1
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Finazzi L, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J. Probing radical versus proton migration in the aniline cation with IRMPD spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2023.2192307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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2
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Piatkivskyi A, Lau JKC, Berden G, Oomens J, Hopkinson AC, Siu KM, Ryzhov V. Hydrogen atom transfer in the radical cations of tryptophan-containing peptides AW and WA studied by mass spectrometry, infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:112-121. [PMID: 30282467 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718802547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two types of radical cations of tryptophan-the π-radical cation and the protonated tryptophan-N radical-have been studied in dipeptides AW and WA. The π-radical cation produced by removal of an electron during collision-induced dissociation of a ternary Cu(II) complex was only observed for the AW peptide. In the case of WA, only the ion corresponding to the loss of ammonia, [WA-NH3] •+, was observed from the copper complex. Both protonated tryptophan-N radicals were produced by N-nitrosylation of the neutral peptides followed by transfer to the gas phase via electrospray ionization and subsequent collision-induced dissociation. The regiospecifically formed N• species were characterized by infrared multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy which revealed that the WA tryptophan-N• radical remains the nitrogen radical, while the AW nitrogen radical rearranges into the π-radical cation. These findings are supported by the density functional theory calculations that suggest a relatively high barrier for the radical rearrangement (N• to π) in WA (156.3 kJ mol-1) and a very low barrier in AW (6.1 kJ mol-1). The facile hydrogen atom migration in the AW system is also supported by the collision-induced dissociation of the tryptophan-N radical species that produces fragments characteristic of the tryptophan π-radical cation. Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions with n-propyl thiol have also been used to differentiate between the π-radical cations (react by hydrogen abstraction) and the tryptophan-N• species (unreactive) of AW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Piatkivskyi
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Justin Kai-Chi Lau
- 2 Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Ontario, Canada
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giel Berden
- 4 Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory Radboud University, ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- 4 Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory Radboud University, ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan C Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kw Michael Siu
- 2 Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Ontario, Canada
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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3
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Kempkes LJ, Martens J, Berden G, Houthuijs KJ, Oomens J. Investigation of the position of the radical in z3-ions resulting from electron transfer dissociation using infrared ion spectroscopy. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:434-452. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures of six open-shell z3-ions resulting from electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (ETD MS) were investigated using infrared ion spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory and molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Kas J. Houthuijs
- Radboud University
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University
- FELIX Laboratory
- 6525 ED Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
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4
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Kempkes LJM, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J. w-Type ions formed by electron transfer dissociation of Cys-containing peptides investigated by infrared ion spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1207-1213. [PMID: 30281881 PMCID: PMC6283004 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In mass spectrometry-based peptide sequencing, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) have become well-established fragmentation methods complementary to collision-induced dissociation. The dominant fragmentation pathways during ETD and ECD primarily involve the formation of c- and z• -type ions by cleavage of the peptide backbone at the N─Cα bond, although neutral losses from amino acid side chains have also been observed. Residue-specific neutral side chain losses provide useful information when conducting database searching and de novo sequencing. Here, we use a combination of infrared ion spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations to assign the structures of two ETD-generated w-type fragment ions. These ions are spontaneously formed from ETD-generated z• -type fragments by neutral loss of 33 Da in peptides containing a cysteine residue. Analysis of the infrared ion spectra confirms that these z• -ions expel a thiol radical (SH• ) and that a vinyl C═C group is formed at the cleavage site. z• -type fragments containing a Cys residue but not at the cleavage site do not spontaneously expel a thiol radical, but only upon additional collisional activation after ETD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne J. M. Kempkes
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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5
