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Shah N, Ghosh A, Kumar K, Dutta T, Mahajan M. A review of safety and immunogenicity of a novel measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2302685. [PMID: 38236022 PMCID: PMC10798359 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2302685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) are highly infectious viral diseases affecting young children and have high secondary attack rates. Present MMR vaccines show consistent seroconversion rates for anti-measles and anti-rubella antibodies with variable responses for anti-mumps antibodies. Most common strains for MMR vaccines, currently available in India, are the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, Leningrad Zagreb (L-Z) mumps strain, and the RA 27/3 rubella strain. L-Z strain of mumps virus has been found to be associated with aseptic meningitis by different studies from different parts of the world including India. Recently, a novel freeze-dried MMR vaccine developed by Zydus Lifesciences (Zyvac MMR) contains Edmonston Zagreb measles strain, Hoshino mumps strain, and RA 27/3 rubella strain. The Hoshino strain is WHO approved and was found to induce interferon gamma production. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the data available on the safety and immunogenicity of the novel MMR vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shah
- Department of Peadiatrics, P.D Hinduja Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Apurba Ghosh
- Department of Peadiatrics, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Kishore Kumar
- Department of Peadiatrics, CloudNine Group of Hospitals, Bengaluru, India
| | - Trayambak Dutta
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Manish Mahajan
- Medical Affairs, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Zydus Corporate Park, Ahmedabad, India
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Mumps Antibody Titer in MMR-Vaccinated and Vaccine Naïve Children at a Public Hospital in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dash R, Agrawal A, Nagvekar V, Lele J, Di Pasquale A, Kolhapure S, Parikh R. Towards adult vaccination in India: a narrative literature review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:991-1001. [PMID: 31746661 PMCID: PMC7227717 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1682842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite vast improvements in childhood vaccination coverage in India, adult vaccination coverage is negligible. Our aim was, therefore, to create awareness about the importance of adult immunization. Although the true burden of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) among Indian adults is unknown, adults are particularly vulnerable during outbreaks, due to a lack of immunization, waning immunity, age-related factors (e.g. chronic conditions and immunosenescence), and epidemiological shift. There are no national adult immunization guidelines in India, and although several medical societies have published adult immunization guidelines, these vary, making it unclear who should receive which vaccines (based on age, underlying conditions, etc.). Other barriers to adult immunization include vaccine hesitancy, missed opportunities, and cost. Steps to improve adult vaccination could include: adoption of national guidelines, education of healthcare providers and the public, and promotion of life-course immunization. Improving adult vaccine coverage could help reduce the burden of VPDs, particularly among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jayesh Lele
- Indian Medical Association, National Hospital Board of India, Mumbai, India
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Gupta M, Tripathy JP, Verma M, Singh MP, Kaur R, Ratho R, Kumar R. Seroprevalence of measles, mumps & rubella antibodies among 5-10 years old children in north India. Indian J Med Res 2019; 149:396-403. [PMID: 31249206 PMCID: PMC6607815 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1453_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives : Globally, there is an effort to eliminate the measles and control rubella as these diseases lead to considerable morbidity and mortality especially among under-five children and are important public health problems. This study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) antibodies among children of age 5-10 yr in Chandigarh, north India, to provide evidence on prevalent immunity levels. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chandigarh, among 196 randomly selected healthy children (5-10 yr), who received either one or two doses of measles or MMR combination vaccine. Socio-economic background and immunization history were recorded. Blood sample (2 ml) was collected to estimate the MMR IgG antibody titres by using ELISA kits. Results : Protective seroprevalence of MMR antibodies was 40.8, 75.5 and 86.2 per cent, respectively. The geometric mean titres of MMR IgG antibodies in the study children were 11.3, 50.6 and 54.3 international units (IU)/ ml, respectively. The proportion of seroprotected children for measles was significantly higher among those who had received two or more doses (46.4%) of measles vaccine compared to those who had received single dose (35.6%) (P <0.001). About 16 per cent of children had received single dose of MMR vaccine. Among these, 71.4 and 100 per cent were seroprotected against mumps and rubella, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions : A large proportion of children aged 5-10 yr lacked protective immunity against measles (60%); about one-fourth (15-25%) were susceptible to infection with mumps and rubella virus. Mumps vaccination may be considered to be included in National Immunization Schedule for children with periodic serosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhur Verma
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mini P. Singh
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R.K. Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
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Zhou L, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Li MY. Global dynamics of a discrete age-structured SIR epidemic model with applications to measles vaccination strategies. Math Biosci 2018; 308:27-37. [PMID: 30529600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigate an SIR epidemic model with discrete age groups to understand the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease in a host population with an age structure. We derive the basic reproduction number R0 and show that it is a sharp threshold parameter. If R0≤1, the disease-free equilibrium E0 is globally stable. If R0>1,E0 is unstable, the model is uniformly persistent, and an endemic equilibrium exists. The global stability of the endemic equilibrium when R0>1 is established under a sufficient condition. The model is then used to analyze the measles data in India and evaluate the effectiveness of several vaccination strategies for the control of measles epidemics in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Zhou
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 140022, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, PR China.
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA.
| | - Michael Y Li
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1, Canada.
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Paul S, Bhatia V, Sahoo J, Subba SH, Mahajan PB. Investigating Mumps Outbreak in Odisha, India: An Opportunity to Assess the Health System by Utilizing the Essential Public Health Services Framework. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1215-1221. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Paul
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vikas Bhatia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jyotiranjan Sahoo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sonu H. Subba
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Preetam B. Mahajan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Susceptibility of Rubella Among Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Jabalpur, Central India. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:136-139. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vaidya SR, Hamde VS. Is it Right Time to Introduce Mumps Vaccine in Indias Universal Immunization Program? Indian Pediatr 2017; 53:469-73. [PMID: 27376598 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-016-0874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Measles, mumps and rubella are vaccine preventable diseases. However, morbidity and mortality due to these diseases remain largely unnoticed in India. Measles has received much attention; mumps and rubella still need to garner attention. According to the World Health Organization, near-elimination of mumps could be achieved by maintaining high vaccine coverage using a two-dose strategy. However, Government of India has not yet decided on mumps vaccine. In this review, we have reviewed sero-prevalence studies, vaccine studies, outbreak investigations, virus isolation and virus genotyping studies on mumps. Overall, mumps seems to be a significant public health problem in India, but does not garner attention due to the absence of a surveillance and documentation system. Thus, inclusion of mumps antigen in the Universal immunization program would have added advantages, the economic burden imposed by the cost of the vaccine offset by a reduction in disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Vaidya
- Measles Group, National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune; and *Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya Ambajogai affiliated to Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad; Maharashtra, India. Correspondence to: Dr Sunil R Vaidya, Scientist-E and Measles Group Leader, WHO Accredited National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr Ambedkar Road, Post Box 11, Pune 411 001, India.
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