1
|
Hu C, Yan Q, Zhang Y, Yan H. Influence Mechanism of Drug-Polymer Compatibility on Humidity Stability of Crystalline Solid Dispersion. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1640. [PMID: 38139767 PMCID: PMC10747292 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of humidity on the dissolution behavior and microstructure of drugs in crystalline solid dispersions (CSDs). Using Bifonazole (BFZ) as a model drug, CSDs were prepared through spray drying with carriers such as Poloxamer 188 (P188), Poloxamer 407 (P407), and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG8000). The solubilization effect and mechanism were initially evaluated, followed by an examination of the impact of humidity (RH10%) on the dissolution behavior of CSDs. Furthermore, the influence of humidity on the microstructure of CSDs was investigated, and factors affecting the humidity stability of CSDs were summarized. Significant enhancements in the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of BFZ in CSDs were observed due to changes in crystalline size and crystallinity, with the CSD-P188 system exhibiting the best performance. Following humidity treatment, the CSD-P407 system demonstrated the least change in the IDR of BFZ, indicating superior stability. The CSD-P407 system was followed by the CSD-P188 system, with the CSD-PEG8000 system exhibiting the least stability. Further analysis of the microstructure revealed that while humidity had negligible effects on the crystalline size and crystallinity of BFZ in CSDs, it had a significant impact on the distribution of BFZ on the CSD surface. This can be attributed to the water's potent plasticizing effect, which significantly alters the molecular mobility of BFZ. Additionally, the compatibility of the three polymers with BFZ differs, with CSD-P407 > CSD-P188 > CSD-PEG8000. Under the continuous influence of water, stronger compatibility leads to lower molecular mobility and more uniform drug distribution on the CSD surface. Enhancing the compatibility of drugs with polymers can effectively reduce the mobility of BFZ in CSDs, thereby mitigating changes caused by water and ultimately stabilizing the surface composition and dissolution behavior of drugs in CSDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Qiuli Yan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Haiying Yan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Munnangi SR, Youssef AAA, Narala N, Lakkala P, Vemula SK, Alluri R, Zhang F, Repka MA. Continuous Manufacturing of Solvent-Free Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Enhanced Drug Solubility via Hot-Melt Extrusion: A Quality by Design Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2203. [PMID: 37765172 PMCID: PMC10536280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional cyclodextrin complexation enhances the solubility of poorly soluble drugs but is solvent-intensive and environmentally unfavorable. This study evaluated solvent-free hot-melt extrusion (HME) for forming cyclodextrin inclusion complexes to improve the solubility and dissolution of ibuprofen (IBU). Molecular docking confirmed IBU's hosting in Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD), while phase solubility revealed its complex stoichiometry and stability. In addition, an 11 mm twin-screw co-rotating extruder with PVP VA-64 as an auxiliary substance aided the complex formation and extrusion. Using QbD and the Box-Behnken design, we studied variables (barrel temperature, screw speed, and polymer concentration) and their impact on solubility and dissolution. The high polymer concentration and high screw speeds positively affected the dependent variables. However, higher temperatures had a negative effect. The lowest barrel temperature set near the Tg of the polymer, when combined with high polymer concentrations, resulted in high torques in HME and halted the extrusion process. Therefore, the temperature and polymer concentration should be selected to provide sufficient melt viscosities to aid the complex formation and extrusion process. Studies such as DSC and XRD revealed the amorphous conversion of IBU, while the inclusion complex formation was demonstrated by ATR and NMR studies. The dissolution of ternary inclusion complexes (TIC) produced from HME was found to be ≥85% released within 30 min. This finding implied the high solubility of IBU, according to the US FDA 2018 guidance for highly soluble compounds containing immediate-release solid oral dosage forms. Overall, the studies revealed the effect of various process parameters on the formation of CD inclusion complexes via HME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Rohit Alluri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Micheal A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (S.R.M.); (A.A.A.Y.); (N.N.); (P.L.); (S.K.V.); (R.A.)
