1
|
Geedkar D, Kumar A, Sharma P. Synthesis and in silico inhibitory action studies of azo-anchored imidazo[4,5-b]indole scaffolds against the COVID-19 main protease (M pro). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10419. [PMID: 38710746 PMCID: PMC11074333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work elicits a novel approach to combating COVID-19 by synthesizing a series of azo-anchored 3,4-dihydroimidazo[4,5-b]indole derivatives. The envisaged methodology involves the L-proline-catalyzed condensation of para-amino-functionalized azo benzene, indoline-2,3-dione, and ammonium acetate precursors with pertinent aryl aldehyde derivatives under ultrasonic conditions. The structures of synthesized compounds were corroborated through FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass analysis data. Molecular docking studies assessed the inhibitory potential of these compounds against the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Remarkably, in silico investigations revealed significant inhibitory action surpassing standard drugs such as Remdesivir, Paxlovid, Molnupiravir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and (N3), an irreversible Michael acceptor inhibitor. Furthermore, the highly active compound was also screened for cytotoxicity activity against HEK-293 cells and exhibited minimal toxicity across a range of concentrations, affirming its favorable safety profile and potential suitability. The pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) of the synthesized compounds have also been deliberated. This study paves the way for in vitro and in vivo testing of these scaffolds in the ongoing battle against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Geedkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pratibha Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin SM, Hamburger RC, Huang T, Fredin LA, Young ER. Controlling excited-state dynamics via protonation of naphthalene-based azo dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10804-10813. [PMID: 38517000 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Azo dyes are a class of photoactive dyes that constitute a major focus of chemical research due to their applications in numerous industrial functions. This work explores the impact of protonation on the photophysics of four naphthalene-based azo dyes. The pKa value of the dyes increases proportionally with decreasing Hammett parameter of p-phenyl substituents from 8.1 (R = -H, σ = 0) to 10.6 (R = -NMe2, σ = -0.83) in acetonitrile. Protonation of the dyes shuts down the steady-state photoisomerization observed in the unprotonated moieties. Fluorescence measurements reveal a lower quantum yield with more electron-donating p-phenyl substituents, with overall lower fluorescence quantum yields than the unprotonated dyes. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals four excited-state lifetimes (<1 ps, ∼3 ps, ∼13 ps, and ∼200 ps) exhibiting faster excited-state dynamics than observed in the unprotonated forms (for 1-3: 0.7-1.5 ps, ∼3-4 ps, 20-40 ps, 20-300 min; for 4: 0.7 ps, 4.8 ps, 17.8 ps, 40 ps, 8 min). Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) elucidates the reason for the loss of isomerization in the protonated dyes, revealing a significant change in the lowest excited state potential energy nature and landscape upon protonation. Protonation impedes relaxation along the typical rotational and inversion isomerization axes, locking the dyes into a trans-configuration that rapidly decays back to the ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Robert C Hamburger
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Lisa A Fredin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao LT, Wang BN, Zhang YQ, Zhang C, Liu M, Chen AL, Yuan J, Chen J, Zhou S. Design, Synthesis, Nematicidal, and Fungicidal Activities of Novel Azo and Azoxy Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2473-2481. [PMID: 38284538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (B. xylophilus) and Meloidogyne are parasitic nematodes that have caused severe ecological and economic damage in pinewood and crops, respectively. Jietacins (jietacin A and B) were found to have excellent biological activity against B. xylophilus. Based on our tremendous demand for chemicals against B. xylophilus, a novel scaffold based on the azo and azoxy groups was designed, and a series of compounds were synthesized. In the bioassay, Ia, IIa, IIc, IId, and IVa exhibited higher activity against B. xylophilus in vitro than avermectin (LC50 = 2.43 μg·mL-1) with LC50 values of 1.37, 1.12, 0.889, 1.56, and 1.10 μg·mL-1, respectively. Meanwhile, Ib, Ic, IIc, and IVa showed good inhibition effects against Meloidogyne in vivo at the concentrations of 80 and 40 μg·mL-1 with inhibition rates of 89.0% and 81.6%, 95.6% and 75.7%, 96.3% and 41.2%, and 86.8% and 78.7%, respectively. In fungicidal activity in vitro, IIb and IVa exhibited excellent effect against Botryosphaeria dothidea with the inhibition of 82.59% and 85.32% at the concentration of 10 μg·mL-1, while the inhibition of Ia was 83.16% against Rhizoctonia solani at the concentration of 12.5 μg·mL-1. Referring to the biological activity against B. xylophilus, a 3D-QASR model was built in which the electron-donating group and small group at the 4-phenylhydrazine were favorable for the activity. In general, the novel azoxy compounds, especially IIc possess great potential for application in the prevention of B. xylophilus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyu-Ting Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Bo-Ning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - An-Liang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao MY, Tang YF, Han GZ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aromatic Azo Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:6741. [PMID: 37764517 PMCID: PMC10538219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic azo compounds have -N=N- double bonds as well as a larger π electron conjugation system, which endows aromatic azo compounds with wide applications in the fields of functional materials. The properties of aromatic azo compounds are closely related to the substituents on their aromatic rings. However, traditional synthesis methods, such as the coupling of diazo salts, have a significant limitation with respect to the structural design of aromatic azo compounds. Therefore, many scientists have devoted their efforts to developing new synthetic methods. Moreover, recent advances in the synthesis of aromatic azo compounds have led to improvements in the design and preparation of light-response materials at the molecular level. This review summarizes the important synthetic progress of aromatic azo compounds in recent years, with an emphasis on the pioneering contribution of functional nanomaterials to the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guo-Zhi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.