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Szabó D, Gömöry Á, Ludányi K, Vékey K, Drahos L. Very Low-Pressure CID Experiments: High Energy Transfer and Fragmentation Pattern at the Single Collision Regime. Molecules 2023; 29:211. [PMID: 38202794 PMCID: PMC10780993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We have performed CID experiments on a triple quadrupole instrument, lowering the collision gas pressure by 50 times compared to its conventional value. The results show that at very low-collision gas pressure, single collisions dominate the spectra. Indirectly, these results suggest that under conventional conditions, 20-50 collisions may be typical in CID experiments. The results show a marked difference between low- and high-pressure CID spectra, the latter being characterized in terms of 'slow heating' and predominance of consecutive reactions. The results indicate that under single collision conditions, the collisional energy transfer efficiency is very high: nearly 100% of the center of mass kinetic energy is converted to internal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szabó
- MS Proteomics Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary (Á.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Ágnes Gömöry
- MS Proteomics Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary (Á.G.); (K.V.)
| | - Krisztina Ludányi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre 7–9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Károly Vékey
- MS Proteomics Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary (Á.G.); (K.V.)
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary (Á.G.); (K.V.)
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2
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Kaya I, Schembri LS, Nilsson A, Shariatgorji R, Baijnath S, Zhang X, Bezard E, Svenningsson P, Odell LR, Andrén PE. On-Tissue Chemical Derivatization for Comprehensive Mapping of Brain Carboxyl and Aldehyde Metabolites by MALDI-MS Imaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:836-846. [PMID: 37052344 PMCID: PMC10161219 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of small metabolites by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging in brain tissue sections is challenging due to low detection sensitivity and high background interference. We present an on-tissue chemical derivatization MALDI mass spectrometry imaging approach for the comprehensive mapping of carboxyls and aldehydes in brain tissue sections. In this approach, the AMPP (1-(4-(aminomethyl)phenyl)pyridin-1-ium chloride) derivatization reagent is used for the covalent charge-tagging of molecules containing carboxylic acid (in the presence of peptide coupling reagents) and aldehydes. This includes free fatty acids and the associated metabolites, fatty aldehydes, dipeptides, neurotoxic reactive aldehydes, amino acids, neurotransmitters and associated metabolites, as well as tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. We performed sensitive ultrahigh mass resolution MALDI-MS detection and imaging of various carboxyl- and aldehyde-containing endogenous metabolites simultaneously in rodent brain tissue sections. We verified the AMPP-derivatized metabolites by tandem MS for structural elucidation. This approach allowed us to image numerous aldehydes and carboxyls, including certain metabolites which had been undetectable in brain tissue sections. We also demonstrated the application of on-tissue derivatization to carboxyls and aldehydes in coronal brain tissue sections of a nonhuman primate Parkinson's disease model. Our methodology provides a powerful tool for the sensitive, simultaneous spatial molecular imaging of numerous aldehydes and carboxylic acids during pathological states, including neurodegeneration, in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Kaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Reza Shariatgorji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sooraj Baijnath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Chen C, Li R, Wu H. Recent progress in the analysis of unsaturated fatty acids in biological samples by chemical derivatization-based chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1215:123572. [PMID: 36565575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are essential fatty acids that execute various biological functions in the human body. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of UFAs in biological samples can help to clarify their roles in the occurrence and development of diseases, so to reveal the mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential drug intervention strategies. Chromatography-mass spectrometry is one of the most commonly used techniques for the analysis of UFAs in biological samples. However, due to factors such as the complex structural information of UFAs (the number and specific location of CC double bonds) and the low concentration of UFAs in biological samples, it is still difficult to conduct accurate qualitative and/or quantitative studies of UFAs in complex biological samples. In recent years, the integration and application of chemical derivatization and chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used in the detection of UFAs. Based on this overview, we reviewed recent developments and application progress for chemical derivatization-based chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of UFAs in biological samples over the past ten years. Potential trends for the design and improvement of novel derivatization reagents were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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4
