1
|
Xue Z, Song S, Hu C, Zhao S, Wang J. Risk of Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis in Elderly Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Multicenter Study. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101481. [PMID: 38402803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the risk of sarcopenia and osteoporosis in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We recruited both OSAS patients and non-OSAS subjects from multiple centers and evaluated their skeletal muscle index (SMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and inflammatory factors. All participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) testing, handgrip strength testing, chest CT, and dual-energy x-ray BMD testing. Based on the PSG diagnosis results, the participants were divided into a control group and an OSAS group. The analysis results revealed a higher incidence of sarcopenia in the OSAS group (χ2 = 22.367; P = 0.000) and osteoporosis (χ2 = 11.730a; P = 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in BMI (P = 0.000), grip strength (P = 0.000), SMI (P = 0.000), bone density (P = 0.000) and vitamin D (P = 0.000). The independent sample t test results showed that there was no statistical difference between IL-6 (P = 0.247) and CRP (P = 0.246). Considering the potential impact of body weight on the observed indicators, we employed covariance analysis to calculate the modified P value for each observation indicator. The findings demonstrated that the grip strength, IL-6, and CRP levels in the OSAS group were significantly higher compared to the control group. Conversely, the SMI, bone density, and Vitamin D levels were found to be significantly lower in the OSAS group than in the control group. These results suggest a higher likelihood of sarcopenia and osteoporosis among OSAS patients. Further studies should be conducted in larger study populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Shengguan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Changan Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Shanglong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211200, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang T, Li C, Chen F, Xie D, Yang C, Chen Y, Wang J, Li J, Zheng F. Prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:369. [PMID: 37322416 PMCID: PMC10273636 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome with a concomitant presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. It increases the risk of frailty, falls, fractures, hospitalization, and death. Not only does it burden the lives of older adults, but it also increases the economic burden on health systems around the world. This study aimed to review the prevalence and risk factors of osteosarcopenia to generate important references for clinical work in this area. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, and VIP databases were searched from inception until April 24th, 2022. The quality of studies included in the review was evaluated using the NOS and AHRQ Scale. Pooled effects of the prevalence and associated factors were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Egger's test, Begg's test, and funnel plots were used to test the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to identify the sources of heterogeneity. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS A total of 31 studies involving 15,062 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia ranged from 1.5 to 65.7%, with an overall prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 0.16-0.26). The risk factors for osteosarcopenia were female (OR 5.10, 95% CI: 2.37-10.98), older age (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.21), and fracture (OR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.62-5.25). CONCLUSION The prevalence of osteosarcopenia was high. Females, advanced age, and history of fracture were independently associated with osteosarcopenia. It is necessary to adopt integrated multidisciplinary management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjin Huang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Faxiu Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.
| | - Dunan Xie
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuhua Yang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jintao Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li X, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Lu R, Tao H, Chen S. Correlation Between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Paraspinal Muscle Fat Infiltration Based on QCT: A Cross-Sectional Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:666-673. [PMID: 35006307 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscle and bone mineral density (BMD). In total, 367 subjects (182 men and 185 women) who underwent quantitative computed tomography (QCT) examination were enrolled in this study. A QCT Pro workstation was used to obtain the mean BMD of the lower lumbar spine (L3, L4, L5) and fat fraction (FF) of the paraspinal muscle (psoas and erector spinae) at the corresponding levels. The patient's age, sex, body mass index, number of previous vertebral fractures, physical activity level, and visual analog scale (VAS) score for lower back pain were recorded. For categorical variables, one-way ANOVA and independent-samples t tests were performed. Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlations among continuous variables. Influential factors were analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis. Regarding the mean paraspinal muscle FF, there were significant differences between the different vertebral fracture groups (P < 0.05). Age and VAS score showed a positive correlation with the mean paraspinal muscle FF (r = 0.389, 0.454). BMD showed a negative correlation with the mean paraspinal muscle FF (r = - 0.721). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that vertebral fracture (β = 0.851, P = 0.021) and BMD (β = - 4.341, P = 0.004) were independent factors of the mean paraspinal muscle FF. This study demonstrated that an advanced age, a greater VAS score, a higher number of vertebral fractures, and a lower BMD may be associated with more severe fatty infiltration of the paraspinal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Li
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxue Xie
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyue Tao
