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King C, Plakke B. Maternal choline supplementation in neurodevelopmental disorders: mechanistic insights from animal models and future directions. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39046330 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2377084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize evidence from animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) using maternal choline supplementation, to characterize current knowledge on the mechanisms of choline's protective effects against NDD, and to identify gaps in knowledge for future study. METHODS A literature review was conducted in PubMed to identify studies using prenatal choline supplementation interventions in rodent models of neurodevelopmental disorders. 24 studies were identified, and behavioral and biological findings were extracted from each. Studies examining both genetic and environmental risk factors were included. RESULTS Maternal choline supplementation during gestation is protective against both genetic and environmental NDD risk factors. Maternal choline supplementation improves both cognitive and affective outcomes throughout the lifespan in NDD models. Prenatal choline improved these outcomes through its participation in processes like neurogenesis, epigenetic regulation, and anti-inflammatory signaling. DISCUSSION Maternal choline supplementation improves behavioral and neurobiological outcomes in animal models of NDD, paralleling findings in humans. Animal models provide a unique opportunity to study the mechanisms by which gestational choline improves neurodevelopmental outcomes. This is especially important since nearly 90% of pregnant people in the United States are deficient in choline intake. However, much is still unknown about the mechanisms through which choline and its derivatives act. Further research into this topic, especially mechanistic studies in animal models, is critical to modernize maternal choline intake guidelines and to develop interventions to increase maternal choline intake in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole King
- Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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2
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Du C, Wang S, Shi X, Jing P, Wang H, Wang L. Identification of senescence related hub genes and potential therapeutic compounds for dilated cardiomyopathy via comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108901. [PMID: 39029429 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure. However, the role of cellular senescence in DCM has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate senescence in DCM, identify senescence related characteristic genes, and explore the potential small molecule compounds for DCM treatment. METHODS DCM-associated datasets and senescence-related genes were respectively obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and CellAge database. The characteristic genes were identified through methods including weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and random forest. The expression of characteristic genes was verified in the mouse DCM model. Moreover, the CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to analyze immune characteristics of DCM. Finally, several therapeutic compounds were predicted by CMap analysis, and the potential mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS Three DCM- and senescence-related characteristic genes (MME, GNMT and PLA2G2A) were ultimately identified through comprehensive transcriptome analysis, and were experimentally verified in the doxorubicin induced mouse DCM. Meanwhile, the established diagnostic model, derived from dataset analysis, showed ideal diagnostic performance for DCM. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested dysregulation of inflammation in DCM, and the characteristic genes were significantly associated with invasive immune cells. Finally, based on the specific gene expression profile of DCM, several potential therapeutic compounds were predicted through CMap analysis. In addition, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that CGA could bind to the active pocket of MME protein. CONCLUSION Our study presents three characteristic genes (MME, PLA2G2A, and GNMT) and a novel senescence-based diagnostic nomogram, and discusses potential therapeutic compounds, providing new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinying Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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3
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Wang Q, Lin W, Ni Y, Zhou J, Xu G, Han R. Engineering of Methionine Adenosyltransferase toward Mitigated Product Inhibition for Efficient Production of S-Adenosylmethionine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39016109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a crucial metabolic intermediate playing irreplaceable roles in organismal activities. However, the synthesis of SAM by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is hindered by low conversion due to severe product inhibition. Herein structure-guided semirational engineering was conducted on MAT from Escherichia coli (EcMAT) to mitigate the product inhibitory effect. Compared with the wild-type EcMAT, the best variant E56Q/Q105R exhibited an 8.13-fold increase in half maximal inhibitory concentration and a 4.46-fold increase in conversion (150 mM ATP and l-methionine), leading to a SAM titer of 47.02 g/L. Another variant, E56N/Q105R, showed superior thermostability with an impressive 85.30-fold increase in half-life (50 °C) value. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results demonstrate that the alleviation in product inhibitory effect could be attributed to facilitated product release. This study offers molecular insights into the mitigated product inhibition, and provides valuable guidance for engineering MAT toward enhanced catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ye Ni
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Enzyme Technology in Medicine and Chemical Industry, Hunan Flag Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Enzyme Technology in Medicine and Chemical Industry, Hunan Flag Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Ruizhi Han
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Limveeraprajak N, Nakhawatchana S, Visukamol A, Siripakkaphant C, Suttajit S, Srisurapanont M. Efficacy and acceptability of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) for depressed patients: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110985. [PMID: 38423354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in treating depression. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinialTrials.gov from inception to July 3, 2023, identifying randomized controlled trials comparing SAMe with placebo or antidepressants (ADs). We synthesized data on reduced depressive symptoms (efficacy) and overall dropout rates (acceptability) using a random-effects model for pairwise frequentist meta-analysis. Our analysis included 23 trials (N = 2183) classified into three categories: 11 trials comparing SAMe and placebo, 5 trials comparing SAMe plus ADs and placebo plus ADs, and 7 trials comparing SAMe and ADs. Differences between experimental and control interventions in reducing depressive symptoms were observed: i) SAMe demonstrated significantly superior efficacy compared to placebo (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI = -0.93 to -0.23, I2 = 68%); ii) in conjunction with ADs, SAMe did not show a significant difference from placebo (SMD = -0.22, 95%CI = -0.63 to 0.19, I2 = 76%); and iii) SAMe did not exhibit a significant difference from ADs alone (SMD = 0.06, 95%CI = -0.06 to 0.18, I2 = 49%). No significant differences in dropout rates were observed across the three comparison categories. Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that SAMe monotherapy may offer a moderate therapeutic benefit in alleviating depressive symptoms. Considering its favorable acceptability profile, SAMe monotherapy should be considered as a treatment option for patients with depression. However, uncertainties regarding its efficacy as an adjunct to AD and its comparative efficacy with ADs remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apidsada Visukamol
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sirijit Suttajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Manit Srisurapanont
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Bekdash RA. Epigenetics, Nutrition, and the Brain: Improving Mental Health through Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4036. [PMID: 38612845 PMCID: PMC11012292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between nutrition and brain health is intricate. Studies suggest that nutrients during early life impact not only human physiology but also mental health. Although the exact molecular mechanisms that depict this relationship remain unclear, there are indications that environmental factors such as eating, lifestyle habits, stress, and physical activity, influence our genes and modulate their function by epigenetic mechanisms to shape mental health outcomes. Epigenetic mechanisms act as crucial link between genes and environmental influences, proving that non-genetic factors could have enduring effects on the epigenome and influence health trajectories. We review studies that demonstrated an epigenetic mechanism of action of nutrition on mental health, focusing on the role of specific micronutrients during critical stages of brain development. The methyl-donor micronutrients of the one-carbon metabolism, such as choline, betaine, methionine, folic acid, VitB6 and VitB12 play critical roles in various physiological processes, including DNA and histone methylation. These micronutrients have been shown to alter gene function and susceptibility to diseases including mental health and metabolic disorders. Understanding how micronutrients influence metabolic genes in humans can lead to the implementation of early nutritional interventions to reduce the risk of developing metabolic and mental health disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola A Bekdash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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6
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Mathes A, Duman MB, Neumann A, Dobreva G, Schmidt T. S-adenosylmethionine treatment affects histone methylation in prostate cancer cells. Gene 2024; 893:147915. [PMID: 37866662 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) represents a potent inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasionin vitro.The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we examined, if treatment with SAM may cause alterations in the methylation of the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, which are both known to play important roles in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. We treated PC-3 cells with 200 µmol SAM, a concentration known to cause anticancerogenic effects, followed by ChIP-sequencing for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. We detected 236 differentially methylated regions for H3K27me3 and 560 differentially methylated regions for H3K4me3. GO Term enrichment showed upregulation of anticancerogenic, as well as downregulation of cancerogenic related biological processes, molecular functions, and pathways. Furthermore, we compared specific methylation profiles of SAM treated samples to gene expression changes (RNA-Seq). 35 upregulated and 56 downregulated genes (total: 604 differentially expressed genes) could be related to hypomethylated and hypermethylated regions. 17 upregulated genes could be identified as tumor suppressor genes, 45 downregulated genes in contrast are considered as oncogenes. As a conclusion it can be stated that SAM treatment of prostate cancer cells resulted in alterations of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 methylation profiles. Gene to peak annotation, alignment with results of a transcriptome study as well as GO-term analysis underpinned the biological relevance of methylation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mathes
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Gergana Dobreva
- Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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7
