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Ghonjizade-Samani F, Haurie L, Malet R, Pérez M, Realinho V. Phosphorus-Based Flame-Retardant Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Copolymer with Enhanced Mechanical Properties by Combining Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Silicone Rubber and Ethylene Methyl Acrylate Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:923. [PMID: 38611181 PMCID: PMC11013094 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work proposes to investigate the effect of an ultrahigh molecular weight silicone rubber (UHMW-SR) and two ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers (EMA) with different methyl acrylate (MA) content on the mechanical and fire performance of a fireproof acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) composite, with an optimum amount of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethyl phosphinate (AlPi). ABS formulations with a global flame retardant weight content of 20 wt.% (ABS P) were melt-compounded, with and without EMA and UHMW-SR, in a Brabender mixer. During this batch process, ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR and/or EMA registered lower torque values than those of ABS P. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was possible to observe that all ABS composites exhibited a homogenous structure without phase separation or particle agglomeration. Slightly improved interfacial interaction between the well-dispersed flame-retardant particles in the presence of EMA and/or UHMW-SR was also noticed. Furthermore, synergies in mechanical properties by adding both EMA and UHMW-SR into ABS P were ascertained. An enhancement of molecular mobility that contributed to the softening of ABS P was observed under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). An improvement of its flexibility, ductility and toughness were also registered under three-point-bending trials, and even more remarkable synergies were noticed in Charpy notched impact strength. Particularly, a 212% increase was achieved when 5 wt.% of EMA with 29 wt.% of MA and 2 wt.% of UHMW-SR in ABS P (ABS E29 S P) were added. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of EMA copolymers in ABS P formulations did not interfere with its thermal decomposition, whereas UHMW-SR presence decreased its thermal stability at the beginning of the decomposition. Although the addition of EMA or UHMW-SR, as well as the combination of both in ABS P increased the pHRR in cone calorimetry, UL 94 V-0 classification was maintained for all flame-retarded ABS composites. In addition, through SEM analysis of cone calorimetry sample residue, a more cohesive surface char layer, with Si-O-C network formation confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), was shown in ABS P formulations with UHMW-SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Ghonjizade-Samani
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Laia Haurie
- GICITED Group, Department of Architectural Technology, Escola Politècnica Superior d'Edificació de Barcelona (EPSEB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), Av. Dr. Marañon 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramón Malet
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pérez
- Elix Polymers, Polígono Industrial, Ctra. de Vilaseca—La Pineda s/n, 43110 Tarragona, Spain; (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Vera Realinho
- Poly2 Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Escola Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial, Aeroespacial i Audiovisual de Terrassa (ESEIAAT), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC BarcelonaTech), C/ de Colom, 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
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Guo Y, Rong H, Chen Z, Chen T, Yu Y, Zhang X, Chu Y, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. A novel DOPO derivative containing multifunctional groups aiming to improve fire safety, thermal stability and curing state towards epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Synthesis of a novel DOPO-substituted charring agent containing triazine for reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Han Y, Jin L, Xu T, Zhao H, Wang X, Yuan L, Chen L. A novel phosphorus compound acting as a substitute of
DOPO
for flame retard of epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lailai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi China
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Yang X, Wang H, Liu X, Liu J. Synthesis of a novel aluminium salt of nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate with high char formation to flame retard acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200800. [PMID: 33047044 PMCID: PMC7540785 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate salt-aluminium β-(p-nitrobenzamide) ethyl methyl phosphinate (AlNP) was synthesized and used to flame retard acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) were applied to characterize the structure and composition of products. The flame retardancy performance, thermal properties and mechanical strength of the ABS/AlNP with respect to AlNP loading were investigated. AlNP was stable before 330°C and decomposed very slowly with residues high up to 56.1% at 700°C. Adding 25-30 wt% of AlNP alone can make ABS to pass V0 rating in the vertical burning tests (UL 94). The results according to the micro combustion calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis showed that AlNP can depress the heating release and retard the thermal degradation of the ABS. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the residues from LOI test indicated that AlNP formed the condensed and tough residues layer during combustion; XRF analysis showed that the residues contained phosphorus and aluminium element and nitrogen element was not detected. The compact phosphorus/aluminium-rich substance acted as a barrier to enhance flame-retardant properties of the ABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Institute of Noise and Vibration, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-innovation Center of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-innovation Center of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-innovation Center of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, People's Republic of China
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Jin S, Liu Z, Qian L, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Xu B. Epoxy thermoset with enhanced flame retardancy and physical-mechanical properties based on reactive phosphaphenanthrene compound. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Xiao T. The Preparation, Thermal Properties, and Fire Property of a Phosphorus-Containing Flame-Retardant Styrene Copolymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E127. [PMID: 31892108 PMCID: PMC6981446 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) acrylate, (6-oxidodibenzo [c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinin-6-yl) methyl acrylate (DOPOAA), has been prepared. Copolymers of styrene (St) and DOPOAA were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The chemical structures of copolymers containing levels of DOPOAA were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties and flame-retardant behaviors of DOPO-containing monomers and copolymers were observed using thermogravimetric analysis and micro calorimetry tests. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found out that the T5% for decomposition of the copolymer was lower than that of polystyrene (PS), but the residue at 700 °C was higher than that of PS. The results from micro calorimetry (MCC) tests indicated that the rate for the heat release of the copolymer combustion was lower than that for PS. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) for combustion of the copolymer rose with increasing levels of DOPOAA. These data indicate that copolymerization of the phosphorus-containing flame-retardant monomer, DOPOAA, into a PS segment can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame retardancy of the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.)
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composition Material, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Tianyuan Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
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Qiu Y, Qian L, Feng H, Jin S, Hao J. Toughening Effect and Flame-Retardant Behaviors of Phosphaphenanthrene/Phenylsiloxane Bigroup Macromolecules in Epoxy Thermoset. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiu
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers, School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers, School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Feng
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers, School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Shanglin Jin
- Engineering Laboratory of non-halogen flame retardants for polymers, School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Laboratory of Flame Retardant Materials, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Shi X, Jiang S, Hu Y, Peng X, Yang H, Qian X. Phosphorylated chitosan-cobalt complex: A novel green flame retardant for polylactic acid. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230027 China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400044 China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- Key Lab Firefighting & Rescuing Technology, Ministry of Public Security; Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy; Xichang Road 220 Langfang City Hebei Province 065000 China
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Li Y, Liu K, Xiao R. Preparation and characterization of flame-retarded polyamide 66 with melamine cyanurate by in situ polymerization. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Šehić A, Tomšič B, Jerman I, Vasiljević J, Medved J, Simončič B. Synergistic inhibitory action of P- and Si-containing precursors in sol–gel coatings on the thermal degradation of polyamide 6. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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