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Tan G, Spillane KM, Maher J. The Role and Regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2D Ligand System in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1079. [PMID: 37626965 PMCID: PMC10452210 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The family of human NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) consists of eight stress-induced molecules. Over 80% of human cancers express these ligands on the surface of tumour cells and/or associated stromal elements. In mice, NKG2D deficiency increases susceptibility to some types of cancer, implicating this system in immune surveillance for malignancy. However, NKG2DL can also be shed, released via exosomes and trapped intracellularly, leading to immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, NKG2D can enhance chronic inflammatory processes which themselves can increase cancer risk and progression. Indeed, tumours commonly deploy a range of countermeasures that can neutralise or even corrupt this surveillance system, tipping the balance away from immune control towards tumour progression. Consequently, the prognostic impact of NKG2DL expression in human cancer is variable. In this review, we consider the underlying biology and regulation of the NKG2D/NKG2DL system and its expression and role in a range of cancer types. We also consider the opportunities for pharmacological modulation of NKG2DL expression while cautioning that such interventions need to be carefully calibrated according to the biology of the specific cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Tan
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | | | - John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, Guy’s Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne BN21 2UD, UK
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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2
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Secchiari F, Nuñez SY, Sierra JM, Ziblat A, Regge MV, Raffo Iraolagoitia XL, Rovegno A, Ameri C, Secin FP, Richards N, Ríos Pita H, Vitagliano G, Rico L, Mieggi M, Frascheri F, Bonanno N, Blas L, Trotta A, Friedrich AD, Fuertes MB, Domaica CI, Zwirner NW. The MICA-NKG2D axis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma bolsters MICA as target in immuno-oncology. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2104991. [PMID: 35936986 PMCID: PMC9354769 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is a major natural killer (NK) cell-activating receptor that recognizes eight ligands (NKG2DLs), including MICA, and whose engagement triggers NK cell effector functions. As NKG2DLs are upregulated on tumor cells but tumors can subvert the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis, NKG2DLs constitute attractive targets for antibody (Ab)-based immuno-oncology therapies. However, such approaches require a deep characterization of NKG2DLs and NKG2D cell surface expression on primary tumor and immune cells. Here, using a bioinformatic analysis, we observed that MICA is overexpressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and we also detected an association between the NKG2D-MICA axis and a diminished overall survival of RCC patients. Also, by flow cytometry (FC), we observed that MICA was the only NKG2DL over-expressed on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumor cells, including cancer stem cells (CSC) that also coexpressed NKG2D. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TIL), but not peripheral blood lymphoid cells (PBL) from ccRCC patients, over-expressed MICA, ULBP3 and ULBP4. In addition, NKG2D was downregulated on peripheral blood NK cells (PBNK) from ccRCC patients but upregulated on tumor-infiltrating NK cells (TINK). These TINK exhibited impaired degranulation that negatively correlated with NKG2D expression, diminished IFN-γ production, upregulation of TIM-3, and an impaired glucose intake upon stimulation with cytokines, indicating that they are dysfunctional, display features of exhaustion and an altered metabolic fitness. We conclude that ccRCC patients exhibit a distorted MICA-NKG2D axis, and MICA emerges as the forefront NKG2DL for the development of targeted therapies in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Secchiari
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sol Yanel Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Jessica Mariel Sierra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea Ziblat
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Victoria Regge
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ximena Lucía Raffo Iraolagoitia
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Agustín Rovegno
- Servicio de Urología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC)
| | - Carlos Ameri
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Pablo Secin
- Servicio de Urología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC)
| | - Nicolás Richards
- Servicio de Urología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC)
| | | | | | - Luis Rico
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Mieggi
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nicolás Bonanno
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro Blas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana Trotta
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Adrián David Friedrich
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mercedes Beatriz Fuertes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Inés Domaica
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Moriwaki M, Le TTH, Sung SY, Jotatsu Y, Yang Y, Hirata Y, Ishii A, Chiang YT, Chen KC, Shigemura K, Fujisawa M. Relevance of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing (ADAM)9 Protein Expression to Bladder Cancer Malignancy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060791. [PMID: 35740916 PMCID: PMC9221013 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-Containing (ADAM)9 protein on exacerbation in bladder cancer KK47 and T24. First, we knocked down ADAM9 and investigated cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins expression in vitro. We then investigated the expression level of ADAM9 in clinical urine cytology samples and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in both cell lines after ADAM9 knockdown. In the cell-cycle assay, the percentage of G0/G1 cells was significantly increased in ADAM9 knockdown T24. Migration of T24 was more strongly suppressed than KK47. The expression level of EMT-related proteins suggested that EMT was suppressed in ADAM9 knockdown T24. TCGA analysis revealed that ADAM9 mRNA expression was significantly higher in stage IV and high-grade cancer than in other stages and low-grade cancer. Moreover, in the gene expression omnibus (GEO) study, bladder cancer with surrounding carcinoma and invasive carcinoma showed significantly high ADAM9 mRNA expression. We found that ADAM9 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration in bladder cancer and that high-grade bladder cancer is correlated with higher expression of ADAM9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michika Moriwaki
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Trang Thi-Huynh Le
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- International Ph.D. Program for Translational Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing st, Taipei 11031 Taiwan;
| | - Yura Jotatsu
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Youngmin Yang
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuto Hirata
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Aya Ishii
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (A.I.)
