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Bouaicha O, Maver M, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Borruso L. Microplastic influences the ménage à trois among the plant, a fungal pathogen, and a plant growth-promoting fungal species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116518. [PMID: 38820874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) can influence a plethora of fungal species within the rhizosphere. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the direct impacts of MPs on soil fungi and their intricate interplay with plants. Here, we investigated the impact of polyethylene microspheres (PEMS) on the ecological interactions between Fusarium solani, a plant pathogenic fungus, and Trichoderma viride, a fungal plant growth promotor, within the rhizosphere of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Spores of F. solani and T. viride were pre-incubated with PEMS at two concentrations, 100 and 1000 mg L-1. Mycelium growth, sporulation, spore germination, and elongation were evaluated. Tomato seeds were exposed to fungal spore suspensions treated with PEMS, and plant development was subsequently assessed after 4 days. The results showed that PEMS significantly enhanced the sporulation (106.0 % and 70.1 %) but compromised the spore germination (up to 27.3 % and 32.2 %) and radial growth (up to -5.2% and -21.7 %) of F. solani and T. viride, respectively. Furthermore, the 100 and 1000 mg L-1 concentrations of PEMS significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the mycelium density of T. viride (9.74 % and 22.30 %, respectively), and impaired the germ-tube elongation of F. solani after 4 h (16.16 % and 11.85 %, respectively) and 8 h (4 % and 17.10 %, respectively). In addition, PEMS amplified the pathogenicity of F. solani and boosted the bio-enhancement effect of T. viride on tomato root growth. Further, PEMS enhanced the bio-fungicidal effect of T. viride toward F. solani (p<0.05). In summary, PEMS had varying effects on F. solani and T. viride, impacting their interactions and influencing their relationship with tomato plants. It intensified the beneficial effects of T. viride and increased the aggressiveness of F. solani. This study highlights concerns regarding the effects of MPs on fungal interactions in the rhizosphere, which are essential for crop soil colonization and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bouaicha
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Maver
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
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Reyes Castillo N, Díaz CE, Andres MF, Imperial J, Valcárcel F, González Coloma AA. Optimization of fungicidal and acaricidal metabolite production by endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:28. [PMID: 38647905 PMCID: PMC10992823 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 was isolated from the stems of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis and its extracts were found to have strong fungicidal effects against Botrytis cinerea and ixodicidal effects against Hyalomma lusitanicum at different fermentation times. In this study, the fungus was grown using three different culture media and two methodologies, Microparticulate Enhancement Cultivation (MPEC) and Semi-Solid-State Fermentation (Semi-SSF), to increase the production of secondary metabolites during submerged fermentation. The addition of an inert support to the culture medium (Semi-SSF) resulted in a significant increase in the extract production. However, when talcum powder was added to different culture media, unexpected results were observed, with a decrease in the production of the biocompounds of interest. Metabolomic analyses showed that the production of aspergillic, neoaspergillic, and neohydroxyaspergillic acids peaked in the first few days of fermentation, with notable differences observed among the methodologies and culture media. Mellein production was particularly affected by the addition of an inert support to the culture medium. These results highlight the importance of surface properties and morphology of spores and mycelia during fermentation by this fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Reyes Castillo
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Calle de Serrano 115B, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen E Díaz
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA) - CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez, 3, Tenerife, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - M Fe Andres
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Calle de Serrano 115B, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Valcárcel
- Grupo de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA-CSIC, Carretera de La Coruña, Km 5,9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Trabajo ESGARIBER, Sociedad Española de Parasitología,, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Azucena González Coloma
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Calle de Serrano 115B, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Correia J, Borges A, Simões M, Simões LC. Beyond Penicillin: The Potential of Filamentous Fungi for Drug Discovery in the Age of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1250. [PMID: 37627670 PMCID: PMC10451904 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are a staple in current medicine for the therapy of infectious diseases. However, their extensive use and misuse, combined with the high adaptability of bacteria, has dangerously increased the incidence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This makes the treatment of infections challenging, especially when MDR bacteria form biofilms. The most recent antibiotics entering the market have very similar modes of action to the existing ones, so bacteria rapidly catch up to those as well. As such, it is very important to adopt effective measures to avoid the development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria, but also to perform bioprospecting of new molecules from diverse sources to expand the arsenal of drugs that are available to fight these infectious bacteria. Filamentous fungi have a large and vastly unexplored secondary metabolome and are rich in bioactive molecules that can be potential novel antimicrobial drugs. Their production can be challenging, as the associated biosynthetic pathways may not be active under standard culture conditions. New techniques involving metabolic and genetic engineering can help boost antibiotic production. This study aims to review the bioprospection of fungi to produce new drugs to face the growing problem of MDR bacteria and biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Correia
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.B.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia C. Simões
