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Liang W, Yang X, Li X, Wang P, Zhu Z, Liu S, Xu D, Zhi X, Xue J. Investigating gene signatures associated with immunity in colon adenocarcinoma to predict the immunotherapy effectiveness using NFM and WGCNA algorithms. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7596-7621. [PMID: 38742936 PMCID: PMC11131999 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), a frequently encountered and highly lethal malignancy of the digestive system, has been the focus of intensive research regarding its prognosis. The intricate immune microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of COAD; nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the immune gene expression patterns in COAD, construct a robust prognostic model, and delve into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby providing critical support for individualized treatment strategies and prognostic evaluation. Initially, we curated a comprehensive dataset by screening 2600 immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort and InnateDB databases, successfully obtaining a rich data resource. Subsequently, the COAD patient cohort was classified using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, enabling accurate categorization. Continuing on, utilizing the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method, we analyzed the top 5000 genes with the smallest p-values among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between immune subtypes. Through this rigorous screening process, we identified the gene modules with the strongest correlation to the COAD subpopulation, and the intersection of genes in these modules with DEGs (COAD vs COAD vs Normal colon tissue) is referred to as Differentially Expressed Immune Genes Associated with COAD (DEIGRC). Employing diverse bioinformatics methodologies, we successfully developed a prognostic model (DPM) consisting of six genes derived from the DEIGRC, which was further validated across multiple independent datasets. Not only does this predictive model accurately forecast the prognosis of COAD patients, but it also provides valuable insights for formulating personalized treatment regimens. Within the constructed DPM, we observed a downregulation of CALB2 expression levels in COAD tissues, whereas NOXA1, KDF1, LARS2, GSR, and TIMP1 exhibited upregulated expression levels. These genes likely play indispensable roles in the initiation and progression of COAD and thus represent potential therapeutic targets for patient management. Furthermore, our investigation into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis revealed associations with relevant processes such as fat digestion and absorption, cancer gene protein polysaccharides, and nitrogen metabolism. Consequently, genes including CAV1, ANXA1, CPS1, EDNRA, and GC emerge as promising candidates as therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby providing crucial insights for future clinical practices and drug development. In summary, this study uncovers the immune gene expression patterns in COAD, establishes a robust prognostic model, and elucidates the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby possessing significant theoretical and clinical implications. These findings are anticipated to offer substantial support for both the treatment and prognosis management of COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Bioimaging Core of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
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Myeloma Microenvironmental TIMP1 Induces the Invasive Phenotype in Fibroblasts to Modulate Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032216. [PMID: 36768545 PMCID: PMC9917104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are endogenous matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. TIMP1 is produced by cancer cells and has pleiotropic activities. However, its role and source in multiple myeloma (MM) are unclear. Here, we evaluated TIMP1 protein and mRNA levels in bone marrow (BM) plasma cells and assessed the effects of TIMP1 expression on fibroblast invasive capacity using three-dimensional spheroid cell invasion assays. TIMP1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated when patients progressed from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or smouldering myeloma to MM. Furthermore, TIMP1 levels decreased at complete response and TIMP1 protein levels increased with higher international staging. TIMP1 mRNA levels were markedly higher in extramedullary plasmacytoma and MM with t(4;14). Overall survival and post-progression survival were significantly lower in MM patients with high TIMP1 protein. Recombinant TIMP1 did not directly affect MM cells but enhanced the invasive capacity of fibroblasts; this effect was suppressed by treatment with anti-TIMP1 antibodies. Fibroblasts supported myeloma cell invasion and expansion in extracellular matrix. Overall, these results suggested that MM-derived TIMP1 induces the invasive phenotype in fibroblasts and is involved in disease progression. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific roles of TIMP1 in MM and facilitate the development of novel therapies targeting the TIMP1 pathway.
