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Ansari D, Schönenberg R, Abud M, Becerra L, Brahim W, Castiblanco J, de la Vega-Leinert AC, Dudley N, Dunlop M, Figueroa C, Guevara O, Hauser P, Hobbie H, Hossain MA, Hugé J, Janssens de Bisthoven L, Keunen H, Munera-Roldan C, Petzold J, Rochette AJ, Schmidt M, Schumann C, Sengupta S, Stoll-Kleemann S, van Kerkhoff L, Vanhove MP, Wyborn C. Communicating climate change and biodiversity loss with local populations: exploring communicative utopias in eight transdisciplinary case studies. UCL OPEN. ENVIRONMENT 2023; 5:e064. [PMID: 37840556 PMCID: PMC10571513 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies targeting and impacting local communities worldwide. However, research and policy implementation often fail to sufficiently consider community responses and to involve them. We present the results of a collective self-assessment exercise for eight case studies of communications with regard to climate change or biodiversity loss between project teams and local communities. We develop eight indicators of good stakeholder communication, reflecting the scope of Verran's (2002) concept of postcolonial moments as a communicative utopia. We demonstrate that applying our indicators can enhance communication and enable community responses. However, we discover a divergence between timing, complexity and (introspective) effort. Three cases qualify for postcolonial moments, but scrutinising power relations and genuine knowledge co-production remain rare. While we verify the potency of various instruments for deconstructing science, their sophistication cannot substitute trust building and epistemic/transdisciplinary awareness. Lastly, we consider that reforming inadequate funding policies helps improving the work in and with local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawud Ansari
- Energy Access and Development Program (EADP), Wilmersdorfer Str. 122-123, 10627, Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP), Ludwigkirchpl. 3-4, 10719 Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Melissa Abud
- WWF Colombia, Carrera 35 No. 4A-25 Cali, Colombia
| | - Laura Becerra
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - Wassim Brahim
- Energy Access and Development Program (EADP), Wilmersdorfer Str. 122-123, 10627, Berlin, Germany
- German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Mohrenstr. 58, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Nigel Dudley
- Equilibrium Research, 47 The Quays, Cumberland Road, Spike Island, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Dunlop
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Building 101, Clunies Ross St, Black Mountain ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Carolina Figueroa
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Hauser
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Hobbie
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mostafa A.R. Hossain
- Department of Fish Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jean Hugé
- Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luc Janssens de Bisthoven
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Keunen
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Munera-Roldan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jan Petzold
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Anne-Julie Rochette
- CEBioS, ‘Capacities for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthew Schmidt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Energy Economicy, Münchnerplatz 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sayanti Sengupta
- Red Cross/Red Crescent Climate Centre, Anna van Saksenlaan 50, 2593 HT Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Stoll-Kleemann
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 16, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lorrae van Kerkhoff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Maarten P.M. Vanhove
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Agoralaan gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Carina Wyborn
- The Luc Hoffmann Institute, Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland, Switzerland
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Ednie G, Kapoor T, Koppel O, Piczak ML, Reid JL, Murdoch AD, Cook CN, Sutherland WJ, Cooke SJ. Foresight science in conservation: Tools, barriers, and mainstreaming opportunities. AMBIO 2023; 52:411-424. [PMID: 36287382 PMCID: PMC9607712 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foresight science is a systematic approach to generate future predictions for planning and management by drawing upon analytical and predictive tools to understand the past and present, while providing insights about the future. To illustrate the application of foresight science in conservation, we present three case studies: identification of emerging risks to conservation, conservation of at-risk species, and aid in the development of management strategies for multiple stressors. We highlight barriers to mainstreaming foresight science in conservation including knowledge accessibility/organization, communication across diverse stakeholders/decision makers, and organizational capacity. Finally, we investigate opportunities for mainstreaming foresight science including continued advocacy to showcase its application, incorporating emerging technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence) to increase capacity/decrease costs, and increasing education/training in foresight science via specialized courses and curricula for trainees and practicing professionals. We argue that failure to mainstream foresight science will hinder the ability to achieve future conservation objectives in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Ednie
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Tyreen Kapoor
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Olga Koppel
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Morgan L. Piczak
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Jessica L. Reid
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Alyssa D. Murdoch
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, YK Y1A 0E9 Canada
| | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
- Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s (BioRISC), St Catharine’s College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1RL UK
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
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3
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Arias-González C, González-Maya JF, García-Villalba J, Blázquez M, Alfredo Arreola Lizárraga J, Cecilia Díaz Castro S, Ortega Rubio A. The identification and conservation of climate refugia for two Colombian endemic titi (Plecturocebus) monkeys. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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4
