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Labat-de-Hoz L, Rubio-Ramos A, Correas I, Alonso MA. The MAL Family of Proteins: Normal Function, Expression in Cancer, and Potential Use as Cancer Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2801. [PMID: 37345137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAL family of integral membrane proteins consists of MAL, MAL2, MALL, PLLP, CMTM8, MYADM, and MYADML2. The best characterized members are elements of the machinery that controls specialized pathways of membrane traffic and cell signaling. This review aims to help answer the following questions about the MAL-family genes: (i) is their expression regulated in cancer and, if so, how? (ii) What role do they play in cancer? (iii) Might they have biomedical applications? Analysis of large-scale gene expression datasets indicated altered levels of MAL-family transcripts in specific cancer types. A comprehensive literature search provides evidence of MAL-family gene dysregulation and protein function repurposing in cancer. For MAL, and probably for other genes of the family, dysregulation is primarily a consequence of gene methylation, although copy number alterations also contribute to varying degrees. The scrutiny of the two sources of information, datasets and published studies, reveals potential prognostic applications of MAL-family members as cancer biomarkers-for instance, MAL2 in breast cancer, MAL2 and MALL in pancreatic cancer, and MAL and MYADM in lung cancer-and other biomedical uses. The availability of validated antibodies to some MAL-family proteins sanctions their use as cancer biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Labat-de-Hoz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Rubio-Ramos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Li Y, Yu H, Feng J. Role of chemokine-like factor 1 as an inflammatory marker in diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1085154. [PMID: 36865551 PMCID: PMC9971601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1085154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoinflammatory mechanisms have been incrementally found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, with chemokines being the main drivers of immune cell infiltration in the inflammatory response. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel chemokine, is highly expressed in the human peripheral blood leukocytes and exerts broad-spectrum chemotactic and pro-proliferative effects by activating multiple downstream signaling pathways upon binding to its functional receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between CKLF1 overexpression and various systemic diseases has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this context, it is promising that clarifying the downstream mechanism of CKLF1 and identifying its upstream regulatory sites can yield new strategies for targeted therapeutics of immunoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Li J, Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Zheng N, Xu P, Zhang X, Xue L. CMTM Family and Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers: A Comprehensive Review. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1551-1563. [PMID: 35502328 PMCID: PMC9056025 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s358963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract cancers are a highly heterogeneous group of malignant diseases, contributing significantly to the burden of death worldwide. Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTMs) plays important roles in cancer development and progression. Since the first member was cloned, there have been abundant studies on the relationships between the CMTM family and human cancers. It has been reported that the CMTM family has a large potential prognostic value for multiple cancers. Meanwhile, upregulated or downregulated expression of the family members was related to advanced tumor stage, metastasis, and overall survival. Studies have also reported that these proteins play critical roles in antitumor immunity. We performed a systematic review to sum up the latest advances of CMTM family’ roles in gastrointestinal tract cancers, with a primary focus on hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozi Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Xue
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liying Xue, Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 311 86265561, Email
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Yan M, Zhu X, Qiao H, Zhang H, Xie W, Cai J. Downregulated CMTM8 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer Patients. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:791-797. [PMID: 33978454 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the expression and clinical significance of chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family member 8 (CMTM8) in gastric cancer (GC). The mRNA and protein expression of CMTM8 were detected by bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Bioinformatics analysis found that there was a high mRNA expression of CMTM8 in GC tissues, but failed to identify a significant relationship with the clinicopathological features or prognosis of GC patients. However, IHC results showed that the positive expression of CMTM8 protein in GC tissues was significantly lower than that of adjacent nontumor tissues and correlated with differentiation, tumor node metastasis stage, and distal metastasis of GC patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, the survival time of GC patients with negative CMTM8 protein expression group was shorter than that of positive CMTM8 protein expression group by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p < 0.05). Cox proportional hazards model (COX) regression analysis indicated that CMTM8 protein was an independent protective factor for the overall survival of GC patients. Further Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that CMTM8 may be involved in regulating the calcium signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction in GC. Our study shows that CMTM8 protein is downregulated in GC tissues, and CMTM8 protein expression is related to GC metastasis and the prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yan
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of General Surgery III, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haizhi Qiao
- Department of Pathology, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery III, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of General Surgery III, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jianhui Cai
- Department of Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zangouei AS, Hamidi AA, Rahimi HR, Saburi E, Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Chemokines as the critical factors during bladder cancer progression: an overview. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:344-358. [PMID: 33591855 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1877287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most frequent urogenital malignancies which is mainly observed among men. There are various genetic and environmental risk factors associated with BCa progression. Transurethral endoscopic resection and open ablative surgery are the main treatment options for muscle invasive BCa. BCG therapy is also employed following the endoscopic resection to prevent tumor relapse. The tumor microenvironment is the main interaction site of tumor cells and immune system in which the immune cells are recruited via chemokines and chemokine receptors. In present review we summarized the main chemokines and chemokine receptors which have been associated with histopathological features of BCa patients in the world. This review highlights the chemokines and chemokine receptors as critical markers in early detection and therapeutic purposes among BCa patients and clarifies their molecular functions during BCa progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Influence of CMTM8 polymorphisms on lung cancer susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 31:89-95. [PMID: 33395025 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and CMTM8 is a potential tumor suppressor gene, which is down-regulated in lung cancer. The objective of this research was to assess the association of CMTM8 genetic polymorphisms with lung cancer risk. METHODS To evaluate the correlation between CMTM8 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk, Agena MassArray platform was used for genotype determination among 509 lung cancer patients and 506 controls. Multiple genetic models, stratification analysis and Haploview analysis were used by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Significant associations were detected between CMTM8 rs6771238 and an increased lung cancer risk in codominant (adjusted OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.42, P = 0.044) and dominant (adjusted OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.01-2.36, P = 0.047) models. After sex stratification analysis, we observed that rs6771238 was related to an increased risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma, while rs6771238 was associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma. Rs9835916 was linked to increased risk of lymph node metastasis in lung cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study first reported that CMTM8 polymorphisms were a risk factor for lung cancer, which suggested the potential roles of CMTM8 in the development of lung cancer.