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A CAF-Fueled TIMP-1/CD63/ITGB1/STAT3 Feedback Loop Promotes Migration and Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204983. [PMID: 36291767 PMCID: PMC9599197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of the tumor microenvironment and influence cancer cell behavior in numerous ways. A large part of their actions is based on their high secretory activity, leading to the exposure of cancer cells to all kinds of bioactive factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here, we present data showing that CAF-derived TIMP-1 activates STAT3 in breast cancer cells in cooperation with CD63 and integrin β1. In turn, STAT3 increases TIMP-1 secretion by breast cancer cells, leading to a TIMP-1/CD63/integrin β1/STAT3 positive feedback loop, which can be further fueled by IL-6. Functionally, this feedback loop is important for the CAF-induced increase in migratory activity and for CAF-induced resistance to the anti-estrogen fulvestrant. Abstract TIMP-1 is one of the many factors that CAFs have been shown to secret. TIMP-1 can act in a tumor-supportive or tumor-suppressive manner. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of CAF-secreted TIMP-1 for the effects of CAFs on breast cancer cell behavior. Breast cancer cells were exposed to conditioned medium collected from TIMP-1-secreting CAFs (CAF-CM), and the specific effects of TIMP-1 on protein expression, migration and growth were examined using TIMP-1-specifc siRNA (siTIMP1), recombinant TIMP-1 protein (rhTIMP-1) and TIMP-1 level-rising phorbol ester. We observed that TIMP-1 increased the expression of its binding partner CD63 and induced STAT3 and ERK1/2 activation by cooperating with CD63 and integrin β1. Since TIMP-1 expression was found to be dependent on STAT3, TIMP-1 activated its own expression, resulting in a TIMP-1/CD63/integrin β1/STAT3 feedback loop. IL-6, a classical STAT3 activator, further fueled this loop. Knock-down of each component of the feedback loop prevented the CAF-induced increase in migratory activity and inhibited cellular growth in adherent cultures in the presence and absence of the anti-estrogen fulvestrant. These data show that TIMP-1/CD63/integrin β1/STAT3 plays a role in the effects of CAFs on breast cancer cell behavior.
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Gracioso Martins AM, Biehl A, Sze D, Freytes DO. Bioreactors for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:182-205. [PMID: 33446061 PMCID: PMC8892964 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that almost one-third of the United States population will be affected by a vocal fold (VF) disorder during their lifespan. Promising therapies to treat VF injury and scarring are mostly centered on VF tissue engineering strategies such as the injection of engineered biomaterials and cell therapy. VF tissue engineering, however, is a challenging field as the biomechanical properties, structure, and composition of the VF tissue change upon exposure to mechanical stimulation. As a result, the development of long-term VF treatment strategies relies on the characterization of engineered tissues under a controlled mechanical environment. In this review, we highlight the importance of bioreactors as a powerful tool for VF tissue engineering with a focus on the current state of the art of bioreactors designed to mimic phonation in vitro. We discuss the influence of the phonatory environment on the development, function, injury, and healing of the VF tissue and its importance for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. A concise and comprehensive overview of bioreactor designs, principles, operating parameters, and scalability are presented. An in-depth analysis of VF bioreactor data to date reveals that mechanical stimulation significantly influences cell viability and the expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes in vitro. Although the precision and accuracy of bioreactors contribute to generating reliable results, diverse gene expression profiles across the literature suggest that future efforts should focus on the standardization of bioreactor parameters to enable direct comparisons between studies. Impact statement We present a comprehensive review of bioreactors for vocal fold (VF) tissue engineering with a focus on the influence of the phonatory environment on the development, function, injury, and healing of the VFs and the importance of mimicking phonation on engineered VF tissues in vitro. Furthermore, we put forward a strong argument for the continued development of bioreactors in this area with an emphasis on the standardization of bioreactor designs, principles, operating parameters, and oscillatory regimes to enable comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gracioso Martins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andreea Biehl
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daphne Sze
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald O Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Liu H, Xiang Y, Zong QB, Zhang XY, Wang ZW, Fang SQ, Zhang TC, Liao XH. miR-6745-TIMP1 axis inhibits cell growth and metastasis in gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24402-24416. [PMID: 34775375 PMCID: PMC8610132 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) has been reported to act as a tumor oncogene in colon cancer. However, little is known about the biological role of TIMP1 in gastric cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of TIMP1 in GC tissues was upregulated compared with the normal gastric tissues. TIMP1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-6745 and silencing TIMP1 mimicked the effects of miR-6745 in GC cells. Further mechanism studies have shown that miR-6745 inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting TIMP1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In addition, through the analysis of GC tissues, a negative correlation between miR-6745 and TIMP1 was found in 42 GC tissues. Our findings indicate that the miR-6745-TIMP1 axis regulates Wnt/βcatenin signaling and participates in GC tumorigenesis and provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Bei Zong
