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Imtiyaz Z, Bhopale VM, Arya AK, Bhat AR, Thom SR. Microparticles in Human Perspiration as an Inflammatory Response Index. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1293. [PMID: 38928708 PMCID: PMC11203027 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A blood component analysis is an early step for evaluating inflammatory disorders, but it can be unfeasible in some settings. This pilot study assessed whether extracellular vesicle (EV) changes in perspiration are parallel to those occurring in blood as an alternative or complementary option to diagnose an inflammatory response. In parallel studies, EVs were analyzed in perspiration and blood obtained before and after five self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) divers at the National Aquarium in Baltimore performed a dive to 3.98 m of sea water for 40 min, and five non-divers performed an exercise routine at ambient atmospheric pressure. The results demonstrated that microparticles (MPs) are present in perspiration, their numbers increase in the blood in response to SCUBA diving, and the interleukin (IL)-1β content increases. In contrast, while blood-borne MPs became elevated in response to terrestrial exercise, no statistically significant increases occurred in perspiration, and there were no changes in IL-1β. There were no statistically significant elevations in the exosomes in perspiration or blood in response to SCUBA diving and few changes following terrestrial exercise. These findings suggest that an MP perspiration analysis could be a non-invasive method for detecting inflammatory responses that can occur due to the oxidative stress associated with SCUBA diving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.I.); (V.M.B.); (A.K.A.); (A.R.B.)
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Uddin MN, Singh MV, Faiyaz A, Szczepankiewicz F, Nilsson M, Boodoo ZD, Sutton KR, Tivarus ME, Zhong J, Wang L, Qiu X, Weber MT, Schifitto G. Tensor-valued diffusion MRI detects brain microstructure changes in HIV infected individuals with cognitive impairment. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4482269. [PMID: 38946952 PMCID: PMC11213220 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4482269/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment remains at approximately 40%, attributed to factors like pre-cART (combination antiretroviral therapy) irreversible brain injury. People with HIV (PWH) treated with cART do not show significant neurocognitive changes over relatively short follow-up periods. However, quantitative neuroimaging may be able to detect ongoing subtle microstructural changes. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of tensor-valued diffusion encoding in detecting such changes in brain microstructural integrity in cART-treated PWH. Additionally, it explored relationships between these metrics, neurocognitive scores, and plasma levels of neurofilament light (NFL) chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Using MRI at 3T, 24 PWH and 31 healthy controls underwent cross-sectional examination. The results revealed significant variations in b-tensor encoding metrics across white matter regions, with associations observed between these metrics, cognitive performance, and blood markers of neuronal and glial injury (NFL and GFAP). Moreover, a significant interaction between HIV status and imaging metrics was observed, particularly impacting total cognitive scores in both gray and white matter. These findings suggest that b-tensor encoding metrics offer heightened sensitivity in detecting subtle changes associated with axonal injury in HIV infection, underscoring their potential clinical relevance in understanding neurocognitive impairment in PWH.
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Li F, Li L, Peng R, Liu C, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang C, Xu J, Zhang Q, Yang G, Li Y, Chen F, Li S, Cui W, Liu L, Xu X, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediate systemic coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111674. [PMID: 38387190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce systemic coagulopathy and inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of mortality and disability. However, the mechanism causing systemic coagulopathy and inflammation following TBI remains unclear. In prior research, we discovered that brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs), originating from the injured brain, can activate the coagulation cascade and inflammatory cells. In this study, we primarily investigated how BDEVs affect systemic coagulopathy and inflammation in peripheral circulation. The results of cytokines and coagulation function indicated that BDEVs can lead to systemic coagulopathy and inflammation by influencing inflammatory factors and chemokines within 24 h. Furthermore, according to flow cytometry and blood cell counter results, we found that BDEVs induced changes in the blood count such as a reduced number of platelets and leukocytes and an increased percentage of neutrophils, macrophages, activated platelets, circulating platelet-EVs, and leukocyte-derived EVs. We also discovered that eliminating circulating BDEVs with lactadherin helped improve coagulopathy and inflammation, relieved blood cell dysfunction, and decreased the circulating platelet-EVs and leukocyte-derived EVs. Our research provides a novel viewpoint and potential mechanism of TBI-associated secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - FangLian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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Dong X, Dong JF, Zhang J. Roles and therapeutic potential of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on traumatic brain injury. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 37596642 PMCID: PMC10436659 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-related disability and death around the world, but the clinical stratification, diagnosis, and treatment of complex TBI are limited. Due to their unique properties, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging candidates for being biomarkers of traumatic brain injury as well as serving as potential therapeutic targets. However, the effects of different extracellular vesicle subtypes on the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury are very different, or potentially even opposite. Before extracellular vesicles can be used as targets for TBI therapy, it is necessary to classify different extracellular vesicle subtypes according to their functions to clarify different strategies for EV-based TBI therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss contradictory effects of different EV subtypes on TBI, and to propose treatment ideas based on different EV subtypes to maximize their benefits for the recovery of TBI patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, Nansihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Sharma P, Gupta R, Sharma S, Kotru M, Singh G, Sikka M. Coagulopathy in the absence of overt DIC in postoperative neurosurgical patients is a strong predictor of poor outcome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2023; 13:110-116. [PMID: 37736539 PMCID: PMC10509467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of coagulopathy in postoperative neurosurgical patients and correlate it with the outcome. MATERIALS AND METHOD This longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in the Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Ethical Committee - Human Research. Seventy-two (72) participants were recruited within 48 hours of surgery after obtaining consent. Complete clinical and surgical details were recorded. A 6.5 mL venous sample was collected and dispensed in two separate vials. The EDTA sample was run within 2 hours of collection on an automated hematology analyzer to obtain complete blood counts, including platelet count. The citrated sample was run on a fully automated coagulometer to determine PT, APTT, plasma fibrinogen, FVIII assay, and D-dimer levels. Subjects with a DIC-ISTH score of 5 or more were excluded. Coagulopathy was defined as three or more coagulation parameters deranged in a patient. All patients were followed up for the outcome. The outcome was correlated with coagulopathy, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The study found that the number of hemostatic parameters deranged correlated with outcome (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with coagulopathy was 32/72 (44.4%), while those without coagulopathy were 40/72 (55.6%). Of patients with coagulopathy, 87.5% (28/32) had an adverse outcome, while 12.5% (4/32) had a favorable outcome. The difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Coagulopathy, defined as the derangement of three or more parameters, is a predictor of poor outcomes in postoperative neurosurgical patients. This timely recognition of coagulopathy can help triage patients requiring appropriate blood products, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative neurosurgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