-Y.Z.); (Y.-F.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han ZP, Wang S, Sun Q, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Synthesis of Azoxy Compounds: from Copper Compounds to Mesoporous Silica-Encaged Ultrasmall Copper Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300477. [PMID: 37148179 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Azoxy compounds have aroused extensive attention due to their unique biological activities, but the chemical synthesis of these compounds often suffers from limitations due to their requirement for stoichiometric oxidants, high costs, and restricted substrate range. Herein, a series of azoxy compounds were constructed via facile coupling reactions by using cost-effective N-methoxyformamide and nitroso compounds over Cu-based catalysts, affording high product yields with excellent tolerance of functional groups. Significantly, the mesoporous silica nanosphere-encapsulated ultrasmall Cu (Cu@MSN) catalyst was developed via a one-pot synthetic method and first used for the synthesis of azoxy compounds. As compared with copper salt catalysts, the Cu@MSN catalyst exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic activity and superior recycling stability. Such a Cu@MSN catalyst overcame the inherent drawbacks of low activity, fast deactivation, and difficult recycling of traditional metal salt catalysts in organic reactions. This work provides a green and efficient method for the construction of azoxy compounds and also creates new prospects for the application of nanoporous materials confined metal catalysts in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Han
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chemical Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chemical Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang R, Shi Q, Huang T, Yan Y, Li S, Fang Y, Li Y, Liu L, Liu L, Wang X, Peng Y, Fan J, Zou L, Lin S, Chen G. The natural pyrazolotriazine pseudoiodinine from Pseudomonas mosselii 923 inhibits plant bacterial and fungal pathogens. Nat Commun 2023; 14:734. [PMID: 36759518 PMCID: PMC9911603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products largely produced by Pseudomonads-like soil-dwelling microorganisms are a consistent source of antimicrobial metabolites and pesticides. Herein we report the isolation of Pseudomonas mosselii strain 923 from rice rhizosphere soils of paddy fields, which specifically inhibit the growth of plant bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas species and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The antimicrobial compound is purified and identified as pseudoiodinine using high-resolution mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Genome-wide random mutagenesis, transcriptome analysis and biochemical assays define the pseudoiodinine biosynthetic cluster as psdABCDEFG. Pseudoiodinine biosynthesis is proposed to initiate from guanosine triphosphate and 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin is a biosynthetic intermediate. Transposon mutagenesis indicate that GacA is the global regulator. Furthermore, two noncoding small RNAs, rsmY and rsmZ, positively regulate pseudoiodinine transcription, and the carbon storage regulators CsrA2 and CsrA3, which negatively regulate the expression of psdA. A 22.4-fold increase in pseudoiodinine production is achieved by optimizing the media used for fermentation, overexpressing the biosynthetic operon, and removing the CsrA binding sites. Both of the strain 923 and purified pseudoiodinine in planta inhibit the pathogens without affecting the rice host, suggesting that pseudoiodinine can be used to control plant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihuan Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shengzhang Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Longyu Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongzheng Peng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gongyou Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simpson JB, Sekela JJ, Carry BS, Beaty V, Patel S, Redinbo MR. Diverse but desolate landscape of gut microbial azoreductases: A rationale for idiopathic IBD drug response. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2203963. [PMID: 37122075 PMCID: PMC10132220 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2203963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodrugs reliant on microbial activation are widely used but exhibit a range of efficacies that remain poorly understood. The anti-inflammatory compound 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is packaged in a variety of azo-linked prodrugs provided to most Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients, shows confounding inter-individual variabilities in response. Such prodrugs must be activated by azo-bond reduction to form 5-ASA, a process that has been attributed to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic catalysis. Gut microbial azoreductases (AzoRs) are the first catalysts shown to activate azo-linked drugs and to metabolize toxic azo-chemicals. Here, we chart the scope of the structural and functional diversity of AzoRs in health and in patients with the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) UC and Crohn's Disease (CD). Using structural metagenomics, we define the landscape of gut microbial AzoRs in 413 healthy donor and 1059 IBD patient fecal samples. Firmicutes encode a significantly higher number of unique AzoRs compared to other phyla. However, structural and biochemical analyses of distinct AzoRs from the human microbiome reveal significant differences between prevalent orthologs in the processing of toxic azo-dyes, and their generally poor activation of IBD prodrugs. Furthermore, while individuals with IBD show higher abundances of AzoR-encoding gut microbial taxa than healthy controls, the overall abundance of AzoR-encoding microbes is markedly low in both disease and health. Together, these results establish that gut microbial AzoRs are functionally diverse but sparse in both health and disease, factors that may contribute to non-optimal processing of azo-linked prodrugs and idiopathic IBD drug responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Josh J. Sekela