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Meng Q, Liu Y, Yao L, Ma Z, Guo L, Hu T, Luo Y, Chen J, Dang E, Li Z. Serine deficiency exacerbates psoriatic skin inflammation by regulating S-adenosyl methionine-dependent DNA methylation and NF-κB signalling activation in keratinocytes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:145-156. [PMID: 37669859 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine metabolism is crucial for tumour oncogenesis and immune responses. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a methyl donor, is typically derived from serine-driven one-carbon metabolism. However, the involvement of serine metabolism in psoriatic skin inflammation remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between serine metabolism and psoriatic skin inflammation. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from patients with psoriasis and the expression of serine biosynthesis enzymes was evaluated. The HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line was transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of key enzyme or treated with inhibitors. RNA sequencing and DNA methylation assays were performed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying serine metabolism-regulated psoriatic keratinocyte inflammation. An imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model was established to determine the effect of the SAM administration on psoriatic skin inflammation. RESULTS The expression of serine synthesis pathway enzymes, including the first rate-limiting enzyme in serine biosynthesis, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), was downregulated in the epidermal lesions of patients with psoriasis compared with that in healthy controls. Suppressing PHGDH in keratinocytes promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enrichment of psoriatic-related signalling pathways, including the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signalling pathway, interleukin (IL)-17 signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. In particular, PHGDH inhibition markedly promoted the secretion of IL-6 in keratinocytes with or without IL-17A, IL-22, IL-1α, oncostatin M and TNF-α (mix) stimulation. Mechanistically, PHGDH inhibition upregulated the expression of IL-6 by inhibiting SAM-dependent DNA methylation at the promoter and increasing the binding of myocyte enhancer factor 2A. Furthermore, PHGDH inhibition increased the secretion of IL-6 by increasing the activation of NF-κB via SAM inhibition. SAM treatment effectively alleviated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the crucial role of PHGDH in antagonising psoriatic skin inflammation and indicated that targeting serine metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Meng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Leiqing Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhimiao Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yixin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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8
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Xu Y, Liu W, Ren L. Emerging roles and mechanism of m6A methylation in rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116066. [PMID: 38157641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, affecting both articular and extra-articular structures. This condition results in inflammation of joints and synovial membranes, accompanied by the development of systemic comorbidities. Despite extensive research, the precise pathogenic mechanisms responsible for RA have yet to be completely understood. RNA methylation, a burgeoning epigenetic alteration, assumes a pivotal function in the regulation of a myriad of biological phenomena, encompassing immunity, DNA damage response, tumorigenesis, metastasis, stem cell renewal, adipocyte differentiation, circadian rhythms, cellular development and differentiation, and cell division. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most prevalent among the various RNA modifications found in mammalian mRNA. Recent studies have provided evidence of the significant role played by m6A modification in the pathophysiological progression of RA. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the progress made in research focused on m6A modification in the context of RA, consolidate the underlying mechanisms involved in m6A modification during the initiation of RA and discuss the potential of targeting m6A modification as a viable therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Lijie Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China.
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Fryar-Williams S, Tucker G, Strobel J, Huang Y, Clements P. Molecular Mechanism Biomarkers Predict Diagnosis in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis, with Implications for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15845. [PMID: 37958826 PMCID: PMC10650772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic uncertainty and relapse rates in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder are relatively high, indicating the potential involvement of other pathological mechanisms that could serve as diagnostic indicators to be targeted for adjunctive treatment. This study aimed to seek objective evidence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase MTHFR C677T genotype-related bio markers in blood and urine. Vitamin and mineral cofactors related to methylation and indolamine-catecholamine metabolism were investigated. Biomarker status for 67 symptomatically well-defined cases and 67 asymptomatic control participants was determined using receiver operating characteristics, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression. The 5.2%-prevalent MTHFR 677 TT genotype demonstrated a 100% sensitive and specific case-predictive biomarkers of increased riboflavin (vitamin B2) excretion. This was accompanied by low plasma zinc and indicators of a shift from low methylation to high methylation state. The 48.5% prevalent MTHFR 677 CC genotype model demonstrated a low-methylation phenotype with 93% sensitivity and 92% specificity and a negative predictive value of 100%. This model related to lower vitamin cofactors, high histamine, and HPLC urine indicators of lower vitamin B2 and restricted indole-catecholamine metabolism. The 46.3%-prevalent CT genotype achieved high predictive strength for a mixed methylation phenotype. Determination of MTHFR C677T genotype dependent functional biomarker phenotypes can advance diagnostic certainty and inform therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley, SA 5061, Australia
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
- Department of Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Graeme Tucker
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Jörg Strobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Yichao Huang
- Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Clements
- Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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10
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Fryar-Williams S, Strobel J, Clements P. Molecular Mechanisms Provide a Landscape for Biomarker Selection for Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Psychosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15296. [PMID: 37894974 PMCID: PMC10607016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research evaluating the role of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) gene in schizophrenia has not yet provided an extended understanding of the proximal pathways contributing to the 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme's activity and the distal pathways being affected by its activity. This review investigates these pathways, describing mechanisms relevant to riboflavin availability, trace mineral interactions, and the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) product of the MTHFR enzyme. These factors remotely influence vitamin cofactor activation, histamine metabolism, catecholamine metabolism, serotonin metabolism, the oxidative stress response, DNA methylation, and nicotinamide synthesis. These biochemical components form a broad interactive landscape from which candidate markers can be drawn for research inquiry into schizophrenia and other forms of mental illness. Candidate markers drawn from this functional biochemical background have been found to have biomarker status with greater than 90% specificity and sensitivity for achieving diagnostic certainty in schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. This has implications for achieving targeted treatments for serious mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fryar-Williams
- Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley Annexe, Mary Street, Unley, SA 5061, Australia
- Department of Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jörg Strobel
- Department of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Peter Clements
- Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
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11
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Breger K, Kunkler CN, O'Leary NJ, Hulewicz JP, Brown JA. Ghost authors revealed: The structure and function of human N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methyltransferases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 15:e1810. [PMID: 37674370 PMCID: PMC10915109 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the discovery of modified nucleic acids nearly 75 years ago, their biological functions are still being elucidated. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) and has also been detected in non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNA, ribosomal RNA, and small nuclear RNA. In general, m6 A marks can alter RNA secondary structure and initiate unique RNA-protein interactions that can alter splicing, mRNA turnover, and translation, just to name a few. Although m6 A marks in human RNAs have been known to exist since 1974, the structures and functions of methyltransferases responsible for writing m6 A marks have been established only recently. Thus far, there are four confirmed human methyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the N6 position of adenosine, producing m6 A: methyltransferase-like protein (METTL) 3/METTL14 complex, METTL16, METTL5, and zinc-finger CCHC-domain-containing protein 4. Though the methyltransferases have unique RNA targets, all human m6 A RNA methyltransferases contain a Rossmann fold with a conserved SAM-binding pocket, suggesting that they utilize a similar catalytic mechanism for methyl transfer. For each of the human m6 A RNA methyltransferases, we present the biological functions and links to human disease, RNA targets, catalytic and kinetic mechanisms, and macromolecular structures. We also discuss m6 A marks in human viruses and parasites, assigning m6 A marks in the transcriptome to specific methyltransferases, small molecules targeting m6 A methyltransferases, and the enzymes responsible for hypermodified m6 A marks and their biological functions in humans. Understanding m6 A methyltransferases is a critical steppingstone toward establishing the m6 A epitranscriptome and more broadly the RNome. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Breger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Charlotte N Kunkler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan J O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jacob P Hulewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica A Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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12
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Sarkisova KY, Gabova AV, Fedosova EA, Shatskova AB, Narkevich VB, Kudrin VS. Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Effects of L-Methionine in the WAG/Rij Rat Model of Depression Comorbid with Absence Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12425. [PMID: 37569798 PMCID: PMC10419169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a severe and widespread psychiatric disease that often accompanies epilepsy. Antidepressant treatment of depression comorbid with epilepsy is a major concern due to the risk of seizure aggravation. SAMe, a universal methyl donor for DNA methylation and the synthesis of brain monoamines, is known to have high antidepressant activity. This study aimed to find out whether L-methionine (L-MET), a precursor of SAMe, can have antidepressant and/or anxiolytic effects in the WAG/Rij rat model of depression comorbid with absence epilepsy. The results indicate that L-MET reduces the level of anxiety and depression in WAG/Rij rats and suppresses associated epileptic seizures, in contrast to conventional antidepressant imipramine, which aggravates absence seizures. The antidepressant effect of L-MET was comparable with that of the conventional antidepressants imipramine and fluoxetine. However, the antidepressant profile of L-MET was more similar to imipramine than to fluoxetine. Taken together, our findings suggest that L-MET could serve as a promising new antidepressant drug with anxiolytic properties for the treatment of depression comorbid with absence epilepsy. Increases in the level of monoamines and their metabolites-DA, DOPAC, HVA, NA, and MHPG-in several brain structures, is suggested to be a neurochemical mechanism of the beneficial phenotypic effect of L-MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Yu. Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.V.G.); (E.A.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Alexandra V. Gabova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.V.G.); (E.A.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Fedosova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.V.G.); (E.A.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Alla B. Shatskova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova Str. 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia; (A.V.G.); (E.A.F.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Victor B. Narkevich
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Research Institute of Pharmacology named after V.V. Zakusov”, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.B.N.); (V.S.K.)
| | - Vladimir S. Kudrin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Scientific Research Institute of Pharmacology named after V.V. Zakusov”, Baltiyskaya Str. 8, Moscow 125315, Russia; (V.B.N.); (V.S.K.)