| | - Richa Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
| | - Satendra Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
| | - Mrinalini Kotru
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
| | - Gurubachan Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
| | - Meera Sikka
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalDelhi 110095, India
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Li F, Liu Y, Li L, Peng R, Wang C, Liu C, Shi M, Cao Y, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Li T, Jia H, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediate traumatic brain injury associated multi-organ damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:141-151. [PMID: 37163934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can negatively impact systemic organs, which can lead to more death and disability. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of TBI on systemic organs remains unclear. In previous work, we found that brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) released from the injured brain can induce systemic coagulation with a widespread fibrin deposition in the microvasculature of the lungs, kidney, and heart in a mouse model of TBI. In this study, we investigated whether BDEVs can induce heart, lung, liver, and kidney injury in TBI mice. The results of pathological staining and related biomarkers indicated that BDEVs can induce histological damage and systematic dysfunction. In vivo imaging system demonstrated that BDEVs can gather in systemic organs. We also found that BDEVs could induce cell apoptosis in the lung, liver, heart, and kidney. Furthermore, we discovered that BDEVs could cause multi-organ endothelial cell damage. Finally, this secondary multi-organ damage could be relieved by removing circulating BDEVs. Our research provides a novel perspective and potential mechanism of TBI-associated multi-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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Thom SR, Bhopale VM, Bhat AR, Arya AK, Ruhela D, Qiao G, Li X, Tang S, Xu S. Neuroinflammation with increased glymphatic flow in a murine model of decompression sickness. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:662-671. [PMID: 36752495 PMCID: PMC10010924 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00005.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This project investigated glial-based lymphatic (glymphatic) function and its role in a murine model of decompression sickness (DCS). DCS pathophysiology is traditionally viewed as being related to gas bubble formation from insoluble gas on decompression. However, a body of work implicates a role for a subset of inflammatory extracellular vesicles, 0.1 to 1 µm microparticles (MPs) that are elevated in human and rodent models in response to high gas pressure and rise further after decompression. Herein, we describe immunohistochemical and Western blot evidence showing that following high air pressure exposure, there are elevations of astrocyte NF-κB and microglial-ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (IBA-1) along with fluorescence contrast and MRI findings of an increase in glymphatic flow. Concomitant elevations of central nervous system-derived MPs coexpressing thrombospondin-1 (TSP) drain to deep cervical nodes and then to blood where they cause neutrophil activation. A new set of blood-borne MPs are generated that express filamentous actin at the surface that exacerbate neutrophil activation. Blood-brain barrier integrity is disrupted due to activated neutrophil sequestration that causes further astrocyte and microglial perturbation. When postdecompression node or blood MPs are injected into naïve mice, the same spectrum of abnormalities occur and they are blocked with coadministration of antibody to TSP. We conclude that high pressure/decompression causes neuroinflammation with an increased glymphatic flow. The resulting systemic liberation of TSP-expressing MPs sustains the neuroinflammatory cycle lasting for days.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A murine model of central nervous system (CNS) decompression sickness demonstrates that high gas pressure activates astrocytes and microglia triggering inflammatory microparticle (MP) production. Thrombospondin-expressing MPs are released from the CNS via enhanced glymphatic flow to the systemic circulation where they activate neutrophils. Secondary production of neutrophil-derived MPs causes further cell activation and neutrophil adherence to the brain microvasculature establishing a feed-forward neuroinflammatory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Abid R Bhat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Awadhesh K Arya
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Deepa Ruhela
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Guanda Qiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shiyu Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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8
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Gao Y, Li X, Qin Y, Men J, Ren J, Li X, Xu C, Li Q, Li Y, Cui W, Zhang S, Li L, Li Y, Zhang J, Liu L. MPs-ACT, an Assay to Evaluate the Procoagulant Activity of Microparticles. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231159374. [PMID: 36843474 PMCID: PMC9972054 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231159374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The procoagulant effect of microparticles (MPs) contributes to hypercoagulability-induced thrombosis. We provide preliminary findings of the MPs-Activated Clotting Time (MPs-ACT) assay to determine the procoagulant activity of MPs. MPs-rich plasma was obtained and recalcified. Changes in plasma viscoelasticity were evaluated and the time to the peak viscoelastic changes was defined as the MPs-ACT. MPs concentration was measured by flow cytometry. Coagulation products produced during plasma clotting were identified by fibrin and fibrinopeptide A. MPs were prepared in vitro and added to standard plasma to simulate pathological samples. In addition, reproducibility and sensitivity were evaluated. We confirmed the linear relationship between MPs-ACT and MP concentrations. Dynamic changes in fibrin production were depicted. We simulated the correlation between MPs-ACT and standard plasma containing MPs prepared in vitro. The reproducibility of high-value and low-value samples was 6.0% and 10.8%, respectively. MPs-ACT sensitively detected hypercoagulable samples from patients with pre-eclampsia, hip fractures, and lung tumors. MPs-ACT largely reflects the procoagulant effect of MPs. MPs-ACT sensitively and rapidly detects hypercoagulability with MPs-rich plasma. It may be promising for the diagnosis of hypercoagulable states induced by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianlong Men
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Precision Medicine Center, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in
Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General
Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Jianning Zhang, Tianjin Neurological
Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, #154 Anshan Road,
Tianjin, 30052, China. Li Liu,
Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,
#154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 30052, China.