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Frankfater C, Fujiwara H, Williams SJ, Minnaard A, Hsu FF. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycolic Acids by Multiple-Stage Linear Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:149-159. [PMID: 34842433 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cells are known to synthesize very long chain (C60-90) structurally complex mycolic acids with various functional groups. In this study, we applied linear ion-trap (LIT) multiple-stage mass spectrometry (MSn), combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry to study the mechanisms underlying the fragmentation processes of mycolic acid standards desorbed as lithiated adduct ions by ESI. This is followed by structural characterization of a Mtb mycolic acid family (Bovine strain). Using the insight fragmentation processes gained from the study, we are able to achieve a near complete characterization of the whole mycolic acid family, revealing the identity of the α-alkyl chain, the location of the functional groups including methyl, methoxy, and keto groups along the meroaldehyde chain in each lipid species. This study showcased the power of LIT MSn toward structural determination of complex lipids in a mixture, which would be otherwise very difficult to define using other analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Frankfater
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 United States
| | - Hideji Fujiwara
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 United States
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adriaan Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 United States
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5
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Köfeler HC, Ahrends R, Baker ES, Ekroos K, Han X, Hoffmann N, Holčapek M, Wenk MR, Liebisch G. Recommendations for good practice in MS-based lipidomics. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100138. [PMID: 34662536 PMCID: PMC8585648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 2 decades, lipidomics has become one of the fastest expanding scientific disciplines in biomedical research. With an increasing number of new research groups to the field, it is even more important to design guidelines for assuring high standards of data quality. The Lipidomics Standards Initiative is a community-based endeavor for the coordination of development of these best practice guidelines in lipidomics and is embedded within the International Lipidomics Society. It is the intention of this review to highlight the most quality-relevant aspects of the lipidomics workflow, including preanalytics, sample preparation, MS, and lipid species identification and quantitation. Furthermore, this review just does not only highlights examples of best practice but also sheds light on strengths, drawbacks, and pitfalls in the lipidomic analysis workflow. While this review is neither designed to be a step-by-step protocol by itself nor dedicated to a specific application of lipidomics, it should nevertheless provide the interested reader with links and original publications to obtain a comprehensive overview concerning the state-of-the-art practices in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald C Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., Esbo, Finland
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Inst Longev & Aging Studies, Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nils Hoffmann
- Center for Biotechnology, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michal Holčapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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6
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS. Options of the Main Derivatization Approaches for Analytical ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1287-1342. [PMID: 33557614 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1873100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of preliminary chemical labeling (derivatization) in the analysis process by such powerful and widespread methods as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a popular and widely used methodological approach. This is due to the need to remove some fundamental limitations inherent in these powerful analytic methods. Although a number of special reviews has been published discussing the utilization of derivatization approaches, the purpose of the present critical review is to comprehensively summarize, characterize and evaluate most of the previously developed and practically applied, as well as recently proposed representative derivatization reagents for ESI-MS and MALDI-MS platforms in their mostly sensitive positive ion mode and frequently hyphenated with separation techniques. The review is focused on the use of preliminary chemical labeling to facilitate the detection, identification, structure elucidation, quantification, profiling or MS imaging of compounds within complex matrices. Two main derivatization approaches, namely the introduction of permanent charge-fixed or highly proton affinitive residues into analytes are critically evaluated. In situ charge-generation, charge-switch and charge-transfer derivatizations are considered separately. The potential of using reactive matrices in MALDI-MS and chemical labeling in MS-based omics sciences is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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7
