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Cammilleri G, Galluzzo FG, Randazzo V, La Russa F, Di Pasquale ML, Gambino D, Gargano V, Castronovo C, Bacchi E, Giarratana F, Ferrantelli V, Giangrosso G. Distribution of trace metals and metalloids in tissues of Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) from Southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174712. [PMID: 38997011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids in the environment are recognised as a threat to the health of organism. Terrestrial birds are ideal subjects for the examination of these pollutants because of their high mobility and high intra- and interspecific variation in trophic levels. We examined the contents of 6 trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Sb and V) and metalloids (As) in the liver, kidney, muscle, and feathers of woodcocks (Scolopax rusticola) from Southern Italy by a validated ICP-MS method. Significant differences in trace elements were found in all the tissues examined (p < 0.05). The highest Sb and Cr levels were found in feathers samples with mean values of 0.019 mg/Kg and 0.085 mg/Kg, respectively. High Pb levels were found in muscle, with 23 % of the samples exceeding the limits set by the European Union. Cd was predominantly found in the kidney samples (0.76 mg/Kg). Vanadium was the less abundant trace metal, showing the highest concentrations in the liver (0.028 ± 0.011 mg/Kg). Higher As levels were found in muscle (0.02 ± 0.015 mg/Kg). No significant differences between sex and age classes (juveniles vs. adults) were found, nor were there correlations between morphometric parameters and trace metal/metalloid contents. Principal Component Analysis determined differences in metal accumulation between tissues. Feathers were confirmed as useful indicators of metal contamination. The results of this work confirmed that the accumulation of toxic elements in the tissues of woodcocks is primarily influenced by ecological traits such as feeding habits and migration status. Statistical analysis of the tissues would seem to exclude important accumulation phenomena of Pb. The high levels found in the muscle could be due to lead ammunition. This work provides the first data on the accumulation of As, Cr, Sb, and V in woodcocks tissue, providing a more comprehensive insight into the potential impact of these pollutants on birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Cammilleri
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuseppe Galluzzo
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco La Russa
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Liliana Di Pasquale
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Delia Gambino
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Gargano
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bacchi
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Università degli Studi di Messina, piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giangrosso
- Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Green RE, Taggart MA, Guiu M, Waller H, Pap S, Sheldon R, Pain DJ. Difference in concentration of lead (Pb) in meat from pheasants killed using lead and iron (Fe) shotgun ammunition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170356. [PMID: 38272095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of lead shotgun ammunition for hunting has been banned in a few jurisdictions and habitats, principally to protect wild birds from poisoning by ingestion of spent lead shot. The EU and UK REACH processes have recently considered bans on lead ammunition throughout the European Union and United Kingdom, including assessments of possible health benefits from reduced human dietary exposure to lead from game meat. Comparisons of the mean lead concentrations in meat from gamebirds killed using lead and non‑lead shotgun ammunition have not been published. We compared lead concentrations in meat from wild-shot pheasants from which lead shotgun pellets were recovered (n = 27) with those from which iron pellets were recovered (n = 20), having removed all pellets from the meat before analysis. The mean concentration of lead in meat from pheasants killed using lead shot was 2.10 mg/kg w.w., which is >20 times the European Union's maximum permitted level for the lead concentration in meat from domesticated animals. For pheasants killed using iron shot the mean was 0.07 mg/kg w.w., which is below the maximum permitted level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys E Green
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Maider Guiu
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Hayley Waller
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Sabolc Pap
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Rob Sheldon
- 78 Riverdene Road, Ilford, Essex IG1 2EA, UK
| | - Deborah J Pain
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Hou L, Xia X, Du Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu W, Zhao J, Wang K, Zhang L, Wang Q. Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practices among residents in the Northeast areas of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1296869. [PMID: 38351960 PMCID: PMC10861797 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1296869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to affect the daily life of communities worldwide. Nutrition is a vital determinant of overall health. Given the lack of specific drugs for COVID-19 and incomplete vaccination coverage, optimizing nutrition appears to be one of the most cost-effective means of enhancing immunity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to offer insights into the personal determinants of dietary behavior during COVID-19 pandemic in four major cities within the Northeast region. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered in EpiData V-3.02 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was also employed to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. Results A total of 4,092 respondents were included in the study. Most of the respondents demonstrated had inadequate nutrition knowledge, 26% of them provided ≥60% of correct answers. About one-third of the respondents were knowledgeable about the daily levels of oil, salt, milk, water, vegetables and fruits for adults. Furthermore, our results showed that 60.6% of participants held positive attitudes toward healthy eating. Additionally, only 54.6% of the participants have heathy dietary practices during COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the following characteristics were associated with displaying unhealthy dietary behaviors: being men, having a lower education level, having a family income of 10,000-19,999 and more than 20,000, being resided in Harbin, Shenyang, and Changchun. Importantly, the strongest associations were observed between poor dietary knowledge and unhealthy eating behaviors. Similarly, dietary attitudes were strongly associated with healthy dietary behaviors when the effects of other factors were excluded; responders with negative attitudes were more likely to exhibit unhealthy eating behaviors. Conclusion Our findings suggest that residents in the Northeast China possessed a relatively low level of nutritional knowledge, which directly influenced their dietary practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable insights into the cross-sectional description and key factors related to nutrition-related KAP, serving as a basis for future policymaking to respond more effectively to health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Hou
- Dalian Medical University Library, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xueyan Xia
- Dalian Medical University Library, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Du
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Organisms Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Organisms Seed Industry Technology Co., Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Dalian Medical University Library, Dalian, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Thomas VG, Kanstrup N. Promoting enforcement of non-lead hunting ammunition regulations and compliance in Europe and North America. AMBIO 2023; 52:1350-1358. [PMID: 37079207 PMCID: PMC10272061 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The direct regulation of lead ammunition in North America and Europe has been mainly for hunting in wetlands. Little support among hunters and the ammunition makers exists for further regulation despite suitable lead substitutes and much education about the known risks to wildlife and human health from ingested lead. In the absence of personnel to detect use of lead ammunition and enforce regulations, hunter compliance is low. Identification of non-lead ammunition using existing electronic technology and an international protocol on the identification of non-lead rifle bullets is proposed to aid enforcement. An explicit definition of the chemical composition of lead substitutes is required in European Union legislation together with a more enforceable distinction between 'possession during hunting' and 'ownership' of lead ammunition. A more transdisciplinary regulatory approach to transitioning to non-lead ammunition is advised. It comprises widespread public health advisories, setting a maximum allowable lead level in commercial game meats in EU legislation, and public communication that emphasizes the benefits of non-lead ammunition use to all categories of wildlife and the public perception of hunting, whether in North America or Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon G. Thomas
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ciobanu MM, Manoliu DR, Ciobotaru MC, Anchidin BG, Matei M, Munteanu M, Frunză G, Murariu OC, Flocea EI, Boișteanu PC. The Influence of Sensory Characteristics of Game Meat on Consumer Neuroperception: A Narrative Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061341. [PMID: 36981266 PMCID: PMC10048761 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Game meat contains bioactive compounds that directly influence the formation of a rich reservoir of flavor precursors that produce specific sensory properties. Quality is considered one of the most influential determinants of consumer behavior, but the interpretation of this concept differs between consumers. Although recognized for its quality, its unique sensory characteristics (smell, taste, aroma) may have a major impact on consumer perception. The aim of this review is to describe the consumer behavior regarding game meat through elements of neuroperception, using methods of analysis, observation, and interpretation of scientific information from the literature. Following the analysis of published papers on this topic, it was shown that external factors influencing the biological basis of behavior could provide explanations for the acceptance or rejection of this type of meat and solutions. Neuroperception can explain the mechanism behind consumer decision-making. The influence of extrinsic factors (environment, mood, emotions, stress) shapes the perception of the quality attributes of game meat, the unique sensory characteristics of game meat passing through a primary filter of sensory receptors (eyes, nose, tongue, etc). Game meat is darker and tougher (compared to meat from domestic animals), and the taste and smell have the power to trigger memories and change the mood, influencing consumer behavior. Understanding consumer attitudes towards game meat in relation to quality attributes and the physiology of sensory perception can provide important insights for food industry professionals, processors, sensory evaluators, and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius-Mihai Ciobanu
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana-Remina Manoliu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai-Cătălin Ciobotaru
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Georgiana Anchidin
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Matei
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mugurel Munteanu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Frunză
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Otilia Cristina Murariu
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena-Iuliana Flocea
- Faculty of Agriculture, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 3, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paul-Corneliu Boișteanu
- Faculty of Animal and Food Resources Engineering, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences, M. Sadoveanu Alley, No. 8, 700490 Iasi, Romania
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Totoni S, Fabisiak JP, Beasley VR, Arnemo JM, Schulz JH, Terry MA, Peterson J. Biting the Bullet: A Call for Action on Lead-Contaminated Meat in Food Banks. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S651-S654. [PMID: 36179302 PMCID: PMC9528652 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Totoni