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Alata I, Pérez-Mellor A, Ben Nasr F, Scuderi D, Steinmetz V, Gobert F, Jaïdane NE, Zehnacker-Rentien A. Does the Residues Chirality Modify the Conformation of a Cyclo-Dipeptide? Vibrational Spectroscopy of Protonated Cyclo-diphenylalanine in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7130-7138. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alata
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ariel Pérez-Mellor
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Feriel Ben Nasr
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia
| | - Debora Scuderi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS, UMR8000, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS, UMR8000, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Fabrice Gobert
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique, CNRS, UMR8000, Univ. Paris-Sud, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - Nejm-Eddine Jaïdane
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Atomique Moléculaire et Applications, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1060, Tunisia
| | - Anne Zehnacker-Rentien
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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6
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Nguyen HTH, Tureček F. Near-UV Photodissociation of Tryptic Peptide Cation Radicals. Scope and Effects of Amino Acid Residues and Radical Sites. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:1333-1344. [PMID: 28155086 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide cation-radical fragment ions of the z-type, [●AXAR+], [●AXAK+], and [●XAR+], where X = A, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, M, N, P, Y, and W, were generated by electron transfer dissociation of peptide dications and investigated by MS3-near-ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) at 355 nm. Laser-pulse dependence measurements indicated that the ion populations were homogeneous for most X residues except phenylalanine. UVPD resulted in dissociations of backbone CO─NH bonds that were accompanied by hydrogen atom transfer, producing fragment ions of the [yn]+ type. Compared with collision-induced dissociation, UVPD yielded less side-chain dissociations even for residues that are sensitive to radical-induced side-chain bond cleavages. The backbone dissociations are triggered by transitions to second (B) excited electronic states in the peptide ion R-CH●-CONH- chromophores that are resonant with the 355-nm photon energy. Electron promotion increases the polarity of the B excited states, R-CH+-C●(O-)NH-, and steers the reaction to proceed by transfer of protons from proximate acidic Cα and amide nitrogen positions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong T H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA
| | - František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box 351700, Seattle, WA, 98195-1700, USA.
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7
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Nguyen HTH, Andrikopoulos PC, Bím D, Rulíšek L, Dang A, Tureček F. Radical Reactions Affecting Polar Groups in Threonine Peptide Ions. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:6557-6569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huong T. H. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Prokopis C. Andrikopoulos
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bím
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andy Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - František Tureček
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Bagley Hall, Box
351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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8
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Mu X, Song T, Siu CK, Chu IK. Tautomerization and Dissociation of Molecular Peptide Radical Cations. CHEM REC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Mu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ivan K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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9
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Jang I, Lee SY, Hwangbo S, Kang D, Lee H, Kim HI, Moon B, Oh HB. TEMPO-Assisted Free Radical-Initiated Peptide Sequencing Mass Spectrometry (FRIPS MS) in Q-TOF and Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers: Single-Step Peptide Backbone Dissociations in Positive Ion Mode. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:154-163. [PMID: 27686973 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that one-step peptide backbone fragmentations can be achieved using the TEMPO [2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl)]-assisted free radical-initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS) mass spectrometry in a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer and a Q-Exactive Orbitrap instrument in positive ion mode, in contrast to two-step peptide fragmentation in an ion-trap mass spectrometer (reference Anal. Chem. 85, 7044-7051 (30)). In the hybrid Q-TOF and Q-Exactive instruments, higher collisional energies can be applied to the target peptides, compared with the low collisional energies applied by the ion-trap instrument. The higher energy deposition and the additional multiple collisions in the collision cell in both instruments appear to result in one-step peptide backbone dissociations in positive ion mode. This new finding clearly demonstrates that the TEMPO-assisted FRIPS approach is a very useful tool in peptide mass spectrometry research. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inae Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Song Hwangbo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Hookeun Lee
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Bongjin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea.
