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Choi YY, Jang MJ, Park BD, Um IC. Fabrication, Structure, and Properties of Nonwoven Silk Fabrics Prepared with Different Cocoon Layers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11485. [PMID: 37511244 PMCID: PMC10380708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, five different nonwoven silk fabrics were fabricated with silk fibers from different cocoon layers, and the effect of the cocoon layer on the structural characteristics and properties of the nonwoven silk fabric was examined. The diameter of the silk fiber and thickness of the nonwoven silk fabric decreased from the outer to the inner cocoon layer. More amino acids with higher hydrophilicity (serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid) and lower hydrophilicity (glycine and alanine) were observed in the outer layers. From the outer to the inner layer, the overall crystallinity and contact angle of the nonwoven silk fabric increased, whereas its yellowness index, moisture retention, and mechanical properties decreased. Regardless of the cocoon layer at which the fiber was sourced, the thermal stability of fibroin and sericin and good cell viability remained unchanged. The results of this study indicate that the properties of nonwoven silk fabric can be controlled by choosing silk fibers from the appropriate cocoon layers. Moreover, the findings in this study will increase the applicability of nonwoven silk fabric in the biomedical and cosmetic fields, which require specific properties for industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yeong Choi
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Jang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Yi S, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang M, Zheng S, Yang X, Duan L, Reis RL, Dai F, Kundu SC, Xiao B. Flat Silk Cocoon-Based Dressing: Daylight-Driven Rechargeable Antibacterial Membranes Accelerate Infected Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201397. [PMID: 35996858 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of death globally, especially in underdeveloped countries, is bacterial infection. Recently, the prevalence of infections from antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been increasing, which makes the need for innovative antibacterial wound dressings urgent. It is reported that g-C3 N4 -based flat silk cocoons (FSCs) with rechargeable antibacterial activity can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under daylight irradiation. The photoactive FSCs store the ROS and then release them in the dark. The engineered FSCs exhibit integrated properties of good biocompatibility, strong mechanical characteristics, robust photoactivity with photostorability, and excellent bactericidal efficiency (99.9% contact killing). In a rat model of infected wounds, the photoactive FSCs induce faster healing and reduce bacterial infections. The successful application of these FSC materials as wound dressings may provide a versatile platform for exploring the use of green photoactive antibacterial materials for accelerated wound healing and prevention of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimaraes, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimaraes, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
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Finding the Perfect Membrane: Current Knowledge on Barrier Membranes in Regenerative Procedures: A Descriptive Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) became common procedures in the corrective phase of periodontal treatment. In order to obtain good quality tissue neo-formation, most techniques require the use of a membrane that will act as a barrier, having as a main purpose the blocking of cell invasion from the gingival epithelium and connective tissue into the newly formed bone structure. Different techniques and materials have been developed, aiming to obtain the perfect barrier membrane. The membranes can be divided according to the biodegradability of the base material into absorbable membranes and non-absorbable membranes. The use of absorbable membranes is extremely widespread due to their advantages, but in clinical situations of significant tissue loss, the use of non-absorbable membranes is often still preferred. This descriptive review presents a synthesis of the types of barrier membranes available and their characteristics, as well as future trends in the development of barrier membranes along with some allergological aspects of membrane use.
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Solomon SM, Sufaru IG, Teslaru S, Ghiciuc CM, Stafie CS. Finding the Perfect Membrane: Current Knowledge on Barrier Membranes in Regenerative Procedures: A Descriptive Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) became common procedures in the corrective phase of periodontal treatment. In order to obtain good quality tissue neo-formation, most techniques require the use of a membrane that will act as a barrier, having as a main purpose the blocking of cell invasion from the gingival epithelium and connective tissue into the newly formed bone structure. Different techniques and materials have been developed, aiming to obtain the perfect barrier membrane. The membranes can be divided according to the biodegradability of the base material into absorbable membranes and non-absorbable membranes. The use of absorbable membranes is extremely widespread due to their advantages, but in clinical situations of significant tissue loss, the use of non-absorbable membranes is often still preferred. This descriptive review presents a synthesis of the types of barrier membranes available and their characteristics, as well as future trends in the development of barrier membranes along with some allergological aspects of membrane use.