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - James P Fabisiak
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - Val R Beasley
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - John H Schulz
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - Martha A Terry
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
| | - Jim Peterson
- Samantha Totoni, James P. Fabisiak, and Jim Peterson are with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Val R. Beasley is with the Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana. Jon M. Arnemo is with the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway, and the Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden. John H. Schulz is with the School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia. Martha A. Terry is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health
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Green R, Taggart M, Pain D, Smithson K. Implications for food safety of the size and location of fragments of lead shotgun pellets embedded in hunted carcasses of small game animals intended for human consumption. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268089. [PMID: 35994440 PMCID: PMC9394810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcasses of common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) killed by hunters using shotguns are widely used or sold in the United Kingdom and elsewhere for human consumption. Almost all of the birds are shot using shotgun pellets composed principally of lead (Pb). Lead shotgun pellets often fragment on impact within the bodies of gamebirds, leaving small lead particles in the meat that are difficult for consumers to detect and remove and from which a greater proportion of lead is likely to be absorbed. Chronic exposure to even low levels of lead is associated with negative health effects in humans and especially in groups particularly vulnerable to the effects of lead, which include young children and pregnant women. Our study used a high-resolution computerised tomography X-ray scanner to locate, in three dimensions, metal fragments embedded within carcasses of eight pheasants sold for human consumption in the UK. Small radio-dense fragments (<2 mm diameter), assumed to be metallic lead, were present in all of the pheasant carcasses examined (mean number: 39 per carcass) and many were too small (<0.1 mm diameter) and too distant from the nearest large shotgun pellet for it to be practical for consumers to detect and remove them without discarding a large proportion of otherwise usable meat. Consumers of carcasses of pheasants killed using lead shotgun ammunition are likely to be exposed to elevated levels of dietary lead, even if careful food preparation is practiced to remove shotgun pellets and the most damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Green
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Pain
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Keturah Smithson
- Cambridge Biotomography Centre, Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Pain DJ, Green RE, Taggart MA, Kanstrup N. How contaminated with ammunition-derived lead is meat from European small game animals? Assessing and reducing risks to human health. AMBIO 2022; 51:1772-1785. [PMID: 35536507 PMCID: PMC9200912 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Small game animals are generally hunted with lead gunshot which often fragments causing elevated lead concentrations in meat and presenting health risks to frequent consumers and vulnerable groups. We reviewed three decades of European data on lead concentrations in the meat of gamebirds, rabbits and hares across countries with various restrictions on lead gunshot use. Mean meat lead concentrations decreased to a low level in Denmark, the only country in the study with a total ban on lead gunshot use. In contrast, elsewhere in Europe meat lead concentrations increased over time, an unexplained and previously undescribed finding. The only regulatory restriction associated with a decrease in meat lead concentrations was the Danish total ban on lead gunshot use. We calculated an arithmetic mean lead concentration in small game meat of 5.205 ppm w.w. (2011-2021) from across Europe. EU and UK regulators are considering banning lead ammunition for all hunting to protect human and wildlife health. The mean value we found for small game meat (2011-2021) was fourteen times higher than that used in a recent EU-wide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Pain
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ UK
- Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL Bedfordshire UK
| | - Mark A. Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, KW14 7AP UK
| | - Niels Kanstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Christou A, Hadjisterkotis E, Dalias P, Demetriou E, Christofidou M, Kozakou S, Michael N, Charalambous C, Hatzigeorgiou M, Christou E, Stefani D, Christoforou E, Neocleous D. Lead contamination of soils, sediments, and vegetation in a shooting range and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: A holistic approach for evaluating potential risks. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133424. [PMID: 34974047 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that shooting ranges constitute hotspots of Pb contamination. This study evaluated the degree of Pb contamination of soils, sediments and vegetation within the boundaries of a highly visited shooting range, as well as the fluvial transport and dispersal of Pb, and therefore the contamination of adjacent river and water reservoir. Soils in the shooting range were severely contaminated with Pb, as indicated by the values of enrichment and contamination factor. The concentration of Pb in these soils ranged from 791 mg kg-1 to 7265 mg kg-1, being several dozens or even hundreds of times higher compared with control background samples. A temporary stream being in close proximity was also polluted, though to a much lesser extent. The degree of Pb contamination was negatively correlated with the distance from the shooting range. To this effect, the degree of contamination of the river and the water reservoir being in the vicinity of the shooting range was negligible, as sediments and water samples preserved similar Pb concentrations with control samples. However, cultivated (olives) and wild native plant species grown in the area of the shooting range were found to uptake and accumulate high concentrations of Pb in their tissues (even 50 times higher compared with control samples). The severe contamination of soils, sediments and vegetation in the studied shooting range can provoke very high ecological risks. Overall, results suggest that management measures should be undertaken within the boundaries of the studied shooting range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Eleftherios Hadjisterkotis
