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Senchukova MA, Kalinin EA, Volchenko NN. Different types of tumor microvessels in stage I-IIIA squamous cell lung cancer and their clinical significance. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:614-634. [PMID: 38835849 PMCID: PMC11145955 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i5.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among malignant neoplasms. Improving the diagnosis and treatment of LC remains an urgent task of modern oncology. Previously, we established that in gastric, breast and cervical cancer, tumor microvessels (MVs) differ in morphology and have different prognostic significance. The connection between different types of tumor MVs and the progression of LC is not well understood. AIM To evaluate the morphological features and clinical significance of tumor MVs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study examined medical records and archival paraffin blocks of 62 and 180 patients with stage I-IIIA LUSC in the training and main cohorts, respectively. All patients underwent radical surgery (R0) at the Orenburg Regional Cancer Clinic from May/20/2009 to December/14/2021. Tumor sections were routinely processed, and routine Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), podoplanin, Snail and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha were performed. The morphological features of different types of tumor MVs, tumor parenchyma and stroma were studied according to clinicopathological characteristics and LUSC prognosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for LUSC metastasis to regional lymph nodes (RLNs) and disease recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to discriminate between patients with and without metastases in RLNs and those with and without disease recurrence. The effectiveness of the predictive models was assessed by the area under the curve. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves between patient subgroups. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS Depending on the morphology, we classified tumor vessels into the following types: normal MVs, dilated capillaries (DCs), atypical DCs, DCs with weak expression of CD34, "contact-type" DCs, structures with partial endothelial linings, capillaries in the tumor solid component and lymphatic vessels in lymphoid and polymorphocellular infiltrates. We also evaluated the presence of loose, fine fibrous connective tissue (LFFCT) and retraction clefts in the tumor stroma, tumor spread into the alveolar air spaces (AASs) and fragmentation of the tumor solid component. According to multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of LUSC metastasis in RLNs were central tumor location (P < 0.00001), the presence of retraction clefts (P = 0.003), capillaries in the tumor solid component (P = 0.023) and fragmentation in the tumor solid component (P = 0.009), whereas the independent predictors of LUSC recurrence were tumor grade 3 (G3) (P = 0.001), stage N2 (P = 0.016), the presence of LFFCT in the tumor stroma (P < 0.00001), fragmentation of the tumor solid component (P = 0.0001), and the absence of tumor spread through the AASs (P = 0.0083). CONCLUSION The results obtained confirm the correctness of our previously proposed classification of different types of tumor vessels and may contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Senchukova
- Department of Oncology, Orenburg State Medical University, Orenburg 460000, Russia
| | - Evgeniy A Kalinin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Orenburg Regional Cancer Clinic, Orenburg 460021, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N Volchenko
- Department of Pathology, PA Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Centre, Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center, Moscow 125284, Russia
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Yu JE, Yeo IJ, Han SB, Yun J, Kim B, Yong YJ, Lim YS, Kim TH, Son DJ, Hong JT. Significance of chitinase-3-like protein 1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1-18. [PMID: 38177294 PMCID: PMC10834487 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates inflammation, macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is strongly upregulated by various inflammatory and immunological diseases, including several cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Several studies have shown that CHI3L1 can be considered as a marker of disease diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, and severity. In addition, the proinflammatory action of CHI3L1 may be mediated via responses to various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. Therefore, CHI3L1 may contribute to a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, its pathophysiological and pharmacological roles in the development of inflammatory diseases remain unclear. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the roles of CHI3L1 in the development of inflammatory diseases and suggest therapeutic approaches that target CHI3L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Yu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongcheol Kim