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Jo YY, Kweon H, Kim DW, Baek K, Chae WS, Kang YJ, Oh JH, Kim SG, Garagiola U. Silk sericin application increases bone morphogenic protein-2/4 expression via a toll-like receptor-mediated pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:607-617. [PMID: 34508721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) is an osteoinductive protein that accelerates osteogenesis when administered to bony defects. Sericin is produced by silkworms, and has a biological activity that differs depending on the degumming method used. Our results indicated that the high molecular weight fraction of silk sericin (MW > 30 kDa) obtained via sonication had a more abundant β-sheet structure than the low molecular weight fraction. Administration of the β-sheet structure silk sericin increased BMP-2/4 expression in a dose-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells and human monocytes. This sericin increased the expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-3, and TLR-4 in RAW264.7 cells. Application of a TLR-2 antibody or TLR pathway blocker decreased BMP-2/4 expression following sericin administration. In the animal model, the bone volume and BMP-2/4 expression were higher in rats treated with a sericin-incorporated gelatin sponge than in rats treated with a gelatin sponge alone or a sponge-incorporated with denatured sericin. In conclusion, sericin with a more abundant β-sheet structure increased BMP-2/4 expression and bone formation better than sericin with a less abundant β-sheet structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - HaeYong Kweon
- Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Gangwondo, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yei-Jin Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Biomedical, Surgical and Oral Sciences Department, Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Zhao R, Yang R, Cooper PR, Khurshid Z, Shavandi A, Ratnayake J. Bone Grafts and Substitutes in Dentistry: A Review of Current Trends and Developments. Molecules 2021; 26:3007. [PMID: 34070157 PMCID: PMC8158510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
After tooth loss, bone resorption is irreversible, leaving the area without adequate bone volume for successful implant treatment. Bone grafting is the only solution to reverse dental bone loss and is a well-accepted procedure required in one in every four dental implants. Research and development in materials, design and fabrication technologies have expanded over the years to achieve successful and long-lasting dental implants for tooth substitution. This review will critically present the various dental bone graft and substitute materials that have been used to achieve a successful dental implant. The article also reviews the properties of dental bone grafts and various dental bone substitutes that have been studied or are currently available commercially. The various classifications of bone grafts and substitutes, including natural and synthetic materials, are critically presented, and available commercial products in each category are discussed. Different bone substitute materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, or their combinations, and their chemical, physical, and biocompatibility properties are explored. Limitations of the available materials are presented, and areas which require further research and development are highlighted. Tissue engineering hybrid constructions with enhanced bone regeneration ability, such as cell-based or growth factor-based bone substitutes, are discussed as an emerging area of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusin Zhao
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Ruijia Yang
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Paul R. Cooper
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter Unit—École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50—CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jithendra Ratnayake
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (R.Z.); (R.Y.); (P.R.C.)
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Kim JW, Jo YY, Kim JY, Oh JH, Yang BE, Kim SG. Retrospective comparative clinical study for silk mat application into extraction socket. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 41:16. [PMID: 31058105 PMCID: PMC6459888 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-019-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silk mats have been approved for clinical trials by the Korean Food and Drug Administration as membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). In this study, silk mat application was compared to high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane application or no membrane group. Methods To compare the silk mat group to the dPTFE group or the no membrane group, a retrospective sample collection was conducted. Bony defects were measured at the time of extraction (T0) and then at 3 months (T1) and 6 months after extraction (T2) on a digital panoramic view. Bone gain (BG) was calculated by subtracting from the bony defect at T0 to the bony defect at each follow-up. Results The BG at T2 was 2.44 ± 2.49 mm, 4.18 ± 1.80 mm, and 4.24 ± 2.05 mm in the no membrane group, silk mat group, and dPTFE group, respectively. Both membrane groups had significantly higher BG than BG in the no membrane group at T2 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both membrane groups showed higher BG than the no membrane group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, 14068 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Young Jo
- 2Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Jwa-Young Kim
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, 07441 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Oh
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Eun Yang
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Anyang, 14068 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644 Republic of Korea
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Clinical Study for Silk Mat Application into Extraction Socket: A Split-Mouth, Randomized Clinical Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silk mat originates from the cocoon of the silkworm and is prepared by a simple method. The material has been used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) in animal models. In this study, the silk mat used for a clinical application was compared with a commercially available membrane for GBR. A prospective split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was conducted with 25 patients who had bilaterally impacted lower third molars. High-density polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane or silk mat was applied in the extraction socket randomly. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bone gain (BG) were measured at the time of extraction (T0) and then at three months (T1) and six months after extraction (T2). There was no missing case. GBR with silk mat was non-inferior to GBR with dPTFE for PD reduction at T1 and T2 (pnon-inferiority < 0.001). PD and CAL were significantly decreased at T1 and T2 when compared with those at T0 in both membrane groups (p < 0.001). BG at T2 was 3.61 ± 3.33 mm and 3.56 ± 3.30 mm in the silk mat group and dPTFE group, respectively. There was no significant complication from the use of silk mat for the patients. The results for patients undergoing GBR with silk mat for third-molar surgery were non-inferior to GBR with dPTFE for PD reduction.