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13
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Watkins M, Wang H, Burnim A, Ando N. Conformational switching and flexibility in cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and cryoelectron microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302531120. [PMID: 37339208 PMCID: PMC10293825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302531120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase (MetH) catalyzes the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3-H4folate) using the unique chemistry of its cofactor. In doing so, MetH links the cycling of S-adenosylmethionine with the folate cycle in one-carbon metabolism. Extensive biochemical and structural studies on Escherichia coli MetH have shown that this flexible, multidomain enzyme adopts two major conformations to prevent a futile cycle of methionine production and consumption. However, as MetH is highly dynamic as well as both a photosensitive and oxygen-sensitive metalloenzyme, it poses special challenges for structural studies, and existing structures have necessarily come from a "divide and conquer" approach. In this study, we investigate E. coli MetH and a thermophilic homolog from Thermus filiformis using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), and extensive analysis of the AlphaFold2 database to present a structural description of the full-length MetH in its entirety. Using SAXS, we describe a common resting-state conformation shared by both active and inactive oxidation states of MetH and the roles of CH3-H4folate and flavodoxin in initiating turnover and reactivation. By combining SAXS with a 3.6-Å cryo-EM structure of the T. filiformis MetH, we show that the resting-state conformation consists of a stable arrangement of the catalytic domains that is linked to a highly mobile reactivation domain. Finally, by combining AlphaFold2-guided sequence analysis and our experimental findings, we propose a general model for functional switching in MetH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Haoyue Wang
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Audrey Burnim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Nozomi Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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14
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Lazzarini E, Silvestris DA, Benvenuto G, Osti D, Fattore L, Paterra R, Finocchiaro G, Malatesta P, Daga A, Gallotti AL, Galli R, Pelicci G, Tesei A, Bedeschi M, Pallini R, Pasqualini L, Romualdi C, Gallo A, Ricci-Vitiani L, Indraccolo S. Genome-wide profiling of patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells reveals recurrent genetic and transcriptomic signatures associated with brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:47-59. [PMID: 37140883 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient-derived cancer cell lines can be very useful to investigate genetic as well as epigenetic mechanisms of transformation and to test new drugs. In this multi-centric study, we performed genomic and transcriptomic characterization of a large set of patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) stem-like cells (GSCs). METHODS 94 (80 I surgery/14 II surgery) and 53 (42 I surgery/11 II surgery) GSCs lines underwent whole exome and trascriptome analysis, respectively. RESULTS Exome sequencing revealed TP53 as the main mutated gene (41/94 samples, 44%), followed by PTEN (33/94, 35%), RB1 (16/94, 17%) and NF1 (15/94, 16%), among other genes associated to brain tumors. One GSC sample bearing a BRAF p.V600E mutation showed sensitivity in vitro to a BRAF inhibitor. Gene Ontology and Reactome analysis uncovered several biological processes mostly associated to gliogenesis and glial cell differentiation, S - adenosylmethionine metabolic process, mismatch repair and methylation. Comparison of I and II surgery samples disclosed a similar distribution of mutated genes, with an overrepresentation of mutations in mismatch repair, cell cycle, p53 and methylation pathways in I surgery samples, and of mutations in receptor tyrosine kinase and MAPK signaling pathways in II surgery samples. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of RNA-seq data produced 3 clusters characterized by distinctive sets of up-regulated genes and signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The availability of a large set of fully molecularly characterized GCSs represents a valuable public resource to support the advancement of precision oncology for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Lazzarini
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Alessandro Silvestris
- Unit of Genetics and Epigenetic of Pediatric Cancer, Oncohaematology Department, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Osti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Fattore
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosina Paterra
- SC Neurologia 2- Neuroncologia- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Finocchiaro
- SC Neurologia 2- Neuroncologia- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto L Gallotti
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Galli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pasqualini
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angela Gallo
- Unit of Genetics and Epigenetic of Pediatric Cancer, Oncohaematology Department, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Indraccolo
- Basic and Translational Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV - IRCCS, via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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15
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Arutjunyan AV, Milyutina YP, Shcherbitskaia AD, Kerkeshko GO, Zalozniaia IV. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in the Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Functional State of Placenta and Nervous System Plasticity in the Offspring. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:435-456. [PMID: 37080931 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
According to modern view, susceptibility to diseases, specifically to cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, can form during embryonic development. Adverse factors affecting mother during the pregnancy increase the risk of developing pathologies. Despite the association between elevated maternal blood homocysteine (Hcy) and fetal brain impairments, as well as cognitive deficits in the offspring, the role of brain plasticity in the development of these pathologies remains poorly studied. Here, we review the data on the negative impact of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on the neural plasticity, in particular, its possible influence on the offspring brain plasticity through epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes in intracellular methylation potential, activity of DNA methyltransferases, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression in brain cells. Since placenta plays a key role in the transport of nutrients and transmission of signals from mother to fetus, its dysfunction due to aberrant epigenetic regulation can affect the development of fetal CNS. The review also presents the data on the impact of maternal HHcy on the epigenetic regulation in the placenta. The data presented in the review are not only interesting from purely scientific point of view, but can help in understanding the role of HHcy and epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as pregnancy pathologies resulting in the delayed development of fetal brain, cognitive impairments in the offspring during childhood, and neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders later in life, as well as in the search for approaches for their prevention using neuroprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Arutjunyan
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Yulia P Milyutina
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Shcherbitskaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Gleb O Kerkeshko
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Irina V Zalozniaia
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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16
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Johnson AA, Cuellar TL. Glycine and aging: Evidence and mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101922. [PMID: 37004845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The restriction of calories, branched-chain amino acids, and methionine have all been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms. Recently, glycine was shown to significantly boost longevity in genetically heterogenous mice. This simple amino acid similarly extends lifespan in rats and improves health in mammalian models of age-related disease. While compelling data indicate that glycine is a pro-longevity molecule, divergent mechanisms may underlie its effects on aging. Glycine is abundant in collagen, a building block for glutathione, a precursor to creatine, and an acceptor for the enzyme Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). A review of the literature strongly implicates GNMT, which clears methionine from the body by taking a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine and methylating glycine to form sarcosine. In flies, Gnmt is required for reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling and caloric restriction to fully extend lifespan. The geroprotector spermidine requires Gnmt to upregulate autophagy genes and boost longevity. Moreover, the overexpression of Gnmt is sufficient to extend lifespan and reduce methionine levels. Sarcosine, or methylglycine, declines with age in multiple species and is capable of inducing autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Taken all together, existing evidence suggests that glycine prolongs life by mimicking methionine restriction and activating autophagy.