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Effect of Microparticles on Fungal Fermentation for Fermentation-Based Product Productions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ranging from simple food ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals, value-added products via microbial fermentation have many advantages over their chemically synthesized alternatives. Some of such advantages are environment-friendly production pathways, more specificity in the case of enzymes as compared to the chemical catalysts and reduction of harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals or strong acids and bases. Fungal fermentation systems include yeast and filamentous fungal cells based on cell morphology and culture conditions. However, filamentous fungal fermentation has gained attention in the past few decades because of the diversity of microbial products and robust production of some of the most value-added commodities. This type of fungal fermentation is usually carried out by solid-state fermentation. However, solid-state fermentation poses problems during the scale-up for industrial production. Therefore, submerged fermentation for value-added products is usually preferred for scaling-up purposes. The main problem with submerged fungal fermentation is the formation of complex mycelial clumps or pellets. The formation of such pellets increases the viscosity of the media and hinders the efficient transfer of oxygen and nutrient resources in the liquid phase. The cells at the center of the clump or pellet start to die because of a shortage of resources and, thus, productivity decreases substantially. To overcome this problem, various morphological engineering techniques are being researched. One approach is the use of microparticles. Microparticles are inert particles with various size ranges that are used in fermentation. These microparticles are shown to have positive effects, such as high enzyme productivity or smaller pellets with fungal fermentation. Therefore, this review provides a background about the types of microparticles and summarizes some of the recent studies with special emphasis on the fungal morphology changes and microparticle types along with the applications of microparticles in filamentous fungal fermentations.
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Fungal morphology: a challenge in bioprocess engineering industries for product development. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sodhi AS, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Verma A, Soni S, Batra N. Insights on sustainable approaches for production and applications of value added products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131623. [PMID: 34346348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for the development of sustainable strategies to utilize and process agro-industrial residues paves new paths for exploring innovative approaches in this area. Biotechnology based microbial transformations provide efficient, low cost and sustainable approaches for the production of value added products. The use of organic rich residues opens new avenues for the production of enzymes, pigments, biofuels, bioactive compounds, biopolymers etc. with vast industrial and therapeutic applications. Innovative technologies like strain improvement, enzyme immobilization, genome editing, morphological engineering, ultrasound/supercritical fluid/pulse electric field extraction, etc. can be employed. These will be helpful in achieving significant improvement in qualitative and quantitative parameters of the finished products. The global trend for the valorisation of biowaste has boosted the commercialization of these products which has transformed the markets by providing new investment opportunities. The upstream processing of raw materials using microbes poses a limitation in terms of product development and recovery which can be overcome by modifying the bioreactor design, physiological parameters or employing alternate technologies which will be discussed in this review. The other problems related to the processes include product stability, industrial applicability and cost competitiveness which needs to be addressed. This review comprehensively discusses the recent progress, avenues and challenges in the approaches aimed at valorisation of agro-industrial wastes along with possible opportunities in the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinashi Singh Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Anoop Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sajeev Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
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Jatuwong K, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Lumyong S. Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32117182 PMCID: PMC7034034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the phospho-monoester bonds of phytates. Phytates are one of the major forms of phosphorus found in plant tissues. Fungi are mainly used for phytase production. The production of fungal phytases has been achieved under three different fermentation methods including solid-state, semi-solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Agricultural residues and other waste materials have been used as substrates for the evaluation of enzyme production in the fermentation process. Nutrients, physical conditions such as pH and temperature, and protease resistance are important factors for increasing phytase production. Fungal phytases are considered monomeric proteins and generally possess a molecular weight of between 14 and 353 kDa. Fungal phytases display a broad substrate specificity with optimal pH and temperature ranges between 1.3 and 8.0 and 37-67°C, respectively. The crystal structure of phytase has been studied in Aspergillus. Notably, thermostability engineering has been used to improve relevant enzyme properties. Furthermore, fungal phytases are widely used in food and animal feed additives to improve the efficiency of phosphorus intake and reduce the amount of phosphorus in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsana Jatuwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Ph.D. Degree Program in Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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Bajaj P, Mahajan R. Cellulase and xylanase synergism in industrial biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8711-8724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen X, Zhou J, Ding Q, Luo Q, Liu L. Morphology engineering ofAspergillus oryzaeforl‐malate production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2662-2673. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Qiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of EducationJiangnan University Wuxi China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation TechnologyJiangnan University Wuxi China
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