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Wang
- Yueyang Key Laboratory of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Yueyang Vocational and Technical College, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qiang Fang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Tong-Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430081, P.R. China
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Jiang X, Zhang W, Li L, Xie S. Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Hub Genes and Pathways Involved in Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609985. [PMID: 34737677 PMCID: PMC8560649 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a high mortality malignancy, has become a worldwide public health concern. Acquired resistance to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib challenges its clinical efficacy and the survival benefits it provides to patients with advanced HCC. This study aimed to identify critical genes and pathways associated with sorafenib resistance in HCC using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using four HCC gene expression profiles (including 34 sorafenib-resistant and 29 sorafenib-sensitive samples) based on the robust rank aggregation method and R software. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and small molecules reversing sorafenib resistance were searched for using the connectivity map (CMAP) database. Pearson correlation and survival analyses of hub genes were performed using cBioPortal and Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Finally, the expression levels of hub genes in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells were verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). A total of 165 integrated DEGs (66 upregulated and 99 downregulated in sorafenib resistant samples compared sorafenib sensitive ones) primarily enriched in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, extracellular exosome, and protease binding were identified. Some pathways were commonly shared between the integrated DEGs. Seven promising therapeutic agents and 13 hub genes were identified. These findings provide a strategy and theoretical basis for overcoming sorafenib resistance in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province/Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Kunc M, Popęda M, Biernat W, Senkus E. Lost but Not Least-Novel Insights into Progesterone Receptor Loss in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194755. [PMID: 34638241 PMCID: PMC8507533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PgR) are crucial prognostic and predictive biomarkers that are usually co-expressed in breast cancer (BC). However, 12-24% of BCs present ERα(+)/PgR(-) phenotype at immunohistochemical evaluation. In fact, BC may either show primary PgR(-) status (in chemonaïve tumor sample), lose PgR expression during neoadjuvant treatment, or acquire PgR(-) phenotype in local relapse or metastasis. The loss of PgR expression in ERα(+) breast cancer may signify resistance to endocrine therapy and poorer outcomes. On the other hand, ERα(+)/PgR(-) BCs may have a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy than double-positive tumors. Loss of PgR expression may be a result of pre-transcriptional alterations (copy number loss, mutation, epigenetic modifications), decreased transcription of the PGR gene (e.g., by microRNAs), and post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, sumoylation). Various processes involved in the down-regulation of PgR have distinct consequences on the biology of cancer cells. Occasionally, negative PgR status detected by immunohistochemical analysis is paradoxically associated with enhanced transcriptional activity of PgR that might be inhibited by antiprogestin treatment. Identification of the mechanism of PgR loss in each patient seems challenging, yet it may provide important information on the biology of the tumor and predict its responsiveness to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kunc
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Marta Popęda
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Senkus
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-584-4481
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Liu Y, Li C, Dong L, Chen X, Fan R. Identification and verification of three key genes associated with survival and prognosis of COAD patients via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200141. [PMID: 32936304 PMCID: PMC7522359 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal malignancy in the world, wherein colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most prevalent type of CRC. Exploring biomarkers is important for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COAD. METHODS We used GEO2R and Venn online software for differential gene screening analysis. Hub genes were screened via Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) and Cytoscape, following Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Finally, survival analysis and RNA expression validation were performed via UALCAN online software and real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to verify the protein expression level of hub genes from tissues of COAD patients. RESULTS In the present study, we screened 323 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four GSE datasets. Furthermore, four hub genes were selected for survival correlation analysis and expression level verification, three of which were shown to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Serpin Family E Member 1 (SERPINE1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) may be biomarkers closely related to the prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Lijin Dong