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Purdy GE, Hsu FF. Complete Characterization of Polyacyltrehaloses from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv Biofilm Cultures by Multiple-Stage Linear Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometry Reveals a New Tetraacyltrehalose Family. Biochemistry 2021; 60:381-397. [PMID: 33491458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyacylated trehaloses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis play important roles in pathogenesis and structural roles in the cell envelope, promoting the intracellular survival of the bacterium, and are potential targets for drug development. Herein, we describe a linear ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometric approach (LIT MSn) with high-resolution mass spectrometry to the structural characterization of a glycolipid family that includes a 2,3-diacyltrehalose, 2,3,6-triacyltrehalose, 2,3,6,2',4'-petaacyltrehalose, and a novel 2,3,6,2'-tetraacyltrehalose (TetraAT) subfamily isolated from biofilm cultures of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The LIT MSn spectra (n = 2, 3, or 4) provide structural information to unveil the location of the palmitoyl/stearoyl and one to four multiple methyl-branched fatty acyl substituents attached to the trehalose backbone, leading to the identification of hundreds of glycolipid species with many isomeric structures. We identified a new TetraAT subfamily whose structure has not been previously defined. We also developed a strategy for defining the structures of the multiple methyl-branched fatty acid substituents, leading to the identification of mycosanoic acid, mycolipenic acid, mycolipodienoic acid, mycolipanolic acid, and a new cyclopropyl-containing acid. The observation of the new TetraAT family, and the realization of the structural similarity between the various subfamilies, may have significant implications in the biosynthetic pathways of this glycolipid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana E Purdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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8
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Lipidomics Using Charge-Switch Derivatization for Analysis of Complex Long-Chain Fatty Acids. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:93-103. [PMID: 33954942 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Charge-switch derivatization to convert long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) to their N-(4-aminomethylphenyl) pyridinium (AMPP) derivatives (FA-AMPP derivative) drastically increases their sensitivity (>102) detected by electrospray ionization (ESI) or matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). Lipidomic analyses of the FA-AMPP derivatives by ESI combined with CID tandem mass spectrometry (MS2), or by MALDI-TOF/TOF affords unambiguous structural characterization of LCFAs, including many unusual microbial LCFAs that contain various functional groups such as methyl, hydroxyl, cyclopropyl, and double bond(s). The ease of preparation of the FA-AMPP derivatives, the tremendous gain in sensitivity after derivatization, and more importantly, the readily recognizable product ion spectra that contain rich structurally informative fragment ions for locating functional groups make this method one of the most powerful techniques for LCFA identification and quantification.
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, MS-based lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool to study lipids in biological systems. This success is driven by the constant demand for complete and reliable data. The improvement of MS-based lipidomics will continue to be dependent on the advances in the technology of mass spectrometry and related techniques including separation and bioinformatics, and more importantly, on gaining insight into the knowledge of lipid chemistry essential to develop methodology for lipid analysis. It is hoped that the protocols in this book, collected from experts in their fields, can offer the beginner and the advanced user alike, useful tips toward successful lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Hellhake S, Meckelmann SW, Empl MT, Rentmeister K, Wißdorf W, Steinberg P, Schmitz OJ, Benter T, Schebb NH. Non-targeted and targeted analysis of oxylipins in combination with charge-switch derivatization by ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5743-5757. [PMID: 32699965 PMCID: PMC7413910 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and other oxylipins play an important role in mediating inflammation as well as other biological processes. For the investigation of their biological role(s), comprehensive analytical methods are necessary, which are able to provide reliable identification and quantification of these compounds in biological matrices. Using charge-switch derivatization with AMPP (N-(4-aminomethylphenyl)pyridinium chloride) in combination with liquid chromatography ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IM-QTOF-MS), we developed a non-target approach to analyze oxylipins in plasma, serum, and cells. The developed workflow makes use of an ion mobility resolved fragmentation to pinpoint derivatized molecules based on the cleavage of AMPP, which yields two specific fragment ions. This allows a reliable identification of known and unknown eicosanoids and other oxylipins. We characterized the workflow using 52 different oxylipins and investigated their fragmentation patterns and ion mobilities. Limits of detection ranged between 0.2 and 10.0 nM (1.0-50 pg on column), which is comparable with other state-of-the-art methods using LC triple quadrupole (QqQ) MS. Moreover, we applied this strategy to analyze oxylipins in different biologically relevant matrices, as cultured cells, human plasma, and serum. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hellhake
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry & Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael T Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Rentmeister
- Applied Analytical Chemistry & Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Walter Wißdorf
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry & Teaching and Research Center for Separation, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gauss-Str. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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11