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17
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Sales AJ, Maciel IS, Crestani CC, Guimarães FS, Joca SR. S-adenosyl-l-methionine antidepressant-like effects involve activation of 5-HT 1A receptors. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105442. [PMID: 36402294 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe), a methyl donor, induces antidepressant effects in preclinical and clinical studies of depression. However, the mechanisms behind these effects have been poorly investigated. Since SAMe is involved in monoamine metabolism, this work aimed at 1) testing the effects induced by systemic treatment with SAMe in mice submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST); 2) investigating the involvement of serotonergic neurotransmission in the behavioral effects induced by SAMe. To do that, male Swiss mice received systemic injections (1 injection/day, 1 or 7 days) of imipramine (30 mg/kg), L-methionine (400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg), SAMe (10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), or vehicle (10 ml/kg) and were submitted to the FST or TST, 30 min after the last injection. The effect of SAMe (50 mg/kg) was further investigated in independent groups of male Swiss mice pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, serotonin synthesis inhibitor, 150 mg/kg daily, 4 days) or with WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 0.1 mg/kg, 1 injection). One independent group was submitted to the FST and euthanized immediately after for collection of brain samples for neurochemical analyses. Serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were measured in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, to investigate if the treatments used could induce any significant exploratory/motor effect which would interfere with the FST results, the animals were also submitted to the open field test (OFT). The administration of imipramine (30 mg/kg), L-methionine (400, 800, 1600, and 3200 mg/kg), and SAMe (10 and 50 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FST, an effect blocked by pretreatment with PCPA and WAY100635. None of the treatments increased the locomotion in the OFT. In conclusion, our results suggest that the antidepressant-like effects induced by SAMe treatment are dependent on serotonin synthesis and 5-HT1A receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
| | - Izaque S Maciel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia Rl Joca
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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18
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Becquet P, Vazquez-Anon M, Mercier Y, Wedekind K, Mahmood T, Batonon-Alavo D, Yan F. A systematic review of metabolism of methionine sources in animals: One parameter does not convey a comprehensive story. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:31-49. [PMID: 37009071 PMCID: PMC10060178 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this review article, based on a systematic literature search, is to critically assess the state of knowledge and experimental methodologies used to delineate the conversion and metabolism of the 2 methionine (Met) sources DL-methionine (DL-Met) and DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMTBa). The difference in the chemical structures of HMTBa and DL-Met indicates that these molecules are absorbed and metabolized differently in animals. This review explores the methodologies used to describe the 2-step enzymatic conversion of the 3 enantiomers (D-HMTBa, L-HMTBa and D-Met) to L-Met, as well as the site of conversion at the organ and tissue levels. Extensive work was published documenting the conversion of HMTBa and D-Met into L-Met and, consequently, the incorporation into protein using a variety of in vitro techniques, such as tissue homogenates, cell lines, primary cell lines, and everted gut sacs of individual tissues. These studies illustrated the role of the liver, kidney, and intestine in the conversion of Met precursors into L-Met. A combination of in vivo studies using stable isotopes and infusions provided evidence of the wide conversion of HMTBa to L-Met by all tissues and how some tissues are net users of HMTBa, whereas others are net secreters of L-Met derived from HMTBa. Conversion of D-Met to L-Met in organs other than the liver and kidney is poorly documented. The methodology cited in the literature to determine conversion efficiency ranged from measurements of urinary, fecal, and respiratory excretion to plasma concentration and tissue incorporation of isotopes after intraperitoneal and oral infusions. Differences observed between these methodologies reflect differences in the metabolism of Met sources rather than differences in conversion efficiency. The factors affecting conversion efficiency are explored in this paper and are mostly associated with extreme dietary conditions, such as noncommercial crystalline diets that are very deficient in total sulfur amino acids with respect to requirements. Implications in the diversion of the 2 Met sources toward transsulfuration over transmethylation pathways are discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of some methodologies used are discussed in this review. From this review, it can be concluded that due to the inherent differences in conversion and metabolism of the 2 Met sources, the experimental methodologies (e.g., selecting different organs at different time points or using diets severely deficient in Met and cysteine) can impact the conclusions of the study and may explain the apparent divergences of conclusion found in the literature. It is recommended when conducting studies or reviewing the literature to properly select the experimental models that allow for differences in how the 2 Met precursors are converted to L-Met and metabolized by the animal to enable a proper comparison of their bioefficacy.
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19
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Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The impact of early-life environment on absence epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:436-468. [PMID: 36386598 PMCID: PMC9649966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the long-term effects of early-life environment on epileptogenesis, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities with an emphasis on the absence epilepsy. The WAG/Rij rat strain is a well-validated genetic model of absence epilepsy with mild depression-like (dysthymia) comorbidity. Although pathologic phenotype in WAG/Rij rats is genetically determined, convincing evidence presented in this review suggests that the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity in WAG/Rij rats may be governed by early-life events, such as prenatal drug exposure, early-life stress, neonatal maternal separation, neonatal handling, maternal care, environmental enrichment, neonatal sensory impairments, neonatal tactile stimulation, and maternal diet. The data, as presented here, indicate that some early environmental events can promote and accelerate the development of absence seizures and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities, while others may exert anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effects. The early environment can lead to phenotypic alterations in offspring due to epigenetic modifications of gene expression, which may have maladaptive consequences or represent a therapeutic value. Targeting DNA methylation with a maternal methyl-enriched diet during the perinatal period appears to be a new preventive epigenetic anti-absence therapy. A number of caveats related to the maternal methyl-enriched diet and prospects for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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20
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Chen C, Zhou XH, Cheng W, Peng YF, Yu QM, Tan XD. Identification of novel inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase via structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2022; 28:336. [PMID: 36180796 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) is an important regulator in the methylation reactions in many organisms and thus is crucial for numerous cellular functions. In recent years, SAHase has become one of the popular targets for drug design, and SAHase inhibitors have exhibited potent antiviral activity. In this study, we established the complex-based pharmacophore models based on the known crystal complex of SAHase (PDB ID: 1A7A) to screen the drug-likeness compounds of ChEMBL database. Then, three molecular docking programs were used to validate the reliability of compounds, involving Libdock, CDOCKER, and AutoDock Vina programs. The four promising hit compounds (CHEMBL420751, CHEMBL346387, CHEMBL1569958, and CHEMBL4206648) were performed molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA calculations to evaluate their stability and binding-free energy in the binding site of SAHase. After screening and analyzing, the hit compounds CHEMBL420751 and CHEMBL346387 were suggested to further research to obtain novel potential SAHase inhibitors. A series of computer-aided drug design methods, including pharmacophore, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA calculations, were employed in this study to identity novel inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase). Some compounds from virtual screening could form various interactions with key residues of SAHase. Among them, compounds CHEMBL346387 and CHEMBL420751 exhibited potent binding affinity from molecular docking and MM-PBSA, and maintained good stability at the binding site during molecular dynamics simulations as well. All these results indicated that the selected compounds might have the potential to be novel SAHase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Wa Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yan-Fen Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Qi-Ming Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
| | - Xiang-Duan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
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21
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Lv YB, Chen C, Yu QM, Lyu L, Peng YF, Tan XD. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pentanediamide derivatives as S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128880. [PMID: 35809817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pentanediamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHase) inhibitors in this study. Some compounds showed good inhibitory activity against SAHase. The optimal compound 7i showed good inhibitory activity against SAHase with IC50 value of 3.58 ± 0.19 μM, cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 13.16 ± 1.44 to 21.23 ± 0.73 μM against four tumor cell lines (MCF-7, A549, MGC-803, Hela) and very weak cytotoxicity (IC50 = 84.22 ± 1.89 μM) on normal LO2 cells. In addition, compound 7i showed potency against respiratory syncytial virus with EC50 value of 27.4 μM and selectivity index of 6.84. Further molecular simulation study suggested that compound 7i had good ADMET properties, and strongly binds to the active site of SAHase. In summary, compound 7i could serve as a new lead compound for further screening novel non-adenosine SAHase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; The First People's Hospital of Fangchenggang, Fangchenggang 538021, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Qi-Ming Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yan-Fen Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
| | - Xiang-Duan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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22
