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Sonwal S, Gupta VK, Shukla S, Umapathi R, Ghoreishian SM, Han S, Bajpai VK, Cho Y, Huh YS. Panoramic view of artificial fruit ripening agents sensing technologies and the exigency of developing smart, rapid, and portable detection devices: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103199. [PMID: 38909548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the availability of point-of-care sensor systems has led to the rapid development of smart and portable devices for the detection of hazardous analytes. The rapid flow of artificially ripened fruits into the market is associated with an elevated risk to human life, agriculture, and the ecosystem due to the use of artificial fruit ripening agents (AFRAs). Accordingly, there is a need for the development of "Point-of-care Sensors" to detect AFRAs due to several advantages, such as simple operation, promising detection mechanism, higher selectivity and sensitivity, compact, and portable. Traditional detection approaches are time-consuming and inappropriate for on-the-spot analyses. Presented comprehensive review aimed to reveal how such technology has systematically evolved over time (through conventional, advanced, and portable smart techniques) detection detect AFRA, till date. Moreover, focuses and highlights a framework of initiatives undertaken for technological advancements in the development of smart the portable detection techniques (kits) for the onsite detection of AFRAs in fruits with in-depth discussion over sensing mechanism and analytical performance of the sensing technology. Notably, colorimetric detection methods have the greatest potential for real-time monitoring of AFRA and its residues because they are easy to assemble, have a high level of selectivity and sensitivity, and can be read by the human eye independently. This study sought to differentiate between traditional credible strategies by presenting new prospects, perceptions, and challenges related to portable devices. This review provides systematic framework of advances in portable field recognition strategies for the on-spot AFRA detection in fruits and critical information for development of new paper-based portable sensors for fruit diagnostic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Sonwal
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Nanotechnology, North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), East Khasi Hills, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Reddicherla Umapathi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soobin Han
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of korea.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Jiao S, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Maryam B, Liu X. Microfluidic sensors for the detection of emerging contaminants in water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172734. [PMID: 38663621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous emerging contaminants have been identified in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. Developing novel sensing methods for detecting diverse emerging pollutants in water is urgently needed, as even at low concentrations, these pollutants can pose a serious threat to human health and environmental safety. Traditional testing methods are based on laboratory equipment, which is highly sensitive but complex to operate, costly, and not suitable for on-site monitoring. Microfluidic sensors offer several benefits, including rapid evaluation, minimal sample usage, accurate liquid manipulation, compact size, automation, and in-situ detection capabilities. They provide promising and efficient analytical tools for high-performance sensing platforms in monitoring emerging contaminants in water. In this paper, recent research advances in microfluidic sensors for the detection of emerging contaminants in water are reviewed. Initially, a concise overview is provided about the various substrate materials, corresponding microfabrication techniques, different driving forces, and commonly used detection techniques for microfluidic devices. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on microfluidic detection methods for endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, microplastics, and perfluorinated compounds. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of microfluidic sensors in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Shipu Jiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Bushra Maryam
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China.