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Buschman VQ. Framing co-productive conservation in partnership with Arctic Indigenous peoples. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13972. [PMID: 35775098 PMCID: PMC10087301 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous communities at the front lines of climate change and biodiversity loss are increasingly shaping the conservation of lands, waters, and species. The Arctic is a hotbed for emerging local, national, and international conservation efforts, and researchers, managers, and communities alike will benefit from a framework that improves approaches to Indigenous partnerships. Co-productive conservation is a framework that encompasses both the co-production of knowledge and the co-production of public services to pursue ethically conscious, culturally relevant, and fully knowledge-based approaches to biodiversity concerns. Co-productive conservation recognizes that conservation can be practiced in a way that embodies Indigenous perspectives, knowledge, rights, priorities, and livelihoods. Six iterative and reflexive co-production processes (i.e., co-planning, co-prioritizing, co-learning, co-managing, co-delivering, and co-assessing) focus on the human dimensions that allow research, management, and conservation to affect change. By opening discussions on how to structure conservation efforts in partnership with Indigenous communities, the conservation community can move away from narratives that perceive Indigenous participation as an obligation or part of an ethical narrative and instead embrace a process that broadens the evidence base and situates conservation within Indigenous contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Qutuuq Buschman
- University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, University of Alaska Fairbanks International Arctic Research Center, Postboks 570, Pinngortitaleriffik, Nuuk, 3900, Greenland
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5
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Gaget E, Johnston A, Pavón-Jordán D, Lehikoinen AS, Sandercock BK, Soultan A, Božič L, Clausen P, Devos K, Domsa C, Encarnação V, Faragó S, Fitzgerald N, Frost T, Gaudard C, Gosztonyi L, Haas F, Hornman M, Langendoen T, Ieronymidou C, Luigujõe L, Meissner W, Mikuska T, Molina B, Musilová Z, Paquet JY, Petkov N, Portolou D, Ridzoň J, Sniauksta L, Stīpniece A, Teufelbauer N, Wahl J, Zenatello M, Brommer JE. Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13877. [PMID: 34927284 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites' conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Gaget
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Alison Johnston
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Diego Pavón-Jordán
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksi S Lehikoinen
- The Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brett K Sandercock
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alaaeldin Soultan
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luka Božič
- DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Preben Clausen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Koen Devos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Cristi Domsa
- Romanian Ornithological Society, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vitor Encarnação
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, IP (ICNF), Centro de Estudos de Migrações e Proteção de Aves (CEMPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sándor Faragó
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Lívia Gosztonyi
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - Fredrik Haas
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Menno Hornman
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leho Luigujõe
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tibor Mikuska
- Croatian Society for Bird and Nature Protection, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blas Molina
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zuzana Musilová
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nicky Petkov
- Conservation Department, Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Antra Stīpniece
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Salaspils, Latvia
| | | | - Johannes Wahl
- Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten e.V. (DDA), Federation of German Avifaunists, Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Zenatello
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Jon E Brommer
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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6
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Handler SD, Ledee OE, Hoving CL, Zuckerberg B, Swanston CW. A menu of climate change adaptation actions for terrestrial wildlife management. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Handler
- USDA Forest Service and Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science 410 MacInnes Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
| | - Olivia E. Ledee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center 1992 Folwell Ave St. Paul MN 55116 USA
| | | | - Benjamin Zuckerberg
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1620 Linden Drive Madison WI 53705 USA
| | - Christopher W. Swanston
- USDA Forest Service and Northern Institute of Applied Climate Science 410 MacInnes Drive Houghton MI 49931 USA
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7
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Gatiso TT, Kulik L, Bachmann M, Bonn A, Bösch L, Freytag A, Heurich M, Wesche K, Winter M, Ordaz‐Németh I, Sop T, Kühl HS. Sustainable protected areas: Synergies between biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsegaye T. Gatiso
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Food and Resource Economics Bonn Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Mona Bachmann
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Lukas Bösch
- Institute for Sociology University Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Andreas Freytag
- Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
- CESifo Research Network University of Stellenbosch Leipzig Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Management Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany
| | - Karsten Wesche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Senckenberg Museum für Naturkunde Görlitz Görlitz Germany
- International Institute Zittau Technische Universität Dresden Zittau Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Tenekwetche Sop
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
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8
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Using the Conservation Standards Framework to Address the Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has challenged biodiversity conservation practitioners and planners. In this paper, we provide scalable guidance on integrating climate change into conservation planning and adaptive management that results in the most appropriate conservation strategies. This integrated “Climate-Smart Conservation Practice” focuses on analyzing the potential impact of climate change on species, ecosystems, and ecosystem services, combined with “conventional” (non-climate) threats, and incorporating this knowledge into projects. The guidance is based on the already widely-used “Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation”, an application of systems thinking and adaptive management, which has been successfully applied to thousands of conservation projects. Our framework emphasizes a methodical analysis of climate change impacts for projects to support more productive goals and strategy development. We provide two case studies showing the applicability and flexibility of this framework. An initial key element is developing “situation models” that document both current and future threats affecting biodiversity while showing the interactions between climate and conventional threats. Guidance is also provided on how to design integrated, climate-smart goals and strategies, and detailed theories of change for selected strategies. The information and suggestions presented are intended to break down the steps to make the process more approachable, provide guidance to teams using climate change information within a systematic conservation planning process, and demonstrate how climate scientists can provide appropriate information to conservation planners.