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Ma Q, Gao F, Zhou L, Fan Y, Zhao B, Xi W, Wang C, Zhu F, Ma X, Wang W, Wang Y. Characterizing serum amino acids in schizophrenic patients: Correlations with gut microbes. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 153:125-133. [PMID: 35810602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid abnormalities have been suggested to be a key pathophysiological mechanism in schizophrenia (SZ). Recently, gut microbes were found to be critically involved in mental and metabolic diseases. However, the relationship between serum amino acid levels and gut microbes in SZ is rarely studied. Here, we analyzed serum amino acid levels in 76 untreated SZ patients and 79 healthy controls (HC). Serum levels of 10 amino acids were significantly altered in patients with SZ. We further classified the cut-off values for serum arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine levels to distinguish SZ patients from controls. These classifiers were shown to be effective in another validation cohort (49 SZ and 48 HC). The correlation between serum amino acids and clinical symptoms and cognitive functions was also analyzed. Arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine levels were significantly correlated with clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments in SZ patients. By metagenome shotgun sequencing of fecal samples, we found that patients with SZ with a low level of serum amino acids have higher richness and evenness of the gut microbiota. At the genus level, the abundances of Mitsuokella and Oscillibacter are significantly abnormal. At the mOTU level, 15 mOTUs in the low-level SZ group were significantly different from the HC group. In addition, Mitsuokella multacida was correlated with glutamine and methionine, respectively. Our research revealed that alterations in serum amino acid levels are critically related to changes in gut microbiota composition in SZ patients. These findings may shed light on new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Fengjie Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yajuan Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenyu Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chuyao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiancang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Clinical Research Center for Psychiatric Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Gharibpoor F, Ghavidel-Parsa B, Sattari N, Bidari A, Nejatifar F, Montazeri A. Effect of vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of fibromyalgia patients; a prospective pre-post study. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:51. [PMID: 36045399 PMCID: PMC9434892 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) as a prototypical nociplastic pain condition displays a difficult therapeutic situation in many cases. Given the promising data on the effect of vitamin B12 in improving pain and cognitive functions in various nociplastic pain conditions, we aimed to determine the efficacy of 1000 mcg daily dose of oral vitamin B12 on the symptom severity and psychological profile of FM patients. METHODS This open-label, pre-post study was performed on FM patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by a rheumatologist based on the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Patients were instructed to take a daily dose of 1000mcg vitamin B12 for fifty days. Outcome measures including the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 12-item Short-Form health survey (SF-12), and pain Visual Analog Scale (pain-VAS) were fulfilled by patients before and after the treatment. RESULTS Of 30 eligible patients, 28 patients completed the study protocol. Patients were female with a mean age of 47.50 ± 8.47 years. FIQR scores in all domains improved significantly after treatment (total FIQR: 49.8 ± 21.86 vs 40.00 ± 18.36, p value < 0.01; function: 13.17 ± 7.33 vs 10.30 ± 5.84, p value: 0.01; overall: 10.32 ± 6.22 vs 8.25 ± 6.22, p value: 0.03; symptoms: 26.30 ± 10.39 vs 21.44 ± 8.58, p value < 0.01). Vitamin B12 also improved anxiety scores from 9.33 ± 4.30 to 7.70 ± 3.60, p value: 0.01. Depression, pain-VAS, and SF-12 didn't improve following the treatment. The Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed the improvement in total FIQR score is not cofounded by the improvement of anxiety and patients' baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a short course of sublingual vitamin B12, 1000 mcg daily, significantly improves the severity of FM and anxiety score. We postulate that vitamin B12 has a strong potential to consider, at least, as adjunctive therapy of FM. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences (IR.GUMS.REC.1400.197) in accordance with the World Medical Association's code of ethics (Declaration of Helsinki, revised in Brazil 2013), and registered at an ICMJE and WHO recognized registry of clinical trials ( www.irct.ir ) on 28/08/2021 (registration number: IRCT20200920048782N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Gharibpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Ghavidel-Parsa
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Science, Sardar Jangal St, Rasht, 41448-95655, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Nazila Sattari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Bidari
- Department of Rheumatology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nejatifar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Ullah H, Khan A, Rengasamy KRR, Di Minno A, Sacchi R, Daglia M. The Efficacy of S-Adenosyl Methionine and Probiotic Supplementation on Depression: A Synergistic Approach. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132751. [PMID: 35807931 PMCID: PMC9268496 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious health issue affecting around 280 million people around the world. Suicidal ideation more frequently occurs in people with moderate to severe depression. Psychotherapy and pharmacological drugs are the mainstay of available treatment options for depressive disorders. However, pharmacological options do not offer complete cure, especially in moderate to severe depression, and are often seen with a range of adverse events. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) supplementation has been widely studied, and an impressive collection of literature published over the last few decades suggests its antidepressant efficacy. Probiotics have gained significant attention due to their wide array of clinical uses, and multiple studies have explored the link between probiotic species and mood disorders. Gut dysbiosis is one of the risk factors in depression by inducing systemic inflammation accompanied by an imbalance in neurotransmitter production. Thus, concomitant administration of probiotics may be an effective treatment strategy in patients with depressed mood, particularly in resistant cases, as these can aid in dysbiosis, possibly resulting in the attenuation of systemic inflammatory processes and the improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of SAMe. The current review highlights the therapeutic roles of SAMe and probiotics in depression, their mechanistic targets, and their possible synergistic effects and may help in the development of food supplements consisting of a combination of SAMe and probiotics with new dosage forms that may improve their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Nowshera, Nowshera 24110, Pakistan;
| | - Kannan R. R. Rengasamy
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India;
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacchi
- Applied Statistic Unit, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 24, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (H.U.); (A.D.M.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678644
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Ibrahim KG, Adeshina KA, Bello MB, Malami I, Abubakar B, Abubakar MB, Imam MU. Prophylactic Use of Natural Products against Developmentally Programmed Metabolic Syndrome. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:650-663. [PMID: 34000739 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parental dietary choices and/or nutritional interventions in the offspring are critical to early life development, especially during the periods of active developmental plasticity in the offspring. Exposure to a high-fructose, high-fat diet during the fetal or neonatal period predisposes the affected individuals to the development of one or more features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and associated cardiovascular diseases, later in their life. Owing to the increasing global prevalence of metabolic syndrome and multiple side effects that accompany conventional medicines, much attention is directed towards medicinal plants and phytochemicals as alternative interventions. Several studies have investigated the potential of natural agents to prevent programmed metabolic syndrome. This present review, therefore, highlights an inextricable relationship between the administration of medicinal plants or phytochemicals during the intrauterine or neonatal period, and the prevention of metabolic dysfunction in adulthood, while exploring the mechanisms by which they exert such an effect. The review also identifies plant products as a novel approach to the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Ahmad Adeshina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bilyaminu Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Jiao Z, Lu Z, Peng Y, Xu C, Lou Y, Wang G, Aa J, Zhang Y. A quantitative metabolomics assay targeting 14 intracellular metabolites associated with the methionine transsulfuration pathway using LC–MS/MS in breast cancer cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1205:123314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Blaconà G, Raso R, Castellani S, Pierandrei S, Del Porto P, Ferraguti G, Ascenzioni F, Conese M, Lucarelli M. Downregulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in cystic fibrosis cells by epigenetic targeting. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:257. [PMID: 35462606 PMCID: PMC9035428 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of cystic fibrosis (CF) includes the functional interaction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein with the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The reduction of ENaC activity may constitute a therapeutic option for CF. This hypothesis was evaluated using drugs that target the protease-dependent activation of the ENaC channel and the transcriptional activity of its coding genes. To this aim we used: camostat, a protease inhibitor; S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), showed to induce DNA hypermethylation; curcumin, known to produce chromatin condensation. SAM and camostat are drugs already clinically used in other pathologies, while curcumin is a common dietary compound. The experimental systems used were CF and non-CF immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines as well as human bronchial primary epithelial cells. ENaC activity and SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G gene expression were analyzed, in addition to SCNN1B promoter methylation. In both immortalized and primary cells, the inhibition of extracellular peptidases and the epigenetic manipulations reduced ENaC activity. Notably, the reduction in primary cells was much more effective. The SCNN1B appeared to be the best target to reduce ENaC activity, in respect to SCNN1A and SCNN1G. Indeed, SAM treatment resulted to be effective in inducing hypermethylation of SCNN1B gene promoter and in lowering its expression. Importantly, CFTR expression was unaffected, or even upregulated, after treatments. These results open the possibility of CF patients’ treatment by epigenetic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Blaconà
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Raso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pierandrei
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorentina Ascenzioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Kure A, Tsukimi T, Ishii C, Aw W, Obana N, Nakato G, Hirayama A, Kawano H, China T, Shimizu F, Nagata M, Isotani S, Muto S, Horie S, Fukuda S. Gut environment changes due to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022:10.1038/s41391-022-00536-3. [PMID: 35418210 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that by 2040 there will be 1,017,712 new cases of prostate cancer worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is widely used as a treatment option for all disease stages. ADT, and the resulting decline in androgen levels, may indirectly affect gut microbiota. Factors affecting gut microbiota are wide-ranging; however, literature is scarce on the effects of ADT on gut microbiota and metabolome profiles in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS To study the changes of gut microbiome by ADT, this 24-week observational study investigated the relationship between testosterone levels and changes in gut microbiota in Japanese patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT. Sequential faecal samples were collected 1 and 2 weeks before ADT, and 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after ADT. Blood samples were collected at almost the same times. Bacterial 16 S rRNA gene-based microbiome analyses and capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolome analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 23 patients completed the study. The α- and ß-diversity of gut microbiota decreased significantly at 24 weeks after ADT (p = 0.017, p < 0.001, respectively). Relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, Pseudomonas, and concentrations of urea, lactate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate and S-adenosylmethionine changed significantly after ADT (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of Proteobacteria, a known indicator of dysbiosis, and the concentration of lactate (R = 0.49, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The decline in testosterone levels resulted in detrimental changes in gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to an increase in frailty and an increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Kure
