was 18.2% for AEV and 3% for CLCuMuA. This study demonstrates the distribution of cryptic species of whitefly and their endosymbionts, and associated begomoviruses and DNA satellites in vegetable ecosystem. We believe that the information generated here is useful for evolving an effective pest management strategies for vegetable production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - M H Kodandaram
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Research Center, UAS Campus, Dharwad, 580005, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - H C Prasanna
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, 221305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bengaluru, 560089, Karnataka, India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular investigations reveal bitter gourd crop is more susceptible to tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infection in diverse crop cultivation practices. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:500. [PMID: 34881163 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small- and medium-scale farmer's typically follow polyculture or diverse crop cultivation. However, cultivation of diverse crops in small area can cause cross infection leading to disease spreading across crops. A microplot-based field study was conducted to understand the disease susceptibility and disease mobility across various crops, including tomato, chilli, mungbean, and bitter gourd. The mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) incidence was noted first in the mungbean crop followed by tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in tomato and chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCV) in chilli crop. Interestingly, bitter gourd crop was infected lastly with symptoms including yellow and green mottling, severe leaf curling, and stunted growth. However, in bitter gourd crop symptoms, like typical leaf curl virus, could not be conclusively related to a certain type of begomovirus. Molecular diagnosis using begomovirus specific deng primers and coat protein (CP) gene primers specific to begomovirus species revealed the presence of ToLCNDV in bitter gourd samples. The phylogenetic analysis of CP gene sequences revealed 98 per cent nucleotide identity with ToLCNDV. Further cross infectivity assays confirmed the transmission of ToLCNDV from tomato to bitter gourd and vice versa. The cryptic species of whiteflies isolated from the bitter gourd fields were sequence confirmed to belong to Asia-I genetic group that were reported to transmit ToLCNDV previously. Overall, our study suggests the vulnerability of bitter gourd crop for ToLCNDV infection when cultivated by the side of tomato plots. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02975-6.
Collapse
|
5
|
Roy B, Chakraborty P, Ghosh A. How many begomovirus copies are acquired and inoculated by its vector, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) during feeding? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258933. [PMID: 34699546 PMCID: PMC8547624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses are transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in a persistent-circulative way. Once B. tabaci becomes viruliferous, it remains so throughout its life span. Not much is known about the copies of begomoviruses ingested and/or released by B. tabaci during the process of feeding. The present study reports the absolute quantification of two different begomoviruses viz. tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV, bipartite) and chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV, monopartite) at different exposure of active acquisition and inoculation feeding using a detached leaf assay. A million copies of both the begomoviruses were acquired by a single B. tabaci with only 5 min of active feeding and virus copy number increased in a logarithmic model with feeding exposure. Whereas, a single B. tabaci could inoculate 8.21E+09 and 4.19E+11 copies of ToLCNDV and ChiLCV, respectively in detached leaves by 5 min of active feeding. Virus copies in inoculated leaves increased with an increase in feeding duration. Comparative dynamics of these two begomoviruses indicated that B. tabaci adult acquired around 14-fold higher copies of ChiLCV than ToLCNDV 24 hrs post feeding. Whereas, the rate of inoculation of ToLCNDV by individual B. tabaci was significantly higher than ChiLCV. The study provides a better understanding of begomovirus acquisition and inoculation dynamics by individual B. tabaci and would facilitate research on virus-vector epidemiology and screening host resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadeb Roy
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prosenjit Chakraborty
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Venkataravanappa V, Reddy CNL, Nandan M, Hiremath S, Ashwathappa KV, Shankarappa KS, Vinay Kumar HD, Reddy MK. Transmission, characterization and occurrence of recombination in Indian strain of squash leaf curl China virus associated with yellow mosaic and leaf curl disease of Summer squash. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:265. [PMID: 33996377 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Summer squash is one of the important vegetable crops and its production is hampered by various abiotic and biotic stresses. Of the different biotic stresses, viral infections are responsible for causing great losses to this crop. Diseases caused by begomoviruses are becoming a major constraint in the cultivation of summer squash. Samples from summer squash plants exhibiting severe yellow mosaic and leaf curl symptoms were collected from the Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh (India) and begomovirus associated with these plants was transmitted through whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) to healthy squash plants. The relationship between causal virus and whitefly vector was determined. The minimum acquisition access period (AAP) and inoculation feeding period (IFP) required by B. tabaci to transmit the virus was determined to be 10 min and female insects have greater efficiency in transmitting virus than male insects. The partial genome of the virus was amplified by PCR (1.2 kb), cloned and sequenced from the ten infected plant samples collected from field. Partial genome sequence analysis (1.2 kb) obtained from the ten samples revealed that they are associated with begomovirus species closely related to the Indian strain of Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV). Therefore, one representative sample (Sq-1) was selected and complete genome of the virus was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA) method. Sequence analysis by Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) showed that the current isolate has maximum nucleotide (nt) identity of 93.7-98.4% and 89-98.1% with respect to DNA A DNA B, respectively with Indian strains of SLCCNV infecting cucurbits in India. Recombination analysis of genomes (DNA A and DNA B components) showed that a major part of genomes likely to be originated from already known begomoviruses (ToLCNDV, SLCCNV-CN and SLCCNV-IN) are infecting cucurbitaceous crops. Serological assays such as triple antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immune-sorbent (TAS-ELISA) assay, dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA), immuno-capture polymerase chain reaction (IC-PCR) were developed for the detection of SLCCNV. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02821-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- Division of Plant Pathology, CHES, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Chettalli, Madikeri District, Bangalore, Karnataka, 571248 India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 563125 India