- Editorial Department of Education and Research Security Centre, Logistic University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, P.R. China
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Veschi V, Verona F, Lo Iacono M, D'Accardo C, Porcelli G, Turdo A, Gaggianesi M, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M. Cancer Stem Cells in Thyroid Tumors: From the Origin to Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:566. [PMID: 32982967 PMCID: PMC7477072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid tumors are extremely heterogeneous varying from almost benign tumors with good prognosis as papillary or follicular tumors, to the undifferentiated ones with severe prognosis. Recently, several models of thyroid carcinogenesis have been described, mostly hypothesizing a major role of the thyroid cancer stem cell (TCSC) population in both cancer initiation and metastasis formation. However, the cellular origin of TCSC is still incompletely understood. Here, we review the principal epigenetic mechanisms relevant to TCSC origin and maintenance in both well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid tumors. Specifically, we describe the alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifiers, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in TCSC survival, focusing on the potential of targeting aberrant epigenetic modifications for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Moreover, we discuss the bidirectional relationship between TCSCs and immune cells. The cells of innate and adaptive response can promote the TCSC-driven tumorigenesis, and conversely, TCSCs may favor the expansion of immune cells with protumorigenic functions. Finally, we evaluate the role of the tumor microenvironment and the complex cross-talk of chemokines, hormones, and cytokines in regulating thyroid tumor initiation, progression, and therapy refractoriness. The re-education of the stromal cells can be an effective strategy to fight thyroid cancer. Dissecting the genetic and epigenetic landscape of TCSCs and their interactions with tumor microenvironment cells is urgently needed to select more appropriate treatment and improve the outcome of patients affected by advanced differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Matilde Todaro
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Dai GP, Wang LP, Wen YQ, Ren XQ, Zuo SG. Identification of key genes for predicting colorectal cancer prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:388-398. [PMID: 31897151 PMCID: PMC6924121 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a life-threatening disease with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular prognostic biomarkers for CRC. The present study aimed to identify potential key genes that could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with CRC. Three CRC microarray datasets (GSE20916, GSE73360 and GSE44861) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and one dataset was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The three GEO datasets were analyzed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the BRB-ArrayTools software. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of these DEGs were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tool. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed, hub genes were extracted, and modules of the PPI network were analyzed. To investigate the prognostic values of the hub genes in CRC, data from the CRC datasets of TCGA were used to perform the survival analyses based on the sample splitting method and Cox regression model. Correlation among the hub genes was evaluated using Spearman's correlation analysis. In the three GEO datasets, a total of 105 common DEGs were identified, including 51 down- and 54 up-regulated genes in CRC compared with normal colorectal tissues. A PPI network consisting of 100 DEGs and 551 edges was constructed, and 44 nodes were identified as hub genes. Among these 44 genes, the four hub genes TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1), solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) and ATP binding cassette subfamily E member 1 (ABCE1) were associated with overall survival (OS) in patients with CRC. Three significant modules were extracted from the PPI network. The hub gene TIMP1 was present in Module 1, ABCE1 was involved in Module 2 and SLC4A4 was identified in Module 3. Univariate analysis revealed that TIMP1, SLC4A4, AKR1B10 and ABCE1 were associated with the OS of patients with CRC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SLC4A4 may be an independent prognostic factor associated with OS. Furthermore, the results from correlation analysis revealed that there was no correlation between TIMP1, SLC4A4 and ABCE1, whereas AKR1B10 was positively correlated with SLC4A4. In conclusion, the four key genes TIMP1, SLC4A4, AKR1B10 and ABCE1 associated with the OS of patients with CRC were identified by integrated bioinformatics analysis. These key genes may be used as prognostic biomarkers to predict the survival of patients with CRC, and may therefore represent novel therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Peng Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Zuo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
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11