- Senelix Co. Ltd., 25, Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Yong
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Lim
- PRESTI GEBIOLOGICS Co. Ltd., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Autotelic Bio Inc., Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Nechita VI, Hajjar NA, Drugan C, Cătană CS, Moiş E, Nechita MA, Graur F. Chitotriosidase and Neopterin as Two Novel Potential Biomarkers for Advanced Stage and Survival Prediction in Gastric Cancer—A Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071362. [PMID: 37046579 PMCID: PMC10093230 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth type of neoplasia most frequently diagnosed and the fourth cause of death among other cancers. Prevalence is around two times higher for males than females. Chitotriosidase and neopterin are two molecular biomarkers with potential diagnostic and prognostic use in malignant pathology. We conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study on thirty-nine patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.78 and an average age of 64.3 ± 9.97 years. No statistically significant differences in biomarker levels at presentation were observed between curative-intent surgery (28 patients) and advanced cases, suited only for palliative procedures (11 patients). Biomarker values were not significantly different for the advanced T stage and the presence of metastasis (p > 0.05—Mann Whitney test). The patients that died in the first 30 days after surgery did not present significantly different values at baseline, in comparison with those that had longer survival times, though a significant cut-off value was observed for chitotriosidase activity at 310 nmol/mL/h [AUC (area under the curve) = 0.78; 95% CI (0.61–0.92)]. The cut-off values corresponding to death after the first year, tumor invasion, and metastasis were not statistically significant. In the COX multivariate model, neopterin did not validate itself as a prognostic biomarker, however, chitotriosidase activity before surgery was significantly associated with overall survival (HR = 1.0038, p = 0.03). We conclude that chitotriosidase may have the potential to improve the prognostic model for gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad-Ionuţ Nechita
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Str., No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 010336 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 010336 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Str., No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Drugan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Str., No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina-Sorina Cătană
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Str., No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Moiş
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 010336 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Str., No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela-Ancuţa Nechita
- “Ion Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, Republicii Str., No. 34–36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Graur
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 010336 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Str., No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Oh IH, Pyo JS, Son BK. Prognostic Impact of YKL-40 Immunohistochemical Expression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:3139-3149. [PMID: 34436040 PMCID: PMC8395453 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the YKL-40 immunohistochemical expression of tumor and immune cells through human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue. We performed immunohistochemistry for YKL-40 and investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic impact of the YKL-40 expression of tumor (T-YKL-40) and immune cells (I-YKL-40) in CRC. We also evaluated the correlation between YKL-40 and PD-L1 expression and the immunoscore. YKL-40 was expressed in 22.6% and 64.2% of T-YKL-40 and I-YKL-40, respectively, out of the 265 CRC tissues. The I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with well and moderately differentiated tumors. The PD-L1 expression in immune cells significantly correlated with the I-YKL-40 expression, but not T-YKL-40 expression (p = 0.020 and p = 0.846, respectively). The I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with a worse overall survival rate but not recurrence-free survival (p = 0.047 and p = 0.080, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between the T-YKL-40 expression and survival. In CRCs with a high immunoscore, patients with I-YKL-40 expression demonstrated worse overall and recurrence-free survival than those without I-YKL-40 expression. Our results demonstrated that I-YKL-40 expression significantly correlated with tumor differentiation and PD-L1 expression in immune cells. I-YKL-40 expression can be useful for the prognostic stratification of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