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Transborder Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoya Tsukimi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Programme, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ishii
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Programme, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Wanping Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Programme, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Nozomu Obana
- Transborder Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Gaku Nakato
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Centre (LiSE) 4th floor Room 4C-6, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Systems Biology Programme, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan
| | - Haruna Kawano
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki China
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagata
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinji Isotani
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoru Muto
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan. .,Transborder Medical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Systems Biology Programme, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan. .,Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Centre (LiSE) 4th floor Room 4C-6, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
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DNMT3B System Dysregulation Contributes to the Hypomethylated State in Ischaemic Human Hearts. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040866. [PMID: 35453616 PMCID: PMC9029641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A controversial understanding of the state of the DNA methylation machinery exists in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Moreover, its relationship to other epigenetic alterations is incomplete. Therefore, we carried out an in-depth study of the DNA methylation process in human cardiac tissue. We showed a dysregulation of the DNA methylation machinery accordingly with the genome-wide hypomethylation that we observed: specifically, an overexpression of main genes involved in the elimination of methyl groups (TET1, SMUG1), and underexpression of molecules implicated in the maintenance of methylation (MBD2, UHRF1). By contrast, we found DNMT3B upregulation, a key molecule in the addition of methyl residues in DNA, and an underexpression of miR-133a-3p, an inhibitor of DNMT3B transcription. However, we found many relevant alterations that would counteract the upregulation observed, such as the overexpression of TRAF6, responsible for Dnmt3b degradation. Furthermore, we showed that molecules regulating Dnmts activity were altered; specifically, SAM/SAH ratio reduction. All these results are in concordance with the Dnmts normal function that we show. Our analysis revealed genome-wide hypomethylation along with dysregulation in the mechanisms of addition, elimination and maintenance of methyl groups in the DNA of ICM. We describe relevant alterations in the DNMT3B system, which promote a normal Dnmt3b function despite its upregulation.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Showed Accumulation of One-Carbon Metabolites to Facilitate DNA Methylation during Extracellular Matrix Detachment of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030267. [PMID: 35323710 PMCID: PMC8951017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells detached from the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergo anoikis resistance and metabolic reprogramming to facilitate cancer cell survival and promote metastasis. During ECM detachment, cancer cells utilize genomic methylation to regulate transcriptional events. One-carbon (1C) metabolism is a well-known contributor of SAM, a global substrate for methylation reactions, especially DNA methylation. DNA methylation-mediated repression of NK cell ligands MICA and MICB during ECM detachment has been overlooked. In the current work, we quantitated the impact of ECM detachment on one-carbon metabolites, expression of 1C regulatory pathway genes, and total methylation levels. Our results showed that ECM detachment promotes the accumulation of one-carbon metabolites and induces regulatory pathway genes and total DNA methylation. Furthermore, we measured the expression of well-known targets of DNA methylation in NK cell ligands in cancer cells, namely, MICA/B, during ECM detachment and observed low expression compared to ECM-attached cancer cells. Finally, we treated the ECM-detached cancer cells with vitamin C (a global methylation inhibitor) and observed a reduction in the promoter methylation of NK cell ligands, resulting in MICA/B re-expression. Treatment with vitamin C was also found to reduce global DNA methylation levels in ECM-detached cancer cells.
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Schmidt T. S-Adenosylmethionine affects ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathway in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4805-4817. [PMID: 35303200 PMCID: PMC9262802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The most critical point in the treatment of prostate cancer is the progression towards a hormone-refractory tumour, making research on alternative therapies necessary. This study focused on the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), which is known to act as an antitumourigenic in several cancer cell lines. Though a genome-wide downregulation of proto-oncogenes in prostate cancer cell lines treated with SAM is obvious, the anticancer effects remain elusive. Thus, in this study, the impact of SAM treatment on the cell cycle, apoptosis and cancer-related pathways was investigated. Methods and results After performing SAM treatment on prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU145), a cell-cycle arrest during the S-phase, a downregulation of cyclin A protein levels and an upregulation of p21 cell cycle inhibitor were observed. The proapoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the caspase-3 activity were elevated; additionally, the apoptosis rate of SAM treated cells increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, immunoblots displayed a downregulation of Erk1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation accompanied by a reduced expression of the STAT3 protein. Conclusion SAM caused changes in cancer-related pathways, probably leading to the effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis rate. These results provide deeper insights into the anticancer effects of SAM on prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58448, Witten, Germany. .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, CBTM, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 7-11, Mannheim, Germany.
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The Problem of Malnutrition Associated with Major Depressive Disorder from a Sex-Gender Perspective. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051107. [PMID: 35268082 PMCID: PMC8912662 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an incapacitating condition characterized by loss of interest, anhedonia and low mood, which affects almost 4% of people worldwide. With rising prevalence, it is considered a public health issue that affects economic productivity and heavily increases health costs alone or as a comorbidity for other pandemic non-communicable diseases (such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, etc.). What is even more noteworthy is the double number of women suffering from MDD compared to men. In fact, this sex-related ratio has been contemplated since men and women have different sexual hormone oscillations, where women meet significant changes depending on the age range and moment of life (menstruation, premenstruation, pregnancy, postpartum, menopause…), which seem to be associated with susceptibility to depressive symptoms. For instance, a decreased estrogen level promotes decreased activation of serotonin transporters. Nevertheless, sexual hormones are not the only triggers that alter neurotransmission of monoamines and other neuropeptides. Actually, different dietary habits and/or nutritional requirements for specific moments of life severely affect MDD pathophysiology in women. In this context, the present review aims to descriptively collect information regarding the role of malnutrition in MDD onset and course, focusing on female patient and especially macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (amino acids, ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs), folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, minerals…), besides providing evidence for future nutritional intervention programs with a sex-gender perspective that hopefully improves mental health and quality of life in women.
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S-Adenosylmethionine, a Promising Antitumor Agent in Oral and Laryngeal Cancer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), which includes cancers of the oral cavity and larynx, is one of the most common and highly aggressive malignancies worldwide, despite significant efforts committed in recent decades in its detection, prevention, and treatment. The intrinsic or acquired drug resistance during treatment is the main limitation to chemotherapy, increasing mortality and cancer recurrence. Therefore, there is a growing scientific interest in identifying and developing adjuvant chemotherapies able to improve currently available treatments. S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), a safe and nontoxic natural cofactor with pleiotropic effects on multiple cellular processes and the main biological methyl donor in transmethylation reactions, has been considerably studied as a therapeutic compound. Its application, alone or in combination with other drugs, is emerging as a potentially effective strategy for cancer treatment and for chemoprevention. This review summarizes the structural, pharmacological, and clinical aspects of AdoMet and provides an overview of the recent results highlighting its anticancer activity in the treatment of oral and laryngeal cancer, with particular emphasis on its molecular mechanisms and the promising chemoprotective and synergistic effects exerted in combination with cisplatin and specific microRNAs.
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Metabolic modeling of host-microbe interactions for therapeutics in colorectal cancer. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35046399 PMCID: PMC8770697 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) is often attributed to gut bacterial dysbiosis, and thus gut microbiota are highly relevant in devising treatment strategies. Certain gut microbes, like Enterococcus spp., exhibit remarkable anti-neoplastic and probiotic properties, which can aid in silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based CRC treatment. However, the effects of AgNPs on gut microbial metabolism have not been reported thus far. In this study, a detailed systems-level understanding of ROS metabolism in Enterococcus durans (E. durans), a representative gut microbe, was gained using constraint-based modeling, wherein, the critical association between ROS and folate metabolism was established. Experimental studies involving low AgNP concentration treatment of E. durans cultures confirmed these modeling predictions (an increased extracellular folate concentration by 52%, at the 9th h of microbial growth, was observed). Besides, the computational studies established various metabolic pathways involving amino acids, energy metabolites, nucleotides, and SCFAs as the key players in elevating folate levels on ROS exposure. The anti-cancer potential of E. durans was also studied through MTT analysis of HCT 116 cells treated with microbial culture (AgNP treated) supernatant. A decrease in cell viability by 19% implicated the role of microbial metabolites (primarily folate) in causing cell death. The genome-scale modeling approach was then extended to extensively model CRC metabolism, as well as CRC-E. durans interactions in the context of CRC treatment, using tissue-specific metabolic models of CRC and healthy colon. These findings on further validation can facilitate the development of robust and effective cancer therapy.