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Malik S, Singh J, Saini K, Chaudhary V, Umar A, Ibrahim AA, Akbar S, Baskoutas S. Paper-based sensors: affordable, versatile, and emerging analyte detection platforms. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2777-2809. [PMID: 38639474 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based sensors, often referred to as paper-based analytical devices (PADs), stand as a transformative technology in the field of analytical chemistry. They offer an affordable, versatile, and accessible solution for diverse analyte detection. These sensors harness the unique properties of paper substrates to provide a cost-effective and adaptable platform for rapid analyte detection, spanning chemical species, biomolecules, and pathogens. This review highlights the key attributes that make paper-based sensors an attractive choice for analyte detection. PADs demonstrate their versatility by accommodating a wide range of analytes, from ions and gases to proteins, nucleic acids, and more, with customizable designs for specific applications. Their user-friendly operation and minimal infrastructure requirements suit point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and more. This review also explores various fabrication methods such as inkjet printing, wax printing, screen printing, dip coating, and photolithography. Incorporating nanomaterials and biorecognition elements promises even more sophisticated and sensitive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
| | - Kajal Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
| | - Vivek Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133203, Haryana, India.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
- STEM Pioneers Training Lab, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- STEM Pioneers Training Lab, Najran University, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Akbar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
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4
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Cao C, Guo W. Carbon dots-based fluorescent probe for the detection of imidacloprid residue in leafy vegetables. Food Chem 2024; 435:137578. [PMID: 37769560 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of leafy vegetables with excessive imidacloprid (IMI) can cause serious harm to the human body. To achieve rapid IMI detection, a carbon dots (CDs)-based fluorescent (FL) probe was hydrothermally prepared using O-phenylenediamine as the precursor. The morphology, particle size distribution, crystal structure, optics and chemical bond state of the as-prepared CDs were characterized. The mechanism of the CDs in detecting IMI was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the CDs' selectivity, stability, sensitivity, and actual sample recovery were tested. The CDs showed good selectivity, stability, and anti-interference ability. Under optimum conditions, there was a strong linear relationship between the FL intensity of the CDs and the IMI concentration in the range of 0.037-0.2 mg/L. The detection limit was 0.00187 mg/kg. The CDs were successfully applied to detect IMI in lettuce, cole, spinach, and pakchoi with spiked recoveries between 81.026% and 106.803% and a relative standard deviation between 0.001 and 0.027%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Cao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenchuan Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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5
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Aryal P, Hefner C, Martinez B, Henry CS. Microfluidics in environmental analysis: advancements, challenges, and future prospects for rapid and efficient monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1175-1206. [PMID: 38165815 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00871a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as advantageous tools for detecting environmental contaminants due to their portability, ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response capabilities. These devices have wide-ranging applications in environmental monitoring of air, water, and soil matrices, and have also been applied to agricultural monitoring. Although several previous reviews have explored microfluidic devices' utility, this paper presents an up-to-date account of the latest advancements in this field for environmental monitoring, looking back at the past five years. In this review, we discuss devices for prominent contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, nutrients, microorganisms, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), etc. We cover numerous detection methods (electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, etc.) and critically assess the current state of microfluidic devices for environmental monitoring, highlighting both their successes and limitations. Moreover, we propose potential strategies to mitigate these limitations and offer valuable insights into future research and development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Claire Hefner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Brandaise Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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6
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Moradi S, Firoozbakhtian A, Hosseini M, Karaman O, Kalikeri S, Raja GG, Karimi-Maleh H. Advancements in wearable technology for monitoring lactate levels using lactate oxidase enzyme and free enzyme as analytical approaches: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127577. [PMID: 37866568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is a metabolite that holds significant importance in human healthcare, biotechnology, and the food industry. The need for lactate monitoring has led to the development of various devices for measuring lactate concentration. Traditional laboratory methods, which involve extracting blood samples through invasive techniques such as needles, are costly, time-consuming, and require in-person sampling. To overcome these limitations, new technologies for lactate monitoring have emerged. Wearable biosensors are a promising approach that offers non-invasiveness, low cost, and short response times. They can be easily attached to the skin and provide continuous monitoring. In this review, we evaluate different types of wearable biosensors for lactate monitoring using lactate oxidase enzyme as biological recognition element and free enzyme systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moradi
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozbakhtian
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439817435, Iran; Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Onur Karaman
- Akdeniz University, Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Shankramma Kalikeri
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, School of Lifesciences, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru-570015, Karnataka, India
| | - G Ganesh Raja
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica-1000000, Chile
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhu Medical University, Quzhou Peoplés Hospital, PR China; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, PR China; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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7