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Selection and Characterization of YKL-40-Targeting Monoclonal Antibodies from Human Synthetic Fab Phage Display Libraries. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176354. [PMID: 32883029 PMCID: PMC7504393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, also known as chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1), is a glycoprotein that is expressed and secreted by various cell types, including cancers and macrophages. Due to its implications for and upregulation in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory conditions, fibrotic disorders, and tumor growth, YKL-40 has been considered as a significant therapeutic biomarker. Here, we used a phage display to develop novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting human YKL-40 (hYKL-40). Human synthetic antibody phage display libraries were panned against a recombinant hYKL-40 protein, yielding seven unique Fabs (Antigen-binding fragment), of which two Fabs (H1 and H2) were non-aggregating and thermally stable (75.5 °C and 76.5 °C, respectively) and had high apparent affinities (KD = 2.3 nM and 4.0 nM, respectively). Reformatting the Fabs into IgGs (Immunoglobulin Gs) increased their apparent affinities (notably, for H1 and H2, KD = 0.5 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively), presumably due to the effects of avidity, with little change to their non-aggregation property. The six anti-hYKL-40 IgGs were analyzed using a trans-well migration assay in vitro, revealing that three clones (H1, H2, and H4) were notably effective in reducing cell migration from both A549 and H460 lung cancer cell lines. The three clones were further analyzed in an in vivo animal test that assessed their anti-cancer activities, demonstrating that the tumor area and the number of tumor nodules were significantly reduced in the lung tissues treated with H1 (IgG). Given its high affinity and desirable properties, we expect that the H1 anti-hYKL-40 mAb will be a suitable candidate for developing anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Mhaidly R, Mechta-Grigoriou F. Fibroblast heterogeneity in tumor micro-environment: Role in immunosuppression and new therapies. Semin Immunol 2020; 48:101417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yeo IJ, Lee CK, Han SB, Yun J, Hong JT. Roles of chitinase 3-like 1 in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107394. [PMID: 31356910 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is a secreted glycoprotein that mediates inflammation, macrophage polarization, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The expression of CHI3L1 is strongly increased by various inflammatory and immunological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and several cancers. However, its physiological and pathophysiological roles in the development of cancer and neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases remain unclear. Several studies have reported that CHI3L1 promotes cancer proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production, and microglial activation, and that multiple receptors, such as advanced glycation end product, syndecan-1/αVβ3, and IL-13Rα2, are involved. In addition, the pro-inflammatory action of CHI3L1 may be mediated via the protein kinase B and phosphoinositide-3 signaling pathways and responses to various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ. Therefore, CHI3L1 could contribute to a vast array of inflammatory diseases. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the roles of CHI3L1 and suggest therapeutic approaches targeting CHI3L1 in the development of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jun Yeo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea.
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High expression of Chitinase 3-like-1 is an unfavorable prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of upper urinary tract and urinary bladder. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:299.e7-299.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Defective Sphingolipids Metabolism and Tumor Associated Macrophages as the Possible Links Between Gaucher Disease and Blood Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040843. [PMID: 30781349 PMCID: PMC6412850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rising number of evidence indicating the increased risk of cancer development in association with congenital metabolic errors. Although these diseases represent disorders of individual genes, they lead to the disruption of metabolic pathways resulting in metabolite accumulation or their deficiency. Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis. It is a rare lysosomal storage disease. A strong correlation between GD and different types of cancers, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma, has been reported. Common features for all types of GD include spleen and liver enlargement, cytopenia, and a variety of bone defects. Overall, the molecular bases leading to the association of GD and cancers are not clearly understood. Here, we describe the role of ceramides in GD, discuss the potential implications of immune cells activation and show how the disturbances in their metabolism might promote blood cancer development.