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Binato R, Santos EC, Boroni M, Demachki S, Assumpção P, Abdelhay E. A common molecular signature of intestinal-type gastric carcinoma indicates processes related to gastric carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7359-7371. [PMID: 29484116 PMCID: PMC5800908 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. According to the Lauren classification, this adenocarcinoma is divided into two subtypes, intestinal and diffuse, which differ in their clinical, epidemiological and molecular features. Several studies have attempted to delineate the molecular signature of gastric cancer to develop new and non-invasive screening tests that improve diagnosis and lead to new treatment strategies. However, a consensus signature has not yet been identified for each condition. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the gene expression profile of Brazilian intestinal-type GC tissues using microarrays and compare the results to those of non-tumor tissue samples. Moreover, we compared our intestinal-type gastric carcinoma profile with those obtained from populations worldwide to assess their similarity. The results identified a molecular signature for intestinal-type GC and revealed that 38 genes differentially expressed in Brazilian intestinal-type gastric carcinoma samples can successfully distinguish gastric tumors from non-tumor tissue in the global population. These differentially expressed genes participate in biological processes important to cell homeostasis. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that 7 of these genes could individually be able to predict overall survival in intestinal-type gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Binato
- Laboratório de Célula tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer (INCT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Everton Cruz Santos
- Laboratório de Célula tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer (INCT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samia Demachki
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Laboratório de Célula tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Para o Controle do Câncer (INCT), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Toricelli M, Melo FHM, Hunger A, Zanatta D, Strauss BE, Jasiulionis MG. Timp1 Promotes Cell Survival by Activating the PDK1 Signaling Pathway in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9040037. [PMID: 28430130 PMCID: PMC5406712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High TIMP1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in melanoma, where it can bind to CD63 and β1 integrin, inducing PI3-kinase pathway and cell survival. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), generated under phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation, enables the recruitment and activation of protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) at the membrane, resulting in the phosphorylation of a host of other proteins. Using a melanoma progression model, we evaluated the impact of Timp1 and AKT silencing, as well as PI3K, PDK1, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on aggressiveness characteristics. Timp1 downregulation resulted in decreased anoikis resistance, clonogenicity, dacarbazine resistance, and in vivo tumor growth and lung colonization. In metastatic cells, pAKTThr308 is highly expressed, contributing to anoikis resistance. We showed that PDK1Ser241 and PKCβIISer660 are activated by Timp1 in different stages of melanoma progression, contributing to colony formation and anoikis resistance. Moreover, simultaneous inhibition of Timp1 and AKT in metastatic cells resulted in more effective anoikis inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that Timp1 promotes cell survival with the participation of PDK1 and PKC in melanoma. In addition, Timp1 and AKT act synergistically to confer anoikis resistance in advanced tumor stages. This study brings new insights about the mechanisms by which Timp1 promotes cell survival in melanoma, and points to novel perspectives for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Toricelli
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana H M Melo
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
| | - Aline Hunger
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Zanatta
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM 24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Miriam G Jasiulionis
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil.
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13
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The Angiogenic Secretome in VEGF overexpressing Breast Cancer Xenografts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39460. [PMID: 27995973 PMCID: PMC5171865 DOI: 10.1038/srep39460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of cancer cells and the fluidity of the tumor microenvironment continue to present major challenges in the comprehensive understanding of cancer that is essential to design effective treatments. The tumor interstitial fluid (TIF) encompasses the secretome and holds the key to several of the phenotypic characteristics of cancer. Difficulties in sampling this fluid have resulted in limited characterization of its components. Here we have sampled TIF from triple negative and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast tumor xenografts with or without VEGF overexpression. Angiogenesis-related factors were characterized in the TIF and plasma, to understand the relationship between the TIF and plasma secretomes. Clear differences were observed between the TIF and plasma angiogenic secretomes in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts compared to ER-positive MCF-7 xenografts with or without VEGF overexpression that provide new insights into TIF components and the role of VEGF in modifying the angiogenic secretome.