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10
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Osburn S, Chan B, Ryzhov V, Radom L, O'Hair RAJ. Role of Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Thiyl Radicals: A Mass Spectrometric and Computational Study Using the Distonic Radical Ion Approach. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8184-8189. [PMID: 27726360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and computational quantum chemistry investigations of the gas-phase ion-molecule reactions between the distonic ions +H3N(CH2)nS• (n = 2-4) and the reagents dimethyl disulfide, allyl bromide, and allyl iodide demonstrate that intramolecular hydrogen bonding can modulate the reactivity of thiyl radicals. Thus, the 3-ammonium-1-propanethiyl radical (n = 3) exhibits the lowest reactivity of these distonic ions toward all substrates. Theoretical calculations on this distonic ion highlight that its most stable conformation involves a six-membered ring configuration, and that it has the strongest intramolecular hydrogen bond. In addition, the calculations indicate that the barrier heights for radical abstraction by this hydrogen-bond-stabilized 3-ammonium-1-propanethiyl radical are the highest among the systems examined, consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University , Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical studies, Northern Illinois University , Dekalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Leo Radom
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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11
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Butler M, Michael Siu KW, Hopkinson AC. Transnitrosylation products of the dipeptide cysteinyl-cysteine: an examination by tandem mass spectrometry and density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6047-52. [PMID: 26841083 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp08014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fragmentation pathways of protonated mono- and di-nitrosylated derivatives from the dipeptide Cys-Cys obtained by electrospray were examined. Protonated mononitrosylated dipeptide upon loss of ˙NO formed a radical cation, which in turn shows two fragment ions, one from the loss of HS˙ and the other from a neutral loss giving a radical cation of formula C2H5NS˙(+). Protonated dinitrosylated dipeptide dissociated by losing both ˙NO molecules, forming a cyclic structure with a vicinal disulfide bridge whose major dissociation channel was the loss of CO. After CO loss, two pathways were observed (loss of NH3 and C2H3NS) which were preceded by proton exchange occurring between one β-carbon and the nitrogen atom. DFT calculations did not show significant differences in the energies involved for the loss of the NO radical from either of the cysteine residues of the protonated di-nitrosylated dipeptide. Upon loss of the first NO radical, the thiyl radical afforded the vicinal disulfide product with a small barrier through radical substitution of the remaining NO moiety. The calculated relative energy barriers for the different channels are in good agreement with experimental observations. Structures of the ions obtained after dissociation are suggested on the basis of the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Butler
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
| | - K W Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Alan C Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
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12
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Lesslie M, Lau JKC, Lawler JT, Siu KWM, Steinmetz V, Maître P, Hopkinson AC, Ryzhov V. Cysteine Radical/Metal Ion Adducts: A Gas-Phase Structural Elucidation and Reactivity Study. Chempluschem 2016; 81:444-452. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lesslie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - Justin Kai-Chi Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - John T. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Vincent Steinmetz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique; Université Paris-Sud; UMR8000 CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique; Université Paris-Sud; UMR8000 CNRS; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
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13
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Lesslie M, Lau JKC, Lawler JT, Siu KWM, Oomens J, Berden G, Hopkinson AC, Ryzhov V. Alkali-Metal-Ion-Assisted Hydrogen Atom Transfer in the Homocysteine Radical. Chemistry 2016; 22:2243-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lesslie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - Justin Kai-Chi Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - John T. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Windsor; Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory; Radboud University; Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory; Radboud University; Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Northern Illinois University; DeKalb IL 60115 USA
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14
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Oh HB, Moon B. Radical-driven peptide backbone dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:116-132. [PMID: 24863492 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a number of novel tandem mass spectrometry approaches utilizing radical-driven peptide gas-phase fragmentation chemistry have been developed. These approaches show a peptide fragmentation pattern quite different from that of collision-induced dissociation (CID). The peptide fragmentation features of these approaches share some in common with electron capture dissociation (ECD) or electron transfer dissociation (ETD) without the use of sophisticated equipment such as a Fourier-transform mass spectrometer. For example, Siu and coworkers showed that CID of transition metal (ligand)-peptide ternary complexes led to the formation of peptide radical ions through dissociative electron transfer (Chu et al., 2000. J Phys Chem B 104:3393-3397). The subsequent collisional activation of the generated radical ions resulted in a number of characteristic product ions, including a, c, x, z-type fragments and notable side-chain losses. Another example is the free radical initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS) approach, in which Porter et al. and Beauchamp et al. independently introduced a free radical initiator to the primary amine group of the lysine side chain or N-terminus of peptides (Masterson et al., 2004. J Am Chem Soc 126:720-721; Hodyss et al., 2005 J Am Chem Soc 127: 12436-12437). Photodetachment of gaseous multiply charged peptide anions (Joly et al., 2008. J Am Chem Soc 130:13832-13833) and UV photodissociation of photolabile radical precursors including a C-I bond (Ly & Julian, 2008. J Am Chem Soc 130:351-358; Ly & Julian, 2009. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 20:1148-1158) also provide another route to generate radical ions. In this review, we provide a brief summary of recent results obtained through the radical-driven peptide backbone dissociation tandem mass spectrometry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Republic of Korea