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Dalias
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Demetriou
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Christofidou
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sofia Kozakou
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicos Michael
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Eftychia Christou
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetris Stefani
- State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 28648, 2081, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Damianos Neocleous
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Kalinina S, Panchenko D, Ilyukha V, Canfield A, Baishnikova I, Antonova E, Nikerova K. Elements and antioxidants in wild boar from northwestern Russia. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-022-01570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Czarniecka-Skubina E, Stasiak DM, Latoch A, Owczarek T, Hamulka J. Consumers' Perception and Preference for the Consumption of Wild Game Meat among Adults in Poland. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060830. [PMID: 35327252 PMCID: PMC8954458 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild game meat can be a healthier, safer, and more environmentally friendly alternative to meat from farm animals. The aims of this study were to know the preferences and opinions of Polish consumers regarding game meat and its use in their diet, and to identify consumer segments based on differences in individual game meat choices, concerns, and eating habits related to game meat. The survey was conducted using the platform for online surveys among 1261 adult Poles. Six clusters characterizing the behavior of game consumers were identified (casual consumers, occasional game gourmets, indifferent consumers, occasional consumers, accidental consumers, wild game lovers) and four clusters among those who do not eat game (uninterested, restricted, dislikers, fearful). It has been found that wild game is more often eaten by hunters and their family or friends. The most common reasons for not consuming game are high prices, low availability, no family tradition, and unacceptable taste. Many positive respondents eat game because of its nutritional value but are concerned about the potential health risks and lack of cooking skills. The results of this study indicate the need for information programs for consumers about this meat. They will provide guidance to meat companies about consumer preferences for game and allow them to develop appropriate marketing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5937063
| | - Dariusz M. Stasiak
- Department of Animal Food Technology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Latoch
- Department of Animal Food Technology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Tomasz Owczarek
- Department of Marketing and Quantitative Methods, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska Str., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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12
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A Review on Alaria alata, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp. in Mammalian Game Meat Consumed in Europe: Epidemiology, Risk Management and Future Directions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030263. [PMID: 35158587 PMCID: PMC8833328 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In many European countries, game meat consumption is related to the traditional hunting culture. Its demand and consumption are increasing, also due to the growing populations of wild ungulates. However, specific public health issues exist and should be taken into account. This review focuses on the causal agents, epidemiology, potential risk for human health and its management along the supply chain, including parasite detection at slaughtering and inactivation in meat, of three parasites (Alaria alata, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp.), which can be transmitted by the main mammalian game meat species in the EU: wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), moose (Alces alces), hare (Lepus europaeus) and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). By presenting the main issues and knowledge gaps, this study aims to contribute to an improved control supporting the risk analysis process. Abstract Game meat is increasingly appreciated and consumed in Europe, also due to the growing population of wild ungulates. In addition to interesting nutritional properties and market opportunities, game meat is characterized by some specific public health issues. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, public health aspects and risk management along the supply chain, including parasite detection at slaughtering and inactivation in meat, of three selected foodborne parasitic hazards (Alaria alata, Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp.) in the main mammalian game meat species in the EU: wild boar (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), moose (Alces alces), hare (Lepus europaeus) and wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The presented data point out the main issues, and knowledge gaps as well as the potential for improved control in order to contribute to the risk analysis process. To pursue an effective management of these parasitic zoonoses, awareness raising should involve all figures in the supply chain, including hunters, restaurateurs and consumers. Human behaviour and the lack of knowledge regarding meat borne parasitic zoonoses and the health risks they pose seem to be the most important factors responsible for human infections. However, detection methods, starting from the sampling procedure, should be further developed and standardized in order to improve the collection of accurate and up-to-date epidemiological data.