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi MJ, Woo MR, Baek K, Park JH, Joung S, Choi YS, Choi HG, Jin SG. Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Rivaroxaban-Loaded Microspheres by Optimizing the Polymer and Surfactant Based on Molecular Interaction Mechanisms. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4153-4164. [PMID: 37433746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop microspheres using water-soluble carriers and surfactants to improve the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban (RXB). RXB-loaded microspheres with optimal carrier (poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30, PVP) and surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)) ratios were prepared. 1H NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses showed that drug-excipient and excipient-excipient interactions affected RXB solubility, dissolution, and oral absorption. Therefore, molecular interactions between RXB, PVP, and SLS played an important role in improving RXB solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability. Formulations IV and VIII, containing optimized RXB/PVP/SLS ratios (1:0.25:2 and 1:1:2, w/w/w), had significantly improved solubility by approximately 160- and 86-fold, respectively, compared to RXB powder, with the final dissolution rates improved by approximately 4.5- and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to those of RXB powder at 120 min. Moreover, the oral bioavailability of RXB was improved by 2.4- and 1.7-fold, respectively, compared to that of RXB powder. Formulation IV showed the highest improvement in oral bioavailability compared to RXB powder (AUC, 2400.8 ± 237.1 vs 1002.0 ± 82.3 h·ng/mL). Finally, the microspheres developed in this study successfully improved the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of RXB, suggesting that formulation optimization with the optimal drug-to-excipient ratio can lead to successful formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jong Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Baek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Seewon Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia X, Chen J, Cheng H, Pan X, Ke Y, Fu T, Qiao H, Cui X, Li W, Zou L, Cheng J, Li J. Use of surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions for BDDCS class II drugs to enhance oral bioavailability: A case report of resveratrol. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123059. [PMID: 37196879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to improve in vitro dissolution/solubility as well as inhibit intestinal metabolism and thus enhance oral bioavailability for a BDDCS class II drug by constructing surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions using resveratrol (RES) as a model drug. After preliminary screening of polymers and surfactants, and subsequent prescription optimization, two optimized spray-drying RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs were obtained and exhibited a significant increase in solubility of RES by 2.69-3.45-fold compared to crystalline RES, and by 1.13-1.56-fold compared to corresponding RES-polymer ASDs, maintaining a higher concentration in the dissolution process. A metabolism study using everted sacs showed that two optimized ASDs reduced the concentration ratio of RES-G to RES to 51.66%-52.05% of crystalline RES on the serosal side of the rat everted intestinal sac at 2 h. Consequently, these two RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs achieved significantly higher exposure of RES in the plasma with significant enhancements in Cmax (2.33-2.35-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.72-2.04-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs), and in AUC 0-∞ (3.51-3.56-fold higher than crystalline RES, and 1.38-1.41-fold higher than corresponding RES-polymer ASDs). These advantages of the RES-polymer-surfactant ASDs in oral absorption of RES were attributed to solubilization by ASDs and metabolic inhibition by UGT inhibitors. The introduction of surfactants including EL and Lab to ASDs plays an important role in inhibiting glucuronidation and further improving solubility. This study demonstrated that such surfactant-based amorphous solid dispersions may serve as a new approach to increase the oral absorption of BDDCS class II drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqing Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinxin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Yixin Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Lisi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jianming Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, 138 Xianlin Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Junsong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System (DDS), 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmied FP, Bernhardt A, Klein S. Preparation of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDS) by Co-Extrusion of Liquid SNEDDS and Polymeric Carriers-A New and Promising Formulation Approach to Improve the Solubility of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091135. [PMID: 36145356 PMCID: PMC9505398 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on a new formulation approach to improving the solubility of drugs with poor aqueous solubility. A hot melt extrusion (HME) process was applied to prepare drug-loaded solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) by co-extrusion of liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) and different polymeric carriers. Experiments were performed with L-SNEDDS formulations containing celecoxib, efavirenz or fenofibrate as model drugs. A major objective was to identify a polymeric carrier and process parameters that would enable the preparation of stable S-SNEDDS without impairing the release behavior and storage stability of the L-SNEDDS used and, if possible, even improving them further. In addition to commercially available (co)polymers already used in the field of HME, a particular focus was on the evaluation of different variants of a recently developed aminomethacrylate-based copolymer (ModE) that differed in Mw. Immediately after preparation, the L-SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS formulations were tested for amorphicity by differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, solubility and dissolution tests were performed. In addition, the storage stability was investigated at 30 °C/65% RH over a period of three and six months, respectively. In all cases, amorphous formulations were obtained and, especially for the model drug celecoxib, S-SNEDDS were developed that maintained the rapid and complete drug release of the underlying L-SNEDDS even over an extended storage period. Overall, the data obtained in this study suggest that the presented S-SNEDDS approach is very promising, provided that drug-loaded L-SNEDDS are co-processed with a suitable polymeric carrier. In the case of celecoxib, the E-173 variant of the novel ModE copolymer proved to be a novel polymeric carrier with great potential for application in S-SNEDDS. The presented approach will, therefore, be pursued in future studies to establish S-SNEDDS as an alternative formulation to other amorphous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian-Pascal Schmied
