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Assefa AD, Kim SH, Ko HC, Ro N, Subramanian P, Chung YJ, Lee YH, Hahn BS, Rhee JH. Leaf Mustard ( Brassica juncea) Germplasm Resources Showed Diverse Characteristics in Agro-Morphological Traits and Glucosinolate Levels. Foods 2023; 12:4374. [PMID: 38231858 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf mustard, characterized by its purple/red/green leaves with a green/white midrib, is known for its thick, tender, and spicy leaves with a unique taste and flavor. There were only a few studies reported on leaf mustard for its morphological and biochemical traits from Korea. A total of 355 leaf mustard accessions stored at the GenBank of the National Agrobiodiversity Center were evaluated for 25 agro-morphological traits and seven intact glucosinolates (GSLs). The accessions showed a wide variation in terms of most of the traits. The quantitative agro-morphological traits varied from 16.0 (leaf length) to 48.7% (petiole width) of the coefficient of variation (CV). The highest variation was observed in glucoiberin (299.5%, CV), while the total GSL showed a CV of 66.1%. Sinigrin, followed by gluconapin and gluconasturtiin, was the most abundant GSL, accounting for as high as 75% of the total GSLs, while glucobrassicanapin and glucoiberin were the least abundant, contributing 0.7% and 0.1% on average, respectively. Sinigrin had a positive significant correlation with all GSLs but gluconasturtiin, while glucobarbarin and gluconasturtiin were highly positively correlated to each other, but least correlated with other GSLs. The leaf length was negatively correlated with sinigrin and glucoiberin. The width of the petiole showed a positive correlation with gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin, while the length of the petiole had a negative correlation with sinigrin, glucobrassicanapin, glucoiberin, glucobrassicin, and the total GSLs. A higher width of the midrib was associated with higher contents of gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, and glucobrassicin. A PCA analysis based on the agro-morphological traits showed that the first and second principal components accounted for 65.2% of the overall variability. Accessions that form a head tend to exhibit a longer leaf length, a larger plant weight, a thicker midrib, and higher widths of the midrib, petiole, and leaf. The GSLs showed inconsistent inter-and intra-leaf variation. Accessions that identified for various traits in their performance, such as, for example, Yeosu66 and IT259487 (highest total glucosinolates) and IT228984 (highest plant weight), would be promising lines for developing new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awraris Derbie Assefa
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan P.O. Box 445, Ethiopia
| | - Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Chul Ko
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ro
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyuk Lee
- Agricultural Technology Center of Yeosu, Yeosu 59633, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Rhee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
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Yeo HJ, Ki WY, Lee S, Kim CY, Kim JK, Park SU, Park CH. Metabolite profiles and biological activities of different phenotypes of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Food Res Int 2023; 174:113619. [PMID: 37981381 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage is considered as one of the most important cruciferous vegetables in South Korea because of its use in salads, kimchi, and Korean cuisine. Secondary metabolites were quantified in three Chinese cabbage varieties: 65065, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red cabbage exhibiting a deep purple color; 85772, interspecific hybrid of Chinese cabbage × red mustard exhibiting a reddish-purple color; and a typical Chinese green cabbage cultivar "CR Carotene" (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. CR Carotene). A total of 54 metabolites (2 amines, 2 sugar alcohols, 2 sugar phosphates, 6 carbohydrates, 18 amino acids, 13 organic acids, 8 phenolic compounds, and 3 carotenoids) were detected in 85772. Of them, 52 metabolites excluding β-carotene and 9-cis-β-carotene, and 51 metabolites excluding leucine, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, were detected in 65065 and CR Carotene, respectively. Amino acid content was the highest in 85772, followed by 65065 and CR Carotene. The cultivars 65065 and 85772 contained high levels of phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins. Cyanidin-, pelargonidin-, and petunidin-type anthocyanins were detected in 65065 and 85772. However, delphinidin-type anthocyanins which typically impart a deep purple color were identified only in the deep purple phenotype 65065. Furthermore, the total anthocyanin content was the highest in 85772 (4.38 ± 0.65 mg g -1 dry weight) followed by that in 65065 (3.72 ± 0.52 mg g-1 dry weight). Antibacterial and antioxidant analyses revealed remarkable antibacterial effects of the purple cultivars against pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus (KCTC 2471), Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KCCM 11803), Staphylococcus aureus (KCTC 3881), Chryseobacterium gleum (KCTC 2094), and Proteus mirabilis (KCTC 2510)] and methicillin-resistant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0826, 0225, 0254, 1113, 1378, 1731, p01827, and p01828) compared with the antibacterial effects of CR Carotene. Furthermore, 65065 and 85772 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity than that of the CR Carotene. Therefore, the novel purple Chinese cabbages (65065 and 85772), derived from interspecific hybridization, are potentially favorable alternatives to the typical green Chinese cabbage, given the higher content of amino acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, as well as an increased ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit pathogen growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeal Ki
- Kwonnong Seed Co., 186 Pungnyeon-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28394, Republic of Korea
| | - Seom Lee