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Wysok B, Sołtysiuk M, Stenzel T. Wildlife Waterfowl as a Source of Pathogenic Campylobacter Strains. Pathogens 2022; 11:113. [PMID: 35215056 PMCID: PMC8879909 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine whether free-living birds belonging to game species whose meat is used for human consumption can constitute a reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human infection. METHODS A total of 91 cloacal swabs were taken from different species of wildlife waterfowl to estimate the Campylobacter prevalence, the genetic diversity of the isolates, and the presence of virulence genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS The presence of Campylobacter spp. was confirmed in 32.9% of samples. Based on flaA-SVR sequencing, a total of 19 different alleles among the tested Campylobacter isolates were revealed. The virulence genes involved in adhesion were detected at high frequencies among Campylobacter isolates regardless of the host species. The highest resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. The resistance rates to erythromycin and tetracycline were observed at the same level. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that wildlife waterfowl belonging to game species may constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human disease. The high distribution of virulence-associated genes among wildlife waterfowl Campylobacter isolates make them potentially able to induce infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Wysok
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Sołtysiuk
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomasz Stenzel
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Nkosi DV, Bekker JL, Hoffman LC. Toxic Metals in Wild Ungulates and Domestic Meat Animals Slaughtered for Food Purposes: A Systemic Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112853. [PMID: 34829133 PMCID: PMC8621197 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of toxic metals in harvested game meat is a cause for concern for public health and meat safety in general. Authorities and food safety agencies continue to develop guidelines and limits of the maximum allowable levels of toxic metals in food products. However, the situation is different for game meat products in developing countries, where a number of shortcomings have been identified. This includes a lack of game meat animal slaughter regulations, specific species' product limits that have not yet been established and the continued use of hunting or game meat animals' harvesting plans that could introduce the same toxic metals of concern. This review was conducted from English literature published between 2011 and 2021; it highlights the possible health effects and the shortcomings in the implementation of game meat safety production strategies for toxic metals (Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium and Mercury) in game meat animal production. Lead (Pb) remains the most significant threat for toxic metals contamination in game meat animals and the slaughter processes. In most developing countries, including in South Africa, the monitoring and control of these heavy metals in the game meat value chain has not yet been implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davies Veli Nkosi
- Department of Environmental Health, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-385-5283
| | - Johan Leon Bekker
- Department of Environmental Health, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Louwrens Christian Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, Australia
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15
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Johler S, Guldimann C. An Introduction to Current Trends in Meat Microbiology and Hygiene. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This editorial review aims to provide readers with an introduction to the Current Clinical Microbiology Report Special Issue “Meat Microbiology and Hygiene.” It will provide an overview of overarching trends and developments in this field, introduce the articles presented in this Special Issue, and attempt to offer a glimpse into the future of meat microbiology and hygiene.
Recent Findings
Meat production has been subjected to transformative changes within the last decade, and the focus of assuring meat safety has shifted to account for changing consumer demands as well as new microbial risks such as strains carrying antimicrobial resistance determinants.
Summary
Assuring that meat products meet high safety standards remains crucial to consumers worldwide. New risk-based meat safety assurance systems leveraging latest technological advances are needed to protect consumers and promote public health.