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Su CW, Chen MK, Hung WC, Yang SF, Chuang CY, Lin CW. Functional variant of CHI3L1 gene is associated with neck metastasis in oral cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:2685-2694. [PMID: 30341592 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral cancer is the most common head and neck malignancy, and it is associated with a high recurrence rate and lymph node metastasis potential. YKL-40, also known as chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), is a secreted glycoprotein that serves as a biomarker in several diseases. It also plays a crucial role in regulating many characteristics of cancer, such as cell growth, migration, anti-apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence supports the link between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and oral cancer, but no report on the association between CHI3L1 polymorphisms and oral cancer is available. Thus, the present study evaluated the contribution of CHI3L1 SNPs to oral cancer susceptibility and clinicopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study recruited a total of 2362 subjects, comprising 1190 healthy male controls and 1172 male patients with oral cancer. Allelic discrimination of the CHI3L1 polymorphisms - 1371 G>A (rs6691378), - 247 G>A (rs10399805), - 131 C>G (rs4950928), and + 2950 T>C (rs880633) was assessed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We detected a significant association of rs10399805 and rs6691378 with the risk of oral cancer (AOR, 1.537; 95% CI, 1.089-2.168; p = 0.014; AOR, 1.561; 95% CI, 1.131-2.156; p = 0.007, respectively) after adjustment for three potential confounders, smoking, betel nut chewing, and alcohol consumption. Moreover, we found that oral cancer patients carrying the homozygous A/A genotype of the rs10399805 (p = 0.035) or rs6691378 polymorphism (p = 0.023) showed a significantly lower risk of lymph node metastasis. Moreover, according to the Genotype-Tissue Expression database, the rs10399805 and rs6691378 polymorphisms in the promoter region were associated with decreased levels of CHI3L1 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that the homozygous mutant allele of rs10399805 and rs6691378 appeared to have significantly lower risk of lymph node metastasis and associated with its mRNA levels in oral cancer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CHI3L1 polymorphisms rs10399805 and rs6691378 may act as biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis in oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chuang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Section 1, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Section 1, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Li L, Fan J, Li D, Liu Y, Shrestha P, Zhong C, Xia X, Huang X. Influence of YKL-40 gene RNA interference on the biological behaviors of endometrial cancer HEC-1A cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1777-1784. [PMID: 30008865 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) gene RNA interference on the biological behaviors and enhanced chemosensitivity of endometrial cancer (EC) HEC-1A cells. YKL-40 small interfering (si)RNA was transduced into EC HEC-1A cells using a lentivirus. The experiment was divided into three groups: The experimental group was transfected with YKL-40 siRNA (si-YKL-40); the mock-treatment group was transfected with transfection reagent only; and the blank control group was left untreated. A reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to investigate the mRNA expression levels of YKL-40. The biological behaviors, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, were detected by MTT and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of YKL-40 were downregulated within HEC-1A cells upon transfection with si-YKL-40 (P<0.05). The proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of HEC-1A cells were inhibited by si-YKL-40 (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of YKL-40 were upregulated within HEC-1A cells following treatment with cisplatin (P<0.05). FCM analysis revealed that the average cellular apoptosis rate increased following the inhibition of YKL-40 gene expression via siRNA (P<0.05). Therefore, the YKL-40 gene may be associated with the proliferative, migratory, invasive and anti-apoptotic ability of HEC-1A cells. YKL-40 downregulation may enhance the sensitivity of human EC HEC-1A cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Fan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dahai Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Poonam Shrestha
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Xia
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Emruzi Z, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Alikhajeh J, Haghbeen K, Gholami D. Improving the thermostability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase via G191V site-directed mutagenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:64-70. [PMID: 29733926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases with high thermostability are important for many industrial and biotechnological applications. This study was conducted to enhance the stability of Serratia marcescens B4A chitinase by site directed mutagenesis of G191 V. Further characterization showed that the thermal stability of the mutant showed marked increase of about 5 and 15 fold at 50 and 60 °C respectively, while the optimum temperature and pH was retained. Kinetic analysis showed decreased Km and Vmax of the mutant in comparison with the wild type chitinase of about 1.3 and 3 fold, respectively. Based on structural prediction, it was speculated that this replacement shortened an important loop concomitant with the extension of adjacent β sheets. Accordingly, a higher thermostability of G191 V up to 90 °C supporting the decreased flexibility of unfolded state was also indicated. Finally, a practical proof of kinetic and thermal stabilization of chitinase was provided through decreased flexibility and entropic stabilization of its surface loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Emruzi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan Alikhajeh