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9
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Surface-fill H 2S-releasing silk fibroin hydrogel for brain repair through the repression of neuronal pyroptosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:259-274. [PMID: 36402296 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the major cause of disability and mortality worldwide due to the persistent neuroinflammation and neuronal death induced by TBI. Among them, pyroptosis, a specific type of programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by inflammatory signals, plays a significant part in the pathological process after TBI. Inhibition of neuroinflammation and pyroptosis is considered a possible strategy for the treatment of TBI. In our previous study, exogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S) exerted a neuroprotective effect after TBI. Here, we developed a surface-fill H2S-releasing silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel (H2S@SF hydrogel) to achieve small-dose local administration and avoid volatile and toxic side effects. We used a controlled cortical impact (CCI) to establish a mild TBI model in mice to examine the effect of H2S@SF hydrogel on TBI-induced pyroptosis. We found that H2S@SF hydrogel inhibited the expression of H2S synthase in neurons after TBI and significantly inhibited TBI-induced neuronal pyroptosis. In addition, immunofluorescence staining results showed that the necroptosis protein receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) partially colocalized with the pyroptosis protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the same cells. H2S@SF hydrogel can also inhibit the expression of the necroptosis protein. Moreover, H2S@SF hydrogel also alleviates brain edema and the degree of neurodegeneration in the acute phase of TBI. The neuroprotective effect of H2S@SF hydrogel was further confirmed by wire-grip test, open field test, Morris water maze, beam balance test, radial arm maze, tail suspension, and forced swimming test. Lastly, we also measured spared tissue volume, reactive astrocytes and activated microglia to demonstrate H2S@SF hydrogel impacts on long-term prognosis in TBI. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of H2S after TBI and the clinical application of H2S@SF hydrogel. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel controls the release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to inhibit neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in injured brain tissue. In this study, we synthesized a surface-fill H2S-releasing silk fibroin hydrogel, which could slowly release H2S to reshape the homeostasis of endogenous H2S in injured neurons and inhibit neuronal pyroptosis in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Meanwhile, H2S@SF hydrogel could alleviate brain edema and the degree of neurodegeneration, improve motor dysfunction, anxious behavior and memory impairment caused by TBI, reduce tissue loss and ameliorate neuroinflammation. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the treatment of H2S after TBI and the clinical application of H2S@SF hydrogel.
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10
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Zhang C, Liu C, Li F, Zheng M, Liu Y, Li L, Yang H, Zhang S, Wang C, Rong H, Guo H, Li Y, Li Y, Fu Y, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Extracellular Mitochondria Activate Microglia and Contribute to Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:2264-2277. [PMID: 36087194 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuroinflammation is closely associated with poor outcomes and high mortality in affected patients, with unmet needs for effective clinical interventions. A series of causal and disseminating factors have been identified to cause TBI-induced neuroinflammation. Among these are cellular microvesicles released from injured cerebral cells, endothelial cells, and platelets. In previous studies, we have put forward that cellular microvesicles can be released from injured brains that induce consumptive coagulopathy. Extracellular mitochondria accounted for 55.2% of these microvesicles and induced a redox-dependent platelet procoagulant activity that contributes to traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation. These lead to the hypothesis that metabolically active extracellular mitochondria contribute to the neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury, independent of their procoagulant activity. Here, we found that these extracellular mitochondria induced polarization of microglial M1-type pro-inflammatory phenotype, aggravating neuroinflammation, and mediated cerebral edema in a ROS-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of ROS can be alleviated by ROS inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) in vitro experiments. These results revealed a novel pro-inflammatory activity of extracellular mitochondria that may contribute to traumatic brain injury-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Mutian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaijin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongjin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neuro-Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.
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11
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NS1619 Alleviate Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Induced Brain Injury by Regulating BKca Channel and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-ĸB Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2257427. [PMID: 36466093 PMCID: PMC9711983 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2257427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain induced extracellular vesicle (BDEV) elevates after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and contributes to secondary brain injury. However, the role of BDEV in TBI remains unclear. In this study, we determined the mechanisms of BDEV in brain injury and explored whether neuroprotective drug BKca channel opener NS1619 may attenuate BDEV-induced brain injury. We injected BDEV and lactadherin, respectively, to mimic the up and downregulation of BDEV after TBI and illustrated the role of BDEV in vivo. In vitro, the membrane potential and calcium concentration of HT-22, bEnd3, and BV-2 were measured by fluorescent staining. The effects of BDEV and NS1619 on HT-22 were evaluated by CCK-8, LDH release assay, Na+/k+-ATPase activity, JC-1 staining, DHE staining, and 4-HNE staining, respectively. The role of BDEV and NS1619 on the Nrf2/HO-1/p65 pathway was also evaluated in HT-22. Finally, we administrated TBI mice with NS1619 to clarify the role of NS1619 against BDEV in vivo. Our results suggested that BDEV aggravated and lactadherin mitigated TBI-induced EB leakage, brain edema, neuronal degeneration, apoptosis, ROS level, microgliosis, MMP-9 activity, and NF-κB activation. In vitro, BDEV-caused depolarized membrane potential and calcium overload were significantly attenuated by NS1619 in HT-22, bEnd3, and BV-2. BDEV markedly decreased cell viability, Na+/k+-ATPase activity, and caused mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative stress, and NF-ĸB activation. NS1619 pretreatment alleviated above process and enhanced antioxidant system Nrf2/HO-1 in HT-22. Finally, NS1619 administration significantly inhibited neuroinflammation response and improved TBI outcome after TBI. NS1619 treatment also reduced 4-HNE content and NF-ĸB activation and enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our data showed that BDEV aggravated brain injury by perturbing cell membrane potential, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The BKca channel opener NS1619 attenuated BDEV-induced pathological process in vitro and in vivo by modulating the BKca channel and Nrf2/HO-1/NF-ĸB pathway.