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Prochazkova P, Roubalova R, Dvorak J, Kreisinger J, Hill M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Tomasova P, Pelantova H, Cermakova M, Kuzma M, Bulant J, Bilej M, Smitka K, Lambertova A, Holanova P, Papezova H. The intestinal microbiota and metabolites in patients with anorexia nervosa. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-25. [PMID: 33779487 PMCID: PMC8018350 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1902771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-gut microbiota interactions are intensively studied in connection with various neurological and psychiatric diseases. While anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is not entirely clear, it is presumably linked to microbiome dysbiosis. We aimed to elucidate the gut microbiota contribution in AN disease pathophysiology. We analyzed the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome of patients with AN (bacteriome and mycobiome) from stool samples before and after renourishment, and compared them to healthy controls. Further, levels of assorted neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were analyzed in stool samples by MS and NMR, respectively. Biochemical, anthropometric, and psychometric profiles were assessed. The bacterial alpha-diversity parameter analyses revealed only increased Chao 1 index in patients with AN before the realimentation, reflecting their interindividual variation. Subsequently, core microbiota depletion signs were observed in patients with AN. Overrepresented OTUs (operation taxonomic units) in patients with AN taxonomically belonged to Alistipes, Clostridiales, Christensenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Underrepresented OTUs in patients with AN were Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lachnospira. Patients exhibited greater interindividual variation in the gut bacteriome, as well as in metagenome content compared to controls, suggesting altered bacteriome functions. Patients had decreased levels of serotonin, GABA, dopamine, butyrate, and acetate in their stool samples compared to controls. Mycobiome analysis did not reveal significant differences in alpha diversity and fungal profile composition between patients with AN and healthy controls, nor any correlation of the fungal composition with the bacterial profile. Our results show the changed profile of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in patients with severe AN. Although therapeutic partial renourishment led to increased body mass index and improved psychometric parameters, SCFA, and neurotransmitter profiles, as well as microbial community compositions, did not change substantially during the hospitalization period, which can be potentially caused by only partial weight recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,CONTACT Petra Prochazkova Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 4, Prague14220, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteohormones, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Tomasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic,4th Medical Department, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantova
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Cermakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bulant
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic,Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kvido Smitka
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic,First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lambertova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Holanova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2178-2197. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE, Caccamese S. S-Adenosylmethionine May Mitigate Obstructive Sleep Apnea in an Adult with Down Syndrome: A Case Report. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:175-178. [PMID: 35153519 PMCID: PMC8824288 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s350350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). These patients are characterized by reduced levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) due to a depression of mitochondrial methylation capacity, and its implementation may improve cognitive performance. Based on the above, it is likely a beneficial effect in the treatment with SAMe also on the quality of the sleep. We report the case of an adult male with DS who received benefit of SAMe administration during OSA treatment with CPAP. We observed a significant improvement of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), which has never been previously reported in Down individuals. AHI dropped from 51.2 to 17.2 from 0 to 49 months.
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Allison J, Kaliszewska A, Uceda S, Reiriz M, Arias N. Targeting DNA Methylation in the Adult Brain through Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113979. [PMID: 34836233 PMCID: PMC8618930 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and nutrition have a significant role in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which can influence gene expression. Recently, it has been suggested that bioactive nutrients and gut microbiota can alter DNA methylation in the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis, playing a crucial role in modulating CNS functions and, finally, behavior. Here, we will focus on the effect of metabolic signals in shaping brain DNA methylation during adulthood. We will provide an overview of potential interactions among diet, gastrointestinal microbiome and epigenetic alterations on brain methylation and behavior. In addition, the impact of different diet challenges on cytosine methylation dynamics in the adult brain will be discussed. Finally, we will explore new ways to modulate DNA hydroxymethylation, which is particularly abundant in neural tissue, through diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Allison
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Kaliszewska
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK; (J.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuel Reiriz
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
| | - Natalia Arias
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain; (S.U.); (M.R.)
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-452-1101
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Nieraad H, Pannwitz N, de Bruin N, Geisslinger G, Till U. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Metabolic Role and Animal Studies with a Focus on Cognitive Performance and Decline-A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1546. [PMID: 34680179 PMCID: PMC8533891 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the one-carbon metabolism are often indicated by altered levels of the endogenous amino acid homocysteine (HCys), which is additionally discussed to causally contribute to diverse pathologies. In the first part of the present review, we profoundly and critically discuss the metabolic role and pathomechanisms of HCys, as well as its potential impact on different human disorders. The use of adequate animal models can aid in unravelling the complex pathological processes underlying the role of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Therefore, in the second part, we systematically searched PubMed/Medline for animal studies regarding HHCys and focused on the potential impact on cognitive performance and decline. The majority of reviewed studies reported a significant effect of HHCys on the investigated behavioral outcomes. Despite of persistent controversial discussions about equivocal findings, especially in clinical studies, the present evaluation of preclinical evidence indicates a causal link between HHCys and cognition-related- especially dementia-like disorders, and points out the further urge for large-scale, well-designed clinical studies in order to elucidate the normalization of HCys levels as a potential preventative or therapeutic approach in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nieraad
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Nina Pannwitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.P.); (N.d.B.); (G.G.)
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uwe Till
- Former Institute of Pathobiochemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Saif I, Bouziyane A, Benhessou M, Karroumi ME, Ennaji MM. Detection of hypermethylation BRCA1/2 gene promoter in breast tumours among Moroccan women. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7147-7152. [PMID: 34591267 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promoter region is a key element of gene expression regulation. In mammals, most of the genes present, at the level of their promoter, a large number of islands CpG. Age also is seen as another factor for developing breast cell cancer reaching the tumour stage. AIM This study aimed to explore the hypermethylation of the BRCA1/2 promoter gene in women breast cancer and correlation with age and tumour stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty biopsies were derived from Moroccan women treated for breast carcinoma, the DNA extracted was treated by bisulphite and the targeted BRCA1/2 Amplicons were amplified by specific methylation primers (MSP). RESULTS The result shows that 62% of the samples were BRCA1 methylated in addition and negative result for BRCA2, these positive epigenetic factor were remarkable in women over 47 years and at the stage of malignant tumour. CONCLUSION These results show that half of the methylated samples are positive with a majority of over 47 years old, and confirms that age might be an additional factor for breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Saif
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Technics-Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Po Box 146, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Amal Bouziyane
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Technics-Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Po Box 146, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Department of Gynecological Obstetrics, University Mohamed VI of Health Sciences of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Benhessou
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Technics-Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Po Box 146, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Department of Gynecological Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Casablanca, Hospital University Center (CHU) Ibn Rochd Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Karroumi
- Department of Gynecological Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Casablanca, Hospital University Center (CHU) Ibn Rochd Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Technics-Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Po Box 146, Mohammedia, Morocco.
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Perinatal Acetaminophen Exposure and Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Exploring the Role of Umbilical Cord Plasma Metabolites in Oxidative Stress Pathways. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101302. [PMID: 34679367 PMCID: PMC8533963 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress mechanisms may explain associations between perinatal acetaminophen exposure and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether the changes in umbilical cord plasma amino acids needed to synthesize the antioxidant glutathione and in the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine may explain the association between cord plasma acetaminophen and ADHD in the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC). Mother–child dyads were followed at the Boston Medical Center between 1998 and 2018. Cord plasma analytes were measured from archived samples collected at birth. Physician diagnoses of childhood ADHD were obtained from medical records. The final sample consisted of 568 participants (child mean age [SD]: 9.3 [3.5] years, 315 (52.8%) male, 248 (43.7%) ADHD, 320 (56.3%) neurotypical development). Cord unmetabolized acetaminophen was positively correlated with methionine (R = 0.33, p < 0.001), serine (R = 0.30, p < 0.001), glycine (R = 0.34, p < 0.001), and glutamate (R = 0.16, p < 0.001). Children with cord acetaminophen levels >50th percentile appeared to have higher risk of ADHD for each increase in cord 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine level. Adjusting for covariates, increasing cord methionine, glycine, serine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine were associated with significantly higher odds for childhood ADHD. Cord methionine statistically mediated 22.1% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.167, SE = 0.071, p = 0.019) and glycine mediated 22.0% (natural indirect effect logOR = 0.166, SE = 0.078, p = 0.032) of the association between cord acetaminophen >50th percentile with ADHD. Our findings provide some clues, but additional investigation into oxidative stress pathways and the association of acetaminophen exposure and childhood ADHD is warranted.
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Exploring the Role of Nutraceuticals in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Rationale, State of the Art and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080821. [PMID: 34451918 PMCID: PMC8399392 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and common disorder, with many factors involved in its onset and development. The clinical management of this condition is frequently based on the use of some pharmacological antidepressant agents, together with psychotherapy and other alternatives in most severe cases. However, an important percentage of depressed patients fail to respond to the use of conventional therapies. This has created the urgency of finding novel approaches to help in the clinical management of those individuals. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds contained in food with proven benefits either in health promotion or disease prevention and therapy. A growing interest and economical sources are being placed in the development and understanding of multiple nutraceutical products. Here, we summarize some of the most relevant nutraceutical agents evaluated in preclinical and clinical models of depression. In addition, we will also explore less frequent but interest nutraceutical products which are starting to be tested, also evaluating future roads to cover in order to maximize the benefits of nutraceuticals in MDD.