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Carry
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Violet Beaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shakshi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew. R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giomi D, Ceccarelli J, Salvini A, Pinto M, Brandi A. Organocatalytic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds: The Use of Solid-Supported Phenyl(2-quinolyl)methanol. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35170-35179. [PMID: 36211086 PMCID: PMC9535724 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of aromatic nitro compounds has been performed employing a catalytic amount of Wang resin-supported phenyl(2-quinolyl)methanol (Wang-PQM) in the presence of an excess of NaBH4 to regenerate the reactive reducing species at the end of the process. The reduction products are easily isolated through a simple filtration/extraction protocol, and the catalyst can be efficiently recovered and recycled. The condensation route is generally preferred, and azo- and/or hydrazo-arenes can be easily prepared in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Giomi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università
di Firenze, Largo Brambilla 3, I-50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonella Salvini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marika Pinto
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università
di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuaprasert B, Chitnumsub P, Leartsakulpanich U, Suginta W, Leelayoova S, Mungthin M, Sitthichot N, Rattanabunyong S, Kiriwan D, Choowongkomon K. Dual role of azo compounds in inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum adenosine deaminase and hemozoin biocrystallization. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108384. [PMID: 36154837 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-ligand (GOLD) docking of the NCI compounds into the ligand-binding site of Plasmodium falciparum adenosine deaminase (PfADA) identified three most active azo compounds containing 4-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl) moiety. These compounds showed IC50 of 3.7-15.4 μM against PfADA, as well as inhibited the growth of P. falciparum strains 3D7 (chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive) and K1 (CQ-resistant) with IC50 of 1.8-3.1 and 1.7-3.6 μM, respectively. The identified compounds have structures similar to the backbone structure (4-N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)) in CQ, and NSC45545 could mimic CQ by inhibiting the bioformation of hemozoin in parasitic food vacuole. The amount of in situ hemozoin in the ring-stage parasite was determined using a combination of synchrotron transmission Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis. Stretching of the C-O bond of hemozoin propionate group measured at 1220-1210 cm-1 in untreated intraerythrocytic P. falciparum strains 3D7 and K1 was disappeared following treatment with 1.85 and 1.74 μM NSC45545, similar to those treated with 0.02 and 0.13 μM CQ, respectively. These findings indicate a novel dual function of 4-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl) azo compounds in inhibiting both PfADA and in situ hemozoin biocrystallization. These lead compounds hold promise for further development of new antimalarial therapeutics that could delay the onset of parasitic drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buabarn Kuaprasert
- Research and Facility Department, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Phahon Yothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Phahon Yothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Saovanee Leelayoova
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 317 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 317 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Sitthichot
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 317 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Siriluk Rattanabunyong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Duangnapa Kiriwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azobenzene as Antimicrobial Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175643. [PMID: 36080413 PMCID: PMC9457709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azo molecules, characterized by the presence of a -N=N- double bond, are widely used in various fields due to their sensitivity to external stimuli, ch as light. The emergence of bacterial resistance has pushed research towards designing new antimicrobial molecules that are more efficient than those currently in use. Many authors have attempted to exploit the antimicrobial activity of azobenzene and to utilize their photoisomerization for selective control of the bioactivities of antimicrobial molecules, which is necessary for antibacterial therapy. This review will provide a systematic and consequential approach to coupling azobenzene moiety with active antimicrobial molecules and drugs, including small and large organic molecules, such as peptides. A selection of significant cutting-edge articles collected in recent years has been discussed, based on the structural pattern and antimicrobial performance, focusing especially on the photoactivity of azobenzene and the design of smart materials as the most targeted and desirable application.