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14
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Song G, Xu S, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xiao C, Jiang T, Wu L, Zhang T, Sun X, Zhong L, Zhou C, Wang Z, Peng Z, Chen J, Wang X. TIMP1 is a prognostic marker for the progression and metastasis of colon cancer through FAK-PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:148. [PMID: 27644693 PMCID: PMC5028967 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) plays a vital role in carcinogenesis, yet its precise functional roles and regulation remain unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate its biological function and clinical significance in human colon cancer. METHODS We analyzed the expression of TIMP1 in both public database (Oncomine and TCGA) and 94 cases of primary colon cancer and matched normal colon tissue specimens. The underlying mechanisms of altered TIMP1 expression on cell tumorigenesis, proliferation, and metastasis were explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TIMP1 was overexpressed in colon tumorous tissues and lymph node metastasis specimens than in normal tissues. The aberrant expression of TIMP1 was significantly associated with the regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.033), distant metastasis (p = 0.039), vascular invasion (p = 0.024) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.026). Cox proportional hazards model showed that TIMP1 was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (HR = 2.603, 95 % CI: 1.115-6.077, p = 0.027) and overall survival (HR = 2.907, 95 % CI: 1.254-6.737, p = 0.013) for patients with colon cancer. Consistent with this, our findings highlight that suppression of TIMP1 expression decreased proliferation, and metastasis but increased apoptosis by inducing TIMP1 specific regulated FAK-PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION TIMP1 might play an important role in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis of human colon cancer and function as a potential prognostic indicator for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohe Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, SE 70182, Sweden
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongzhi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Wu J, Qin H, Li T, Cheng K, Dong J, Tian M, Chai N, Guo H, Li J, You X, Dong M, Ye M, Nie Y, Zou H, Fan D. Characterization of site-specific glycosylation of secreted proteins associated with multi-drug resistance of gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:25315-27. [PMID: 27015365 PMCID: PMC5041906 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) remains a great obstacle to effective chemotherapy for gastric cancer. A number of secreted glycoproteins have been reported to be involved in the development of MDR in gastric cancer. However, whether glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins changes during MDR of gastric cancer is unclear. Our present work manifested that N-glycosites and site-specific glycoforms of secreted proteins in drug-resistant cell lines were distinctly different from those in the parental cell line for the first time. Further characterization highlighted the significance of some aberrantly glycosylated secretory proteins in MDR, suggesting that manipulating the glycosylation of specific glycoproteins could be a potential target for overcoming multi-drug resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaqiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Na Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin You
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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16
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Jandu H, Aluzaite K, Fogh L, Thrane SW, Noer JB, Proszek J, Do KN, Hansen SN, Damsgaard B, Nielsen SL, Stougaard M, Knudsen BR, Moreira J, Hamerlik P, Gajjar M, Smid M, Martens J, Foekens J, Pommier Y, Brünner N, Schrohl AS, Stenvang J. Molecular characterization of irinotecan (SN-38) resistant human breast cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 26801902 PMCID: PMC4722663 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in taxane and/or anthracycline refractory metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients have shown approximately 30 % response rates to irinotecan. Hence, a significant number of patients will experience irinotecan-induced side effects without obtaining any benefit. The aim of this study was to lay the groundwork for development of predictive biomarkers for irinotecan treatment in BC. Methods We established BC cell lines with acquired or de novo resistance to SN-38, by exposing the human BC cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to either stepwise increasing concentrations over 6 months or an initial high dose of SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), respectively. The resistant cell lines were analyzed for cross-resistance to other anti-cancer drugs, global gene expression, growth rates, TOP1 and TOP2A gene copy numbers and protein expression, and inhibition of the breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP) drug efflux pump. Results We found that the resistant cell lines showed 7–100 fold increased resistance to SN-38 but remained sensitive to docetaxel and the non-camptothecin Top1 inhibitor LMP400. The resistant cell lines were characterized by Top1 down-regulation, changed isoelectric points of Top1 and reduced growth rates. The gene and protein expression of ABCG2/BCRP was up-regulated in the resistant sub-lines and functional assays revealed BCRP as a key mediator of SN-38 resistance. Conclusions Based on our preclinical results, we suggest analyzing the predictive value of the BCRP in breast cancer patients scheduled for irinotecan treatment. Moreover, LMP400 should be tested in a clinical setting in breast cancer patients with resistance to irinotecan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2071-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haatisha Jandu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristina Aluzaite
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise Fogh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sebastian Wingaard Thrane
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julie B Noer