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15
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Feketeová L, Chan B, Khairallah GN, Steinmetz V, Maître P, Radom L, O'Hair RAJ. Gas-phase structure and reactivity of the keto tautomer of the deoxyguanosine radical cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25837-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase IR spectroscopy, ion–molecule reactions, collision-induced dissociation and computational chemistry in combination form a powerful tool to gain insights into the structure of one-electron oxidised guanine in DNA and its resultant chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feketeová
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Bun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Australia
- School of Chemistry
- University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - George N. Khairallah
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | | | - Philippe Maître
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- Université Paris Sud
- Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Leo Radom
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Australia
- School of Chemistry
- University of Sydney
- Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology
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16
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Haya L, Mainar AM, Pardo JI, Urieta JS. A new generation of cysteine derivatives with three active antioxidant centers: improving reactivity and stability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1409-14. [PMID: 24296833 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antioxidants with enhanced activity constitutes a very active research field as it can contribute to the improvement of human health. Although the antioxidant activity occurs through different mechanisms, usually most of the antioxidant molecules present a unique active center which is able to react following a specific way. To overcome this weakness and in the belief that the coupling of different antioxidant groups is a good strategy to obtain multipotent antioxidants, the effect of introducing different N-protective groups on the cysteine core is evaluated by using DFT. As a result, in this work we present a multicenter antioxidant, N-(9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)cysteine methyl ester 8, able to fight efficiently through different mechanisms against free radicals independently of their nature. This antioxidant appears to be the first one of a promising new class of multipotent antioxidants with three operative centers: C(α) that is a good hydrogen donor, the Fmoc group that is a good electron donor and the all-around thiol group. Besides, its neutral radical shows a high stability due to the captodative effect in such a way that the subsequent toxic effects would be avoided. Then, its experimental radical-trapping antioxidant activity postulates compound 8 as a prototype of antioxidants more versatile and efficient than N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid or Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Haya
- Aragon Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Lin Z, Tan L, Garimella S, Li L, Chen TC, Xu W, Xia Y, Ouyang Z. Characterization of a DAPI-RIT-DAPI system for gas-phase ion/molecule and ion/ion reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:48-56. [PMID: 24150848 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) has been developed as a facile means for efficiently introducing ions generated at atmospheric pressure to an ion trap in vacuum [e.g., a rectilinear ion trap (RIT)] for mass analysis. Introduction of multiple beams of ions or neutral species through two DAPIs into a single RIT has been previously demonstrated. In this study, a home-built instrument with a DAPI-RIT-DAPI configuration has been characterized for the study of gas-phase ion/molecule and ion/ion reactions. The reaction species, including ions or neutrals, can be introduced from both ends of the RIT through the two DAPIs without complicated ion optics or differential pumping stages. The primary reactant ions were isolated prior to reaction and the product ions were mass analyzed after controlled reaction time period. Ion/molecule reactions involving peptide radical ions and proton-transfer ion/ion reactions have been carried out using this instrument. The gas dynamic effect due to the DAPI operation on internal energy deposition and the reactivity of peptide radical ions has been characterized. The DAPI-RIT-DAPI system also has a unique feature for allowing the ion reactions to be carried out at significantly elevated pressures (in 10(-1) Torr range), which has been found to be helpful to speed up the reactions. The viability and flexibility of the DAPI-RIT-DAPI system for the study of gas-phase ion reactions have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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18
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Piatkivskyi A, Pyatkivskyy Y, Ryzhov V. Evaluation of various silicon-and boron-containing compounds for the detection of phosphorylation in peptides via gas-phase ion-molecule reactions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2014; 20:337-344. [PMID: 25420346 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions [IMR] of various boron- and silicon-containing neutrals were investigated as a potential route for detecting phosphorylation within peptides in the negative ion mode. Trimethyl borate (TMB), triethyl borate (TEB) and N,O- Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (TMSA), unlike diethylmethoxyborane (DEMB), diisopropoxymethylborane [DiPMB] and chlorotrimethylsi- Lane (TMSCIL], reacted differently if a phosphate moiety was present and thus are suitable to detect phosphorylation. During multistage collision-induced dissociation experiments of the reaction products of IMR with TMB and TEB, the [LSsF - 4H + B]- ion formed a modified y2 fragment allowing the phosphorylation site to be assigned, unlike reaction products of DEMB and DiPMB which lost both the phos- phoric acid and the boron-containing moiety.