Collapse
|
11
|
Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in textile wastewater by Polyaniline composite catalyst-a review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
12
|
Microbiological Aspects of Unique, Rare, and Unusual Fatty Acids Derived from Natural Amides and Their Pharmacological Profile. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the proposed review, the pharmacological profile of unique, rare, and unusual fatty acids derived from natural amides is considered. These amides are produced by various microorganisms, lichens, and fungi. The biological activity of some natural fatty acid amides has been determined by their isolation from natural sources, but the biological activity of fatty acids has not been practically studied. According to QSAR data, the biological activity of fatty acids is shown, which demonstrated strong antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, some fatty acids have shown rare activities such as antidiabetic, anti-infective, anti-eczematic, antimutagenic, and anti-psoriatic activities. For some fatty acids that have pronounced biological properties, 3D graphs are shown that show a graphical representation of unique activities. These data are undoubtedly of both theoretical and practical interest for chemists, pharmacologists, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry, which is engaged in the synthesis of biologically active drugs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lazareva NF, Lazarev IM. N,N′-Bis(silylmethyl)azodicarboxamides. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Synthesis and applications of some new nitrogen-containing heterocyclic azo-disperse dyes bearing quinoline chromophore. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Mukherjee S, Pal CK, Kotakonda M, Joshi M, Shit M, Ghosh P, Choudhury AR, Biswas B. Solvent induced distortion in a square planar copper(II) complex containing an azo-functionalized Schiff base: Synthesis, crystal structure, in-vitro fungicidal and anti-proliferative, and catecholase activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
16
|
Bisht B, Imandi V, Pant S, Sen A. Solvent-Dependent Spectral Properties in Diverse Solvents, Light Harvesting and Antiviral Properties of Mono-Azo Dye (Direct Yellow-27): A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416521500368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed for the first time a detailed electronic absorption study of the mono-azo dye Direct Yellow 27 [C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]N4Na2O9S3] (DY-27) with five different homogeneous media by applying experimental and theoretical techniques along with some new characteristics of DY-27 in the field of solar cells as well as antiviral activities. A clear absorption band in the UV-visible region was observed, although the absorption maxima lie in the visible region. The electronic absorption transitions observed in our study were fully spin and symmetry allowed transitions with [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] character. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analysis has been done for understanding the electronic and the charge transfer performance. Moreover, the impacts of polar protic and polar aprotic solvents in the structural variation of DY-27 have been reported here. Further, applications of the dye in the field of solar cell, as well as antiviral activity, were performed using molecular modeling approaches. The dye exhibited a D–[Formula: see text]–A–A structure with a high light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) and good injection efficiency acts as an effective dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Molecular docking studies of the dye DY-27 performed with M-protease of the different corona viruses, MERS, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 indicated comparable binding energies with the controlled inhibitors and best interactions are observed for the SARS-CoV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babita Bisht
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Centre of Advance Study, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, India
| | - Venkataramana Imandi
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics School of Computational & Integrative Sciences (SCIS), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Pant
- Photophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Centre of Advance Study, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263002, India
| | - Anik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chinnam AK, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Selective Synthesis of Bis(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-4,4'-azo- and -azoxyfurazan Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7781-7786. [PMID: 34009988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis of two new derivatives, bis(3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-4,4'-azo- and -azoxyfurazans by selective oxidation of 4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amine. Ammonium salts of these derivatives were prepared, and all of them were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the new compounds have high measured crystal densities, and the energetic properties have been investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343. United States