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Kummari S, Panicker LR, Rao Bommi J, Karingula S, Sunil Kumar V, Mahato K, Goud KY. Trends in Paper-Based Sensing Devices for Clinical and Environmental Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040420. [PMID: 37185495 PMCID: PMC10135896 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental toxic pollutants and pathogens that enter the ecosystem are major global issues. Detection of these toxic chemicals/pollutants and the diagnosis of a disease is a first step in efficiently controlling their contamination and spread, respectively. Various analytical techniques are available to detect and determine toxic chemicals/pathogens, including liquid chromatography, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. However, these sensing strategies have some drawbacks such as tedious sample pretreatment and preparation, the requirement for skilled technicians, and dependence on large laboratory-based instruments. Alternatively, biosensors, especially paper-based sensors, could be used extensively and are a cost-effective alternative to conventional laboratory testing. They can improve accessibility to testing to identify chemicals and pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to its low cost, abundance, easy disposal (by incineration, for example) and biocompatible nature, paper is considered a versatile material for the development of environmentally friendly electrochemical/optical (bio) sensor devices. This review presents an overview of sensing platforms constructed from paper, pointing out the main merits and demerits of paper-based sensing systems, their fabrication techniques, and the different optical/electrochemical detection techniques that they exploit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekher Kummari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | - Lakshmi R Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sampath Karingula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India
| | - Venisheety Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science, Warangal 506015, Telangana, India
| | - Kuldeep Mahato
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kotagiri Yugender Goud
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
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Macagno J, Gerlero GS, Satuf ML, Berli CL. Field-deployable aptasensor with automated analysis of stain patterns for the detection of chlorpyrifos in water. Talanta 2023; 252:123782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Beshana S, Hussen A, Leta S, Kaneta T. Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Devices for the Detection of Carbamate Pesticides. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:344-351. [PMID: 35689692 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μ-PADs) are a new technology platform for the development of extremely low-cost sensing applications. In this study, μ-PADs has been developed for quantitative determination of carbamate pesticides. Key experimental parameters including concentration and volume of acetylcholinesterase, acetylthiocholine iodide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), incubation time and image capturing time were systematically optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method showed wide range of linearity (0.25-16 mg/L), repeatability (4%-5% RSD) and intermediate precision (7%-10% RSD). Limit of detection was observed to be 0.4, 0.24 and 0.46 mg/L for carbaryl, carbosulfan and furathiocarb, respectively. An acceptable mean recovery (87% to 94%) was observed for the three pesticides at 1 mg/L fortification level. The results reveal that the developed method requires minimal reagents, simple and is easy to handle. It can be used for the quantification of carbamate pesticides in resource limited laboratories without the need for the conventional analytical instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheleme Beshana
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Hussen
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Seyoum Leta
- Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box:1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushimanana, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in the water sample. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1359-1367. [PMID: 35908131 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µ-PAD) is a promising new technology platform for the development of extremely low-cost sensing devices. However, it has low sensitivity that might not enable to measure maximum allowable concentration of various pollutants in the environment. In this study, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed as a preconcentration method to enhance the sensitivity of the µ-PAD for trace analysis of selected pesticides. Four critical parameters (volume of n-hexane and acetone, extraction time, NaCl amount) that affect the efficiency of DLLME have been optimized using response surface methodology. An acceptable mean recovery of 79-97% and 83-93% was observed at 1 µg L-1 and 5 µg L-1 fortification level, respectively, with very good repeatability (2.2-6.01% RSD) and reproducibility (5.60-10.41% RSD). Very high enrichment factors ranging from 317 to 1471 were obtained. The limits of detection for the studied analytes were in the range of 0.18-0.41 µg L-1 which is much lower than the WHO limits of 5-50 µg L-1 for similar category of analytes. Therefore, by coupling DLLME with µ-PAD, a sensitivity that allows to detect environmental threat and also that surpassed most of the previous reports have been achieved in this study. This implies that the preconcentration step has a paramount contribution to address the sensitivity problem associated with µ-PAD.
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11
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Park H, Park J, Lee G, Kim W, Park J. Detection of Chlorpyrifos Using Bio-Inspired Silver Nanograss. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103454. [PMID: 35629481 PMCID: PMC9146306 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used as an organophosphorus insecticide; however, owing to developmental neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and other adverse effects, it is harmful not only to livestock but also to humans. Therefore, the use of CPF was recently regulated, and its sensitive detection is crucial, as it causes serious toxicity, even in the case of residual pesticides. Because it is hard to detect the chlorpyrifos directly using spectroscopy (especially in SERS) without chemical reagents, we aimed to develop a SERS platform that could detect the chlorpyrifos directly in the water. In this study, we utilized the intrinsic properties of natural lawns that grow randomly and intertwine with each other to have a large surface area to promote photosynthesis. To detect CPF sensitively, we facilitated the rapid fabrication of biomimetic Ag nanograss (Ag-NG) as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate using the electrochemical over-deposition method. The efficiency of the SERS method was confirmed through experiments and finite element method (FEM)-based electromagnetic simulations. In addition, the sensitive detection of CPF was enhanced by pretreatment optimization of the application of the SERS technique (limit of detection: 500 nM). The Ag-NG has potential as a SERS platform that could precisely detect organic compounds, as well as various toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Park
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Joohyung Park
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (W.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (W.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (H.P.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (W.K.); (J.P.)