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19
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Osburn S, O'Hair RAJ. Unleashing radical sites in non-covalent complexes: the case of the protonated S-nitrosocysteine/18-crown-6 complex. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2783-2788. [PMID: 24214864 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Introducing radicals onto gas-phase non-covalent complexes and studying their chemistry is a relatively unexplored frontier. In generating these radicals via bond homolysis reactions, it is important that the energy necessary for forming the radical does not exceed the energy required for dissociating the complex itself. Based on this consideration, new approaches for creating these radicals will probably have to involve incorporation of weak bonds that can easily undergo homolysis. METHODS The formation of a radical cation, via collision-induced dissociation, of protonated S-nitrosocysteine non-covalently bound to the crown ether 18-crown-6 is described here. The radical cation of this complex was isolated and subjected to collisional activation and ion-molecule reactions with allyl iodide. The results were compared with those of the radical cation of 'bare' cysteine. RESULTS Collisional activation of the radical cation of the cysteine/crown complex led to fragmentation of cysteine as well as of the crown ether. Ion-molecule reactions of the radical cation of the complex with allyl iodide led to products arising from I and allyl abstraction. Isolation and CID of the former product ion led to the loss of iodocysteine. CONCLUSIONS Cleavage of the weak S-NO bond has allowed the formation of a radical site onto a non-covalent complex. Ion-molecule reactions and collisional activation were utilized to probe the chemistry of this radical cation. The approach adopted here for incorporating a radical onto a cysteine/crown complex shows promise for the introduction of radical sites onto other biological non-covalent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, Bagley Hall, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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21
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Osburn S, Berden G, Oomens J, Gulyuz K, Polfer NC, O'Hair RAJ, Ryzhov V. Structure and Reactivity of the Glutathione Radical Cation: Radical Rearrangement from the Cysteine Sulfur to the Glutamic Acid α-Carbon Atom. Chempluschem 2013; 78:970-978. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Love CB, Tan L, Francisco JS, Xia Y. Competition of Charge- versus Radical-Directed Fragmentation of Gas-Phase Protonated Cysteine Sulfinyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:6226-33. [PMID: 23527556 DOI: 10.1021/ja4008744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chasity B. Love
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084,
United States
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23
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Piatkivskyi A, Osburn S, Jaderberg K, Grzetic J, Steill JD, Oomens J, Zhao J, Lau JKC, Verkerk UH, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM, Ryzhov V. Structure and reactivity of the distonic and aromatic radical cations of tryptophan. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:513-523. [PMID: 23512424 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we regiospecifically generate and compare the gas-phase properties of two isomeric forms of tryptophan radical cations-a distonic indolyl N-radical (H3N(+) - TrpN(•)) and a canonical aromatic π (Trp(•+)) radical cation. The distonic radical cation was generated by nitrosylating the indole nitrogen of tryptophan in solution followed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the resulting protonated N-nitroso tryptophan. The π-radical cation was produced via CID of the ternary [Cu(II)(terpy)(Trp)](•2+) complex. CID spectra of the two isomeric species were found to be very different, suggesting no interconversion between the isomers. In gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, the distonic radical cation was unreactive towards n-propylsulfide, whereas the π radical cation reacted by hydrogen atom abstraction. DFT calculations revealed that the distonic indolyl radical cation is about 82 kJ/mol higher in energy than the π radical cation of tryptophan. The low reactivity of the distonic nitrogen radical cation was explained by spin delocalization of the radical over the aromatic ring and the remote, localized charge (at the amino nitrogen). The lack of interconversion between the isomers under both trapping and CID conditions was explained by the high rearrangement barrier of ca.137 kJ/mol. Finally, the two isomers were characterized by infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy in the ~1000-1800 cm(-1) region. It was found that some of the main experimental IR features overlap between the two species, making their distinction by IRMPD spectroscopy in this region problematic. In addition, DFT theoretical calculations showed that the IR spectra are strongly conformation-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Piatkivskyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
