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Warren R, Dylag AM, Behan M, Domm W, Yee M, Mayer-Pröschel M, Martinez-Sobrido L, O'Reilly MA. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated is required for efficient proximal airway epithelial cell regeneration following influenza A virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L581-L592. [PMID: 35196880 PMCID: PMC8993527 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00378.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and young adults with mutant forms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a kinase involved in DNA damage signaling and mitochondrial homeostasis, suffer from recurrent respiratory infections, immune deficiencies, and obstructive airways disease associated with disorganized airway epithelium. We previously showed in mice how Atm was required to mount a protective immune memory response to influenza A virus [IAV; Hong Kong/X31 (HKx31), H3N2]. Here, Atm wildtype (WT) and knockout (Atm-null) mice were used to investigate how Atm is required to regenerate the injured airway epithelium following IAV infection. When compared with WT mice, naive Atm-null mice had increased airway resistance and reduced lung compliance that worsened during infection before returning to naïve levels by 56 days postinfection (dpi). Although Atm-null lungs appeared pathologically normal before infection by histology, they developed an abnormal proximal airway epithelium after infection that contained E-cadherin+, Sox2+, and Cyp2f2+ cells lacking secretoglobin family 1 A member 1 (Scgb1a1) protein expression. Patchy and low expression of Scgb1a1 were eventually observed by 56 dpi. Genetic lineage tracing in HKx31-infected mice revealed club cells require Atm to rapidly and efficiently restore Scgb1a1 expression in proximal airways. Since Scgb1a1 is an immunomodulatory protein that protects the lung against a multitude of respiratory challenges, failure to efficiently restore its expression may contribute to the respiratory diseases seen in individuals with ataxia telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Warren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Andrew M Dylag
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Molly Behan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - William Domm
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Min Yee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Margot Mayer-Pröschel
- Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Marty FH, Bettamin L, Thouard A, Bourgade K, Allart S, Larrieu G, Malnou CE, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Suberbielle E. Borna disease virus docks on neuronal DNA double-strand breaks to replicate and dampens neuronal activity. iScience 2022; 25:103621. [PMID: 35024577 PMCID: PMC8724971 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease viruses (BoDV) have recently emerged as zoonotic neurotropic pathogens. These persistent RNA viruses assemble nuclear replication centers (vSPOT) in close interaction with the host chromatin. However, the topology of this interaction and its consequences on neuronal function remain unexplored. In neurons, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) have been identified as novel epigenetic mechanisms regulating neurotransmission and cognition. Activity-dependent DSB contribute critically to neuronal plasticity processes, which could be impaired upon infection. Here, we show that BoDV-1 infection, or the singled-out expression of viral Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein, increases neuronal DSB levels. Of interest, inducing DSB promoted the recruitment anew of vSPOT colocalized with DSB and increased viral RNA replication. BoDV-1 persistence decreased neuronal activity and response to stimulation by dampening the surface expression of glutamate receptors. Taken together, our results propose an original mechanistic cross talk between persistence of an RNA virus and neuronal function, through the control of DSB levels. BoDV-1, its Nucleoprotein or Phosphoprotein cause neuronal DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) DNA double-strand breaks co-localize with BoDV-1 replication factories DNA DSB recruits BoDV-1 replication factories and promotes viral replication BoDV-1 inhibits neuronal activity by impeding surface expression of GluN2A receptors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Bettamin
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Thouard
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Bourgade
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Elsa Suberbielle
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author
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DNA mismatch repair is required for the host innate response and controls cellular fate after influenza virus infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1964-1977. [PMID: 31358986 PMCID: PMC6814535 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the cytopathic nature of influenza A virus (IAV) replication, we
recently reported that a subset of lung epithelial club cells is able to
intrinsically clear virus and survive infection. However, the mechanisms that
drive cell survival during a normally lytic infection remained unclear. Using a
loss-of-function screening approach, we discovered that the DNA mismatch repair
(MMR) pathway is essential for club cell survival of IAV infection. Repair of
virally-induced oxidative damage by the DNA MMR pathway not only allowed cell
survival of infection but also facilitated host gene transcription, including
the expression of antiviral and stress response genes. Enhanced viral
suppression of the DNA MMR pathway prevented club cell survival and increased
the severity of viral disease in vivo. Altogether, these
results identify previously unappreciated roles for DNA MMR as a central
modulator of cellular fate and a contributor to the innate antiviral response,
which together, control influenza viral disease severity.