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12
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Electrochemically mediated multi‐modal detection strategy‐driven sensor platform to detect and quantify pesticides. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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13
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Bordbar MM, Sheini A, Hashemi P, Hajian A, Bagheri H. Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:316. [PMID: 34562906 PMCID: PMC8464915 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast detection of trace amounts of hazardous contaminations can prevent serious damage to the environment. Paper-based sensors offer a new perspective on the world of analytical methods, overcoming previous limitations by fabricating a simple device with valuable benefits such as flexibility, biocompatibility, disposability, biodegradability, easy operation, large surface-to-volume ratio, and cost-effectiveness. Depending on the performance type, the device can be used to analyze the analyte in the liquid or vapor phase. For liquid samples, various structures (including a dipstick, as well as microfluidic and lateral flow) have been constructed. Paper-based 3D sensors are prepared by gluing and folding different layers of a piece of paper, being more user-friendly, due to the combination of several preparation methods, the integration of different sensor elements, and the connection between two methods of detection in a small set. Paper sensors can be used in chromatographic, electrochemical, and colorimetric processes, depending on the type of transducer. Additionally, in recent years, the applicability of these sensors has been investigated in various applications, such as food and water quality, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, and medical sciences. Here, we review the development (from 2010 to 2021) of paper methods in the field of the detection and determination of toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
| | - Azarmidokht Sheini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan 78986, Iran;
| | - Pegah Hashemi
- Research and Development Department, Farin Behbood Tashkhis Ltd., Tehran 16471, Iran;
| | - Ali Hajian
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19945, Iran;
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Bordbar MM, Nguyen TA, Arduini F, Bagheri H. A paper-based colorimetric sensor array for discrimination and simultaneous determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in tap water, apple juice, and rice. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:621. [PMID: 33084996 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A colorimetric paper-based sensor is proposed for the rapid monitoring of six major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides. The assay was constructed by dropping gold and silver nanoparticles on the hydrophilic zones of a paper substrate. The nanoparticles were modified by L-arginine, quercetin, and polyglutamic acid. The mechanism of sensing is based on the interaction between the pesticide and the nanoparticles. The color of nanoparticles changed during the interactions. A digital camera recorded these changes. The assay provided a unique response for each studied pesticide. This method can determine six individual pesticides including carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos. The limit of detection for these pesticides were 29.0, 22.0, 32.0, 17.0, 45.0, and 36.0 ng mL-1, respectively. The assay was applied to simultaneously determine the six studied pesticides in a mixture using the partial least square method (PLS). The root mean square errors of prediction were 11, 8.7, 9.2, 10, 12, and 11 for carbaryl, paraoxon, parathion, malathion, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. The paper-based device can differentiate two types of studied pesticide (organophosphate and carbamate) as well as two types of organophosphate structures (oxon and thion). Furthermore, this sensor showed high selectivity to the pesticides in the presence of other potential species (e.g., metal ions, anions, amino acids, sugar, and vitamins). This assay is capable of determining the pesticide compounds in tap water, apple juice, and rice samples.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Bordbar
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tien Anh Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Artabe AE, Cunha-Silva H, Barranco A. Enzymatic assays for the assessment of toxic effects of halogenated organic contaminants in water and food. A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111677. [PMID: 32810589 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are a particular group of contaminants consisting of a large number of substances, and of great concern due to their persistence in the environment, potential for bioaccumulation and toxicity. Some of these compounds have been classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under The Stockholm Convention and many toxicity assessments have been conducted on them previously. In this work we provide an overview of enzymatic assays