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Norris SA, Tian L, Williams EL, Perlmutter JS. Transient dystonia correlates with parkinsonism after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine in nonhuman primates. DYSTONIA 2023; 2:11019. [PMID: 37711667 PMCID: PMC10501383 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2023.11019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral internal carotid artery 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) infusion in non-human primates produces transient contralateral hemi-dystonia followed by stable contralateral hemi-parkinsonism; the relationship between dystonia and parkinsonism remains unclear. We hypothesized that transient dystonia severity following MPTP correlates with parkinsonism severity. In male Macaca nemestrina (n = 3) and M. fascicularis (n = 17) we administered unilateral intra-carotid MPTP, then correlated validated blinded ratings of transient peak dystonia and delayed parkinsonism. We also correlated dystonia severity with post-mortem measures of residual striatal dopamine and nigral neuron counts obtained a mean 53 ± 15 days following MPTP, after resolution of dystonia but during stable parkinsonism. Median latency to dystonia onset was 1 day, and peak severity 2.5 days after MPTP; total dystonia duration was 13.5 days. Parkinsonism peaked a median of 19.5 days after MPTP, remaining nearly constant thereafter. Peak dystonia severity highly correlated with parkinsonism severity (r[18] = 0.82, p < 0.001). Residual cell counts in lesioned nigra correlated linearly with peak dystonia scores (r[18] = -0.68, p=<0.001). Dystonia was not observed in monkeys without striatal dopamine depletion (n = 2); dystonia severity correlated with striatal dopamine depletion when residual nigral cell loss was less than 50% ([11] r = -0.83, p < 0.001) but spanned a broad range with near complete striatal dopamine depletion, when nigral cell loss was greater than 50%. Our data indicate that residual striatal dopamine may not reflect dystonia severity. We speculate on mechanisms of transient dystonia followed by parkinsonism that may be studied using this particular NHP MPTP model to better understand relationships of transient dystonia to nigrostriatal injury and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Norris
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - L. Tian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - E. L. Williams
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - J. S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061283. [PMID: 35745855 PMCID: PMC9229021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s-1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.
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Ren H, Li J, Peng A, Liu T, Chen M, Li H, Wang X. Water-Soluble, Alanine-Modified Fullerene C 60 Promotes the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105714. [PMID: 35628525 PMCID: PMC9146176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As carbon-based nanomaterials, water-soluble C60 derivatives have potential applications in various fields of biomedicine. In this study, a water-soluble fullerene C60 derivative bearing alanine residues (Ala-C60) was synthesized. The effects of Ala-C60 on neural stem cells (NSCs) as seed cells were explored. Ala-C60 can promote the proliferation of NSCs, induce NSCs to differentiate into neurons, and inhibit the migration of NSCs. Most importantly, the Ala-C60 can significantly increase the cell viability of NSCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) content increased significantly in NSCs treated even by 20 μM Ala-C60. These findings strongly indicate that Ala-C60 has high potential to be applied as a scaffold with NSCs for regeneration in nerve tissue engineering for diseases related to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Ren
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Jinrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
| | - Mengjun Chen
- School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250002, China;
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-531-88363963 (H.L.); +86-531-88382046 (X.W.)
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (H.R.); (A.P.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.W.); Tel.: +86-531-88363963 (H.L.); +86-531-88382046 (X.W.)
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Zaibaq NG, Pollard AC, Collins MJ, Pisaneschi F, Pagel MD, Wilson LJ. Evaluation of the Biodistribution of Serinolamide-Derivatized C 60 Fullerene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E143. [PMID: 31941058 PMCID: PMC7023239 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles have consistently been of great interest in medicine. However, there are currently no clinical materials based on carbon nanoparticles, due to inconsistent biodistribution and excretion data. In this work, we have synthesized a novel C60 derivative with a metal chelating agent (1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid; NOTA) covalently bound to the C60 cage and radiolabeled with copper-64 (t1/2 = 12.7 h). Biodistribution of the material was assessed in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Bingel-Hirsch chemistry was employed to functionalize the fullerene cage with highly water-soluble serinolamide groups allowing this new C60 conjugate to clear quickly from mice almost exclusively through the kidneys. Comparing the present results to the larger context of reports of biocompatible fullerene derivatives, this work offers an important evaluation of the in vivo biodistribution, using experimental evidence to establish functionalization guidelines for future C60-based biomedical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Zaibaq
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (N.G.Z.); (A.C.P.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Alyssa C. Pollard
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (N.G.Z.); (A.C.P.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Michael J. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (N.G.Z.); (A.C.P.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Federica Pisaneschi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Mark D. Pagel
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (N.G.Z.); (A.C.P.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Lon J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (N.G.Z.); (A.C.P.); (M.J.C.)