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Magness DR, Hoang L, Belote RT, Brennan J, Carr W, Stuart Chapin F, Clifford K, Morrison W, Morton JM, Sofaer HR. Management Foundations for Navigating Ecological Transformation by Resisting, Accepting, or Directing Social–Ecological Change. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Despite striking global change, management to ensure healthy landscapes and sustained natural resources has tended to set objectives on the basis of the historical range of variability in stationary ecosystems. Many social–ecological systems are moving into novel conditions that can result in ecological transformation. We present four foundations to enable a transition to future-oriented conservation and management that increases capacity to manage change. The foundations are to identify plausible social–ecological trajectories, to apply upstream and deliberate engagement and decision-making with stakeholders, to formulate management pathways to desired futures, and to consider a portfolio approach to manage risk and account for multiple preferences across space and time. We use the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska as a case study to illustrate how the four foundations address common land management challenges for navigating transformation and deciding when, where, and how to resist, accept, or direct social–ecological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn R Magness
- US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, Alaska, United States
| | - Linh Hoang
- US Forest Service's Northern Region, Missoula, Montana, United States
| | | | - Jean Brennan
- USFWS and is now the climate adaptation coordinator for the Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition, Three Rivers, California, United States
| | - Wylie Carr
- National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - F Stuart Chapin
- University of Alaska's Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States
| | | | - Wendy Morrison
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Silver Springs, Maryland, United States
| | - John M Morton
- USFWS and is now vice president of the Alaska Wildlife Alliance, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Helen R Sofaer
- USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
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10
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Lynch AJ, Thompson LM, Morton JM, Beever EA, Clifford M, Limpinsel D, Magill RT, Magness DR, Melvin TA, Newman RA, Porath MT, Rahel FJ, Reynolds JH, Schuurman GW, Sethi SA, Wilkening JL. RAD Adaptive Management for Transforming Ecosystems. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Intensifying global change is propelling many ecosystems toward irreversible transformations. Natural resource managers face the complex task of conserving these important resources under unprecedented conditions and expanding uncertainty. As once familiar ecological conditions disappear, traditional management approaches that assume the future will reflect the past are becoming increasingly untenable. In the present article, we place adaptive management within the resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework to assist informed risk taking for transforming ecosystems. This approach empowers managers to use familiar techniques associated with adaptive management in the unfamiliar territory of ecosystem transformation. By providing a common lexicon, it gives decision makers agency to revisit objectives, consider new system trajectories, and discuss RAD strategies in relation to current system state and direction of change. Operationalizing RAD adaptive management requires periodic review and update of management actions and objectives; monitoring, experimentation, and pilot studies; and bet hedging to better identify and tolerate associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Lynch
- US Geological Survey (USGS), National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, United States
| | - Laura M Thompson
- USGS National Climate Adaptation Science Center and an adjunct faculty member, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - John M Morton
- US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and is now vice president of the Alaska Wildlife Alliance, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | - Erik A Beever
- USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center and a research professor for the Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | | | - Douglas Limpinsel
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Anchorage, Alaska, United States
| | | | - Dawn R Magness
- USFWS Kenai National Wildlife Refuge, Soldotna, Alaska, United States
| | - Tracy A Melvin
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Robert A Newman
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States
| | - Mark T Porath
- USFWS Ecological Services Nebraska Field Office, Wood River, Nebraska, United States
| | - Frank J Rahel
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Joel H Reynolds
- US National Park Service (NPS) Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Gregor W Schuurman
- NPS Climate Change Response Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Suresh A Sethi
- USGS New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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11
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Arenas-Castro S, Sillero N. Cross-scale monitoring of habitat suitability changes using satellite time series and ecological niche models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147172. [PMID: 34088022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges to deal with the global crisis of biodiversity loss is the lack of efficient and viable monitoring systems across scales. Unlike traditional in situ biodiversity monitoring, a usually costly and time-consuming enterprise, satellite remote sensing (SRS) data offer a technically feasible and sustainable in time solution. Here, we devise a cost-effective and upgradeable spatiotemporal framework for monitoring the species-specific habitat availability changes across scales by trend analysis of habitat suitability index (HSI) derived from ecological niche models (ENMs; Maxent) and using time series of SRS data (MODIS). The SRS-ENM framework was applied for a large suite of native species (911), from major taxonomic groups (flora (vascular