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Das A, Sanyal T, Bhattacharjee P, Bhattacharjee P. Depletion of S-adenosylmethionine pool and promoter hypermethylation of Arsenite methyltransferase in arsenic-induced skin lesion individuals: A case-control study from West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111184. [PMID: 33894237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of arsenic compounds in the human body occurs following a series of biochemical reactions in the presence of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and catalyzed by arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT). However, the extent and pattern of methylation differs among the arsenic exposed individuals leading to differential susceptibility. The mechanism for such inter-individual difference is enigmatic. In the present case-control study we recruited exposed individuals with and without arsenic induced skin lesion (WSL and WOSL), and an unexposed cohort, each having 120 individuals. Using ELISA, we observed a reduction in SAM levels (p < 0.05) in WSL compared to WOSL. Linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between urinary arsenic concentration and SAM concentration between the study groups. qRT-PCR revealed a significant down-regulation (p < 0.01) of key regulatory genes like MTHFR, MTR, MAT2A and MAT2B of SAM biogenesis pathway in WSL cohort. Methylation-specific PCR revealed significant promoter hypermethylation of AS3MT (WSL vs. WOSL: p < 0.01) which resulted in its subsequent transcriptional repression (WSL vs. WOSL: p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis also showed a negative correlation between SAM concentration and percentage of promoter methylation. Taken together, these results indicate that reduction in SAM biogenesis along with a higher utilization of SAM results in a decreased availability of methyl donor. These along with epigenetic down-regulation of AS3MT may be responsible for higher susceptibility in arsenic exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamalika Sanyal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta and Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta and Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
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44
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Indika NLR, Deutz NEP, Engelen MPKJ, Peiris H, Wijetunge S, Perera R. Sulfur amino acid metabolism and related metabotypes of autism spectrum disorder: A review of biochemical evidence for a hypothesis. Biochimie 2021; 184:143-157. [PMID: 33675854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are multiple lines of evidence for an impaired sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For instance, the concentrations of methionine, cysteine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in body fluids of individuals with ASD is significantly lower while the concentration of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is significantly higher as compared to healthy individuals. Reduced methionine and SAM may reflect impaired remethylation pathway whereas increased SAH may reflect reduced S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity in the catabolic direction. Reduced SAM/SAH ratio reflects an impaired methylation capacity. We hypothesize multiple mechanisms to explain how the interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mercury exposure, maternal use of valproate, altered gut microbiome and certain genetic variants may lead to these SAA metabotypes. Furthermore, we also propose a number of mechanisms to explain the metabolic consequences of abnormal SAA metabotypes. For instance in the brain, reduced SAM/SAH ratio will result in melatonin deficiency and hypomethylation of a number of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and histones. In addition to previously proposed mechanisms, we propose that impaired activity of "radical SAM" enzymes will result in reduced endogenous lipoic acid synthesis, reduced molybdenum cofactor synthesis and impaired porphyrin metabolism leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, porphyrinuria and impaired sulfation capacity. Furthermore depletion of SAM may also lead to the disturbed mTOR signaling pathway in a subgroup of ASD. The proposed "SAM-depletion hypothesis" is an inclusive model to explain the relationship between heterogeneous risk factors and metabotypes observed in a subset of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neluwa-Liyanage R Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hemantha Peiris
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Swarna Wijetunge
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasika Perera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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45
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Peng F, Tang H, Du J, Chen J, Peng C. Isoliquiritigenin Suppresses EMT-Induced Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through miR-200c/C-JUN/[Formula: see text]-Catenin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:505-523. [PMID: 33641651 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype of breast cancer with more aggressive growth and metastasis and without efficient therapies. Hence, it is worthwhile to search for potential effective drug candidates. According to our previous study, isoliquiritigenin (ISL) exerted a potent anticancer effect on breast cancer proliferation. Its effect on TNBC growth, metastasis and mechanism deserves further investigation. In this study, PCR array screened a significant increase of miR-200c in BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells after ISL treatment, and ISH exerted that miR-200c was expressed at a low level in breast cancer tissue of patients. We also found that ISL could up-regulate miR-200c, resulting in the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Meanwhile, ISL could inhibit metastasis and tumor growth in nude mice models through the increase of miR-200c. Further study displayed that ISL decreased c-Jun expression through the increase of miR-200c. Interestingly, we also detected that ISL might increase miR-200c expression through the demethylation of miR-200c promoter region. These findings indicated that ISL could be potentially developed as a novel drug candidate for TNBC in microRNA-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China.,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Du
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional, Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P. R. China
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46
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Kargbo RB. Methionine Adenosyltransferase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:180-181. [PMID: 33603962 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Kargbo
- Usona Institute, 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, California 93401-7337, United States
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47
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Miasko MH, Smail SW, Karim AY, Qadir MK, Bapir AA, Omar SA, Ismail II, Taha OS, Khudhur ZO, Jalal KF, Mustafa MQ, Awla HK, Saeed M, Safdar M. Association study of polymorphisms at A66G (rs1801394) of MTRR gene and autism spectrum disorders in a Kurdish population. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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The Stimulation of Neurogenesis Improves the Cognitive Status of Aging Rats Subjected to Gestational and Perinatal Deficiency of B9-12 Vitamins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218008. [PMID: 33126444 PMCID: PMC7662762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A deficiency in B-vitamins is known to lead to persistent developmental defects in various organs during early life. The nervous system is particularly affected with functional retardation in infants and young adults. In addition, even if in some cases no damage appears evident in the beginning of life, correlations have been shown between B-vitamin metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite the usual treatment based on B-vitamin injections, the neurological outcomes remain poorly rescued in the majority of cases, compared with physiological functions. In this study, we explored whether a neonatal stimulation of neurogenesis could compensate atrophy of specific brain areas such as the hippocampus, in the case of B-vitamin deficiency. Using a physiological mild transient hypoxia within the first 24 h after birth, rat-pups, submitted or not to neonatal B-vitamin deficiency, were followed until 330-days-of-age for their cognitive capacities and their hippocampus status. Our results showed a gender effect since females were more affected than males by the deficiency, showing a persistent low body weight and poor cognitive performance to exit a maze. Nevertheless, the neonatal stimulation of neurogenesis with hypoxia rescued the maze performance during adulthood without modifying physiological markers, such as body weight and circulating homocysteine. Our findings were reinforced by an increase of several markers at 330-days-of-age in hypoxic animals, such as Ammon’s Horn 1hippocampus (CA1) thickness and the expression of key actors of synaptic dynamic, such as the NMDA-receptor-1 (NMDAR1) and the post-synaptic-density-95 (PSD-95). We have not focused our conclusion on the neonatal hypoxia as a putative treatment, but we have discussed that, in the case of neurologic retardation associated with a reduced B-vitamin status, stimulation of the latent neurogenesis in infants could ameliorate their quality of life during their lifespan.
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Vergani L, Baldini F, Khalil M, Voci A, Putignano P, Miraglia N. New Perspectives of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Applications to Attenuate Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184237. [PMID: 32942773 PMCID: PMC7570632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) is an endogenous methyl donor derived from ATP and methionine that has pleiotropic functions. Most SAMe is synthetized and consumed in the liver, where it acts as the main methylating agent and in protection against the free radical toxicity. Previous studies have shown that the administration of SAMe as a supernutrient exerted many beneficial effects in various tissues, mainly in the liver. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the direct effects of SAMe on fatty acid-induced steatosis and oxidative stress in hepatic and endothelial cells. Hepatoma FaO cells and endothelial HECV cells exposed to a mixture of oleate/palmitate are reliable models for hepatic steatosis and endothelium dysfunction, respectively. Our findings indicate that SAMe was able to significantly ameliorate lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in hepatic cells, mainly through promoting mitochondrial fatty acid entry for β-oxidation and external triglyceride release. SAMe also reverted both lipid accumulation and oxidant production (i.e., ROS and NO) in endothelial cells. In conclusion, these outcomes suggest promising beneficial applications of SAMe as a nutraceutical for metabolic disorders occurring in fatty liver and endothelium dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0103538403; Fax: +39-0103538267
| | - Francesca Baldini
- Department of Experimemtal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Science, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Niccolò Miraglia
- Clinical & Pre-clinical Development, Gnosis by Lesaffre S.p.A, 20832 Desio, Italy;
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Complementary Medicine and Natural Medications in Psychiatry: A Guide for the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatrist. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 61:508-517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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