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Colaço HG, Moita LF. Initiation of innate immune responses by surveillance of homeostasis perturbations. FEBS J 2016; 283:2448-57. [PMID: 27037950 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition, signaling transduction pathways, and effector mechanisms are necessary steps of innate immune responses that play key roles in the early phase of defense and in the stimulation of the later specific response of adaptive immunity. Here, we argue that in addition to the direct recognition of conserved common structural and functional molecular signatures of microorganisms using pattern recognition receptors, hosts can mount an immune response following the sensing of disruption in homeostasis as proximal reporters for infections. Surveillance of disruption of core cellular activities leading to defense responses is a flexible strategy that requires few additional components and that can effectively detect relevant threats. It is likely to be evolutionarily very conserved and ancient because it is operational in organisms that lack pattern recognition triggered immunity. A homeostasis disruption model of immune response initiation and modulation has broad implications for pathophysiology and treatment of disease and might constitute an often overlooked but central component of a comprehensive conceptual framework for innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique G Colaço
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis F Moita
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses. Biomolecules 2016; 6:2. [PMID: 26751489 PMCID: PMC4808796 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are a genetically diverse group of pathogens that are responsible for some of the most prevalent and lethal human diseases. Numerous viruses introduce DNA damage and genetic instability in host cells during their lifecycles and some species also manipulate components of the DNA damage response (DDR), a complex and sophisticated series of cellular pathways that have evolved to detect and repair DNA lesions. Activation and manipulation of the DDR by DNA viruses has been extensively studied. It is apparent, however, that many RNA viruses can also induce significant DNA damage, even in cases where viral replication takes place exclusively in the cytoplasm. DNA damage can contribute to the pathogenesis of RNA viruses through the triggering of apoptosis, stimulation of inflammatory immune responses and the introduction of deleterious mutations that can increase the risk of tumorigenesis. In addition, activation of DDR pathways can contribute positively to replication of viral RNA genomes. Elucidation of the interactions between RNA viruses and the DDR has provided important insights into modulation of host cell functions by these pathogens. This review summarises the current literature regarding activation and manipulation of the DDR by several medically important RNA viruses.
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Li N, Parrish M, Chan TK, Yin L, Rai P, Yoshiyuki Y, Abolhassani N, Tan KB, Kiraly O, Chow VTK, Engelward BP. Influenza infection induces host DNA damage and dynamic DNA damage responses during tissue regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2973-88. [PMID: 25809161 PMCID: PMC4802977 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses account for significant morbidity worldwide. Inflammatory responses, including excessive generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), mediate lung injury in severe influenza infections. However, the molecular basis of inflammation-induced lung damage is not fully understood. Here, we studied influenza H1N1 infected cells in vitro, as well as H1N1 infected mice, and we monitored molecular and cellular responses over the course of 2 weeks in vivo. We show that influenza induces DNA damage to both, when cells are directly exposed to virus in vitro (measured using the comet assay) and also when cells are exposed to virus in vivo (estimated via γH2AX foci). We show that DNA damage, as well as responses to DNA damage persist in vivo until long after virus has been cleared, at times when there are inflammation associated RONS (measured by xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative products). The frequency of lung epithelial and immune cells with increased γH2AX foci is elevated in vivo, especially for dividing cells (Ki-67-positive) exposed to oxidative stress during tissue regeneration. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in apoptotic cells as well as increased levels of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair proteins Ku70, Ku86 and Rad51 during the regenerative phase. In conclusion, results show that influenza induces DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo, and that DNA damage responses are activated, raising the possibility that DNA repair capacity may be a determining factor for tissue recovery and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Marcus Parrish
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Tze Khee Chan
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Clinical Research Center, MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Level 5, #05-09, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Lu Yin
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Prashant Rai
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Yamada Yoshiyuki
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Kong Bing Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Orsolya Kiraly
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #03-10/11 Innovation Wing, #03-12/13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
| | - Vincent T. K. Chow
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore, 117545 Singapore
| | - Bevin P. Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., 16-743, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
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