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Gaponenko IN, Ageev SV, Iurev GO, Shemchuk OS, Meshcheriakov AA, Petrov AV, Solovtsova IL, Vasina LV, Tennikova TB, Murin IV, Semenov KN, Sharoyko VV. Biological evaluation and molecular dynamics simulation of water-soluble fullerene derivative C 60[C(COOH) 2] 3. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104683. [PMID: 31639450 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the most studied fullerene members, C60, has a potential of application in various fields of biomedicine including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, inhibiting of tumours development, inactivating of viruses and bacteria, as well as elaboration of diagnostic and targeted drug delivery tools. However, the hydrophobicity of this molecule impedes its practical use, therefore the actuality of the research devoted to functionalisation of fullerenes leading to amphiphilic derivatives remains important. In this work, the water-soluble carboxylated fullerene derivative C60[C(COOH)2]3 was studied. Extensive biomedical investigation of this compound, namely, the binding with human serum albumin (HSA), radical scavenging activity in the reaction with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, photodynamic properties, cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line, erythrocytes' haemolysis, platelet aggregation, and genotoxicity in human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) was conducted. Moreover, the dynamic and structural characteristics of C60[C(COOH)2]3-H2O binary system were obtained using molecular dynamic (MD) method, and size distribution of C60[C(COOH)2]3 associates was measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Gaponenko
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Sergei V Ageev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Gleb O Iurev
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia; Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Olga S Shemchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Anatolii A Meshcheriakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Andrey V Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Irina L Solovtsova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Lubov V Vasina
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia; Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Tatiana B Tennikova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Igor V Murin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Semenov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia; Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia; Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia.
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
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Ageev SV, Iurev GO, Podolsky NE, Rakipov IT, Vasina LV, Noskov BA, Akentiev AV, Charykov NA, Murin IV, Semenov KN. Density, speed of sound, viscosity, refractive index, surface tension and solubility of С60[C(COOH)2]3. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Ruden JB, Quick KL, Gonzales ER, Shah AR, Park TS, Kennedy N, Dugan LL, Gidday JM. Reduction of Leukocyte Microvascular Adherence and Preservation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function by Superoxide-Lowering Therapies in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Asphyxia. Front Neurol 2019; 10:447. [PMID: 31118919 PMCID: PMC6504682 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asphyxia is the most common cause of brain damage in newborns. Substantial evidence indicates that leukocyte recruitment in the cerebral vasculature during asphyxia contributes to this damage. We tested the hypothesis that superoxide radical (O 2 ⋅ _ ) promotes an acute post-asphyxial inflammatory response and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. We investigated the effects of removingO 2 ⋅ _ by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or C3, the cell-permeable SOD mimetic, in protecting against asphyxia-related leukocyte recruitment. We also tested the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase activity is one source of this radical. Methods: Anesthetized piglets were tracheostomized, ventilated, and equipped with closed cranial windows for the assessment of post-asphyxial rhodamine 6G-labeled leukocyte-endothelial adherence and microvascular permeability to sodium fluorescein in cortical venules. Asphyxia was induced by discontinuing ventilation. SOD and C3 were administered by cortical superfusion. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol was administered intravenously. Results: Leukocyte-venular adherence significantly increased during the initial 2 h of post-asphyxial reperfusion. BBB permeability was also elevated relative to non-asphyxial controls. Inhibition ofO 2 ⋅ _ production by oxypurinol, or elimination ofO 2 ⋅ _ by SOD or C3, significantly reduced rhodamine 6G-labeled leukocyte-endothelial adherence and improved BBB integrity, as measured by sodium fluorescein leak from cerebral microvessels. Conclusion: Using three different strategies to either prevent formation or enhance elimination ofO 2 ⋅ _ during the post-asphyxial period, we saw both reduced leukocyte adherence and preserved BBB function with treatment. These findings suggest that agents which lowerO 2 ⋅ _ in brain may be attractive new therapeutic interventions for the protection of the neonatal brain following asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Ruden
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Ernesto R. Gonzales
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Aarti R. Shah
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - T. S. Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nan Kennedy
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura L. Dugan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Gidday
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Kazemzadeh H, Mozafari M. Fullerene-based delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:898-905. [PMID: 30703542 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the development of new drugs, there have been many attempts to explore innovative delivery routes. Targeted delivery systems are a desired solution designed to overcome the deficiency of routine methods. To transform this idea into reality, a wide range of nanoparticles has been proposed and studied. These nanoparticles should interact well with biological environments and pass through cell membranes to deliver therapeutic molecules. One of the pioneer classes of carbon-based nanoparticles for targeted delivery is the fullerenes. Fullerenes have a unique structure and possess suitable properties for interaction with the cellular environment. This short review concentrates on newly developed fullerene derivatives and their potential as advanced delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kazemzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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