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Majumdar S, Negi PS. Extraction of chitin-glucan complex from shiitake (Lentinula edodes) fruiting bodies using natural deep eutectic solvents and its prebiotic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133046. [PMID: 38857726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chitin-glucan complex (CGC) is an emerging novel prebiotic with numerous physiological activities in amelioration of clinical manifestations. In the present work, natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), ultrasonication, and submerged fermentation using probiotic microorganisms were deployed for the extraction of CGC from Shiitake fruiting bodies. CGC obtained through non-ultrasonication assisted fermentation employing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum exhibited maximum polysaccharide yield (27.86 ± 0.82 % w/w). However, based on antioxidant potential, NADES combination of urea: glycerol (1:1 M ratio) was selected for further characterization. The rheological behavior of CGC under optimized conditions showed shear thinning property in both 0.1 M NaCl and salt-free solution. FTIR, 1H-(1D), and 2D 1H1H Homonuclear NMR spectra displayed distinctive patterns associated with β-glycosidic linkage and β-d-glucopyranose sugar moiety. XRD profiles of CGC exhibited characteristic peaks at 2θ = 23°, 25°, and 28° with corresponding hkl values of (220), (101), and (130) lattice planes, respectively. Enhanced radical scavenging activities were noticed due to the triple helical structure and anionic nature of CGC. CGC exhibited potential prebiotic activity (prebiotic score 118-134 %) and short chain fatty acids liberation (maximum 9.99 ± 0.41 mM by Lactobacillus delbrueckii). Simulated static in-vitro digestion demonstrated that CGC withstands acidic environment of gastric phase, which indicated its suitability for use as a prebiotic in nutraceutical-enriched food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayari Majumdar
- Fruit and Vegetables Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Fruit and Vegetables Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India.
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Yang Y, Li M, Sun J, Qin S, Diao T, Bai J, Li Y. Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of polysaccharides from Hippophae rhamnoide L.: Modeling, characterization and hypoglycemic activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127626. [PMID: 37884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are concerned for their high biological activity and low toxicity. Two kinds of polysaccharides were extracted from Hippophae rhamnoide L. by microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase system. Under the optimal conditions predicted by RSM model (K2HPO4/ethanol (18.93 %/28.29 %), liquid to material ratio 77 mL/g, power 625 W and temperature 61 °C), the yield of total polysaccharides reached 35.91 ± 0.76 %. Moreover, the polysaccharides extraction was well fitted to the Weibull model. After purification by Sepharose-6B, the polysaccharides from top phase (PHTP, purity of 81.44 ± 1.25 %) and bottom phase (PHBP, purity of 88.85 ± 1.40 %) were obtained. GC, FT-IR, methylation and NMR analyses confirmed the backbone of PHTP was composed of a repeated unit →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1 → 3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1→, while the repeated unit in PHBP was →3)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→. Compared with PHTP (6.46 × 106 g/mol), PHBP with relatively low molecular weight (8.2 × 105 g/mol) exhibited the smaller particle size, better water-solubility, thermal and rheological property, stronger anti-glycosylation and α-amylase inhibitory effects. Moreover, PHTP and PHBP displayed a reversible inhibition on α-amylase in a competitive manner. This study provides a high-efficient and eco-friendly method for polysaccharides extraction, and lays a foundation for sea buckthorn polysaccharides as potential therapeutic agents in preventing and ameliorating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Qin
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Diao
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Bai
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Ivanova D, Nedialkov P, Tashev A, Kokanova-Nedialkova Z, Olech M, Nowak R, Boyadzhieva S, Angelov G, Yankov D. Anticancer Podophyllotoxin Recovery from Juniper Leaves at Atmospheric and High Pressure Using Eco-Friendly Solvents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1526. [PMID: 37050153 PMCID: PMC10096874 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a precursor for the synthesis of drugs against cancer and other diseases. The present sources of PPT (Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and Podophyllum peltatum) are endangered species, with PPT production highly dependent on their growing conditions. In connection with the identification of new sources of PPT, the present study aimed to recover PPT from Juniperus virginiana leaves via atmospheric or high pressure extraction methods with a focus on using eco-friendly solvents. PPT quantification was determined by UHPLC/HRMS/MS. A thorough study of conventional extraction was carried out to reveal the optimal conditions (solvent ethyl acetate at room temperature and a duration of 1 h) for maximizing the PPT recovery (about 30 mg/g of dry extract and 3 mg/g of dry initial plant material). Peleg's equation was applied for process kinetics modeling. The best PPT content in the final dry extract (42-45 mg/g of dry extract) was obtained by high pressure methods under supercritical (scCO2 with ethanol or ethyl acetate, 30 MPa, 50 °C and 100 min) or accelerated solvent extraction conditions (solvent ethyl acetate, 10.35 MPa, 20 °C and 3 cycles for 15 min). Seasonal stability and storage stability of the raw material were also determined. The present results have potential applications in the pharmacy for the delivery of PPT from juniper leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ivanova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Tashev
- Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Marta Olech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - George Angelov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomir Yankov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mao YP, Song YM, Pan SW, Li N, Wang WX, Feng BB, Zhang JH. Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1068555. [PMID: 36589810 PMCID: PMC9794842 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1068555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism. METHODS A T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT. RESULTS Compared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-po Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-ming Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-wang Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-bin Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
| | - Jian-hai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin-bin Feng, ; Jian-hai Zhang,
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