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany or
- Research, Development & Innovation, Evonik Operations GmbH, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Bernhardt
- Research, Development & Innovation, Evonik Operations GmbH, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sandra Klein
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4897
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nambiar AG, Singh M, Mali AR, Serrano DR, Kumar R, Healy AM, Agrawal AK, Kumar D. Continuous Manufacturing and Molecular Modeling of Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:249. [PMID: 36056225 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions enhance solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The escalating number of drugs with poor aqueous solubility, poor dissolution, and poor oral bioavailability is an unresolved problem that requires adequate interventions. This review article highlights recent solubility and bioavailability enhancement advances using amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). The review also highlights the mechanism of enhanced dissolution and the challenges faced by ASD-based products, such as stability and scale-up. The role of process analytical technology (PAT) supporting continuous manufacturing is highlighted. Accurately predicting interactions between the drug and polymeric carrier requires long experimental screening methods, and this is a space where computational tools hold significant potential. Recent advancements in data science, computational tools, and easy access to high-end computation power are set to accelerate ASD-based research. Hence, particular emphasis has been given to molecular modeling techniques that can address some of the unsolved questions related to ASDs. With the advancement in PAT tools and artificial intelligence, there is an increasing interest in the continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals. ASDs are a suitable option for continuous manufacturing, as production of a drug product from an ASD by direct compression is a reality, where the addition of multiple excipients is easy to avoid. Significant attention is necessary for ongoing clinical studies based on ASDs, which is paving the way for the approval of many new ASDs and their introduction into the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha G Nambiar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Maan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek R Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jennotte O, Koch N, Lechanteur A, Evrard B. Development of amorphous solid dispersions of cannabidiol: Influence of the carrier, the hot-melt extrusion parameters and the use of a crystallization inhibitor. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
8
|
Schmied FP, Bernhardt A, Moers C, Meier C, Endres T, Klein S. A Novel Aminomethacrylate-Based Copolymer for Solubility Enhancement-From Radical Polymer Synthesis to Manufacture and Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071281. [PMID: 35406157 PMCID: PMC9003068 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study covers the synthesis, purification and evaluation of a novel aminomethacrylate-based copolymer in terms of its suitability for improving the solubility and in vitro release of poorly water-soluble drug compounds. The new copolymer was synthesized by solvent polymerization with radical initiation and by use of a chain transfer agent. Based on its composition, it can be considered as a modified type of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate "EUDRAGIT® E PO" (ModE). ModE was specifically developed to provide a copolymer with processing and application properties that exceed those of commercially available (co-)polymers in solubility enhancement technologies where possible. By varying the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the radical polymerization process, the molecular weight of ModE was varied in a range of 173-305 kDa. To evaluate the solubility-enhancing properties of ModE, a series of drug-loaded extrudates were prepared by hot melt extrusion using the novel-as well as several commercially available-(co-)polymers. These extrudates were then subjected to comparative tests for amorphousness, solubility-enhancing properties, storage stability, and drug release. Celecoxib, efavirenz, and fenofibrate were used as model drugs in all experiments. Of all the (co-)polymers included in the study, ModE with a molecular weight of 173 kDa showed the best performance in terms of desired properties and was shown to be particularly suitable for preparing amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of the three model drugs, which in a first set of dissolution experiments showed better release behavior under pH conditions of the fasting stomach than higher molecular weight ModE types, as well as a variety of commercially available (co-)polymers. Therefore, the results demonstrate the successful synthesis of a new copolymer, which in future studies will be investigated in more detail for universal application in the field of solubility enhancement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian-Pascal Schmied
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; or
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Alexander Bernhardt
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Christian Moers
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Christian Meier
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau, Germany;
| | - Thomas Endres
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Research, Development & Innovation, Kirschenallee, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.B.); (C.M.); (T.E.)