plants), amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), and listed in the IUCN Red List at regional (Iberian Peninsula) and continental (Europe) scales. The HSI-trend analyses predict cumulative reductions in habitat suitability for Threatened and Non-Threatened species across scales for the period 2002-2016. Specifically, 19% and 66% of the total grid cells for both species' groups showed negative trends at both regional and continental scales, respectively. Results were similar when considering all IUCN threat categories. All taxa groups showed a decrease in habitat suitability, but amphibians and reptiles groups hosted the largest number of negative HSI-trends grid cells. Considering all groups together, 12% and 34% of both study areas have strong reductions in habitat quality. We conclude that our framework detects increases and decreases in species' habitat suitability regardless of the spatial scale, extent, and pixel size. Species' range predictions across space and time based on SRS time series represent a promising Earth observation tool to support traditional risk assessment protocols and anticipate the decision-making process, while serving as a cross-scale biodiversity monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Arenas-Castro
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Observatório Astronómico "Prof. Manuel de Barros", Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Observatório Astronómico "Prof. Manuel de Barros", Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
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13
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Grumbine RE, Xu J. Five Steps to Inject Transformative Change into the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Bioscience 2021; 71:637-646. [PMID: 34084096 PMCID: PMC8169310 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerating declines in biodiversity and unmet targets in the Convention on Biological Diversity's 2010-2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity are stimulating widespread calls for transformative change. Such change includes societal transitions toward sustainability, as well as in specific content of the CBD's draft Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. We summarize research on transformative change and its links to biodiversity conservation, and discuss how it may influence the work of the CBD. We identify five steps to inject transformative change into the design and implementation of a new post-2020 framework: Pay attention to lessons learned from transitions research, plan for climate change, reframe area-based conservation, scale up biodiversity mainstreaming, and increase resources. These actions will transform the very nature of work under the CBD; a convention based on voluntary implementation by countries and facilitated by international administrators and experts must now accommodate a broader range of participants including businesses, Indigenous peoples, and multiple nonstate actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Edward Grumbine
- Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative, Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kumming, China
| | - Jianchu Xu
- East and Central Asia Office, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming, China, and is the director of the Centre for Mountain Futures and a professor at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Kunming, China
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Carrasco L, Papeş M, Sheldon KS, Giam X. Global progress in incorporating climate adaptation into land protection for biodiversity since Aichi targets. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1788-1801. [PMID: 33570817 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate adaptation strategies are being developed and implemented to protect biodiversity from the impacts of climate change. A well-established strategy involves the identification and addition of new areas for conservation, and most countries agreed in 2010 to expand the global protected area (PA) network to 17% by 2020 (Aichi Biodiversity Target 11). Although great efforts to expand the global PA network have been made, the potential of newly established PAs to conserve biodiversity under future climate change remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we conducted the first global-extent, country-level assessment of the contribution of PA network expansion toward three key land prioritization approaches for biodiversity persistence under climate change: protecting climate refugia, protecting abiotic diversity, and increasing connectivity. These approaches avoid uncertainties of biodiversity predictions under climate change as well as the issue of undescribed species. We found that 51% of the countries created new PAs in locations with lower mean climate velocity (representing better climate refugia) and 58% added PAs in areas with higher mean abiotic diversity compared to the available, non-human-dominated lands not chosen for protection. However, connectivity among PAs declined in 53% of the countries, indicating that many new PAs were located far from existing PAs. Lastly, we identified potential improvements for climate adaptation, showing that 94% of the countries have the opportunity to improve in executing one or more approaches to conserve biodiversity. Most countries (60%) were associated with multiple opportunities, highlighting the need for integrative strategies that target multiple land protection approaches. Our results demonstrate that a global improvement in the protection of climate refugia, abiotic diversity, and connectivity of reserves is needed to complement land protection informed by existing and projected species distributions. Our study also provides a framework for countries to prioritize land protection for climate adaptation using publicly available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carrasco