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Tammone A, Caselli AE, Condorí WE, Fernandez V, Estein SM, Vanstreels RET, Sosa C, Delaloye A, Uhart MM. Lead exposure in consumers of culled invasive alien mammals in El Palmar National Park, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42432-42443. [PMID: 33813701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of meat from animals hunted with Pb ammunition can cause toxic accumulation with consequent health risks, even if relatively small amounts are consumed in each exposure. In El Palmar National Park, Argentina, invasive alien mammals, wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis), are culled with Pb ammunition and their meat is consumed. In this study, we evaluated blood Pb concentrations in 58 consumers of culled game and examined Pb exposure risk according to their demographics, duty, and consumption habits. Likewise, the likelihood of exposure was evaluated by quantifying Pb concentrations in meat samples of seven culled axis deer. Twenty-seven participants (46%) had detectable blood Pb levels (limit of detection = 3.3 μg/dL), with an average 4.75 ± 1.35 μg/dL (geometric mean ± geometric S.D.); the average for all participants was 3.25 ± 1.51 μg/dL. Blood Pb concentrations were significantly higher in hunters, in participants who reported consuming game meat more than 5 times per week, and in participants who reported frequently consuming cured game meat (compared to cooked or pickled). Pb concentration varied significantly along the trajectory of the bullet in deer muscle, being highest at mid-point but with detectable Pb levels even in distant tissue samples (control), suggesting potential for dietary intake by consumers. These findings provide evidence of Pb exposure risk in consumers and emphasize the relevance of replacing Pb ammunition with non-toxic alternatives. This change would reduce dietary exposure in frequent consumers and allow the use of game meat as safe food for people whilst eliminating collateral risks to wild animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Tammone
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Elsa Caselli
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Ezequiel Condorí
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Fernandez
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marcela Estein
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CONICET-CIVETAN), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos (IPRAM), Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Cristian Sosa
- Parque Nacional El Palmar, Administración Nacional de Parques Nacionales Argentina, Ubajay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Aldo Delaloye
- Parque Nacional El Palmar, Administración Nacional de Parques Nacionales Argentina, Ubajay, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Marcela María Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Perception of the Health Threats Related to the Consumption of Wild Animal Meat-Is Eating Game Risky? Foods 2021; 10:foods10071544. [PMID: 34359415 PMCID: PMC8303633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer interest in game meat has increased in recent years. Consumers appreciate its nutritional value but still have many concerns. Based on data from a quantitative study conducted in the group of 450 purposively selected Polish respondents declaring to consume the game meat, consumers were segmented concerning the perception of health risks associated with its consumption. Three separate clusters were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis: Indifferent (42%), Fearful (30%), and Selective (28%). The clusters differed significantly in the perception of the role of game in their lives and taking actions to mitigate the health risks associated with its consumption. In addition, their socioeconomic profiles were significantly different. The Indifferent segment-significantly more often than the other segments-believes that game has a positive impact on health, and the way to counteract the health risks is to not eat raw meat. The Selective segment attaches great importance to the choice of consumption place as a warranty of access to safe meat. The Fearful segment is willing to pay more for good quality meat and search for information. The results proved that the game consumers are not a homogenous group. Recognizing the differences can indicate a path for the traders to efficiently meet the consumers' expectations and needs.
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18
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Industrial Halal hunted-game and feral animals' meat production. Meat Sci 2021; 181:108602. [PMID: 34175661 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hunted wild game meat (HGM) is growing in popularity and attracting a premium among consumers. This has led to the emergence of supply chains for industrially produced HGM in many countries. With the growing demand for Halal meat and the disposable income of its consumers around the globe, meat and game industries in countries rich in wild game and feral animals would be encouraged to consider supplying Halal hunted game meat (HHGM) to Halal consumers around the world. Meeting the Halal requirements for industrial HHGM is easy given the already existing supply chains for HGM in many producing countries. What is needed by the Game and Meat Industries in these countries to comply with the Halal requirements in terms of the hunted animal and the hunter, the hunt location, modes and methods, the handling and processing of hunted carcases and the hunted animal welfare and sustainability in the industrial production of HHGM, is the subject of this review.
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