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Joanna Proszek
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, building 18B, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Khoa Nguyen Do
- DTU Multiassay Core (DMAC), Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 208, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Stine Ninel Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Britt Damsgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Signe Lykke Nielsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, building 18B, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Birgitta R Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - José Moreira
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Madhavsai Gajjar
- Brain Tumor Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marcel Smid
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John Martens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John Foekens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yves Pommier
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular, Pharmacology, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 5068, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
| | - Nils Brünner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Sofie Schrohl
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jan Stenvang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section for Molecular Disease Biology and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Agrawal A, Robertson JFR, Cheung KL, Gutteridge E, Ellis IO, Nicholson RI, Gee JMW. Biological effects of fulvestrant on estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer: short, medium and long-term effects based on sequential biopsies. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:146-59. [PMID: 26178788 PMCID: PMC4879515 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first study of the biological effect of fulvestrant on ER positive clinical breast cancer using sequential biopsies through to progression. Thirty-two locally/systemically advanced breast cancers treated with first-line fulvestrant (250 mg/month) were biopsied at therapy initiation, 6 weeks, 6 months and progression and immunohistochemically-analyzed for Ki67, ER, EGFR and HER2 expression/signaling activity. This series showed good fulvestrant responses (duration of response [DoR] = 25.8 months; clinical benefit = 81%). Ki67 fell (p < 0.001) in 79% of tumours by 6 months and lower Ki67 at all preprogression time-points predicted for longer DoR. ER and PR significantly decreased in all tumours by 6 months (p < 0.001), with some declines in ER (serine 118) phosphorylation and Bcl-2 (p = 0.007). There were modest HER2 increases (p = 0.034, 29% tumours) and loss of any detectable EGFR phosphorylation (p = 0.024, 50% tumours) and MAP kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation (p = 0.019, 65% tumours) by 6 months. While ER remained low, there was some recovery of Ki67, Bcl-2 and (weakly) EGFR/MAPK activity in 45-67% patients at progression. Fulvestrant's anti-proliferative impact is related to DoR, but while commonly downregulating ER and indicators of its signaling and depleting EGFR/MAPK signaling in some patients, additional elements must determine response duration. Residual ER at fulvestrant relapse explains reported sensitivity to further endocrine therapies. Occasional modest treatment-induced HER2 and weakly detectable EGFR/HER2/MAPK signaling at relapse suggests targeting of such activity might have value alongside fulvestrant in some patients. However, unknown pathways must drive relapse in most. Ki67 has biomarker potential to predict fulvestrant outcome and as a quantitative measure of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agrawal
- Division of Breast Surgery, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Breast Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John F R Robertson
- Division of Breast Surgery, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Kwok L Cheung
- Division of Breast Surgery, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Gutteridge
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I Nicholson
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M W Gee
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
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18
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Wen X, Wu JQ, Peng W, Feng JF, Tang JH. MicroRNA-377 predicts poor clinical outcome of gastric cancer and induces tumorigenesis by targeting multiple tumor-suppressor genes. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:203-10. [PMID: 25998046 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs are evolutionally conserved small non-coding RNAs that are critical for the regulation of gene expression. The aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is involved in tumorigenesis and prognosis. In the present study, the clinical significance of miR-377 was assessed using RT-qPCR and MTT assay. The results showed that the expression of miR-377 was upregulated in GC compared with normal gastric tissues, and its expression level was increased in GC cell lines compared with normal gastric cells. In addition, there was a significant association between miR-377 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, in particular distant metastasis, TNM stage and early recurrence. GC patients with a higher miR-377 expression showed significantly poorer overall survival (OR) and shorter time to recurrence than those with a lower miR-377 expression. The Cox regression analysis identified miR-377 overexpression as an independent prognostic factor for GC. Overexpression of miR-377 in MKN-45 GC cells significantly promoted cell proliferation, whereas the suppression of miR-377 inhibited these effects. Furthermore, miR-377 downregulated p53, PTEN and TIMP1 expression by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of these target genes. Collectively, miR-377 potentially served as a new molecular predictive biomarker of GC tumorigenesis and prognosis, which may be useful in targeted therapy and the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Feng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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