| | - Yi-Te Chiang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Taipei 23561, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Taipei 23561, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (K.-C.C.)
| | - Katsumi Shigemura
- Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan; (M.M.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (A.I.)
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-382-6155
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.F.)
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Fuertes MB, Domaica CI, Zwirner NW. Leveraging NKG2D Ligands in Immuno-Oncology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713158. [PMID: 34394116 PMCID: PMC8358801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) revolutionized the field of immuno-oncology and opened new avenues towards the development of novel assets to achieve durable immune control of cancer. Yet, the presence of tumor immune evasion mechanisms represents a challenge for the development of efficient treatment options. Therefore, combination therapies are taking the center of the stage in immuno-oncology. Such combination therapies should boost anti-tumor immune responses and/or target tumor immune escape mechanisms, especially those created by major players in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Natural killer (NK) cells were recently positioned at the forefront of many immunotherapy strategies, and several new approaches are being designed to fully exploit NK cell antitumor potential. One of the most relevant NK cell-activating receptors is NKG2D, a receptor that recognizes 8 different NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL), including MICA and MICB. MICA and MICB are poorly expressed on normal cells but become upregulated on the surface of damaged, transformed or infected cells as a result of post-transcriptional or post-translational mechanisms and intracellular pathways. Their engagement of NKG2D triggers NK cell effector functions. Also, MICA/B are polymorphic and such polymorphism affects functional responses through regulation of their cell-surface expression, intracellular trafficking, shedding of soluble immunosuppressive isoforms, or the affinity of NKG2D interaction. Although immunotherapeutic approaches that target the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis are under investigation, several tumor immune escape mechanisms account for reduced cell surface expression of NKG2DL and contribute to tumor immune escape. Also, NKG2DL polymorphism determines functional NKG2D-dependent responses, thus representing an additional challenge for leveraging NKG2DL in immuno-oncology. In this review, we discuss strategies to boost MICA/B expression and/or inhibit their shedding and propose that combination strategies that target MICA/B with antibodies and strategies aimed at promoting their upregulation on tumor cells or at reprograming TAM into pro-inflammatory macrophages and remodeling of the TME, emerge as frontrunners in immuno-oncology because they may unleash the antitumor effector functions of NK cells and cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTL). Pursuing several of these pipelines might lead to innovative modalities of immunotherapy for the treatment of a wide range of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Beatriz Fuertes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Inés Domaica
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Dhar P, Basher F, Ji Z, Huang L, Qin S, Wainwright DA, Robinson J, Hagler S, Zhou J, MacKay S, Wu JD. Tumor-derived NKG2D ligand sMIC reprograms NK cells to an inflammatory phenotype through CBM signalosome activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:905. [PMID: 34294876 PMCID: PMC8298432 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell dysfunction is associated with poorer clinical outcome in cancer patients. What regulates NK cell dysfunction in tumor microenvironment is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the human tumor-derived NKG2D ligand soluble MIC (sMIC) reprograms NK cell to secrete pro-tumorigenic cytokines with diminished cytotoxicity and polyfunctional potential. Antibody clearing sMIC restores NK cell to a normal cytotoxic effector functional state. We discovered that sMIC selectively activates the CBM-signalosome inflammatory pathways in NK cells. Conversely, tumor cell membrane-bound MIC (mMIC) stimulates NK cell cytotoxicity through activating PLC2γ2/SLP-76/Vav1 pathway. Ultimately, antibody targeting sMIC effectuated the in vivo anti-tumor effect of adoptively transferred NK cells. Our findings uncover an unrecognized mechanism that could instruct NK cell to a dysfunctional state in response to cues in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings provide a rationale for co-targeting sMIC to enhance the efficacy of the ongoing NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Dhar
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fahmin Basher
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Qin
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhou
- Isoplexis Corporation, Branford, CT, USA
| | | | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Wan P, Chen Z, Zhong W, Jiang H, Huang Z, Peng D, He Q, Chen N. BRDT is a novel regulator of eIF4EBP1 in renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2475-2486. [PMID: 33125143 PMCID: PMC7610328 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all types of kidney diseases, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality, recurrence and metastasis rates, which results in high numbers of tumor-associated mortalities in China. Identifying a novel therapeutic target has attracted increasing attention. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins have the ability to read the epigenome, leading to regulation of gene transcription. As an important member of the BET family, bromodomain testis-specific protein (BRDT) has been well studied; however, the mechanism underlying BRDT in the regulation of RCC has not been fully investigated. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (eIF4EBP1) is a binding partner of eIF4E that is involved in affecting the progression of various cancer types via regulating gene transcription. To identify novel regulators of eIF4EBP1, an immunoprecipitation assay and mass spectrometry analysis was performed in RCC cells. It was revealed that eIF4EBP1 interacted with BRDT, a novel interacting protein. In addition, the present study further demonstrated that BRDT inhibitors PLX51107 and INCB054329 blocked the progression of RCC cells, along with suppressing eIF4EBP1 and c-myc expression. Small interfering (si) RNAs were used to knock down BRDT expression, which suppressed RCC cell proliferation and eIF4EBP1 protein expression. In addition, overexpression of eIF4EBP1 partially abolished the inhibited growth function of PLX51107 but knocking down eIF4EBP1 improved the inhibitory effects of PLX51107. Furthermore, treatment with PLX51107 or knockdown of BRDT expression decreased c-myc expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and attenuated its promoter activity, as determined by luciferase reporter assays. PLX51107 also significantly altered the interaction between the c-myc promoter with eIF4EBP1 and significantly attenuated the increase of RCC tumors, accompanied by decreased c-myc mRNA and protein levels in vivo. Taken together, these data suggested that blocking of BRDT by PLX51107, INCB054329 or BRDT knockdown suppressed the growth of RCC via decreasing eIF4EBP1, thereby leading to decreased c-myc transcription levels. Considering the regulatory function of BET proteins in gene transcription, the present study suggested that there is a novel mechanism underlying eIF4EBP1 regulation by BRDT, and subsequently decreased c-myc in RCC, and further identified a new approach by regulating eIF4EBP1 or c-myc for enhancing BRDT-targeting RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wan
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhong
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Huiming Jiang
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Huang
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Dong Peng
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
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7
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Plasil M, Wijkmark S, Elbers JP, Oppelt J, Burger PA, Horin P. The major histocompatibility complex of Old World camelids: Class I and class I-related genes. HLA 2020; 93:203-215. [PMID: 30828986 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The genomic structure of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region and variation in selected MHC class I related genes in Old World camels, Camelus bactrianus and Camelus dromedaries were studied. The overall genomic organization of the camel MHC region follows a general pattern observed in other mammalian species and individual MHC loci appear to be well conserved. Selected MHC class I genes B-67 and BL3-7 exhibited unexpectedly low variability, even when compared to other camel MHC class I related genes MR1 and MICA. Interspecific SNP and allele sharing are relatively common, and frequencies of heterozygotes are usually low. Such a low variation in a genomic region generally considered as one of the most polymorphic in vertebrate genomes is unusual. Evolutionary relationships between MHC class I related genes and their counterparts from other species seem to be rather complex. Often, they do not follow the general evolutionary history of the species concerned. Close evolutionary relationships of individual MHC class I loci between camels, humans and dogs were observed. Based on the results of this study and on our data on MHC class II genes, the extent and the pattern of polymorphism of the MHC region of Old World camelids differed from most mammalian groups studied so far. Camels thus seem to be an important model for our understanding of the role of genetic diversity in immune functions, especially in the context of unique features of their immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plasil
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Wijkmark
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jean P Elbers
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Ceitec MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pamela A Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Rabjerg M, Guerra B, Oliván-Viguera A, Mikkelsen MLN, Köhler R, Issinger OG, Marcussen N. Nuclear localization of the CK2α-subunit correlates with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1613-1627. [PMID: 27906674 PMCID: PMC5352082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2α, one of the two catalytic isoforms of the protein kinase CK2 has been shown to contribute to tumor development, tumor proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in various malignancies. We conducted this study to investigate CK2 expression in different subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and in the benign oncocytoma. qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses revealed that CK2α expression was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Also the kinase activity of CK2 was significantly increased in ccRCC compared to normal renal cortex. Nuclear protein expression of CK2α correlated in univariate analysis with poor Progression Free Survival (HR = 8.11, p = 0.016). Functional analyses (cell proliferation assay) revealed an inhibitory effect of Caki-2 cell growth following CK2 inhibition with CX-4945. Our results suggest that CK2α promotes migration and invasion of ccRCC and therefore could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and molecular therapeutic target in this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Rabjerg
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Barbara Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Aida Oliván-Viguera
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), IACS, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), IACS, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
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9