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24
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Tan L, Xia Y. Gas-phase reactivity of peptide thiyl (RS•), perthiyl (RSS•), and sulfinyl (RSO•) radical ions formed from atmospheric pressure ion/radical reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:534-542. [PMID: 23354473 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the formation of gas-phase peptide perthiyl (RSS•) and thiyl (RS•) radical ions besides sulfinyl radical (RSO•) ions from atmospheric pressure (AP) ion/radical reactions of peptides containing inter-chain disulfide bonds. The identity of perthiyl radical was verified from characteristic 65 Da (•SSH) loss in collision-induced dissociation (CID). This signature loss was further used to assess the purity of peptide perthiyl radical ions formed from AP ion/radical reactions. Ion/molecule reactions combined with CID were carried out to confirm the formation of thiyl radical. Transmission mode ion/molecule reactions in collision cell (q2) were developed as a fast means to estimate the population of peptide thiyl radical ions. The reactivity of peptide thiyl, perthiyl, and sulfinyl radical ions was evaluated based on ion/molecule reactions toward organic disulfides, allyl iodide, organic thiol, and oxygen, which followed in order of thiyl (RS•) > perthiyl (RSS•) > sulfinyl (RSO•). The gas-phase reactivity of these three types of sulfur-based radicals is consistent with literature reports from solution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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25
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Jones AW, Winn PJ, Cooper HJ. The radical ion chemistry of S-nitrosylated peptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:2063-2074. [PMID: 23055078 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The radical ion chemistry of a suite of S-nitrosopeptides has been investigated. Doubly and triply-protonated ions of peptides NYCGLPGEYWLGNDK, NYCGLPGEYWLGNDR, NYCGLPGERWLGNDR, NACGAPGEKWAGNDK, NYCGLPGEKYLGNDK, NYGLPGCEKWYGNDK and NYGLPGEKWYGCNDK were subjected to electron capture dissociation (ECD), and collision-induced dissociation (CID). The peptide sequences were selected such that the effect of the site of S-nitrosylation, the nature and position of the basic amino acid residues, and the nature of the other amino acid side chains, could be interrogated. The ECD mass spectra were dominated by a peak corresponding to loss of (•)NO from the charge-reduced precursor, which can be explained by a modified Utah-Washington mechanism. Some backbone fragmentation in which the nitrosyl modification was preserved was also observed in the ECD of some peptides. Molecular dynamics simulations of peptide ion structure suggest that the ECD behavior was dependent on the surface accessibility of the protonated residue. CID of the S-nitrosylated peptides resulted in homolysis of the S-N bond to form a long-lived radical with loss of (•)NO. The radical peptide ions were isolated and subjected to ECD and CID. ECD of the radical peptide ions provided an interesting comparison to ECD of the unmodified peptides. The dominant process was electron capture without further dissociation (ECnoD). CID of the radical peptide ions resulted in cysteine, leucine, and asparagine side chain losses, and radical-induced backbone fragmentation at tryptophan, tyrosine, and asparagine residues, in addition to charge-directed backbone fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Jones
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
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27
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Tan L, Xia Y. Gas-phase peptide sulfinyl radical ions: formation and unimolecular dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:2011-2019. [PMID: 22911098 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A variety of peptide sulfinyl radical (RSO•) ions with a well-defined radical site at the cysteine side chain were formed at atmospheric pressure (AP), sampled into a mass spectrometer, and investigated via collision-induced dissociation (CID). The radical ion formation was based on AP reactions between oxidative radicals and peptide ions containing single inter-chain disulfide bond or free thiol group generated from nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). The radical induced reactions allowed large flexibility in forming peptide radical ions independent of ion polarity (protonated or deprotonated) or charge state (singly or multiply charged). More than 20 peptide sulfinyl radical ions in either positive or negative ion mode were subjected to low energy collisional activation on a