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12
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Gao Y, Li K, Li X, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhang J. Exploration of cerebral vasospasm from the perspective of microparticles. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1013437. [PMID: 36389239 PMCID: PMC9650082 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1013437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm is a frequently encountered clinical problem, especially in patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Continued cerebral vasospasm can cause cerebral ischemia, even infarction and delayed ischemic neurologic deficits. It significantly affects the course of the disease and the outcome of the patient. However, the underlying mechanism of cerebral vasospasm is still unclear. Recently, increasing studies focus on the pathogenic mechanism of microparticles. It has been found that microparticles have a non-negligible role in promoting vasospasm. This research aims to summarize the dynamics of microparticles in vivo and identify a causal role of microparticles in the occurrence and development of cerebral vasospasm. We found that these various microparticles showed dynamic characteristics in body fluids and directly or indirectly affect the cerebral vasospasm or prompt it. Due to the different materials carried by microparticles from different cells, there are also differences in the mechanisms that lead to abnormal vasomotor. We suggest that microparticle scavengers might be a promising therapeutic target against microparticles associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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13
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Khan NA, Asim M, El-Menyar A, Biswas KH, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H. The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933434. [PMID: 36275010 PMCID: PMC9584168 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) requires reliable diagnostic, disease activity, and progression indicators. While desirable, identifying biomarkers for NDs can be difficult because of the complex cytoarchitecture of the brain and the distinct cell subsets seen in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles involved in the intercellular communication and transport of cell-specific cargos, such as proteins, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipids. The types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies based on their size and origin of biogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that intercellular communication mediated through EVs is responsible for disseminating important proteins implicated in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other NDs. Some studies showed that TBI is a risk factor for different NDs. In terms of therapeutic potential, EVs outperform the alternative synthetic drug delivery methods because they can transverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without inducing immunogenicity, impacting neuroinflammation, immunological responses, and prolonged bio-distribution. Furthermore, EV production varies across different cell types and represents intracellular processes. Moreover, proteomic markers, which can represent a variety of pathological processes, such as cellular damage or neuroinflammation, have been frequently studied in neurotrauma research. However, proteomic blood-based biomarkers have short half-lives as they are easily susceptible to degradation. EV-based biomarkers for TBI may represent the complex genetic and neurometabolic abnormalities that occur post-TBI. These biomarkers are not caught by proteomics, less susceptible to degradation and hence more reflective of these modifications (cellular damage and neuroinflammation). In the current narrative and comprehensive review, we sought to discuss the contemporary knowledge and better understanding the EV-based research in TBI, and thus its applications in modern medicine. These applications include the utilization of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, developments of EV-based therapies, and managing their associated challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ayman El-Menyar
| | - Kabir H. Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Liu L, Deng QJ. Role of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic brain injury-induced coagulopathy and inflammation. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2102-2107. [PMID: 35259815 PMCID: PMC9083154 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are composed of fragments of exfoliated plasma membrane, organelles or nuclei and are released after cell activation, apoptosis or destruction. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant type of extracellular vesicle in the blood of patients with traumatic brain injury. Accumulated laboratory and clinical evidence shows that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles play an important role in coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. This review discusses the recent progress of research on platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in coagulopathy and inflammation and the potential of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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15
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Neurovascular Unit-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: From Their Physiopathological Roles to Their Clinical Applications in Acute Brain Injuries. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092147. [PMID: 36140248 PMCID: PMC9495841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) form a heterogeneous group of membrane-enclosed structures secreted by all cell types. EVs export encapsulated materials composed of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, making them a key mediator in cell–cell communication. In the context of the neurovascular unit (NVU), a tightly interacting multicellular brain complex, EVs play a role in intercellular communication and in maintaining NVU functionality. In addition, NVU-derived EVs can also impact peripheral tissues by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the blood stream. As such, EVs have been shown to be involved in the physiopathology of numerous neurological diseases. The presence of NVU-released EVs in the systemic circulation offers an opportunity to discover new diagnostic and prognostic markers for those diseases. This review outlines the most recent studies reporting the role of NVU-derived EVs in physiological and pathological mechanisms of the NVU, focusing on neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Then, the clinical application of EVs-containing molecules as biomarkers in acute brain injuries, such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), is discussed.
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Abstract
Research into TBI biomarkers has accelerated rapidly in the past decade owing to the heterogeneous nature of TBI pathologies and management, which pose challenges to TBI evaluation, management, and prognosis. TBI biomarker proteins resulting from axonal, neuronal, or glial cell injuries are widely used and have been extensively studied. However, they might not pass the blood-brain barrier with sufficient amounts to be detected in peripheral blood specimens, and further might not be detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid owing to flow limitations triggered by the injury itself. Despite the advances in TBI research, there is an unmet clinical need to develop and identify novel TBI biomarkers that entirely correlate with TBI pathologies on the molecular level, including mild TBI, and further enable physicians to predict patient outcomes and allow researchers to test neuroprotective agents to limit the extents of injury. Although the extracellular vesicles have been identified and studied long ago, they have recently been revisited and repurposed as potential TBI biomarkers that overcome the many limitations of the traditional blood and CSF assays. Animal and human experiments demonstrated the accuracy of several types of exosomes and miRNAs in detecting mild, moderate, and severe TBI. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the traditional TBI biomarkers that are helpful in clinical practice. Also, we highlight the emerging roles of exosomes and miRNA being the promising candidates under investigation of current research.
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Shao S, Guo T, Li F, Zhao Z, Li J, Wang X. Experimental study on the therapeutic effect of BDNF gene-carrying nanoparticles on traumatic brain injury. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Ruhela D, Bhopale VM, Kalakonda S, Thom SR. Astrocyte-derived microparticles initiate a neuroinflammatory cycle due to carbon monoxide poisoning. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100398. [PMID: 34917988 PMCID: PMC8645452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that carbon monoxide (CO) establishes an inflammatory cycle mediated by microparticles (MPs). Mice exposed to a CO protocol (1000 ppm for 40 min and then 3000 ppm for 20 min) that causes neuroinflammation exhibit NF-κB activation in astrocytes leading to generation of MPs expressing thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) that collect in deep cervical lymph nodes draining the brain glymphatic system. TSP-1 bearing MPs gain access to the blood stream where they activate neutrophils to generate a new family of MPs, and also stimulate endothelial cells as documented by leakage of intravenous 2000 kDa dextran. At the brain microvasculature, neutrophil and MPs sequestration, and myeloperoxidase activity result in elevations of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, serine 536 phosphorylated p65, CD36, and loss of astrocyte aquaporin-4 that persist for at least 7 days. Knock-out mice lacking the CD36 membrane receptor are resistant to all CO inflammatory changes. Events triggered by CO are recapitulated in naïve wild type mice injected with cervical node MPs from CO-exposed mice, but not control mice. All MPs-mediated events are inhibited with a NF-κB inhibitor, a myeloperoxidase inhibitor, or anti-TSP-1 antibodies. We conclude that astrocyte-derived MPs expressing TSP-1 establish a feed-forward neuroinflammatory cycle involving endothelial CD36-to-astrocyte NF-κB crosstalk. As there is currently no treatment for CO-induced neurological sequelae, these findings pose several possible sites for therapeutic interventions. Carbon monoxide (CO) causes neurological injuries poorly correlated to hypoxic stress. Astrocyte NF-κB triggers thrombospondin-1(TSP-1) microparticle (MP) production. TSP-1 MPs enter the blood stream, stimulating neutrophils and endothelium. Circulating MPs linkage to endothelial cell CD36 causes vascular damage. Endothelial CD36-to-astrocyte NF-κB crosstalk establishes a neuroinflammatory cycle.