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343. United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antitumor Profile of Carbon-Bridged Steroids (CBS) and Triterpenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:324. [PMID: 34205074 PMCID: PMC8228860 DOI: 10.3390/md19060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the rare group of carbon-bridged steroids (CBS) and triterpenoids found in various natural sources such as green, yellow-green, and red algae, marine sponges, soft corals, ascidians, starfish, and other marine invertebrates. In addition, this group of rare lipids is found in amoebas, fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants. For convenience, the presented CBS and triterpenoids are divided into four groups, which include: (a) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclopropane group; (b) CBS and triterpenoids with cyclopropane ring in the side chain; (c) CBS and triterpenoids containing a cyclobutane group; (d) CBS and triterpenoids containing cyclopentane, cyclohexane or cycloheptane moieties. For the comparative characterization of the antitumor profile, we have added several semi- and synthetic CBS and triterpenoids, with various additional rings, to identify possible promising sources for pharmacologists and the pharmaceutical industry. About 300 CBS and triterpenoids are presented in this review, which demonstrate a wide range of biological activities, but the most pronounced antitumor profile. The review summarizes biological activities both determined experimentally and estimated using the well-known PASS software. According to the data obtained, two-thirds of CBS and triterpenoids show moderate activity levels with a confidence level of 70 to 90%; however, one third of these lipids demonstrate strong antitumor activity with a confidence level exceeding 90%. Several CBS and triterpenoids, from different lipid groups, demonstrate selective action on different types of tumor cells such as renal cancer, sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, lymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, liver cancer, and genitourinary cancer with varying degrees of confidence. In addition, the review presents graphical images of the antitumor profile of both individual CBS and triterpenoids groups and individual compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen L, Deng Z, Zhao C. Nitrogen-Nitrogen Bond Formation Reactions Involved in Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:559-570. [PMID: 33721494 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Construction of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds involves sophisticated biosynthetic mechanisms to overcome the difficulties inherent to the nucleophilic nitrogen atom of amine. Over the past decade, a multitude of reactions responsible for nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation in natural product biosynthesis have been uncovered. On the basis of the intrinsic properties of these reactions, this Review classifies these reactions into three categories: comproportionation, rearrangement, and radical recombination reactions. To expound the metallobiochemistry underlying nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation reactions, we discuss the enzymatic mechanisms in comparison to well characterized canonical heme-dependent enzymes, mononuclear nonheme iron-dependent enzymes, and nonheme di-iron enzymes. We also illuminate the intermediary properties of nitrogen oxide species NO2-, NO+, and N2O3 in nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation reactions with clues derived from inorganic nitrogen metabolism driven by anammox bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. These multidimentional discussions will provide further insights into the mechanistic proposals of nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation in natural product biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatory Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Siewert B. Does the chemistry of fungal pigments demand the existence of photoactivated defense strategies in basidiomycetes? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:475-488. [PMID: 33738747 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The well-known photosensitizers hypericin, harmane, and emodin are typical pigments of certain mushroom species-is this a coincidence or an indication towards a photoactivated defense mechanism in the phylum Basidiomycota? This perspective article explores this hypothesis by cross-linking the chemistry of fungal pigments with structural requirements from known photosensitizers and insights from photoactivated strategies in the kingdom Plantae. Thereby, light is shed on a yet unexplored playground dealing with ecological questions, photopharmaceutical opportunities, and biotechnological potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dembitsky VM, Ermolenko E, Savidov N, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Antiprotozoal and Antitumor Activity of Natural Polycyclic Endoperoxides: Origin, Structures and Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:686. [PMID: 33525706 PMCID: PMC7865715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic endoperoxides are rare natural metabolites found and isolated in plants, fungi, and marine invertebrates. The purpose of this review is a comparative analysis of the pharmacological potential of these natural products. According to PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) estimates, they are more likely to exhibit antiprotozoal and antitumor properties. Some of them are now widely used in clinical medicine. All polycyclic endoperoxides presented in this article demonstrate antiprotozoal activity and can be divided into three groups. The third group includes endoperoxides, which show weak antiprotozoal activity with a reliability of up to 70%, and this group includes only 1.1% of metabolites. The second group includes the largest number of endoperoxides, which are 65% and show average antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 70 to 90%. Lastly, the third group includes endoperoxides, which are 33.9% and show strong antiprotozoal activity with a confidence level of 90 to 99.6%. Interestingly, artemisinin