- Departments of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Gholami
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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13
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Cheng Y, Meng Q, Huang L, Shi X, Hou J, Li X, Liang J. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis and bioinformatics study of proteins in retinoblastoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:8084-8091. [PMID: 29344252 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze proteins in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients' retinoblastoma (RB), and investigate their potential role in RB using the comparative proteomic technique of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with offline two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 0.1 ml AH was collected from 10 children with RB (mean age, 3.8 years; range, 2-5 years) and patients with senile cataracts (mean age, 70.4 years; range, 65-79 years), which was used as the control. iTRAQ was used to analyze proteins in the AH of patients and controls. Proteins with a fold change of >1.20 or <0.83 were considered to be significantly differentially expressed (with corrected P<0.05). The identified proteins were subjected to subsequent gene ontology (GO) analysis using the DAVID database. A total of 83 proteins that were expressed differently between the controls and patients' AH samples were identified using iTRAQ analysis. Of these proteins, 44 were upregulated and 39 were downregulated. On the basis of biological processes in GO, the identified proteins were primarily involved in glycoprotein, amyloid acute-inflammatory and defensive responses. Among these proteins, pigment epithelium-derived factor serves a potential role in the treatment of RB, and stimulated by retinoic acid 6 may serve as a potential protein involved in RB development. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify 83 proteins associated with RB using iTRAQ technology. The results of the present study will aid in furthering the understanding of RB and developing novel therapy targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheng
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Shi
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hou
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Liang
- Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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14
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Sanfilippo C, Longo A, Lazzara F, Cambria D, Distefano G, Palumbo M, Cantarella A, Malaguarnera L, Di Rosa M. CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 overexpression in motor cortex and spinal cord of sALS patients. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:162-169. [PMID: 28989002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration and death of upper (UMN) and lower (LMN) motor neurons. In the last decade, it has been shown that Chitinases are an important prognostic indicator of neuro-inflammatory damage induced by microglia and astrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed microarray datasets obtained from the Array Express in order to verify the expression levels of CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 in motor cortex biopsies of sALS patients with different survival times. We also divided the sALS patients into smokers and non-smokers. In order to extend our analysis, we explored two additional microarray datasets, GSE833 and GSE26927, of post-mortem spinal cord biopsies from sALS patients. RESULTS The analysis showed that CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the motor cortex of sALS patients, compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, their expression levels were negatively correlated with survival time. Interesting results were obtained when we compared the expression levels of Chitinases among smokers. We showed that CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 were significantly upregulated in sALS smokers compared to non-smokers. Furthermore, we found that four genes belonging to the Chitinases network (SERPINA3, C1s, RRAD, HLA-DQA1) were significantly upregulated in the motor cortex of sALS patients and positively correlated with Chitinases expression levels. Similar results were obtained during the exploration of the two-microarray dataset. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 are associated with the progression of neurodegeneration in motor cortex and spinal cord of sALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanfilippo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - F Lazzara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - D Cambria
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Palumbo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - A Cantarella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Catania, Italy.
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15
