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Yang W, Wang S, Tong S, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. Expanding the ubiquitin code in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166884. [PMID: 37704111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental regulatory mechanism in cells, vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis, compiling signaling transduction, and determining cell fates. These biological processes require the coordinated signal cascades of UPS members, including ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, deubiquitinases, and proteasomes, to ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination on substrates. Recent studies indicate that ubiquitination code rewriting is particularly prominent in pancreatic cancer. High frequency mutation or aberrant hyperexpression of UPS members dysregulates ferroptosis, tumor microenvironment, and metabolic rewiring processes and contribute to tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and acquired drug resistance. We conduct an in-depth overview of ubiquitination process in pancreatic cancer, highlighting the role of ubiquitin code in tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressor pathways. Furthermore, we review current UPS modulators and analyze the potential of UPS modulators as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shiqun Wang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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2
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Song D, Li S, Ning L, Zhang S, Cai Y. Smurf2 suppresses the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ubiquitin degradation of Smad2. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:384-396. [PMID: 35509688 PMCID: PMC8874264 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Smurf2, one of C2-WW-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases, is closely related to the development and progression in different cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to illustrate the expression and molecular mechanism of Smurf2 in regulating the progression of HCC. Methods The expression of Smurf2 in human HCC and adjacent non-tumor liver specimens was detected using tissue microarray studies from 220 HCC patients who underwent curative resection. The relationships of Smurf2 and HCC progression and survival were analyzed using the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards model. For Smurf2 was low expression in HCC cell lines, Smurf2 overexpression cell lines were established. The effect of Smurf2 on cell proliferation and migration was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assay, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and its transcription factors were tested by immunoblotting. The interaction and ubiquitination of Smad2 by Smurf2 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, the effect of Smurf2 on HCC was verified using the mouse lung metastasis model. Results Smurf2 was downregulated in HCC tissues compared to that of corresponding non-tumor liver specimens. The low expression of Smurf2 in HCC was significantly associated with macrovascular or microvascular tumor thrombus and the impairment of overall survival and disease-free survival. In vitro and in vivo analysis showed that Smurf2 overexpression decreased the EMT potential of HCC cells by promoting the ubiquitination of Smad2 via the proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. Conclusion The expression of Smurf2 was downregulated in HCC specimens and affected the survival of patients. Smurf2 inhibited the EMT of HCC by enhancing Smad2 ubiquitin-dependent proteasome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Song
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Xuhui District , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Xuhui District , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Liuxin Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Xuhui District , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Xuhui District , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Xuhui District , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Sinha A, Iyengar PV, ten Dijke P. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Key Regulators of TGFβ Signaling in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E476. [PMID: 33418880 PMCID: PMC7825147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a secreted growth and differentiation factor that influences vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis. Regulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway is of key importance to maintain tissue homeostasis. Perturbation of this signaling pathway has been implicated in a plethora of diseases, including cancer. The effect of TGFβ is dependent on cellular context, and TGFβ can perform both anti- and pro-oncogenic roles. TGFβ acts by binding to specific cell surface TGFβ type I and type II transmembrane receptors that are endowed with serine/threonine kinase activity. Upon ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation, SMAD proteins and other intracellular effectors become activated and mediate biological responses. The levels, localization, and function of TGFβ signaling mediators, regulators, and effectors are highly dynamic and regulated by a myriad of post-translational modifications. One such crucial modification is ubiquitination. The ubiquitin modification is also a mechanism by which crosstalk with other signaling pathways is achieved. Crucial effector components of the ubiquitination cascade include the very diverse family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. This review summarizes the diverse roles of E3 ligases that act on TGFβ receptor and intracellular signaling components. E3 ligases regulate TGFβ signaling both positively and negatively by regulating degradation of receptors and various signaling intermediates. We also highlight the function of E3 ligases in connection with TGFβ's dual role during tumorigenesis. We conclude with a perspective on the emerging possibility of defining E3 ligases as drug targets and how they may be used to selectively target TGFβ-induced pro-oncogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (P.V.I.)