| | - M Nandan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 563125 India
| | - Shridhar Hiremath
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 563125 India
| | - K V Ashwathappa
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| | - K S Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065 India
| | - H D Vinay Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 563125 India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, Karnataka 560089 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Venkataravanappa V, Ashwathappa KV, Reddy CNL, Shankarappa KS, Reddy MK. Characterization of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus associated with leaf curl and yellowing disease of Watermelon and development of LAMP assay for its detection. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:282. [PMID: 32550101 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by begomoviruses are becoming the major limiting factors for the production of watermelon in India. Survey for the incidence of plants showing symptoms typical to begomovirus infection was conducted in watermelon fields. The study revealed that 40% of the watermelon plants were showing the yellowing and downward curling symptoms. Twenty infected samples were collected from the different farmer's fields to know the association of begomoviruses. The PCR amplification using begomovirus-specific primers resulted in an expected 1.2 kb PCR product indicating the begomovirus association with the watermelon samples. The sequence comparison results of 1.2 kb representing partial genome revealed that all sequences obtained from watermelon samples have a nucleotide (nt) identity of more than 98% among them and are maximum homology with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). One watermelon sample (WM1) was selected for complete genome amplification using RCA method (rolling-circle amplification). Amplification of DNA B and no amplification of betasatellites and alphasatellite indicated this virus as bipartite. Sequence Demarcation Tool (SDT) analysis of the DNA A component of the WM1 isolate showed the maximum nt identity of 94.6-97.9% and 85.2-95.8% with ToLCNDV infecting cucurbits. The recombinant analysis showed that the genome was likely to be derived from the recombination of already reported begomoviruses (ToLCNDV, ToLCPalV, and MYMIV) infecting diverse crops. The whitefly cryptic species predominant in the begomovirus-infected watermelon fields were identified as Asia-II-5 group. The LAMP assay developed based on coat protein gene sequence was able to detect the ToLCNDV in the infected samples. Visual detection of the LAMP-amplified products was observed with the hydroxy naphthol blue. LAMP assay was also validated with ToLCNDV infected sponge gourd, spine gourd, ivy gourd, ridge gourd, and cucumber. This is the first report of ToLCNDV association with leaf curl and yellowing disease of watermelon from India and World based on complete genome sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Venkataravanappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
- Division of Plant Pathology, Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Chettalli, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, India
| | - K V Ashwathappa
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
| | - C N Lakshminarayana Reddy
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, 560065 Karnataka India
| | - K S Shankarappa
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Horticulture, Bangaluru, 560065 India
- University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka India
| | - M Krishna Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, 560089 Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khatun MF, Hwang HS, Shim JK, Kil EJ, Lee S, Lee KY. Identification of begomoviruses from different cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci in Bangladesh. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104069. [PMID: 32061918 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a global species complex consisting of at least 40 cryptic species. It is also a vector for at least 100 species of begomovirus, many of which cause severe crop damage. The relationship between begomoviruses and cryptic species of the B. tabaci species complex, however, remains unclear. Our previous study [13] was identified four cryptic species (Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10) of B. tabaci from Bangladesh. Using those 110 whitefly samples, vector-based PCR analysis identified 8 different begomovirus species: BYVMV, BGYVV, OELCV, SLCCV, SLCV, TbCSV, ToLCBV, and ToLCNDV. The overall rate of virus infection was 26.4%, and BYVMV and ToLCNDV were the most frequently detected in the B. tabaci vector. Virus infection rates for Asia I, Asia II 1, Asia II 5, and Asia II 10 were 22.4% (15/67), 35% (7/20), 27.3% (6/22), and 100% (1/1), respectively. Each cryptic species infected multiple virus species, but SLCCV, TbCSV, and BGYVV were each only detected in, Asia I, Asia II 1, and Asia II 5, respectively. This study demonstrates the geographic distribution of various begomoviruses in Bangladesh and their relationships with cryptic species of B. tabaci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mst Fatema Khatun
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hwal-Su Hwang
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Shim
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fiallo-Olivé E, Pan LL, Liu SS, Navas-Castillo J. Transmission of Begomoviruses and Other Whitefly-Borne Viruses: Dependence on the Vector Species. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:10-17. [PMID: 31544592 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0273-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses require a biological vector to spread from plant to plant in nature. Among biological vectors for plant viruses, hemipteroid insects are the most common, including phloem-feeding aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, planthoppers, and leafhoppers. A majority of the emerging diseases challenging agriculture worldwide are insect borne, with those transmitted by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) topping the list. Most damaging whitefly-transmitted viruses include begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), criniviruses (Closteroviridae), and torradoviruses (Secoviridae). Among the whitefly vectors, Bemisia tabaci, now recognized as a complex of cryptic species, is the most harmful in terms of virus transmission. Here, we review the available information on the differential transmission efficiency of begomoviruses and other whitefly-borne viruses by different species of whiteflies, including the cryptic species of the B. tabaci complex. In addition, we summarize the factors affecting transmission of viruses by whiteflies and point out some future research prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|