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Luo D, Chen H, Lu P, Li X, Long M, Peng X, Huang M, Huang K, Lin S, Tan L, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Ouyang N, Li H. CHI3L1 overexpression is associated with metastasis and is an indicator of poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 18:273-284. [PMID: 28009325 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationships between the expression level of CHI3L1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS A total of 322 tissue samples from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were collected, and the CHI3L1 expression levels in tumor tissues, matched adjacent noncancerous tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR. The relationships between CHI3L1 expression levels and the clinical characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS CHI3L1 expression was significantly increased in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared with matched adjacent noncancerous tissues (P< 0.001), tumor tissues with lymph node metastasis (LNM) compared with tumor tissues without LNM (P< 0.001) and tumor tissues with distant organ metastasis (DOM) compared with tumor tissues without DOM (P< 0.01). CHI3L1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P= 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P< 0.0001), distant organ metastasis (P< 0.0001), extrathyroid invasion (P= 0.0022), vascular invasion (P= 0.0004) and TNM stage (P= 0.0001). CHI3L1 overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues correlates with the tumor malignant potential (P< 0.01). More importantly, Cox multifactor analysis indicated that patients with high CHI3L1 expression have lower overall survival, disease-free survival, lymph node recurrence-free survival, and distant recurrence free survival rates than those with low expression (P< 0.05). And our findings were further validated by online Oncomine database. CONCLUSIONS CHI3L1 is associated with tumor metastasis and might be a prognostic biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghui Lu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Center of Medical Research, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaoyun Long
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinzhi Peng
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Langping Tan
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibo Chen
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nengtai Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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16
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Lin JZ, Meng LL, Li YZ, Chen SX, Xu JL, Tang YJ, Lin N. Importance of activated hepatic stellate cells and angiopoietin-1 in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1721-5. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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RIG-like Helicase Regulation of Chitinase 3-like 1 Axis and Pulmonary Metastasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26299. [PMID: 27198666 PMCID: PMC4873814 DOI: 10.1038/srep26299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chi3l1 is induced by a variety of cancers where it portends a poor prognosis and plays a key role in the generation of metastasis. However, the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to mediate these responses and the pathways that control Chi3l1-induced tumor responses are poorly understood. We characterized the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to foster tumor progression and the ability of the RIG-like helicase (RLH) innate immune response to control Chi3l1 elaboration and pulmonary metastasis. Here we demonstrate that RLH activation inhibits tumor induction of Chi3l1 and the expression of receptor IL-13Rα2 and pulmonary metastasis while restoring NK cell accumulation and activation, augmenting the expression of IFN-α/β, chemerin and its receptor ChemR23, p-cofilin, LIMK2 and PTEN and inhibiting BRAF and NLRX1 in a MAVS-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that Chi3l1 is a multifaceted immune stimulator of tumor progression and metastasis whose elaboration and tissue effects are abrogated by RLH innate immune responses.
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18
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Chitotriosidase Enzyme. Enzyme Res 2016; 2016:2682680. [PMID: 26881065 PMCID: PMC4735922 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2682680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase enzyme (EC: 3.2.1.14) is the major active chitinase in the human body. It is produced mainly by activated macrophages, in which its expression is regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Chitotriosidase was confirmed as essential element in the innate immunity against chitin containing organisms such as fungi and protozoa; however, its immunomodulatory effects extend far beyond innate immunity. In the current review, we will try to explore the expanding spectrum of immunological roles played by chitotriosidase enzyme in human health and disease and will discuss its up-to-date clinical value.
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19
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Cheba BA, Zaghloul TI, EL-Mahdy AR, EL-Massry MH. Effect of pH and Temperature on Bacillus sp. R2 Chitinase Activity and Stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Vom Dorp F, Tschirdewahn S, Niedworok C, Reis H, Krause H, Kempkensteffen C, Busch J, Kramer G, Shariat SF, Nyirady P, Rübben H, Szarvas T. Circulating and Tissue Expression Levels of YKL-40 in Renal Cell Cancer. J Urol 2015; 195:1120-5. [PMID: 26454102 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blood levels of YKL-40 are elevated in various malignancies and other inflammatory diseases. Higher YKL-40 levels have consequently been shown to correlate with poor prognosis in several cancers. We investigated the prognostic value of circulating and tissue levels of YKL-40 in renal cell cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative YKL-40 serum/plasma levels were determined in 222 surgically treated patients with renal cell cancer and in 35 controls. Postoperative serum samples were analyzed in 19 of the 222 renal cell cancer cases. Gene expression levels were assessed in 101 renal cell cancer frozen tissue samples using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Finally immunohistochemical analysis was done in 37 renal cell cancer cases to assess tissue localization of YKL-40. Results were correlated with clinicopathological and followup data. RESULTS YKL-40 serum but not tissue gene expression levels were higher in patients with renal cell cancer compared to controls (p = 0.050). Serum YKL-40 levels significantly increased following nephrectomy (p <0.001). High circulating YKL-40 concentrations were independently associated with shorter survival in the serum and plasma cohorts. YKL-40 gene expression did not correlate with patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Preoperatively elevated circulating levels of YKL-40 predict survival in patients treated with nephrectomy for renal cell cancer independently of levels determined in serum or plasma. Tumor cells do not seem to be the main source of increased serum/plasma YKL-40 levels in patients with renal cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Vom Dorp