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Angioplasty Using 4-Hexylresorcinol-Incorporated Silk Vascular Patch in Rat Carotid Defect Model. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR)-incorporated silk as a vascular patch scaffold to that of the commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) vascular patch (GORE® ACUSEAL). The expression of the vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) after application of 4-HR was studied in RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells. In the animal study, a carotid artery defect was modeled in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30). The defect was directly closed in the control group (n = 10), or repaired with the PTFE or 4-HR silk patch in the experimental groups (n = 10 per group). Following patch angioplasty, angiography was performed and the peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured to evaluate the artery patency. The application of 4-HR was shown to increase the expression of VEGF-A in RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells. The successful artery patency rate was 80% for the 4-HR silk group, 30% for the PTFE group, and 60% for the control group. The PSV of the 4-HR silk group was significantly different from that of the control group at one week and three weeks post-angioplasty (p = 0.005 and 0.024). Histological examination revealed new regeneration of the arterial wall, and that the arterial diameter was well maintained in the 4-HR silk group in the absence of an immune reaction. In contrast, an overgrowth of endothelium was observed in the PTFE group. In this study, the 4-HR silk patch was successfully used as a vascular patch, and achieved a higher vessel patency rate and lower PSV than the PTFE patch.
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Abstract
Silk derived from the silkworm is known for its excellent biological and mechanical properties. It has been used in various fields as a biomaterial, especially in bone tissue engineering scaffolding. Recently, silk protein-based biomaterial has been used as a barrier membrane scaffolding for guided bone regeneration (GBR). GBR promotes bone regeneration in bone defect areas using special barrier membranes. GBR membranes should have biocompatibility, biodegradability, cell occlusion, the mechanical properties of space-making, and easy clinical handling. Silk-based biomaterial has excellent biologic and mechanical properties that make it a good candidate to be used as GBR membranes. Recently, various forms of silk protein-based membranes have been introduced, demonstrating excellent bone regeneration ability, including osteogenic cell proliferation and osteogenic gene expression, and promoting new bone regeneration in vivo. In this article, we introduced the characteristics of silk protein as bone tissue engineering scaffolding and the recent application of such silk material as a GBR membrane. We also suggested future studies exploring additional uses of silk-based materials as GBR membranes.
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Kim JW, Jo YY, Kweon HY, Kim DW, Kim SG. The effects of proteins released from silk mat layers on macrophages. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 40:10. [PMID: 29872647 PMCID: PMC5968019 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-018-0149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in gene expression after incubation of cells with proteins released from different silk mat layers. Methods A silk cocoon from Bombyx mori was separated into four layers of equal thickness. The layers were numbered from 1 to 4 (from the inner to the outer layer). The proteins were released by sonication of a silk mat layer in normal saline. The concentration of proteins was determined by spectrophotometry. They were incubated with RAW264.7 cells, and changes in the expression of genes were evaluated by cDNA microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Layer 1 and 4 groups had higher protein concentrations compared to those in layer 2 and 3 groups. The genes associated with inflammation and angiogenesis showed significantly higher expression in layer 1 and 4 groups. The results of qRT-PCR were in agreement with those of the cDNA microarray analysis. Conclusions The silk mat from the middle portion of the silkworm cocoon yielded a lower protein release and caused an insignificant change in the expression of genes that are associated with inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Kim
- 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Jukheon gil 7, Gangneung, Gangwondo 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Young Jo
- 2Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yong Kweon
- 2Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju-gun, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- 3Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- 4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457 Republic of Korea
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Jo YY, Kweon H, Kim DW, Baek K, Kim MK, Kim SG, Chae WS, Choi JY, Rotaru H. Bone regeneration is associated with the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α induced by sericin released from a silk mat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15589. [PMID: 29138464 PMCID: PMC5686134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the osteogenic effect of the middle layer of the silk cocoon, sericin was examined for its cellular effects associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling in this study. The fragmented sericin proteins in the silk mat were evaluated for the TNF-α expression level in murine macrophages. The concentration of protein released from silk mats was higher in the outermost and the innermost layers than in the middle layers, and the protein released from the silk mat was identified as sericin. The level of TNF-α in murine macrophages was dependent on the applied concentration of sericin, and the expression of genes associated with osteogenesis in osteoblast-like cells was dependent on the applied concentration of TNF-α. In animal experiments, silk mats from the middle layers led to a higher regenerated bone volume than silk mats from the innermost layer or the outermost layer. If TNF-α protein was incorporated into the silk mats from the middle layers, bone regeneration was suppressed compared with unloaded silk mats from the middle layers. Accordingly, silk mats from the silk cocoon can be considered to be a fragmented sericin-secreting carrier, and the level of sericin secretion is associated with TNF-α induction and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Young Jo
- Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - HaeYong Kweon
- Sericultural and Apicultural Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Keun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weon-Sik Chae
- Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea.
| | - Horatiu Rotaru
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 400001, Romania
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