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Key Words
- 4-methyl-N1-(3-phenyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2-diamine, JSH-23
- Acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine
- Aquaporin-4
- Aquaporin-4, AQP4
- Astrocyte
- CD36
- Carbon monoxide, CO
- Carboxyhemoglobin, COHb
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP
- Glymphatics
- Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI
- Microparticles, MPs
- Myelin basic protein, MBP
- Myeloperoxidase
- Myeloperoxidase, MPO
- Neuronal pentraxin receptor, NPR
- Neutrophil
- Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3, NLRP3
- Nuclear factor- κB, NF-κB
- Phosphate buffered saline, PBS
- Phosphatidylserine, (PS)
- Thrombospondin-1
- Thrombospondin-1, TSP-1
- Transmembrane protein119, TMEM
- acetyl-lysyltyrosylcysteine, KYC
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ruhela
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Veena M Bhopale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sudhakar Kalakonda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Stephen R Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
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Lin H, Chen H, Qi B, Jiang Y, Lian N, Zhuang X, Yu Y. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediated coagulopathy, inflammation and apoptosis after sepsis. Thromb Res 2021; 207:85-95. [PMID: 34583153 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of coagulation, inflammation and other pathways is the basic response of the host to infection in sepsis, but this response also causes damage to the host. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) have been reported to cause a hypercoagulable state that can rapidly develop into consumptive coagulopathy, which is consistent with the pathophysiological process of sepsis-induced coagulopathy. However, the role of BDEVs in sepsis-induced coagulopathy remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for sepsis modeling using cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of circulating BDEVs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), D-dimer, fibrinogen(Fib), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify BDEVs. Western blot (WB) was used to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), bax, bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to detect tissue injury. Survival was monitored over the course of 168 h. RESULTS We found that a large number of BDEVs were released into the circulating blood in septic rats. Moreover, we observed that BDEVs injection activated the systemic coagulation reaction and induced lung, liver and kidney inflammation and apoptosis(P < .05). Compared with BDEVs from sham-operated rats, BDEVs from septic rats exacerbated this process(P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that inhibiting BDEVs may yield therapeutic benefits in the treatment of sepsis-induced coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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20
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Yao X, Wang S, Chen Y, Sheng L, Li H, You H, Ye J, Zhang Q, Li J. Sodium houttuyfonate attenuates neurological defects after traumatic brain injury in mice via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22850. [PMID: 34405489 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium houttuyfonate (SH) is a chemical compound synthesized by houttuynin and sodium bisulfite. As it has antinflammatory effects, SH has been widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, including post events following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Meanwhile, NOD-like receptor with pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in microglia may play a central role in TBI. But to date, the intracellular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of SH in TBI remain unknown, especially whether regulating NLRP3. To gain an insight into this possibility, we conducted cell culture and biochemical studies on the effect of SH on NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia. The results showed that SH inhibited TLR4 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the microglia cell. In parallel, phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB p65, which play a key role in NLRP3 inflammasome formation, was decreased. Intraperitoneal injection of SH into TBI mice significantly reduced the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), as well as the degree of microglia apoptosis post-controlled cortical impact (CCI). Immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that SH markedly reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, TLR4 activity, phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB. Moreover, SH significantly inhibited microglia activation post-CCI, but effectively promoted the astrocyte activation and angiopoiesis. Taken together, our research provides evidence that SH attenuated neurological deficits post TBI through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, via influencing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings explain the intracellular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity caused by SH treatment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shengbo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liuqing Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huichao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Jiang H, Li H, Cao Y, Zhang R, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Zeng X, Wu J, Wu D, Wu D, Guo X, Li X, Wu H, Li P. Effects of cannabinoid (CBD) on blood brain barrier permeability after brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147586. [PMID: 34289379 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol is a natural herbal medicine known to protect the brain from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, a TBI rat model was established, with cannabidiol administered intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, 30 min before surgery and 6 h after surgery until sacrifice. Brain water content, body weight, and modified neurological severity scores were determined, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, Evans-blue dye extravasation, and western blotting were performed. Results showed that cannabidiol decreased the number of aquaporin-4-positive and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells. Cannabidiol also significantly reduced the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-5 and occludin). Moreover, cannabidiol administration significantly mitigated water content in the brain after TBI and blood-brain barrier disruption and ameliorated the neurological deficit score after TBI. Cannabidiol administration improved the integrity and permeability of the blood-brain barrier and reduced edema in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; Department of Pathology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, China
| | - Hengxi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Kunming Medical University Electron Microscope Laboratory, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Forensic Medicine of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Morphology Laboratory, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Douwei Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Deye Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Qilu Medical University, Zibo 255213, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology/Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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22
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Romero Díaz C, Mayoral LPC, Hernández Huerta MT, Majluf-Cruz AS, Plascencia Mora SE, Pérez-Campos Mayoral E, Mayoral Andrade G, Martínez Cruz M, Zenteno E, Matias Cervantes CA, Vásquez Martínez G, Martínez Cruz R, Ángel Reyes Franco M, Cruz Parada E, Pina Canseco S, Mayoral EPC. The influence of hydrogen ions on coagulation in traumatic brain injury, explored by molecular dynamics. Brain Inj 2021; 35:842-849. [PMID: 33678100 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1895312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients in intensive care units with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) frequently present acid-base abnormalities and coagulability disorders, which complicate their condition.Objective: To identify protonation through in silico simulations of molecules involved in the process of coagulation in standard laboratory tests.Materials and methods: Ten patients with TBI were selected from the intensive care unit in addition to ten "healthy control subjects", and another nine patients as "disease control subjects"; the latter being a comparative group, corresponding to subjects with diabetes mellitus 2 (DM2). Fibrinogen, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, and D-dimer in the presence of acidification were evaluated in 20 healthy subjects in order to compare clinical results with molecular dynamics (MD), and to explain proton interactions and coagulation molecules.Results: The TBI group presented a slight, non-significant increase in D-dimer; but this was not present in "disease control subjects". Levels of fibrinogen, FVII, FIX, FX, and D-dimer were affected in the presence of acidification. We observed that various specific residues of coagulation factors "trap" ions.Conclusion: Protonation of tissue factor and factor VIIa may favor anticoagulant mechanisms, and protonation does not affect ligand binding sites of GPIIb/IIIa (PAC1) suggesting other causes for the low affinity to PAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Pérez Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Abraham Salvador Majluf-Cruz