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4
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Li L, Pan Y, Mo X, Wei T, Song J, Luo M, Huang G, Teng C, Liang K, Mao N, Yang J. A novel metastatic promoter CEMIP and its downstream molecular targets and signaling pathway of cellular migration and invasion in SCLC cells based on proteome analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2519-2534. [PMID: 32648226 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis is an unavoidable event happened among almost all small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. However, the molecular driven factors have not been elucidated. Recently, a novel hydrolase called cell migration inducing hyaluronidase (CEMIP) triggered both migration and invasion in many tumors but not SCLC. Therefore, in this study, we verified that CEMIP promoted migration and invasion in SCLC and applied proteomics analysis to screen out potential target profiles and the signaling pathway related to CEMIP regulation. METHOD Immunofluorescence was conducted to exam the expression of CEMIP on SCLC and paired adjacent normal tissues among enrollment. RT-qPCR and Western blot (WB) assays were conducted to valuate cellular protein and mRNA expression of CEMIP and EMT markers. Lentivirus-CEMIP-shRNAs and CEMIP plasmid were used for expression manipulating. Changes of cellular migration and invasion were tested through transwell assays. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS was used for quantifying proteins affected by reducing expression of CEMIP on H446 cells. RESULTS The expression of CEMIP showed 1.64 ± 0.16-fold higher in SCLC tissues than their normal counterpart. Decreasing the expression of CEMIP on SCLC cells H446 regressed both cellular migration and invasion ability, whereas the promoting cellular migration and invasion was investigated through over-expressing CEMIP on H1688. Proteomic and bioinformatics analysis revealed that total 215 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that either their increasing or decreasing relative expression met threshold of 1.2-fold changes with p value ≤ 0.05. The dramatic up-regulated DEPs included an unidentified peptide sequence (encoded by cDNA FLJ52096) SPICE1 and CRYAB, while the expression of S100A6 was largely down-regulated. DEPs mainly enriched on caveolae of cellular component, calcium ion binding of biological process and epithelial cell migration of molecular function. KEGG enrichment indicated that DEPs mainly exerted their function on TGF-β, GABAergic synapse and MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION It is the first report illustrating that CEMIP might be one of the metastatic triggers in SCLC. And also, it provided possible molecular mechanism cue and potential downstream target on CEMIP-induced cellular migration and invasion on SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuifang Teng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiquan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Tumor Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Arpalahti L, Haglund C, Holmberg CI. Proteostasis Dysregulation in Pancreatic Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:101-115. [PMID: 32274754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), has a dismal 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. Radical surgical resection, in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy, provides the best option for long-term patient survival. However, only approximately 20% of patients are resectable at the time of diagnosis, due to locally advanced or metastatic disease. There is an urgent need for the identification of new, specific, and more sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction to improve the treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients. Dysregulation of proteostasis is linked to many pathophysiological conditions, including various types of cancer. In this review, we report on findings relating to the main cellular protein degradation systems, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, in pancreatic cancer. The expression of several components of the proteolytic network, including E3 ubiquitin-ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes, are dysregulated in PDAC, which accounts for approximately 90% of all pancreatic malignancies. In the future, a deeper understanding of the emerging role of proteostasis in pancreatic cancer has the potential to provide clinically relevant biomarkers and new strategies for combinatorial therapeutic options to better help treat the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Arpalahti
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Medicine Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina I Holmberg
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Shi F, Li T, Liu Z, Qu K, Shi C, Li Y, Qin Q, Cheng L, Jin X, Yu T, Di W, Que J, Xia H, She J. FOXO1: Another avenue for treating digestive malignancy? Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:124-131. [PMID: 28965871 PMCID: PMC5874167 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Digestive malignancies are the leading cause of mortality among all neoplasms, contributing to estimated 3 million deaths in 2012 worldwide. The mortality rate hassurpassed lung cancer and prostate cancer in recent years. The transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) is a key member of Forkhead Box family, regulating diverse cellular functions during tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on recent studies investigating the antineoplastic role of FOXO1 in digestive malignancy. This review aims to serve as a guide for further research and implicate FOXO1 as a potent therapeutic target in digestive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaguang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development & Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
| | - Hongping Xia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Junjun She