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Prognostic value of MICA/B in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96384-96395. [PMID: 29221214 PMCID: PMC5707108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose MHC class I chain related-proteins A (MICA) and B (MICB) are natural killer group 2D ligands that mediate tumor surveillance. Several studies have suggested that MICA/B levels predict clinical outcomes in patients with cancer; however, this remains contentious. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of available studies of the prognostic value of MICA/B in cancer. Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library to identify studies published from inception to July 2017 that assessed MICA/B in patients with cancer. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MICA/B were extracted for overall survival (OS) analysis. Results A total of 19 studies comprising 2,588 patients with 10 different types of cancer were included in the study. Low sMICA/B levels were found associated with significantly longer OS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.42–1.92], P < 0.00001). Patients with cancers of digestive system that exhibited high MICA/B expression had significantly longer OS in (HR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.39–0.80], P = 0.002) compared with those with lower MICA/B expression (I2 = 35%, P = 0.18). Conclusions Serum soluble MICA/B represents a potential prognostic marker in various human cancers. High cell-surface MICA/B expression in cancers of the digestive system was found associated with increased survival.
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10
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Demoulin B, Cook WJ, Murad J, Graber DJ, Sentman ML, Lonez C, Gilham DE, Sentman CL, Agaugue S. Exploiting natural killer group 2D receptors for CAR T-cell therapy. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1593-1605. [PMID: 28613086 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are genetically engineered proteins that combine an extracellular antigen-specific recognition domain with one or several intracellular T-cell signaling domains. When expressed in T cells, these CARs specifically trigger T-cell activation upon antigen recognition. While the clinical proof of principle of CAR T-cell therapy has been established in hematological cancers, CAR T cells are only at the early stages of being explored to tackle solid cancers. This special report discusses the concept of exploiting natural killer cell receptors as an approach that could broaden the specificity of CAR T cells and potentially enhance the efficacy of this therapy against solid tumors. New data demonstrating feasibility of this approach in humans and supporting the ongoing clinical trial are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Demoulin
- Research & Development Department, Celyad SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - W James Cook
- Center for Sy+nthetic Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - David J Graber
- Center for Sy+nthetic Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Sentman
- Center for Sy+nthetic Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Research & Development Department, Celyad SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - David E Gilham
- Research & Development Department, Celyad SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Charles L Sentman
- Center for Sy+nthetic Immunity, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sophie Agaugue
- Research & Development Department, Celyad SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
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Han R, Xu L, Wang T, Liu B, Wang L. A Small Regulatory RNA Contributes to the Preferential Colonization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Large Intestine in Response to a Low DNA Concentration. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:274. [PMID: 28289405 PMCID: PMC5326754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 (O157) is one of the most notorious human pathogens, causing severe disease in humans worldwide. O157 specifically colonizes the large intestine of mammals after passing through the small intestine, and this process is influenced by differential signals between the two regions. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are able to sense and respond to environmental changes and regulate diverse physiological processes in pathogenic bacteria. Although some sRNAs of O157 have been extensively investigated, whether these molecules can sense differences between the small and large intestine and influence the preferential colonization in the large intestine by O157 remains unknown. In this study, we identified a new sRNA, Esr055, in O157 which senses the low DNA concentration in the large intestine and contributes to the preferential colonization of the bacteria in this region. The number of O157 wild-type that adhered to the colon is 30.18 times higher than the number that adhered to the ileum of mice, while the number of the ΔEsr055 mutant that adhered to the colon decreased to 13.27 times higher than the number adhered to the ileum. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Esr055 is directly activated by the regulator, DeoR, and its expression is positively affected by DNA, which is significantly more abundant in the ileum than in the colon of mice. Additionally, combining the results of informatics predictions and transcriptomic analysis, we found that several virulence genes are up-regulated in the ΔEsr055 mutant and five candidate genes (z0568, z0974, z1356, z1926, and z5187) may be its direct targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Han
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of EducationTianjin, China
| | - Letian Xu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of EducationTianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional GenomicsTianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of EducationTianjin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of EducationTianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional GenomicsTianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of EducationTianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional GenomicsTianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
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12
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Luan Y, Liu J, Liu X, Xue X, Kong F, Sun C, Wang J, Liu L, Jia H. Tetramethypyrazine inhibits renal cell carcinoma cells through inhibition of NKG2D signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1704-12. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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