- Medical Research Unit in Thrombosis, Haemostasis and Atherogenesis, Mexican Institute of Social Security/IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Zenteno
- School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ruth Martínez Cruz
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Socorro Pina Canseco
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, "Dr. Eduardo Pérez Ortega", Oaxaca, Mexico
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23
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Ruhela D, Bhopale VM, Yang M, Yu K, Weintraub E, Greenblatt A, Thom SR. Blood-borne and brain-derived microparticles in morphine-induced anti-nociceptive tolerance. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:465-472. [PMID: 32001343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that elevations of microparticles (MPs) would occur with morphine administration to mice. Repetitive dosing to induce anti-nociceptive tolerance increases blood-borne MPs by 8-fold, and by 10-fold in deep cervical lymph nodes draining brain glymphatics. MPs express proteins specific to cells including neutrophils, microglia, astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β content of MPs increases 68-fold. IL-1β antagonist administration diminishes blood-borne and cervical lymph node MPs, and abrogates tolerance induction. Intravenous polyethylene glycol Telomer B, a surfactant that lyses MPs, and intraperitoneal methylnaltrexone also inhibit MPs elevations and tolerance. Critically, neutropenic mice do not develop anti-nociceptive tolerance, elevations of blood-borne or cervical node MPs. Immunohistochemical evidence for microglial activation by morphine does not correlated with the MPs response pattern. Neutrophil-derived MPs appear to be required for morphine-induced anti-nociceptive tolerance. Further, patients entering treatment for opioid use disorder exhibit similar MPs elevations as do tolerant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Kevin Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, United States
| | - Eric Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, United States
| | - Aaron Greenblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, United States
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24
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Ren D, Zheng P, Feng J, Gong Y, Wang Y, Duan J, Zhao L, Deng J, Chen H, Zou S, Hong T, Chen W. Overexpression of Astrocytes-Specific GJA1-20k Enhances the Viability and Recovery of the Neurons in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1643-1650. [PMID: 32401478 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a devastating actuality in clinics worldwide. It is estimated that approximately 10 million people among the world suffer from TBI each year, and a considerable number of patients will be temporarily or permanently disabled or even die due to this disease. Astrocytes play a very important role in the repair of brain tissue after TBI, including the formation of a neuroprotective barrier, inhibition of brain edema, and inhibition of normal nerve cell apoptosis. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this protective effect is still unclear. To investigate the regulatory factors of astrocytes to other neurons post-TBI, we established a TBI rat model and used the AAV to mediate the overexpression of GJA1-20k in astrocytes of rats. And functionally, the specific overexpression of GJA1-20k in astrocytes promoted the viability and recovery of neurons in TBI. Mechanistically, the astrocytes-specific upregulation of GJA1-20k protected the function of mitochondria in neurons of FPI rats, thus suppressing the apoptosis of the damaged neurons. We hereby reported that astrocytes-specific overexpression of GJA1-20k enhanced the viability and recovery of the neurons in TBI through regulating their mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
| | - Jiugeng Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Gong
- Department of Operation Room, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330009, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Chen
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Shufeng Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the People’s Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201299, P. R. China
- Department of Emergency@Trauma Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330008, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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25
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Tan Z, Chen L, Ren Y, Jiang X, Gao W. Neuroprotective effects of FK866 against traumatic brain injury: Involvement of p38/ERK pathway. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:742-756. [PMID: 32302063 PMCID: PMC7261767 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FK866 is an inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), which exhibits neuroprotective effects in ischemic brain injury. However, in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the role and mechanism of FK866 remain unclear. The present research was aimed to investigate whether FK866 could attenuate TBI and clarified the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A controlled cortical impact model was established, and FK866 at a dose of 5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally at 1 h and 6 h, then twice per day post-TBI until sacrifice. Brain water content, Evans blue dye extravasation, modified neurological severity scores (mNSS), Morris water maze test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were performed. RESULTS The results demonstrated that FK866 significantly mitigated the brain edema, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and ameliorated the neurological function post-TBI. Moreover, FK866 decreased the number of Iba-1-positive cells, GFAP-positive astrocytes, and AQP4-positive cells. FK866 reduced the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibited NF-κB from translocation to the nucleus. FK866 upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, diminished the expression of Bax and caspase 3, and the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, p38 MAPK and ERK activation were significantly inhibited by FK866. INTERPRETATION FK866 attenuated TBI-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, at least in part, through p38/ERK MAPKs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Tan
- Department of GeriatricsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of NeurologyXiasha CampusSir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yucheng Ren
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohang Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of NeurologyChangxing People’s HospitalThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Changxing CampusChangxingZhejiangChina
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26
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Malmberg M, Malm T, Gustafsson O, Sturchio A, Graff C, Espay AJ, Wright AP, El Andaloussi S, Lindén A, Ezzat K. Disentangling the Amyloid Pathways: A Mechanistic Approach to Etiology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:256. [PMID: 32372895 PMCID: PMC7186396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are fibrillar protein aggregates associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The process of amyloid polymerization involves three pathological protein transformations; from natively folded conformation to the cross-β conformation, from biophysically soluble to insoluble, and from biologically functional to non-functional. While amyloids share a similar cross-β conformation, the biophysical transformation can either take place spontaneously via a homogeneous nucleation mechanism (HON) or catalytically on an exogenous surface via a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism (HEN). Here, we postulate that the different nucleation pathways can serve as a mechanistic basis for an etiological classification of amyloidopathies, where hereditary forms generally follow the HON pathway, while sporadic forms follow seed-induced (prions) or surface-induced (including microbially induced) HEN pathways. Critically, the conformational and biophysical amyloid transformation results in loss-of-function (LOF) of the original natively folded and soluble protein. This LOF can, at least initially, be the mechanism of amyloid toxicity even before amyloid accumulation reaches toxic levels. By highlighting the important role of non-protein species in amyloid formation and LOF mechanisms of toxicity, we propose a generalized mechanistic framework that could help better understand the diverse etiology of amyloid diseases and offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions, including replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Malmberg
- Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- SLU Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskar Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, James J and Joan A Gardner Center for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, James J and Joan A Gardner Center for Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anthony P. Wright
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samir El Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Lindén
- Unit for Lung and Airway Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kariem Ezzat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Liu X, Gao C, Yuan J, Xiang T, Gong Z, Luo H, Jiang W, Song Y, Huang J, Quan W, Wang D, Tian Y, Ge X, Lei P, Zhang J, Jiang R. Subdural haematomas drain into the extracranial lymphatic system through the meningeal lymphatic vessels. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32059751 PMCID: PMC7023797 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-0888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Subdural haematomas (SDHs) are characterized by rapidly or gradually accumulated haematomas between the arachnoid and dura mater. The mechanism of haematoma clearance has not been clearly elucidated until now. The meningeal lymphatic vessel (mLV) drainage pathway is a novel system that takes part in the clearance of waste products in the central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to explore the roles of the mLV drainage pathway in SDH clearance and its impacting factors. We injected FITC-500D, A488-fibrinogen and autologous blood into the subdural space of mice/rats and found that these substances drained into deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs). FITC-500D was also observed in the lymphatic vessels (LYVE+) of the meninges and the dCLNs in mice. The SDH clearance rate in SDH rats that received deep cervical lymph vessel (dCLV) ligation surgery was significantly lower than that in the control group, as evaluated by haemoglobin quantification and MRI scanning. The drainage rate of mLVs was significantly slower after the SDH model was established, and the expression of lymphangiogenesis-related proteins, including LYVE1, FOXC2 and VEGF-C, in meninges was downregulated. In summary, our findings proved that SDH was absorbed through the mLV drainage pathway and that haematomas could inhibit the function of mLVs.
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Chen Z, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Li W, Venkat P, Wang F, Landschoot-Ward J, Chen J. Brain-Derived Microparticles (BDMPs) Contribute to Neuroinflammation and Lactadherin Reduces BDMP Induced Neuroinflammation and Improves Outcome After Stroke. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2747. [PMID: 31993045 PMCID: PMC6968774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs, ~size between 0.1 and 1 mm) are lipid encased containers derived from intact cells which contain antigen from the parent cells. MPs are involved in intercellular communication and regulate inflammation. Stroke increases secretion of brain derived MP (BDMP) which activate macrophages/microglia and induce neuroinflammation. Lactadherin (Milk fat globule–EGF factor-8) binds to anionic phospholipids and extracellular matrices, promotes apoptotic cell clearance and limits pathogenic antigen cross presentation. In this study, we investigate whether BDMP affects stroke-induced neuroinflammation and whether Lactadherin treatment reduces stroke initiated BDMP-induced neuroinflammation, thereby improving functional outcome after stroke. Middle aged (8–9 months old) male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAo) stroke, and BDMPs were extracted from ischemic brain 24 h after dMCAo by ultracentrifugation. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to dMCAo and treated via tail vein injection at 3 h after stroke with: (A) +PBS (n = 5/group); (B) +BDMPs (1.5 × 108, n = 6/group); (C) +Lactadherin (400 μg/kg, n = 5/group); (D) +BDMP+Lactadherin (n = 6/group). A battery of neurological function tests were performed and mice sacrificed for immunostaining at 14 days after stroke. Blood plasma was used for Western blot assay. Our data indicate: (1) treatment of Stroke with BDMP significantly increases lesion volume, neurological deficits, blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage, microglial activation, inflammatory cell infiltration (CD45, microglia/macrophages, and neutrophils) into brain, inflammatory factor (TNFα, IL6, and IL1β) expression in brain, increases axon/white matter (WM) damage identified by decreased axon and myelin density, and increases inflammatory factor expression in the plasma when compared to PBS treated stroke mice; (2) when compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, Lactadherin and BDMP+Lactadherin treatment significantly improves neurological outcome, and decreases lesion volume, BBB leakage, axon/WM injury, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory factor expression in the ischemic brain, respectively. Lactadherin treatment significantly increases anti-inflammatory factor (IL10) expression in ischemic brain and decreases IL1β expression in plasma compared to PBS and BDMP treated stroke mice, respectively. BDMP increases neuroinflammation and aggravates ischemic brain damage after stroke. Thus, Lactadherin exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the clearance of MPs to reduce stroke and BDMP induced neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fenjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, United States
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Yates AG, Anthony DC, Ruitenberg MJ, Couch Y. Systemic Immune Response to Traumatic CNS Injuries-Are Extracellular Vesicles the Missing Link? Front Immunol 2019; 10:2723. [PMID: 31824504 PMCID: PMC6879545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation following traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) persists long after the primary insult and is known to exacerbate cell death and worsen functional outcomes. Therapeutic interventions targeting this inflammation have been unsuccessful, which has been attributed to poor bioavailability owing to the presence of blood-CNS barrier. Recent studies have shown that the magnitude of the CNS inflammatory response is dependent on systemic inflammatory events. The acute phase response (APR) to CNS injury presents an alternative strategy to modulating the secondary phase of injury. However, the communication pathways between the CNS and the periphery remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound nanoparticles that are regulators of intercellular communication. They are shed from cells of the CNS including microglia, astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, and are able to cross the blood-CNS barrier, thus providing an attractive candidate for initiating the APR after acute CNS injury. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence that EVs play a critical role in the APR following CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abi G Yates
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Acute Stroke Programme, RDM-Investigative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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30
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Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Chopp M. Current understanding of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and cell-based therapeutic opportunities. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:137-151. [PMID: 29764704 PMCID: PMC6034172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that TBI is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Despite improved supportive and rehabilitative care of TBI patients, unfortunately, all late phase clinical trials in TBI have yet to yield a safe and effective neuroprotective treatment. The disappointing clinical trials may be attributed to variability in treatment approaches and heterogeneity of the population of TBI patients as well as a race against time to prevent or reduce inexorable cell death. TBI is not just an acute event but a chronic disease. Among many mechanisms involved in secondary injury after TBI, emerging preclinical studies indicate that posttraumatic prolonged and progressive neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration which may be treatable long after the initiating brain injury. This review provides an overview of recent understanding of neuroinflammation in TBI and preclinical cell-based therapies that target neuroinflammation and promote functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Asim Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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31
