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Daduwal HS, Bhardwaj R, Srivastava RK. Pearl millet a promising fodder crop for changing climate: a review. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:169. [PMID: 38913173 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural sector faces colossal challenges amid environmental changes and a burgeoning human population. In this context, crops must adapt to evolving climatic conditions while meeting increasing production demands. The dairy industry is anticipated to hold the highest value in the agriculture sector in future. The rise in the livestock population is expected to result in an increased demand for fodder feed. Consequently, it is crucial to seek alternative options, as crops demand fewer resources and are resilient to climate change. Pearl millet offers an apposite key to these bottlenecks, as it is a promising climate resilience crop with significantly low energy, water and carbon footprints compared to other crops. Numerous studies have explored its potential as a fodder crop, revealing promising performance. Despite its capabilities, pearl millet has often been overlooked. To date, few efforts have been made to document molecular aspects of fodder-related traits. However, several QTLs and candidate genes related to forage quality have been identified in other fodder crops, which can be harnessed to enhance the forage quality of pearl millet. Lately, excellent genomic resources have been developed in pearl millet allowing deployment of cutting-edge genomics-assisted breeding for achieving a higher rate of genetic gains. This review would facilitate a deeper understanding of various aspects of fodder pearl millet in retrospect along with the future challenges and their solution. This knowledge may pave the way for designing efficient breeding strategies in pearl millet thereby supporting sustainable agriculture and livestock production in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Singh Daduwal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Ruchika Bhardwaj
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India.
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Narayanrao DR, Tomar RS, Sm P, Jasminkumar K, Ashish G, Chauhan NM, Singh SC, Upadhye V, Kuddus M, Kamble L, Hajare ST. De novo transcriptome sequencing of drought tolerance-associated genes in little millet (Panicum sumatrense L.). Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:303. [PMID: 37723408 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The genome size of the little millet Panicum sumatrense is unknown, although its genome is fairly diploid (2n = 4x = 36). Despite tremendous nutritional value and adaptability to adverse climatic conditions, P. sumatrense use was limited by their low palatability, coarse grain, and lack of variety of culinary preparations. Hence, understanding how to vary their usage to offer food and nutritional security in the continuously changing modern world, the proposed study was aimed to determine potential genes and metabolites implicated in drought resistance. The drought-resistant genotype of tiny millet OLM-203/Tarini was offered in pots under both relaxed and demanding circumstances. The experimental seedlings were 32 days old and had been under water stress for 23 days. A total of 7606 genes were compared between 23 and 32 days for roots and 7264 total genes were compared between 23 and 32 days for leaves, according to a research on differential expression genes (DEGs). Twenty essential genes for drought tolerance were up-or down-regulated in the control and treated roots of the OLM-203 genotype. For instance, the genes RS193 and XB34 were up-regulated in leaves while, WLIM1 was found to be down-regulated. Gene SKI35 was up-regulated in roots, whereas MPK6 and TCMOp1 were down-regulated in root samples. The roots and leaves of the tiny millet OLM-203 genotype expressed 36 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated serine transcripts, respectively. Gene annotations for leaf samples were classified as having "molecular function" (46%), "cellular component" (19%), and "biological process" (35%), while root sample gene annotations were categorized as having "biological process" (573 contigs), "molecular function" (401 contigs), and "cellular components" (166 contigs). Noteworthy, polyamines play a crucial role in drought stress tolerance in the genotype, and it was found that top ten DEGs encoding for polyamines were common in two tissues (leaf and root). Collectively, transcriptomics profiling (RNA-seq) unveiled transcriptional stability drought stress provide a new insight in underlying modus of operandi in little millet genotype "OLM-203/Tarini" in response to heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Padhiyar Sm
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Kheni Jasminkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, 362001, Gujarat, India
| | - Gulwe Ashish
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sub Campus Latur, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, India
| | - Nitin Mahendra Chauhan
- ILRI and College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Vijay Upadhye
- Research and Development Cell (RDC), Parul Institute of Applied Sciences (PIAS), Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Mohammed Kuddus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Laxmikant Kamble