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H'ng CH, Camp E, Anderson PJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S. CMTM8 Is a Suppressor of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation and Promoter of Proliferation Via EGFR Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:823-834. [PMID: 32268840 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) exhibit a finite life span after ex vivo expansion leading to cellular senescence. Many factors can contribute to this. Recently, our group has identified for the first time expression of the chemokine-like factor superfamily 8 (CMTM8) gene in cultured human BMSCs. In this study, we examine the role of CMTM8 in BMSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Functional studies using siRNA-mediated knockdown of CMTM8 in human BMSCs resulted in decreased capacity to undergo proliferation and migration and an increased capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, reduced CMTM8 levels led to a decrease in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway during BMSC proliferation and migration, respectively. Supportive studies using retroviral mediated enforced expression of CMTM8 in BMSC resulted in an increased capacity for proliferation and migration but a decreased osteogenic differentiation potential. Collectively, these data suggest that CMTM8 promotes BMSC proliferation and BMSC migration through the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway. This study provides insight into novel regulatory mechanisms of human BMSC growth and cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ho H'ng
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Esther Camp
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Craniofacial Unit, Women and Children Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Myeloma Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia.,Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Zhou J, Lei J, Wang J, Lian CL, Hua L, He ZY, Wu SG. Bioinformatics-Based Discovery of CKLF-Like MARVEL Transmembrane Member 5 as a Novel Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:361. [PMID: 31998718 PMCID: PMC6962189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane members (CMTMs) represent a novel protein family linking the chemokine and transmembrane-4 superfamily families, which potentially play several roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The detailed functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of CMTMs remain elusive in breast cancer. Herein, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to investigate the prognostic effect, potential functions, and biomolecular regulatory network of CMTMs in breast cancer. The mRNA expression level of CMTM5, in particular, was significantly downregulated in breast cancer; moreover, high mRNA expression level of CMTM5 was significantly associated with better relapse-free survival. DNA promoter hypermethylation of CMTM5 was negatively correlated with its mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, CMTM5 strongly associated with pathway in MARVEL domains, chemotaxis, cytokines, transmembrane structures, and integral component of membrane. For example, genes related to MARVEL domains, transmembrane structures, and chemokines were significantly enriched. Our findings indicate that CMTM5 can be used as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen-Lu Lian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen-Yu He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - San-Gang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
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Wu J, Li L, Wu S, Xu B. CMTM family proteins 1-8: roles in cancer biological processes and potential clinical value. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:528-542. [PMID: 32944388 PMCID: PMC7476098 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing (CMTM) family of genes comprises CKLF and CMTM1–8 (previously called chemokine-like factor superfamily 1–8, CKLFSF1–8). The CMTM family proteins contain a structurally conserved MAL and related proteins for vesicle trafficking and membrane linking (MARVEL) domain. Dysregulated expression of multiple CMTM family members is a common feature in many human cancer types. CMTM proteins control critical biological processes in cancer development, including growth factor receptor activation and recycling, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Emerging in vivo and in vitro evidence indicates that the mechanisms of action of most CMTM proteins are complex and multifactorial. This review highlights new findings regarding the roles of CMTM1–8 in cancer, particularly in tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Additionally, the potential clinical value of CMTMs as novel drug targets or biomarkers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Wu K, Li X, Gu H, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang L. Research Advances in CKLF-like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain-containing Family in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2576-2583. [PMID: 31754330 PMCID: PMC6854381 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing member (CMTM) is a new gene family first cloned and reported in 2001. The CMTM family consists of nine members including CKLF and CMTM1-CMTM8, which are located on different chromosomes. Besides exhibiting extensive chemotactic activity, the CMTM family plays an important role in the hematopoiesis system, the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the male reproductive system. Recent in-depth research has also revealed that CMTM is closely associated with the genesis, development and metastasis of tumors, displaying opposing activities in diverse human tumors. In this review, we discuss the structural and functional characteristics of the CMTM family and summarize latest research findings of the relationship between several CMTM members and non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keheng Wu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Huadi Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Liaoning, 110122, China
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