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Shams S, Naeem B, Ma L, Li R, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Yu H, Feng X, Qiu Y, Wu H, Wang L. Developing an Optimized Protocol for Regeneration and Transformation in Pepper. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1018. [PMID: 39202378 PMCID: PMC11353661 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsicum annuum L. is extensively cultivated in subtropical and temperate regions globally, respectively, when grown in a medium with 8 holding significant economic importance. Despite the availability of genome sequences and editing tools, gene editing in peppers is limited by the lack of a stable regeneration and transformation method. This study assessed regeneration and transformation protocols in seven chili pepper varieties, including CM334, Zunla-1, Zhongjiao6 (ZJ6), 0818, 0819, 297, and 348, in order to enhance genetic improvement efforts. Several explants, media compositions, and hormonal combinations were systematically evaluated to optimize the in vitro regeneration process across different chili pepper varieties. The optimal concentrations for shoot formation, shoot elongation, and rooting in regeneration experiments were determined as 5 mg/L of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 5 mg/L of silver nitrate (AgNO3), 0.5 mg/L of Gibberellic acid (GA3), and 1 mg/L of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), respectively. The highest regeneration rate of 41% was observed from CM334 cotyledon explants. Transformation optimization established 300 mg/L of cefotaxime for bacterial control, with a 72-h co-cultivation period at OD600 = 0.1. This study optimizes the protocols for chili pepper regeneration and transformation, thereby contributing to genetic improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsullah Shams
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Beenish Naeem
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya 572024, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhenghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yacong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xigang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinhui Qiu
- Sanming Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Zhuyuan Village, Qiujiang Street Office, Sha County, Sanming 365509, China
| | - Huamao Wu
- Sanya National Nanfan Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Lihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables & Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Bulle M, Venkatapuram AK, Abbagani S, Kirti PB. CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing of Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100380. [PMID: 38797550 PMCID: PMC11070243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
An effective CRISPR/Cas9 reagent delivery system has been developed in a commercially significant crop, the chilli pepper using a construct harboring two distinct gRNAs targeting exons 14 and 15 of the Phytoene desaturase (CaPDS) gene, whose loss-of-function mutation causes a photo-bleaching phenotype and impairs the biosynthesis of carotenoids. The construct carrying two sgRNAs was observed to create visible albino phenotypes in cotyledons regenerating on a medium containing 80 mg/L kanamycin, and plants regenerated therefrom after biolistic-mediated transfer of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into chilli pepper cells. Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing events, including kanamycin screening of mutants and assessing homozygosity using the T7 endonuclease assay (T7E1), revealed 62.5 % of transformed plants exhibited successful editing at the target region and displayed both albino and mosaic phenotypes. Interestingly, the sequence analysis showed that insertions and substitutions were present in all the plant lines in the targeted CaPDS region. The detected mutations were mostly 12- to 24-bp deletions that disrupted the exon-intron junction, along with base substitutions and the insertion of 1-bp at the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) region of the target site. The reduction in essential photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid) in knockout chilli pepper lines provided further evidence that the CaPDS gene had been functionally disrupted. In this present study, we report that the biolistic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 reagents into chilli peppers is very effective and produces multiple mutation events in a short span of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesham Bulle
- Agri Biotech Foundation, PJTS Agricultural University Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Venkatapuram
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sadanandam Abbagani
- Plant Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana 506 009, India
| | - P B Kirti
- Agri Biotech Foundation, PJTS Agricultural University Campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
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Bulle M, Devadasu E, Rampuria S, Subramanyam R, Kirti PB. Plastid-expressed AdDjSKI enhances photosystem II stability, delays leaf senescence, and increases fruit yield in tomato plants under heat stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14374. [PMID: 38837422 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress substantially reduces tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and yield globally, thereby jeopardizing food security. DnaJ proteins, constituents of the heat shock protein system, protect cells from diverse environmental stresses as HSP-70 molecular co-chaperones. In this study, we demonstrated that AdDjSKI, a serine-rich DnaJ III protein induced by pathogens, plays an important role in stabilizing photosystem II (PSII) in response to heat stress. Our results revealed that transplastomic tomato plants expressing the AdDjSKI gene exhibited increased levels of total soluble proteins, improved growth and chlorophyll content, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and diminished PSII photoinhibition under elevated temperatures when compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Intriguingly, these transplastomic plants maintained higher levels of D1 protein under elevated temperatures compared with the WT plants, suggesting that overexpression of AdDjSKI in plastids is crucial for PSII protection, likely due to its chaperone activity. Furthermore, the transplastomic plants displayed lower accumulation of superoxide radical (O2 •─) and H2O2, in comparison with the WT plants, plausibly attributed to higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. This also coincides with an enhanced expression of corresponding genes, including SlCuZnSOD, SlFeSOD, SlAPX2, and SltAPX, under heat stress. Taken together, our findings reveal that chloroplastic expression of AdDjSKI in tomatoes plays a critical role in fruit yield, primarily through a combination of delayed senescence and stabilizing PSII under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesham Bulle
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Elsinraju Devadasu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sakshi Rampuria
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Tanwar N, Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK, Bansal KC. Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1001-1018. [PMID: 35815847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sagar S Arya
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat, India
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Rascón-Cruz Q, González-Barriga CD, Iglesias-Figueroa BF, Trejo-Muñoz JC, Siqueiros-Cendón T, Sinagawa-García SR, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Espinoza-Sánchez EA. Plastid transformation: Advances and challenges for its implementation in agricultural crops. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Plastid Transformation: How Does it Work? Can it Be Applied to Crops? What Can it Offer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144854. [PMID: 32659946 PMCID: PMC7402345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from land plants and algae contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastid, and mitochondria. Although the most common approach for many plant species is the introduction of foreign DNA into the nucleus (nuclear transformation) via Agrobacterium- or biolistics-mediated delivery of transgenes, plastid transformation offers an alternative means for plant transformation. Since there are many copies of the chloroplast genome in each cell, higher levels of protein accumulation can often be achieved from transgenes inserted in the chloroplast genome compared to the nuclear genome. Chloroplasts are therefore becoming attractive hosts for the introduction of new agronomic traits, as well as for the biosynthesis of high-value pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and industrial enzymes. This review provides a comprehensive historical and biological perspective on plastid transformation, with a focus on current and emerging approaches such as the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as DNA delivery vehicles, overexpressing morphogenic regulators to enhance regeneration ability, applying genome editing techniques to accelerate double-stranded break formation, and reconsidering protoplasts as a viable material for plastid genome engineering, even in transformation-recalcitrant species.
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