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Radiology & Institute of Medical Functional and Molecular Imaging, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng KYK, Chow SKH, Hung VWY, Wong CHW, Wong RMY, Tsang CSL, Kwok T, Cheung WH. Diagnosis of sarcopenia by evaluating skeletal muscle mass by adjusted bioimpedance analysis validated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:2163-2173. [PMID: 34609065 PMCID: PMC8718029 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to adjust and cross-validate skeletal muscle mass measurements between bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the screening of sarcopenia in the community and to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia in Hong Kong. METHODS Screening of sarcopenia was provided to community-dwelling older adults. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was evaluated by BIA (InBody 120 or 720) and/or DXA. Handgrip strength and/or gait speed were assessed. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the 2019 revised Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia cut-offs. Agreement analysis was performed to cross-validate ASM measurements by BIA and DXA. Multiple regression was used to explore contribution of measured parameters in predicting DXA ASM from BIA. RESULTS A total of 1587 participants (age = 72 ± 12 years) were recruited; 1065 participants were screened by BIA (InBody 120) with 18 followed up by DXA, while the remaining 522 participants were assessed by the BIA (InBody 720) and DXA. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) evaluated by BIA showed a mean difference of 2.89 ± 0.38 kg/m2 (InBody 120) and 2.97 ± 0.45 kg/m2 (InBody 720) against DXA gold standard. A significant overestimation of muscle mass was measured by BIA compared with DXA (P < 0.005). BIA data were adjusted using prediction equation and mean difference reduced to -0.02 ± 0.31 kg/m2 in cross-validation. Prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults ≥65 ranged from 39.4% (based on ASMI by DXA) to 40.8% (based on predicted DXA ASMI from BIA). Low ASMI by DXA was found in 68.5% of the older adults screened. The percentage of older adults exhibited low handgrip strength ranged from 31.3% to 56%, while 49% showed low gait speed. CONCLUSIONS Bioimpedance analysis was found to overestimate skeletal muscle mass compared with DXA. With adjustment equations, BIA can be used as a quick and reliable tool for screening sarcopenia in community and clinical settings with limited access to better options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Wing-Yin Hung
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carissa Hing-Wai Wong
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald Man-Yeung Wong
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Charlotte Sau-Lan Tsang
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Jockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Bone Quality and Health Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan YJ, Lim SY, Yong VW, Choo XY, Ng YD, Sugumaran K, Md Shah MN, Raja Aman RRA, Paramasivam SS, Mohd Ramli N, Grossmann M, Tan AH. Osteoporosis in Parkinson's Disease: Relevance of Distal Radius Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Sarcopenia. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:351-361. [PMID: 32888777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Standard dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measuring bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (central sites) has suboptimal sensitivity in predicting fracture risk in the general population. An association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis in PD has not been studied. We compared BMD and osteoporosis prevalence in PD patients vs controls; determined the osteoporosis detection rates using central alone vs central plus distal radius DXA; and analyzed factors (in particular, sarcopenia) associated with osteoporosis. One hundred and fifty-six subjects (102 patients with PD, 54 spousal/sibling controls) underwent femoral neck-lumbar spine-distal radius DXA. Seventy-three patients and 46 controls were assessed for sarcopenia using whole-body DXA and handgrip strength. Patients underwent clinical and serum biochemical evaluations. PD patients had significantly lower body mass index compared to controls. After adjustment for possible confounders, distal radius BMD and T-scores were significantly lower in PD patients compared to controls, but not at the femoral neck/lumbar spine. With distal radius DXA, an additional 11.0% of patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis (32.0% to 43.0%), vs 3.7% in controls (33.3% to 37.0%) additionally diagnosed; this increase was largely driven by the markedly higher detection rate in female PD patients. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [ORadjusted] = 11.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6-48.6) and sarcopenia (ORadjusted = 8.4, 95% CI: 1.1-64.9) were independent predictors for osteoporosis in PD. Distal radius DXA increased osteoporosis detection, especially in female PD patients, suggesting that diagnostic protocols for osteoporosis in PD could be optimized. A close association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia was documented for the first time in PD, which has important implications for clinical management and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jing Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; and the Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; and the Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Voon Wei Yong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; and the Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xing Yan Choo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; and the Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-De Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kavita Sugumaran
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharmila Sunita Paramasivam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Mohd Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; and the Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scott D, Seibel M, Cumming R, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Waite LM, Hirani V. Does Combined Osteopenia/Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Confer Greater Risk of Falls and Fracture Than Either Condition Alone in Older Men? The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:827-834. [PMID: 30032209 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether older men with osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia (so-called osteosarcopenia) are at greater risk of falls and fractures than those with either condition alone. METHODS One thousand five hundred seventy-five community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years had appendicular lean mass, total hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and completed hand grip strength and gait speed tests. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined as a T-score at any site ≤-1.0 SD. Sarcopenia was defined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia algorithm. Participants were contacted every 4 months for 6 ± 2 years to ascertain incident fractures (confirmed by radiographic reports) and for 2 years for incident falls. RESULTS Prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 8%, while 34% of participants had osteopenia/osteoporosis alone and 7% had sarcopenia alone. Men with osteosarcopenia had significantly increased fall (incidence rate ratio: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.95) and fracture risk (hazard ratio: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.26) compared with men with neither osteopenia/osteoporosis nor sarcopenia. There was no statistical interaction between osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, and falls and fracture risk were not different for osteosarcopenia compared with either condition alone (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Community-dwelling older men with combined osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia do not have increased falls and fracture risk compared with those with either condition. Further research is required to clarify whether the term "osteosarcopenia" has any meaning above and beyond either term alone and therefore potential clinical utility for falls and fracture prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2018; 9:419-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Yoo JI, Ha YC. Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Osteosarcopenia in Korea. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:1-7. [PMID: 29564300 PMCID: PMC5854818 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia was listed in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) as M62.84, on October 1, 2016. Sarcopenia is primarily associated with metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cachexia, as well as chronic renal failure, congestive heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sarcopenia is also significantly associated with osteoporosis in elderly populations and the combined disease is defined as osteosarcopenia. Several studies have confirmed that sarcopenia and osteoporosis (osteosarcopenia) share common risk factors and biological pathways. Osteosarcopenia is associated with significant physical disability, representing a significant threat to the loss of independence in later life. However, the pathophysiology and diagnosis of osteosarcopenia are not fully defined. Additionally, pharmacologic and hormonal treatments for sarcopenia are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcopenia, and includes Korean data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harris R, Chang Y, Beavers K, Laddu-Patel D, Bea J, Johnson K, LeBoff M, Womack C, Wallace R, Li W, Crandall C, Cauley J. Risk of Fracture in Women with Sarcopenia, Low Bone Mass, or Both. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:2673-2678. [PMID: 28960230 PMCID: PMC5729083 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether women with sarcopenia and low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of clinical fractures than those with sarcopenia or low BMD alone. DESIGN Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Observational and Clinical trials. SETTING Three U.S. clinical centers (Pittsburgh, PA; Birmingham, AL; Phoenix/Tucson, AZ). PARTICIPANTS Women (mean age 63.3 ± 0.07) with BMD measurements (N = 10,937). MEASUREMENTS Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular lean mass values corrected for height and fat mass. Low BMD was defined as a femoral neck T-score less than -1.0 based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference database for white women. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We followed women for incident fractures over a median of 15.9 years. RESULTS Participants were classified into mutually exclusive groups based on BMD and sarcopenia status: normal BMD and no sarcopenia (n = 3,857, 35%), sarcopenia alone (n = 774, 7%), low BMD alone (n = 4,907, 45%), and low BMD and sarcopenia (n = 1,399, 13%). Women with low BMD, with (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.44-2.06) or without sarcopenia (HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.37-1.83), had greater risk of fracture than women with normal BMD; the difference remained statistically significant after adjustment for important covariates. Women with low BMD, with (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.78-4.30 and without (HR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.63-3.59) sarcopenia had higher risk of hip fractures. Women with sarcopenia alone had similar HRs to women with normal BMD. CONCLUSION Compared to women with normal BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen Johnson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | | | - Wenjun Li
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Carolyn Crandall
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phenotype of Osteosarcopenia in Older Individuals With a History of Falling. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:290-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
11
|
Park SW. Sarcopenia and neurosurgery. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2014; 56:79-85. [PMID: 25328642 PMCID: PMC4200370 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2014.56.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging process can be characterized as a spontaneous decrease of function in various organs with age. Muscle, as a big organ of human body, undergoes aging process presenting with loss of muscle mass, "sarcopenia". Recently, several working groups have tried to make consensus about sarcopenia for definition and diagnosis. Muscle mass is known to be closely related with bone, brain, fat, cardiovascular and metabolic systems. With increased understanding, clinical and basic researches about sarcopenia have been also increased rapidly from various areas of health science and technology. In this paper, the history and recent concepts of sarcopenia were reviewed and brief discussion of its prospect in the field of neurosurgery was done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu R, Leung J, Woo J. Incremental Predictive Value of Sarcopenia for Incident Fracture in an Elderly Chinese Cohort: Results From the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOs) Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014; 15:551-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
13
|
Kim JY, Chae SU, Kim GD, Cha MS. Changes of paraspinal muscles in postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fractures: magnetic resonance imaging study. J Bone Metab 2013; 20:75-81. [PMID: 24524061 PMCID: PMC3910309 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2013.20.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the changes of cross sectional area (CSA) in paraspinal muscles upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. Methods We reviewed 81 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, who had underwent MRI examination. The patients were divided into 51 patients who had osteoporotic spinal compression fractures (group I), and 30 patients who without fractures (group II). Group I were subdivided into IA and IB, based on whether they were younger (IA) of older (IB) than 70 years of age. We additionally measured body mass index and BMD. The CSA of multifidus, erector spinae, paraspinal muscles, psoas major (PT), and intervertebral (IV) discs were measured. The degree of fatty atrophy was estimated using three grades. Results The BMD and T-score of group I were significantly lower than those of group II. The CSA of erector spinae, paraspinal muscles, and PT in the group I was significantly smaller than that of group II. The CSA of paraspinal muscles in group IB were significantly smaller than those of group IA. The CSA of erector spinae, mutifidus, and PT in group IB were smaller than those of group IA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Group 1 exhibited greater fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscle than group II. Conclusions Postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fracture is associated with profound changes of the lumbar paraspinal muscle, reduction of CSA, increased CSA of IV disc, and increased intramuscular fat infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Soo Uk Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Gang Deuk Kim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morgan SL, Binkley N, Williams SE. Introduction from the guest editors. J Clin Densitom 2013; 16:387-8. [PMID: 24183635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Morgan
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UAB Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|