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Wang HYJ, Hsu FF. Revelation of Acyl Double Bond Positions on Fatty Acyl Coenzyme A Esters by MALDI/TOF Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1047-1057. [PMID: 32167298 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acyl coenzyme A esters (FA-CoAs) are important crossroad intermediates in lipid catabolism and anabolism, and the structures are complicated. Several mass spectrometric approaches have been previously described to elucidate their structures. However, a direct mass spectrometric approach toward a complete identification of the molecule, including the location of unsaturated bond(s) in the fatty acid chain has not been reported. In this study, we applied a simple MALDI/TOF mass spectrometric method to a near-complete characterization of long-chain FA-CoAs, including the location(s) of the double bond in the fatty acyl chain, and the common structural features that recognize FA-CoAs. Negative ion mass spectra of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA-CoAs were acquired with a MALDI/TOF mass spectrometer using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix and ionized with a laser fluence two folds of the threshold to induce the in-source fragmentation (ISF) of the analytes. The resulting ISF spectra contained fragment ions arising from specific cleavages of the C-C bond immediate adjacent to the acyl double-bond. This structural feature affords locating the double-bond position(s) of the fatty acyl substituent. Thereby, positional isomer such as 18:3(n - 3) and 18:3(n - 6) FA-CoA can be differentiated without applying tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hay-Yan J Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine Box 8127, 660 S Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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12
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Frankfater C, Henson WR, Juenger-Leif A, Foston M, Moon TS, Turk J, Kao JLF, Haas A, Hsu FF. Structural Determination of a New Peptidolipid Family from Rhodococcus opacus and the Pathogen Rhodococcus equi by Multiple Stage Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:611-623. [PMID: 31967470 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cell walls of the genus Rhodococcus including the pathogenic bacterium Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and biotechnologically important bacterium Rhodococcus opacus (R. opacus) contain an abundant peptidolipid (or termed lipopeptide) family whose structures have not been reported previously. Here, we describe a linear ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometric (LIT MSn) approach with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy, chemical reactions, and GC/MS analysis to define the structures of these compounds. We employed LIT MSn (n = 2-8) on the [M + Na]+ ion species to establish the peptide sequence, the identity of the fatty acyl substituent, and its location within the molecule, while NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS were used to recognize the Leu and Ile moieties. The major new lipopeptide found in R. opacus is defined as C17H35CH(OH)CH2CO-NHLeu-Ser-Leu-Ile-Thr-Ile-PheCOOH, where a β-OH fatty acyl (C18-C22) substituent is attached to the N-terminal of the LSLITIF peptide chain via a NH-CO bond. By contrast, the main peptidolipids found in R. equi belong to the cyclopeptidolipid family, which possesses the same peptide sequence and lipid chain, but the β-OH group of the fatty acyl moiety and the C-terminus of the peptide (i.e., the -COOH) are cyclized by an ester bond formation to a lactone, with a structure similar to iturin-A (Peypoux, F. et al. Biochemistry 1978, 17, 3992-3996). The antibiotic activity test of these new lipids did not reveal an activity against any of seven microorganisms tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra Juenger-Leif
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Strasse 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert Haas
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Strasse 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Poad BLJ, Marshall DL, Harazim E, Gupta R, Narreddula VR, Young RSE, Duchoslav E, Campbell JL, Broadbent JA, Cvačka J, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Combining Charge-Switch Derivatization with Ozone-Induced Dissociation for Fatty Acid Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2135-2143. [PMID: 31347025 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific positions of carbon-carbon double bond(s) within an unsaturated fatty acid exert a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the lipid that ultimately inform its biological function(s). Contemporary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) strategies based on electrospray ionization coupled to tandem MS can easily detect fatty acyl lipids but generally cannot reveal those specific site(s) of unsaturation. Herein, we describe a novel and versatile workflow whereby fatty acids are first converted to fixed charge N-(4-aminomethylphenyl)pyridinium (AMPP) derivatives and subsequently subjected to ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) on a modified triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The AMPP modification enhances the detection of fatty acids introduced by direct infusion. Fragmentation of the derivatized fatty acids also provides diagnostic fragment ions upon collision-induced dissociation that can be targeted in precursor ion scans to subsequently trigger OzID analyses in an automated data-dependent workflow. It is these OzID analyses that provide unambiguous assignment of carbon-carbon double bond locations in the AMPP-derivatized fatty acids. The performance of this analysis pipeline is assessed in profiling the patterns of unsaturation in fatty acids within the complex biological secretion vernix caseosa. This analysis uncovers significant isomeric diversity within the fatty acid pool of this sample, including a number of hitherto unreported double bond positional isomers that hint at the activity of potentially new metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eva Harazim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Venkateswara R Narreddula
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - James A Broadbent