- Deputy Director and Associate Professor (CD4D), Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathawada University, Nanded, India
| | - Sunil Tulshiram Hajare
- ILRI and College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Dilla University, 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
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Shekhar S, Prasad AS, Banjare K, Kaushik A, Mannade AK, Dubey M, Patil A, Premi V, Vishwakarma AK, Sao A, Saxena RR, Dubey A, Chandel G. LMT db: A comprehensive transcriptome database for climate-resilient, nutritionally rich little millet ( Panicum sumatrense). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1106104. [PMID: 36993866 PMCID: PMC10041709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) a native of Chhattisgarh, belongs to the minor millet group and is primarily known as a climate-resilient and nutritionally rich crop. However, due to the lack of enough Omic studies on the crop, the scientific community has largely remained unaware of the potential of this crop, resulting in less scope for its utilization in crop improvement programs. Looking at global warming, erratic climate change, nutritional security, and limited genetic information available, the Little Millet Transcriptome Database (LMTdb) (https://igkv.ac.in/xenom/index.aspx) was conceptualized upon completion of the transcriptome sequencing of little millet with the aim of deciphering the genetic signatures of this largely unknown crop. The database was developed with the view of providing information about the most comprehensive part of the genome, the 'Transcriptome'. The database includes transcriptome sequence information, functional annotation, microsatellite markers, DEGs, and pathway information. The database is a freely available resource that provides breeders and scientists a portal to search, browse, and query data to facilitate functional and applied Omic studies in millet crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Shekhar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Archana S. Prasad
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Kalpana Banjare
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Abhijeet Kaushik
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Ajit K. Mannade
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Mahima Dubey
- Department of Vegetable Biotechnology, VNR Seeds Private Limited, Raipur, India
| | - Arun Patil
- Department of Vegetable Biotechnology, VNR Seeds Private Limited, Raipur, India
| | - Vinay Premi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | | | - Abhinav Sao
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Ravi R. Saxena
- Knowledge and Technology Resource Centre, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Amit Dubey
- Chhattisgarh Council of Science and Technology, Raipur, India
| | - Girish Chandel
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
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Shrestha N, Hu H, Shrestha K, Doust AN. Pearl millet response to drought: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1059574. [PMID: 36844091 PMCID: PMC9955113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1059574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The C4 grass pearl millet is one of the most drought tolerant cereals and is primarily grown in marginal areas where annual rainfall is low and intermittent. It was domesticated in sub-Saharan Africa, and several studies have found that it uses a combination of morphological and physiological traits to successfully resist drought. This review explores the short term and long-term responses of pearl millet that enables it to either tolerate, avoid, escape, or recover from drought stress. The response to short term drought reveals fine tuning of osmotic adjustment, stomatal conductance, and ROS scavenging ability, along with ABA and ethylene transduction. Equally important are longer term developmental plasticity in tillering, root development, leaf adaptations and flowering time that can both help avoid the worst water stress and recover some of the yield losses via asynchronous tiller production. We examine genes related to drought resistance that were identified through individual transcriptomic studies and through our combined analysis of previous studies. From the combined analysis, we found 94 genes that were differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive stages under drought stress. Among them is a tight cluster of genes that are directly related to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as carbon metabolism, and hormonal pathways. We suggest that knowledge of gene expression patterns in tiller buds, inflorescences and rooting tips will be important for understanding the growth responses of pearl millet and the trade-offs at play in the response of this crop to drought. Much remains to be learnt about how pearl millet's unique combination of genetic and physiological mechanisms allow it to achieve such high drought tolerance, and the answers to be found may well be useful for crops other than just pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikee Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Andrew N. Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Prasad M. Omics of neglected and underutilized crop species: one small step for NUCS, one giant leap for addressing global hunger. THE NUCLEUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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