used in these studies to establish toxic effects and dose-response relationships. Studies in vivo and in vitro have been considered with a particular emphasis on the impact of halogenated compounds on the activity of relevant enzymes to the humans and the environment. Most information available in the literature focuses on chlorinated compounds, but brominated and fluorinated molecules are also the target of increasing numbers of studies. The enzymes identified can be classified as enzymes: i) the activities of which are affected by the presence of halogenated organic compounds, and ii) those involved in their metabolisation/detoxification resulting in increased activities. In both cases the halogen substituent seems to have an important role in the effects observed. Finally, the use of these enzymes in biosensing tools for monitoring of halogenated compounds is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Ereño Artabe
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hugo Cunha-Silva
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barranco
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
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16
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Jang I, Carrão DB, Menger RF, Moraes de Oliveira AR, Henry CS. Pump-Free Microfluidic Rapid Mixer Combined with a Paper-Based Channel. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2230-2238. [PMID: 32583663 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Capillary forces are commonly employed to transport fluids in pump-free microfluidic platforms such as paper-based microfluidics. However, since paper is a porous material consisting of nonuniform cellulose fibers, it has some limitations in performing stable flow functions like mixing. Here, we developed a pump-free microfluidic device that enables rapid mixing by combining paper and plastic. The device was fabricated by laminating transparency film and double-sided adhesive and is composed of an overlapping inlet ending in a paper-based reaction area. The mixing performance of the developed device was confirmed experimentally using aqueous dyes and pH indicators. In addition, the absolute mixing index was evaluated by numerically calculating the concentration field across the microfluidic channels. To demonstrate the utility of the new approach, the detection of an organophosphate pesticide was carried out using a colorimetric enzymatic inhibition assay. The developed device and a smartphone application were used to detect organophosphate pesticide on food samples, demonstrating the potential for onsite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Daniel B. Carrão
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14090-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Ruth F. Menger
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Anderson R. Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14090-901, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT—DATREM), Unesp, Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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17
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Pengpumkiat S, Nammoonnoy J, Wongsakoonkan W, Konthonbut P, Kongtip P. A Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Type-II Pyrethroid Targets in an Environmental Water Sample. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154107. [PMID: 32718040 PMCID: PMC7435633 DOI: 10.3390/s20154107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detection method for type-II pyrethroids in an environmental water sample using a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is reported here. The detection approach is based on the formation of cyanide from the hydrolysis of type-II pyrethroids and the colorimetric detection of cyanide on a layer-based µPAD. Parafilm and inexpensive laminating pouches were used to create a hydrophobic barrier for the assay on the µPAD. This detection approach was selective to type-II pyrethroids in water for which an environmental water sample was tested. The calibration curves for cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, and fenvalerate ranged from 2 to 40 µg/mL without sample preconcentration. The lower concentrations of type-II pyrethroids can be assessed by including a preconcentration step prior to the detection on a µPAD. This detection system provides an alternative platform for fast, semiquantitative testing for pesticide contamination in environmental surface water by allowing for portability, low reagent/sample consumption, and low-cost testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Pengpumkiat
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.K.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-96-891-9531
| | - Jintana Nammoonnoy
- Chemical Metrology and Biometry Department, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Watcharaporn Wongsakoonkan
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Science and Technology, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Under the Royal Patronage, Pathumthani 13180, Thailand;
| | - Pajaree Konthonbut
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.K.); (P.K.)