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Fitzsimmons L, Boyce AJ, Wei W, Chang C, Croom-Carter D, Tierney RJ, Herold MJ, Bell AI, Strasser A, Kelly GL, Rowe M. Coordinated repression of BIM and PUMA by Epstein-Barr virus latent genes maintains the survival of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:241-254. [PMID: 28960205 PMCID: PMC5762840 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has long been recognised, the precise role of the virus in BL pathogenesis is not fully resolved. EBV can be lost spontaneously from some BL cell lines, and these EBV-loss lymphoma cells reportedly have a survival disadvantage. Here we have generated an extensive panel of EBV-loss clones from multiple BL backgrounds and examined their phenotype comparing them to their isogenic EBV-positive counterparts. We report that, while loss of EBV from BL cells is rare, it is consistently associated with an enhanced predisposition to undergo apoptosis and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Importantly, reinfection of EBV-loss clones with EBV, but surprisingly not transduction with individual BL-associated latent viral genes, restored protection from apoptosis. Expression profiling and functional analysis of apoptosis-related proteins and transcripts in BL cells revealed that EBV inhibits the upregulation of the proapoptotic BH3-only proteins, BIM and PUMA. We conclude that latent EBV genes cooperatively enhance the survival of BL cells by suppression of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway signalling via inhibition of the potent apoptosis initiators, BIM and PUMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew J Boyce
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Catherine Chang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Deborah Croom-Carter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rosemary J Tierney
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew I Bell
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Martin Rowe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Zhao C, Xu Z, Wang Z, Suo C, Tao J, Han Z, Gu M, Tan R. Role of tumor necrosis factor-α in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in transplanted kidney cells in recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction. Gene 2017; 642:483-490. [PMID: 29174387 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is characterized by allograft kidney interstitial fibrosis, the underlying mechanism of which is unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the role and mechanism of TNF-α-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in transplant kidney tubular interstitial fibrosis. METHODS Human kidney tissues from normal volunteers and CAD patients were assessed using periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and fibronectin(FN) in renal proximal tubule epithelial (HK-2) cells after treatment with TNF-α under different conditions were assessed using western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. Cell motility and migration were assessed using wound healing and transwell assays. Expression of Smurf2 and TNF-α-signaling pathway-related proteins in HK-2 cells treated with TNF-α was detected by western blotting. E-cadherin and α-SMA expression was also assessed in Smurf2 plasmid-transfected or Smurf2 siRNA-treated HK-2 cells. RESULTS The expression of TNF-α, Smurf2, α-SMA, and fibronectin was significantly upregulated, while the expression of E-cad was downregulated in the CAD group compared with the normal group. The in vitro results showed that TNF-α remarkably upregulated the expression of Smurf2, α-SMA and fibronectin and downregulated the expression of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells and enhanced motility and migration in HK-2 cells. Overexpression of Smurf2 could promote the expression of α-SMA and inhibit the expression of E-cad, whereas knockdown of Smurf2 expression reversed TNF-α-induced upregulation of α-SMA and prohibited the reduction of E-cad expression. Furthermore, TNF-α-induced Smurf2 expression promoted EMT through the Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α induced EMT via the TNF-α/Akt/Smurf2 signaling pathways, and it may play a role in aggravating allograft kidney interstitial fibrosis in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Urology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Fitzsimmons L, Kelly GL. EBV and Apoptosis: The Viral Master Regulator of Cell Fate? Viruses 2017; 9:E339. [PMID: 29137176 PMCID: PMC5707546 DOI: 10.3390/v9110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered in cells from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and is now known to be a contributory factor in 1-2% of all cancers, for which there are as yet, no EBV-targeted therapies available. Like other herpesviruses, EBV adopts a persistent latent infection in vivo and only rarely reactivates into replicative lytic cycle. Although latency is associated with restricted patterns of gene expression, genes are never expressed in isolation; always in groups. Here, we discuss (1) the ways in which the latent genes of EBV are known to modulate cell death, (2) how these mechanisms relate to growth transformation and lymphomagenesis, and (3) how EBV genes cooperate to coordinately regulate key cell death pathways in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Since manipulation of the cell death machinery is critical in EBV pathogenesis, understanding the mechanisms that underpin EBV regulation of apoptosis therefore provides opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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10
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Han L, Wang W, Ding W, Zhang L. MiR-9 is involved in TGF-β1-induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2000-2008. [PMID: 28266181 PMCID: PMC5571535 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)‐9 plays different roles in different cancer types. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐9 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion and adhesion in vitro and explored whether miR‐9 was involved in transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7. The expression of miR‐9 and SOX7 in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed on A549 and HCC827 cells to investigate the effect of miR‐9 and SOX7 on NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion in the presence or absence of TGF‐β1. Transwell–Matrigel assay and cell adhesion assay were used to examine cell invasion and adhesion abilities. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether SOX7 was a direct target of miR‐9. We found miR‐9 was up‐regulated and SOX7 was down‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, SOX7 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐9 expression. miR‐9 knockdown or SOX7 overexpression could suppress TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion. miR‐9 directly targets the 3′ untranslated region of SOX7, and SOX7 protein expression was down‐regulated by miR‐9. TGF‐β1 induced miR‐9 expression in NSCLC cells. miR‐9 up‐regulation led to enhanced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion; however, these effects could be attenuated by SOX7 overexpression. We concluded that miR‐9 expression was negatively correlated with SOX7 expression in human NSCLC. miR‐9 was up‐regulated by TGF‐β1 and contributed to TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by directly targeting SOX7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of General Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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