- SCIEX, Concord, ON, Canada
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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14
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Narreddula VR, Boase NR, Ailuri R, Marshall DL, Poad BL, Kelso MJ, Trevitt AJ, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Introduction of a Fixed-Charge, Photolabile Derivative for Enhanced Structural Elucidation of Fatty Acids. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9901-9909. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara R. Narreddula
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Nathan R. Boase
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Ramesh Ailuri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David L. Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Berwyck L.J. Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Kelso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Todd W. Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Blanksby
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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15
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Multiple-stage Precursor Ion Separation and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry toward Structural Characterization of 2,3-Diacyltrehalose Family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based precursor ion isolation, collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation, and detection using linear ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (LIT MSn) in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides a unique tool for structural characterization of complex mixture without chromatographic separation. This approach permits not only separation of various lipid families and their subfamilies, but also stereoisomers, thereby, revealing the structural details. In this report, we describe the LIT MSn approach to unveil the structures of a 2,3-diacyl trehalose (DAT) family isolated from the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in which more than 30 molecular species, and each species consisting of up to six isomeric structures were found. LIT MSn performed on both [M + Na]+ and [M + HCO2]− ions of DAT yield complimentary structural information for near complete characterization of the molecules, including the location of the fatty acyl substituents on the trehalose backbone. This latter information is based on the findings of the differential losses of the two fatty acyl chains in the MS2 and MS3 spectra; while the product ion spectra from higher stage LIT MSn permit confirmation of the structural assignment.
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16
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Leopold J, Popkova Y, Engel KM, Schiller J. Recent Developments of Useful MALDI Matrices for the Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Lipids. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040173. [PMID: 30551655 PMCID: PMC6316665 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is one of the most successful “soft” ionization methods in the field of mass spectrometry and enables the analysis of a broad range of molecules, including lipids. Although the details of the ionization process are still unknown, the importance of the matrix is commonly accepted. Both, the development of and the search for useful matrices was, and still is, an empirical process, since properties like vacuum stability, high absorption at the laser wavelength, etc. have to be fulfilled by a compound to become a useful matrix. This review provides a survey of successfully used MALDI matrices for the lipid analyses of complex biological samples. The advantages and drawbacks of the established organic matrix molecules (cinnamic or benzoic acid derivatives), liquid crystalline matrices, and mixtures of common matrices will be discussed. Furthermore, we will deal with nanocrystalline matrices, which are most suitable to analyze small molecules, such as free fatty acids. It will be shown that the analysis of mixtures and the quantitative analysis of small molecules can be easily performed if the matrix is carefully selected. Finally, some basic principles of how useful matrix compounds can be “designed” de novo will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Leopold
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16/18, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16/18, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kathrin M Engel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16/18, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Härtelstr. 16/18, Leipzig University, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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17
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Hsu FF. Mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics - a critical review from the technical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6387-6409. [PMID: 30094786 PMCID: PMC6195124 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mass spectrometry (MS)-based "shotgun lipidomics" has emerged as a powerful tool for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the complex lipids in the biological system. The aim of this critical review is to give the interested reader a concise overview of the current state of the technology, focused on lipidomic analysis by mass spectrometry. The pros and cons, and pitfalls associated with each available "shotgun lipidomics" method are discussed; and the new strategies for improving the current methods are described. A list of important papers and reviews that are sufficient rather than comprehensive, covering all the aspects of lipidomics including the workflow, methodology, and fundamentals is also compiled for readers to follow. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong-Fu Hsu
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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