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Mondello S, Thelin EP, Shaw G, Salzet M, Visalli C, Cizkova D, Kobeissy F, Buki A. Extracellular vesicles: pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic value in traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:451-461. [PMID: 29671356 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1464914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Accurate classification according to injury-specific and patient-specific characteristics is critical to help informed clinical decision-making and to the pursuit of precision medicine in TBI. Reliable biomarker signatures for improved TBI diagnostics are required but still an unmet need. Areas covered: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new class of biomarker candidates in TBI. These nano-sized vesicles have key roles in cell signaling profoundly impacting pathogenic pathways, progression and long-term sequelae of TBI. As such EVs might provide novel neurobiological insights, enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and recovery, and serve as biomarker signatures and therapeutic targets and delivery systems. Expert commentary: EVs are fast gaining momentum in TBI research, paving the way for new transformative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Their potential to sort out TBI variability and active involvement in the mechanisms underpinning different clinical phenotypes point out unique opportunities for improved classification, risk-stratification ad intervention, harboring promise of predictive, personalized, and even preemptive therapeutic strategies. Although a great deal of progress has been made, substantial efforts are still required to ensure the needed rigorous validation and reproducibility for clinical implementation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- a Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS , Troina , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Eric P Thelin
- c Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery , University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Shaw
- e EnCor Biotechnology Inc ., Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Michel Salzet
- f Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Carmela Visalli
- b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- g Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- h Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,i Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Andras Buki
- j Department of Neurosurgery , Pecs University , Pecs , Hungary
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32
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Rui Q, Ni H, Gao F, Dang B, Li D, Gao R, Chen G. LRRK2 Contributes to Secondary Brain Injury Through a p38/Drosha Signaling Pathway After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:51. [PMID: 29545743 PMCID: PMC5837969 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is widely expressed in the brain and exerts neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. The p38/Drosha signaling activation has been reported to increase cell death under stress. This study was designed to investigate the potential role and mechanism of LRRK2 in secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). A total of 130 male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined using a weight-drop model of TBI. The rats received the specific LRRK2 inhibitor PF-06447475 or LRRK2 pDNA alone or in combination with Drosha pDNA. Real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, neuronal apoptosis, brain water content, and neurological score analyses were conducted. Our results showed that after TBI, endogenous LRRK2 expression and p38 phosphorylation were increased, whereas Drosha expression was inhibited. Administration of the LRRK2 inhibitor PF-06447475 significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis, brain water content, and blood-brain barrier permeability 12 h after TBI and ameliorated neurological deficits 72 h after TBI, which was concomitant with decreased p38 phosphorylation and increased Drosha expression. Conversely, LRRK2 overexpression induced the opposite effect. Moreover, the neurotoxic effects of LRRK2 on TBI were also eliminated by Drosha overexpression. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the importance of TBI-induced LRRK2 upregulation during the induction of post-traumatic neurological injury, which may be partially mediated through a p38/Drosha signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Rui
- Department of Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, The First People’s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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33
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Hazelton I, Yates A, Dale A, Roodselaar J, Akbar N, Ruitenberg MJ, Anthony DC, Couch Y. Exacerbation of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury by Circulating Extracellular Vesicles. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:639-651. [PMID: 29149810 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lesions in the brain activate a systemic acute-phase response (APR), which is dependent on the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation. The resulting APR is responsible for regulating leukocyte mobilization and subsequent recruitment to the brain. Factors that either exacerbate or inhibit the APR will also exacerbate or inhibit central nervous system (CNS) inflammation as a consequence and have the potential to influence ongoing secondary damage. Here, we were interested to discover how the circulating EV population changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and how manipulation of the circulating EV pool impacts on the outcome of TBI. We found the number of circulating EVs increased rapidly post-TBI, and this was accompanied by an increase in CNS and hepatic leukocyte recruitment. In an adoptive transfer study, we then evaluated the outcomes of TBI after administering EVs derived from either in vitro macrophage or endothelial cell lines stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or from murine plasma from an LPS challenge using the air-pouch model. By manipulating the circulating EV population, we were able to demonstrate that each population of transferred EVs increased the APR. However, the characteristics of the response were dependent on the nature of the EVs; specifically, it was significantly increased when animals were challenged with macrophage-derived EVs, suggesting that the cellular origins of EVs may determine their function. Selectively targeting EVs from macrophage/monocyte populations is likely to be of value in reducing the impact of the systemic inflammatory response on the outcome of traumatic CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla Hazelton
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Queensland, Australia
| | - Abi Yates
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Dale
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Queensland, Australia
| | - Jay Roodselaar
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Akbar
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, RDM-Investigative Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc J Ruitenberg
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Couch
- 4 Acute Stroke Programme, RDM-Investigative Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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34
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Herbert JP, Guillotte AR, Hammer RD, Litofsky NS. Coagulopathy in the Setting of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Truths and Consequences. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070092. [PMID: 28737691 PMCID: PMC5532605 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common, although poorly-defined clinical entity. Despite its initially mild presentation, patients with mTBI can rapidly deteriorate, often due to significant expansion of intracranial hemorrhage. TBI-associated coagulopathy is the topic of significant clinical and basic science research. Unlike trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), TBI-associated coagulopathy does not generally follow widespread injury or global hypoperfusion, suggesting a distinct pathogenesis. Although the fundamental mechanisms of TBI-associated coagulopathy are far from clearly elucidated, several candidate molecules (tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue factor (TF), and brain-derived microparticles (BDMP)) have been proposed which might explain how even minor brain injury can induce local and systemic coagulopathy. Here, we review the incidence, proposed mechanisms, and common clinical tests relevant to mTBI-associated coagulopathy and briefly summarize our own institutional experience in addition to identifying areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Herbert
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Andrew R Guillotte
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Richard D Hammer
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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