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18
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Ozer T, McMahon C, Henry CS. Advances in Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:85-109. [PMID: 31986055 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are the newest generation of lab-on-a-chip devices and have made significant strides in both our understanding of fundamental behavior and performance characteristics and expansion of their applications. μPADs have become useful analytical techniques for environmental analysis in addition to their more common application as medical point-of-care devices. Although the most common method for device fabrication is wax printing, numerous other techniques exist and have helped address factors ranging from solvent compatibility to improved device function. This review highlights recent reports of fabrication and design, modes of detection, and broad applications of μPADs. Such advances have enabled μPADs to be used in field and laboratory studies to address critical needs in fast, cheaper measurement technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
| | - Catherine McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;
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19
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Narenderan ST, Meyyanathan SN, Babu B. Review of pesticide residue analysis in fruits and vegetables. Pre-treatment, extraction and detection techniques. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109141. [PMID: 32466907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of pesticides have been used in agriculture to increase the yield, quality and extend the storage life of crops. However, the use of pesticide has been increased now a day due to the ever-increasing population and rapid urbanization. The continuous uses of these pesticides have resulted in contamination of the environment, crops and also caused potential risk to human health. For this reason, strict regulations are developed and regulated to monitor these compounds. To date, several techniques have been developed for the extraction and detection of pesticides, from traditional to advanced detection techniques. The present study delineates a comprehensive up to date overview of the available traditional methods (gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with various detector) to advanced pre-treatment (polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticle) and detection (sensor development and nanotechnology) techniques used in the analysis of pesticides residue in various fruits and vegetables. Also, categorization of pesticides and its toxicity have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Sankar K, Lenisha D, Janaki G, Juliana J, Kumar RS, Selvi MC, Srinivasan G. Digital image-based quantification of chlorpyrifos in water samples using a lipase embedded paper based device. Talanta 2020; 208:120408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Tsagkaris AS, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J, Filippini D. A Hybrid Lab-on-a-Chip Injector System for Autonomous Carbofuran Screening. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5579. [PMID: 31861204 PMCID: PMC6960838 DOI: 10.3390/s19245579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Securing food safety standards is crucial to protect the population from health-threatening food contaminants. In the case of pesticide residues, reference procedures typically find less than 1% of tested samples being contaminated, thus indicating the necessity for new tools able to support smart and affordable prescreening. Here, we introduce a hybrid paper-lab-on-a-chip platform, which integrates on-demand injectors to perform multiple step protocols in a single disposable device. Simultaneous detection of enzymatic color response in sample and reference cells, using a regular smartphone, enabled semiquantitative detection of carbofuran, a neurotoxic and EU-banned carbamate pesticide, in a wide concentration range. The resulting evaluation procedure is generic and allows the rejection of spurious measurements based on their dynamic responses, and was effectively applied for the binary detection of carbofuran in apple extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis S Tsagkaris
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 6-Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Filippini
- Optical Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology-IFM, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Park B, Kang SM, Lee GW, Kwak CH, Rethinasabapathy M, Huh YS. Fabrication of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots/Cellulose-Based Colorimetric Sensor: Dual-Responsive On-Site Detection of Chloride and Iodide Ions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bumjun Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The Parker H Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Go-Woon Lee
- Platform Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hwan Kwak
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Muruganantham Rethinasabapathy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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23
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Park C, Kim HR, Kim SK, Jeong IK, Pyun JC, Park S. Three-Dimensional Paper-Based Microfluidic Analytical Devices Integrated with a Plasma Separation Membrane for the Detection of Biomarkers in Whole Blood. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36428-36434. [PMID: 31512861 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have recently attracted attention as a point-of-care test kit because of their low cost and nonrequirement for external forces. To directly detect biomarkers in whole blood, however, they need to be assembled with a filter such as a plasma separation membrane (PSM) because the color of the blood cells interferes with the colorimetric assay. However, this assembly process is rather complicated and cumbersome, and the fluid does not uniformly move to the detection zone when the adhesion between the paper and PSM is not perfect. In this study, we report a simple three-dimensional (3D) printing method for fabricating PSM-integrated 3D-μPADs made of plastics without the need for additional assembly. In detail, PSM was coated with parylene C to prevent its dissolution from organic solvent during 3D printing. Then, the coated PSM was superimposed on the paper. Detection zones and a reservoir were printed on the paper and PSM via liquid photopolymerization, using a digital light processing printer. The limit of detection of the PSM-integrated 3D-μPADs for glucose in whole blood was 0.3 mM, and these devices demonstrated clinically relevant performance on diabetes patient blood samples. Our 3D-μPADs can also simultaneously detect multiple metabolic disease markers including glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in whole blood. Our results suggest that our printing method is useful for fabricating 3D-μPADs integrated with PSM for the direct detection of biomarkers in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine , Ewha Womans University , Seoul 07985 , Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul 05278 , Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
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24
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Sulaiman NS, Rovina K, Joseph VM. Classification, extraction and current analytical approaches for detection of pesticides in various food products. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-019-01242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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