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Major in Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Ibrahim RM, M. Eltanany B, Pont L, Benavente F, ElBanna SA, Otify AM. Unveiling the functional components and antivirulence activity of mustard leaves using an LC-MS/MS, molecular networking, and multivariate data analysis integrated approach. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112742. [PMID: 37120197 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have recently received increased attention as alternative sources of antimicrobial agents in the fight against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Non-targeted metabolomics liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, molecular networking, and chemometrics were used to evaluate the metabolic profiles of red and green leaves of two Brassica juncea (L.) varieties, var. integrifolia (IR and IG) and var. rugosa (RR and RG), as well as to establish a relationship between the elucidated chemical profiles and antivirulence activity. In total, 171 metabolites from different classes were annotated and principal component analysis revealed higher levels of phenolics and glucosinolates in var. integrifolia leaves and color discrimination, whereas fatty acids were enriched in var. rugosa, particularly trihydroxy octadecadienoic acid. All extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, presenting the IR leaves the highest antihemolytic activity against S. aureus (99 % inhibition), followed by RR (84 %), IG (82 %), and RG (37 %) leaves. Antivirulence of IR leaves was further validated by reduction in alpha-hemolysin gene transcription (∼4-fold). Using various multivariate data analyses, compounds positively correlated to bioactivity, primarily phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates, were also identified.
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Effects of Light-Emitting Diodes on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates in Brassica juncea Sprouts. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in light-emitting diode (LED) technology afford an excellent opportunity to investigate the relationship between different light sources and plant metabolites. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to determine the effect of different LED (white, blue, and red) treatments on the contents of glucosinolates (glucoiberin, gluconapin, sinigrin, gluconasturtiin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin) and phenolic compounds (4-hydroxybenzonate, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeate, gallate, sinapate, and quercetin) in Brassica juncea sprouts. The sprouts were grown in a growth chamber at 25 °C under irradiation with white, blue, or red LED with a flux rate of 90 μmol·m−2·s−1 and a long-day photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark cycle). Marked differences in desulfoglucosinolate contents were observed in response to treatment with different LEDs and different treatment durations. In addition, the highest total desulfoglucosinolate content was observed in response to white LED light treatment, followed by treatment with red LED light, and then blue LED light. Among the individual desulfoglucosinolates identified in the sprouts, sinigrin exhibited the highest content, which was observed after three weeks of white LED light treatment. The highest total phenolic contents were recorded after one week of white and blue LED light treatment, whereas blue LED irradiation increased the production of most of the phenolic compounds identified, including 4-hydroxybenzonate, gallate, sinapate, caffeate, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. The production of phenolics decreased gradually with increasing duration of LED light treatment, whereas anthocyanin accumulation showed a progressive increase during the treatment. These findings indicate that white LED light is appropriate for glucosinolate accumulation, whereas blue LED light is effective in increasing the production of phenolic compounds in B. juncea sprouts.
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Li M, Xie F, Li J, Sun B, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Wang X, Tang H. Tumorous Stem Development of Brassica Juncea: A Complex Regulatory Network of Stem Formation and Identification of Key Genes in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1006. [PMID: 32784853 PMCID: PMC7466272 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stem mustard is a stem variety of mustard, an important Brassica vegetable. The formation and development of the tumorous stem, which is the key organ for the direct yield and quality, is a complex biological process involving morphogenesis, material accumulation and gene regulation. In this study, we demonstrated through anatomical studies that stem swelling is mainly dependent on the increase in the number of cells and the volume of parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith. To further understand transcript and metabolic changes during stem swelling, we obtained 27,901 differentially expressed genes, of which 671 were specifically detected using transcriptome sequencing technology in all four stages of stem swelling. Functional annotation identified enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, cell growth, sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Glucosinolates are a group of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which largely exist in the Cruciferous vegetables. HPLC analysis of the contents and components of glucosinolates in four different stem development stages revealed eight glucosinolates, namely, three aliphatic glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucoalyssin and gluconapin), four indole glucosinolates (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin) and one aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). All these types of glucosinolates showed a significant downward trend during the stem swelling period. The content of aliphatic glucosinolates was the highest, with sinigrin being the main component. In addition, qPCR was used to validate the expression of nine genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Most of these genes were down-regulated during stem swelling in qPCR, which is consistent with transcriptome data. These data provide a basic resource for further molecular and genetic research on Brassica juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Fangjie Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jie Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (M.L.); (F.X.); (J.L.); (B.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (X.W.)