triple-quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer. The competition between radical- and charge-directed fragmentation pathways was largely affected by the presence of mobile protons. For peptide sulfinyl radical ions with reduced proton mobility (i.e., singly protonated, containing basic amino acid residues), loss of 62 Da (CH(2)SO), a radical-initiated dissociation channel, was dominant. For systems with mobile protons, this channel was suppressed, while charge-directed amide bond cleavages were preferred. The polarity of charge was found to significantly alter the radical-initiated dissociation channels, which might be related to the difference in stability of the product ions in different ion charge polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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28
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Osburn S, Burgie T, Berden G, Oomens J, O’Hair RAJ, Ryzhov V. Structure and Reactivity of Homocysteine Radical Cation in the Gas Phase Studied by Ion–Molecule Reactions and Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1144-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304769y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
| | - Ticia Burgie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
| | - Giel Berden
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,
Australia
- Bio21 Institute
of Molecular
Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115,
United States
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29
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Mozziconacci O, Williams TD, Schöneich C. Intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions of thiyl radicals from glutathione: formation of carbon-centered radical at Glu, Cys, and Gly. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1842-61. [PMID: 22712461 DOI: 10.1021/tx3000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione thiyl radicals (GS(•)) were generated in H(2)O and D(2)O by either exposure of GSH to AAPH, photoirradiation of GSH in the presence of acetone, or photoirradiation of GSSG. Detailed interpretation of the fragmentation pathways of deuterated GSH and GSH derivatives during mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to demonstrate that reversible intramolecular H-atom transfer reactions between GS(•) and C-H bonds at Cys[(α)C], Cys[(β)C], and Gly[(α)C] are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KA 66047, USA
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30
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Osburn S, Berden G, Oomens J, O'Hair RAJ, Ryzhov V. S-to-αC radical migration in the radical cations of Gly-Cys and Cys-Gly. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1019-1023. [PMID: 22371052 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The radical cations of Cys-Gly and Gly-Cys were studied using ion-molecule reactions (IMR), infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Homolytic cleavage of the S-NO bond of nitrosylated precursors generated radical cations with the radical site initially located on the sulfur atom. Time-resolved ion-molecule reactions showed that radical site migration via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) occurred much more quickly in Gly-Cys(•+) than in Cys-Gly(•+). IRMPD and DFT calculations indicated that for Gly-Cys, the radical migrated from the sulfur atom to the α-carbon of glycine, which is lower in energy than the sulfur radical (-53.5 kJ/mol). This migration does not occur for Cys-Gly because the glycine α-carbon is higher in energy than the sulfur radical (10.3 kJ/mol). DFT calculations showed that the highest energy barriers for rearrangement are 68.2 kJ/mol for Gly-Cys and 133.8 kJ/mol for Cys-Gly, which is in agreement with both the IMR and IRMPD data and explains the HAT in Gly-Cys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Osburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
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31
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Nauser T, Koppenol WH, Schöneich C. Reversible hydrogen transfer reactions in thiyl radicals from cysteine and related molecules: absolute kinetics and equilibrium constants determined by pulse radiolysis. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:5329-41. [PMID: 22483034 PMCID: PMC3736814 DOI: 10.1021/jp210954v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mercapto group of cysteine (Cys) is a predominant target for oxidative modification, where one-electron oxidation leads to the formation of Cys thiyl radicals, CysS(•). These Cys thiyl radicals enter 1,2- and 1,3-hydrogen transfer reactions, for which rate constants are reported in this paper. The products of these 1,2- and 1,3-hydrogen transfer reactions are carbon-centered radicals at position C(3) (α-mercaptoalkyl radicals) and C(2) ((•)C(α) radicals) of Cys, respectively. Both processes can be monitored separately in Cys analogues such as cysteamine (CyaSH) and penicillamine (PenSH). At acidic pH, thiyl radicals from CyaSH permit only the 1,2-hydrogen transfer according to equilibrium 12, (+)H(3)NCH(2)CH(2)S(• )⇌ (+)H(3)NCH(2)(•)CH-SH, where rate constants for forward and reverse reaction are k(12) ≈ 10(5) s(-1) and k(-12) ≈ 1.5 × 10(5)s(-1), respectively. In contrast, only the 1,3-hydrogen transfer is possible for thiyl radicals from PenSH according to equilibrium 14, ((+)H(3)N/CO(2)H)C(α)-C(CH(3))(2)-S(•) ⇌ ((+)H(3)N/CO(2)H)(•)C(α)-C(CH(3))(2)-SH, where rate constants for the forward and the reverse reaction are k(14) = 8 × 10(4) s(-1) and k(-14) = 1.4 × 10(6) s(-1). The (•)C(α) radicals from PenSH and Cys have the additional opportunity for β-elimination of HS(•)/S(•-), which proceeds with k(39) ≈ (3 ± 1) × 10(4) s(-1) from (•)C(α) radicals from PenSH and k(-34) ≈ 5 × 10(3) s(-1) from (•)C(α) radicals from Cys. The rate constants quantified for the 1,2- and 1,3-hydrogen transfer reactions can be used as a basis to calculate similar processes for Cys thiyl radicals in proteins, where hydrogen transfer reactions, followed by the addition of oxygen, may lead to the irreversible modification of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Leavitt CM, Wolk AB, Fournier JA, Kamrath MZ, Garand E, Van Stipdonk MJ, Johnson MA. Isomer-Specific IR-IR Double Resonance Spectroscopy of D2-Tagged Protonated Dipeptides Prepared in a Cryogenic Ion Trap. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1099-105. [PMID: 26288043 DOI: 10.1021/jz3003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isomer-specific vibrational predissociation spectra are reported for the gas-phase GlySarH(+) and SarSarH(+) [Gly = glycine; Sar = sarcosine] ions prepared by electrospray ionization and tagged with weakly bound D2 adducts using a cryogenic ion trap. The contributions of individual isomers to the overlapping vibrational band patterns are completely isolated using a pump-probe photochemical hole-burning scheme involving two tunable infrared lasers and two stages of mass selection (hence IR(2)MS(2)). These patterns are then assigned by comparison with harmonic (MP2/6-311+G(d,p)) spectra for various possible conformers. Both systems occur in two conformations based on cis and trans configurations with respect to the amide bond. In addition to the usual single intramolecular hydrogen bond motif between the protonated amine and the nearby amide oxygen atom, cis-SarSarH(+) adopts a previous unreported conformation in which both amino NH's act as H-bond donors. The correlated red shifts in the NH donor and C═O acceptor components of the NH···O═C linkage to the acid group are unambiguously assigned in the double H-bonded conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Leavitt
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Arron B Wolk
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joseph A Fournier
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael Z Kamrath
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Etienne Garand
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Michael J Van Stipdonk
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Lawrence University, 711 East Boldt Way, Appleton, Wisconsin 54911, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Cole SR, Ma X, Zhang X, Xia Y. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) of peptides containing intrachain disulfide bonds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:310-320. [PMID: 22161508 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation chemistry of peptides containing intrachain disulfide bonds was investigated under electron transfer dissociation (ETD) conditions. Fragments within the cyclic region of the peptide backbone due to intrachain disulfide bond formation were observed, including: c (odd electron), z (even electron), c-33 Da, z+33 Da, c+32 Da, and z-32 Da types of ions. The presence of these ions indicated cleavages both at the disulfide bond and the N-Cα backbone from a single electron transfer event. Mechanistic studies supported a mechanism whereby the N-Cα bond was cleaved first, and radical-driven reactions caused cleavage at either an S-S bond or an S-C bond within cysteinyl residues. Direct ETD at the disulfide linkage was also observed, correlating with signature loss of 33 Da (SH) from the charge-reduced peptide ions. Initial ETD cleavage at the disulfide bond was found to be promoted amongst peptides ions of lower charge states, while backbone fragmentation was more abundant for higher charge states. The capability of inducing both backbone and disulfide bond cleavages from ETD could be particularly useful for sequencing peptides containing intact intrachain disulfide bonds. ETD of the 13 peptides studied herein all showed substantial sequence coverage, accounting for 75%-100% of possible backbone fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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