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Tschirdewahn
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Niedworok
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Reis
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Krause
- Department of Urology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin and Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Kempkensteffen
- Department of Urology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin and Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Department of Urology, Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin and Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gero Kramer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Nyirady
- Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Herbert Rübben
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg-Essen, Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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21
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Hamilton G, Rath B, Ulsperger E. How to target small cell lung cancer. Oncoscience 2015; 2:684-92. [PMID: 26425658 PMCID: PMC4580060 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant disease with dismal prognosis. Although great progress has been made in investigating genetic aberrations and putative drivers of this tumor entity, the mechanisms of rapid dissemination and acquisition of drug resistance are not clear. The majority of SCLC cases are characterized by inactivation of the tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) and, therefore, interchangeable drivers will be difficult to target successfully. Access to pure cultures of SCLC circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and study of their tumor biology has revealed a number of new potential targets. Most important, expression of chitinase-3-like-1/YKL-40 (CHI3L1) which controls expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) was newly described in these cells. The process switching CHI3L1-negative SCLC cells to CHI3L1-positive CTCs seems to be associated with cytokines released by inflammatory immune cells. Furthermore, these CTCs were found to promote monocyte-macrophage differentiation, most likely of the M2 tumor-promoting type, recently described to express PD-1 immune checkpoint antigen in SCLC. In conclusion, dissemination of SCLC seems to be linked to conversion of regular tumor cells to highly invasive CHI3L1-positive CTCs, which are protected by immune system suppression. Besides the classical targets VEGF, MMP-9 and PD-1, CHI3L1 constitutes a new possibly drugable molecule to retard down dissemination of SCLC cells, which may be similarly relevant for glioblastoma and other tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Ulsperger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Hamilton G, Rath B, Burghuber O. Chitinase-3-like-1/YKL-40 as marker of circulating tumor cells. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26207216 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients enabled systematic screening of secreted cytokines. Permanent CTC cultures of different patients shared secretion of chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1)/YKL-40, known to be upregulated in a range of tumor entities and to be associated with increased metastasis and decreased survival. This protein lacks enzymatic activity and its mechanism of promoting tumor dissemination has not been resolved. Results from SCLC CTC cultures suggest CHI3L1 as marker and important effector of tumor cell dissemination in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, this protein may link chronic inflammation of the lung, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria ; 2 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria ; 2 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Burghuber
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology, A-1090 Vienna, Austria ; 2 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for COPD and Respiratory Epidemiology, 1140 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Di Rosa M, Sanfilippo C, Libra M, Musumeci G, Malaguarnera L. Different pediatric brain tumors are associated with different gene expression profiling. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:477-85. [PMID: 25792036 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are the most common pediatric solid tumors and are the leading cause of death from childhood cancers. These tumors include several histologic subtypes. Due to the particular properties of brain tumors, such as growth and division, examination of brain tumors and the analysis of results are not simple. Up to date there is a dearth of useful biomarkers that have been validated and clinically implemented for pediatric brain tumors. In order to identify the new genetic alterations we recognized, using microarray dataset, chitinases as new potential biomarkers of CNS tumors. The modulation of chitinases was confirmed also in the different histologic subtypes. Our study revealed that distinct patterns of chitinases expression characterize the diverse histological subtypes. In addition evaluating other lisosomal enzymes such as glycosidases and proteases we found that NEU4, CTBS and GBA2 belonging to glycosidases family and CTSC, CTSK and CTSF belonging to proteases family were differently modulated. Future investigations are needed to be performed before some of these enzymes could finally be used as biomarkers of specific types of CNS neoplasms.
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