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Liu Y, Rossi M, Liang X, Zhang H, Zou L, Ong CN. An Integrated Metabolomics Study of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Different Brassicaceae Genera. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080313. [PMID: 32751925 PMCID: PMC7463649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of plant secondary metabolites that can be hydrolyzed into a variety of breakdown products such as isothiocyanates, thiocyanates, and nitriles. These breakdown products can facilitate plant defense and function as attractants to natural enemies of insect pests. As part of the diet, some of these compounds have shown cancer-preventing activities, and the levels of these metabolites in the edible parts of the plants are of interest. In this study, we systematically examined variations in glucosinolates, their precursors, and their breakdown products in 12 commonly consumed vegetables of the Brassicaceae family with gas chromatography—quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-Q-TOF/MS), liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-Q-TOF/MS), and liquid chromatography—triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-QQQ/MS), using both untargeted and targeted approaches. The findings were integrated with data from literature to provide a comprehensive map of pathways for biosynthesis of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates. The levels of precursor glucosinolates are found to correlate well with their downstream breakdown products. Further, the types and abundances of glucosinolates among different genera are significantly different, and these data allow the classification of plants based on morphological taxonomy. Further validation on three genera, which are grown underground, in damp soil, and above ground, suggests that each genus has its specific biosynthetic pathways and that there are variations in some common glucosinolate biosynthesis pathways. Our methods and results provide a good starting point for further investigations into specific aspects of glucosinolate metabolism in the Brassica vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Merja Rossi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xu Liang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Li Zou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; (M.R.); (L.Z.)
- National University of Singapore (NUS) Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (X.L.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Akram W, Saeed T, Ahmad A, Yasin NA, Akbar M, Khan WU, Ahmed S, Guo J, Luo W, Wu T, Li G. Liquiritin elicitation can increase the content of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1616-1624. [PMID: 31773731 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (Chinese kale) is an important vegetable grown in southern China. This study was aimed at searching for environmentally friendly and affordable approaches to increase the production of medicinally relevant glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. For this purpose, the foliar application of liquiritin at 0 (control), 250, 500 and 750 ppm was tested starting from the four-leaf stage and repeated every two weeks until plants were two months old. RESULTS Foliar application of liquiritin in Chinese kale plants significantly increased glucosinolates and total phenolic content, in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control plants, 2.3- and 1.9-fold increases in yields of glucosinolates and total phenolic content, respectively, were corroborated in Chinese kale plants treated with 750 ppm of liquiritin. Along with rises in the content of eight different glucosinolates, liquiritin elicitation effectively increased the concentration of glycosilated and acylated flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The expression of genes involved in glucosinolate and phenolic biosynthesis was significantly higher in liquiritin-treated plants as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Liquiritin elicitation is a feasible and environmentally friendly practice for increasing the production of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale, which may improve this plant's value as a nutraceutical food. This study also contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying liquiritin elicitation. This is the first report documenting the use of liquiritin for an elicitation purpose in plants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taiba Saeed
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasim A Yasin
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Waheed U Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Bertóti R, Böszörményi A, Alberti Á, Béni S, M-Hamvas M, Szőke É, Vasas G, Gonda S. Variability of Bioactive Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates and Enzyme Patterns in Horseradish Hairy Root Cultures Initiated from Different Organs. Molecules 2019; 24:E2828. [PMID: 31382520 PMCID: PMC6696319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseradish hairy root cultures are suitable plant tissue organs to study the glucosinolate-myrosinase-isothiocyanate system and also to produce the biologically active isothiocyanates and horseradish peroxidase, widely used in molecular biology. Fifty hairy root clones were isolated after Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection of surface sterilized Armoracia rusticana petioles and leaf blades, from which 21 were viable after antibiotic treatment. Biomass properties (e.g. dry weight %, daily growth index), glucosinolate content (analyzed by liquid chromatography-electronspray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS)), isothiocyanate and nitrile content (analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)), myrosinase (on-gel detection) and horseradish peroxidase enzyme patterns (on-gel detection and spectrophotometry), and morphological features were examined with multi-variable statistical analysis. In addition to the several positive and negative correlations, the most outstanding phenomenon was many parameters of the hairy root clones showed dependence on the organ of origin. Among others, the daily growth index, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, 3-phenylpropionitrile, indole-3-acetonitrile and horseradish peroxidase values showed significantly higher levels in horseradish hairy root cultures initiated from leaf blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Bertóti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Böszörményi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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