| | - Sandra Klein
- Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-420-4897
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simões MF, Pinto RMA, Simões S. Hot-Melt Extrusion: a Roadmap for Product Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:184. [PMID: 34142250 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion has found extensive application as a feasible pharmaceutical technological option over recent years. HME applications include solubility enhancement, taste masking, and sustained drug release. As bioavailability enhancement is a hot topic of today's science, one of the main applications of HME is centered on amorphous solid dispersions. This review describes the most significant aspects of HME technology and its use to prepare solid dispersions as a drug formulation strategy to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. It also addresses molecular and thermodynamic features critical for the physicochemical properties of these systems, mainly in what concerns miscibility and physical stability. Moreover, the importance of applying the Quality by Design philosophy in drug development is also discussed, as well as process analytical technologies in pharmaceutical HME monitoring, under the current standards of product development and regulatory guidance. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
|
10
|
Development, optimization and in-vivo evaluation of cyanocobalamin loaded orodispersible films using hot-melt extrusion technology: A quality by design (QbD) approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Thakore SD, Akhtar J, Jain R, Paudel A, Bansal AK. Analytical and Computational Methods for the Determination of Drug-Polymer Solubility and Miscibility. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2835-2866. [PMID: 34041914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, poorly water-soluble drugs require enabling technologies to increase apparent solubility in the biological environment. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as an attractive strategy that has been used to market more than 20 oral pharmaceutical products. The amorphous form is inherently unstable and exhibits phase separation and crystallization during shelf life storage. Polymers stabilize the amorphous drug by antiplasticization, reducing molecular mobility, reducing chemical potential of drug, and increasing glass transition temperature in ASD. Here, drug-polymer miscibility is an important contributor to the physical stability of ASDs. The current Review discusses the basics of drug-polymer interactions with the major focus on the methods for the evaluation of solubility and miscibility of the drug in the polymer. Methods for the evaluation of drug-polymer solubility and miscibility have been classified as thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic, solid-liquid equilibrium-based, rheological, and computational methods. Thermal methods have been commonly used to determine the solubility of the drug in the polymer, while other methods provide qualitative information about drug-polymer miscibility. Despite advancements, the majority of these methods are still inadequate to provide the value of drug-polymer miscibility at room temperature. There is still a need for methods that can accurately determine drug-polymer miscibility at pharmaceutically relevant temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Junia Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Ranjna Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE) GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Butreddy A, Bandari S, Repka MA. Quality-by-design in hot melt extrusion based amorphous solid dispersions: An industrial perspective on product development. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 158:105655. [PMID: 33253883 PMCID: PMC7855693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An industrially feasible approach to overcome the solubility and bioavailability limitations of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients is the development of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technique. The application of Quality by Design (QbD) had a profound impact on the development of HME-based ASDs. The formulation and process optimization of ASDs manufactured via HME techniques require an understanding of critical quality attributes, critical material attributes, critical process parameters, risk assessment tools, and experimental designs. The knowledge gained from each of these QbD elements helps ensure the consistency of product quality. The selection and implementation of appropriate Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology to screen and optimize the formulation and process variables remain a major challenge. This review provides a comprehensive overview on QbD concepts in HME-based ASDs with an emphasis on DoE methodologies. Further, the information provided in this review can assist researchers in selecting a suitable design with optimal experimental conditions. Specifically, this review has focused on the prediction of drug-polymer miscibility, the elements and sequence of QbD, and various screening and optimization designs, to provide insights into the formulation and process variables that are encountered routinely in the production of HME-based ASDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jha DK, Shah DS, Amin PD. Thermodynamic aspects of the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions of Naringenin with enhanced dissolution rate. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
14
|
Parhi R, Goli VVN. Design and optimization of film-forming gel of etoricoxib using research surface methodology. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 10:498-514. [PMID: 31773422 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation is focused on the development of transdermal film-forming gel (FFG) loaded with etoricoxib employing research surface methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken surface design method was used to develop experimental run using different concentrations of etoricoxib, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M), and eudragit RL100 as independent variables, and Derringer's optimization tool was employed to optimize best possible formulation. The dependent variables considered in this study were viscosity and drug permeation at 24 h (Q24, μg/cm2). Anti-inflammatory study was performed on Wistar albino rats for 8 h. Skin irritation studies and accelerated stability studies were performed for validated FFG formulations. Quadratic model was found to be best fit model (p < 0.0001) for both the responses. The influence of HPMC concentration on the viscosity was found to be highest whereas concentration of etoricoxib was maximum for Q24. The optimum composition of the FFG was observed to be 4% of etoricoxib, 1.1246% of HPMC, and 0.4% of eudragit. Above composition resulted in viscosity of 1549.5 mPa.s and maximum Q24 of 4639.11 μg/cm2 with desirability 0.918. The in vivo anti-inflammatory study demonstrated better sustained release effect (for 8 h) of optimized FFG compared to orally administered drug suspension. An average irritation score of 0.555 was observed on Draize scoring system. The validated FFG formulation was found to be stable for the 3 months in accelerated conditions. It can be concluded from the above investigations that the validated FFG formulation of etoricoxib is well tolerated and could provide sustained drug release for 8 h. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabinarayan Parhi
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India.
| | - V V Nishanth Goli
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simões MF, Pinto RM, Simões S. Hot-melt extrusion in the pharmaceutical industry: toward filing a new drug application. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1749-1768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
16
|
Alhijjaj M, Belton P, Fábián L, Wellner N, Reading M, Qi S. Novel Thermal Imaging Method for Rapid Screening of Drug–Polymer Miscibility for Solid Dispersion Based Formulation Development. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5625-5636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muqdad Alhijjaj
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
- College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Peter Belton
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - László Fábián
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, U.K
| | - Mike Reading
- Cyversa, 12 Stanmore Road, Norwich, Norfolk NR7 0HB, U.K
| | - Sheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|