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly S Sheldon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xingli Giam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Maxwell SL, Cazalis V, Dudley N, Hoffmann M, Rodrigues ASL, Stolton S, Visconti P, Woodley S, Kingston N, Lewis E, Maron M, Strassburg BBN, Wenger A, Jonas HD, Venter O, Watson JEM. Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century. Nature 2020; 586:217-227. [PMID: 33028996 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Humanity will soon define a new era for nature-one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses to the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, are likely to extend and diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation and management effectiveness diminish the potential role of area-based conservation in stemming biodiversity loss. Here we show how the expansion of protected areas by national governments since 2010 has had limited success in increasing the coverage across different elements of biodiversity (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' and wilderness areas) and ecosystem services (productive fisheries, and carbon services on land and sea). To be more successful after 2020, area-based conservation must contribute more effectively to meeting global biodiversity goals-ranging from preventing extinctions to retaining the most-intact ecosystems-and must better collaborate with the many Indigenous peoples, community groups and private initiatives that are central to the successful conservation of biodiversity. The long-term success of area-based conservation requires parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to secure adequate financing, plan for climate change and make biodiversity conservation a far stronger part of land, water and sea management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Maxwell
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Victor Cazalis
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Nigel Dudley
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Equilibrium Research, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Ana S L Rodrigues
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Piero Visconti
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.,Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Stephen Woodley
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Kingston
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Lewis
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Martine Maron
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernardo B N Strassburg
- Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre, Department of Geography and the Environment, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós Graduacão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amelia Wenger
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry D Jonas
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland.,Future Law, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Oscar Venter
- Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James E M Watson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Protected areas are the backbone of biodiversity conservation but are fixed in space and vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Myanmar is exceptionally rich in biodiversity but has a small protected area system. This study aimed to assess the potential vulnerability of this system to climate change. In the absence of good biodiversity data, we used a spatial modeling approach based on a statistically derived bioclimatic stratification (the Global Environmental Stratification, GEnS) to understand the spatial implications of projected climate change for Myanmar’s protected area system by 2050 and 2070. Nine bioclimatic zones and 41 strata were recognized in Myanmar, but their representation in the protected area system varied greatly, with the driest zones especially underrepresented. Under climate change, most zones will shift upslope, with some protected areas projected to change entirely to a new bioclimate. Potential impacts on biodiversity include mountaintop extinctions of species endemic to isolated peaks, loss of climate specialists from small protected areas and those with little elevational range, and woody encroachment into savannas and open forests as a result of both climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. Myanmar needs larger, better connected, and more representative protected areas, but political, social, and economic problems make this difficult.
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17
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Integrated ocean management for a sustainable ocean economy. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1451-1458. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lavorel S, Locatelli B, Colloff MJ, Bruley E. Co-producing ecosystem services for adapting to climate change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190119. [PMID: 31983325 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems can sustain social adaptation to environmental change by protecting people from climate change effects and providing options for sustaining material and non-material benefits as ecological structure and functions transform. Along adaptation pathways, people navigate the trade-offs between different ecosystem contributions to adaptation, or adaptation services (AS), and can enhance their synergies and co-benefits as environmental change unfolds. Understanding trade-offs and co-benefits of AS is therefore essential to support social adaptation and requires analysing how people co-produce AS. We analysed co-production along the three steps of the ecosystem cascade: (i) ecosystem management; (ii) mobilization; and (iii) appropriation, social access and appreciation. Using five exemplary case studies across socio-ecosystems and continents, we show how five broad mechanisms already active for current ecosystem services can enhance co-benefits and minimize trade-offs between AS: (1) traditional and multi-functional land/sea management targeting ecological resilience; (2) pro-active management for ecosystem transformation; (3) co-production of novel services in landscapes without compromising other services; (4) collective governance of all co-production steps; and (5) feedbacks from appropriation, appreciation of and social access to main AS. We conclude that knowledge and recognition of co-production mechanisms will enable pro-active management and governance for collective adaptation to ecosystem transformation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bruno Locatelli
- Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier 34098, France.,Cifor, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Matthew J Colloff
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Enora Bruley
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 38000 Grenoble, France
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