and its analogs show strong antiprotozoal activity with 79 to 99.6% confidence against obligate intracellular parasites which belong to the genera Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Leishmania, and Coccidia. In addition to antiprotozoal activities, polycyclic endoperoxides show antitumor activity in the proportion: 4.6% show weak activity with a reliability of up to 70%, 65.6% show an average activity with a reliability of 70 to 90%, and 29.8% show strong activity with a reliability of 90 to 98.3%. It should also be noted that some polycyclic endoperoxides, in addition to antiprotozoal and antitumor properties, show other strong activities with a confidence level of 90 to 97%. These include antifungal activity against the genera Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus, as well as anti-inflammatory activity. This review provides insights on further utilization of polycyclic endoperoxides by medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valery M. Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Nick Savidov
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada;
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chhetri A, Chettri S, Rai P, Sinha B, Brahman D. Exploration of inhibitory action of Azo imidazole derivatives against COVID-19 main protease (M pro): A computational study. J Mol Struct 2021; 1224:129178. [PMID: 32904625 PMCID: PMC7456803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Four novel ionic liquid tagged azo-azomethine derivatives (L1-L4) have been prepared by the condensation reaction of azo-coupled ortho-vaniline precursor with amino functionalised imidazole derivative and the synthesized derivatives (L1-L4) have been characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Molecular docking studies were carried out to ascertain the inhibitory action of studied ligands (L1-L4) against the Main Protease (6LU7) of novel coronavisrus (COVID-19). The result of the docking of L1-L4 showed a significant inhibitory action against the Main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and the binding energy (ΔG) values of the ligands (L1-L4) against the protein 6LU7 have found to be -7.7 Kcal/mole (L1), -7.0 Kcal/mole (L2), -7.9 Kcal/mole (L3), and -7.9 Kcal/mole (L4).The efficiency of the ligands has been compared with the FDA approved and clinically trial drugs such as remdesivir, Chloroquin and Hydroxychloroquin and native ligand N3 of main protease 6LU7 to ascertain the inhibitory potential of the studied ligands (L1-L4) against the protein 6LU7. Pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) of the ligands (L1-L4) have also been studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chhetri
- Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling, 734104, India
| | - Sailesh Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling, 734104, India
| | - Pranesh Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Biswajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, 734013, India
| | - Dhiraj Brahman
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling, 734104, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chhetri A, Chettri S, Rai P, Mishra DK, Sinha B, Brahman D. Synthesis, characterization and computational study on potential inhibitory action of novel azo imidazole derivatives against COVID-19 main protease (M pro: 6LU7). J Mol Struct 2020; 1225:129230. [PMID: 32963413 PMCID: PMC7499073 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Six azo imidazole derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical tools. Inhibitory potential against main protease (6LU7) have been investigated using computational techniques. Binding energy of the ligands has found in the range −6.7 Kcal/mole to −8.1 Kcal/mole. The order of the ligands towards the protein 6LU7 are L5> L4≈L6>L1>L2>L3.
A series of six novel imidazole anchored azo-imidazole derivatives (L1-L6) have been prepared by the simple condensation reaction of azo-coupled ortho-vaniline precursor with amino functionalised imidazole derivative and the synthesized derivatives (L1-L6) have been characterized by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Molecular docking studies were carried out to ascertain the inhibitory action of studied ligands (L1-L6) against the Main Protease (6LU7) of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The result of the docking of L1-L6 showed a significant inhibitory action against the Main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and the binding energy (ΔG) values of the ligands (L1-L6) against the protein 6LU7 have found to be -7.7 Kcal/mole (L1), -7.4 Kcal/mole (L2), -6.7 Kcal/mole (L3), -7.9 Kcal/mole (L4), -8.1 Kcal/mole (L5) and -7.9 Kcal/mole (L6). Pharmacokinetic properties (ADME) of the ligands (L1-L6) have also been studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Chhetri
- Department of Microbiology, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling-734104, India
| | - Sailesh Chettri
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling-734104, India
| | - Pranesh Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Dipu Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Biswajit Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India
| | - Dhiraj Brahman
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, Darjeeling-734104, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Formation of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives by oxidation of 4-phenyl-1-pivaloylsemicarbazide. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Antimicrobial compounds produced by Lysinibacillus odysseyi epiphytic bacteria associated with red algae. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1683-1690. [PMID: 32696421 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed epiphytic bacteria are highly host specific and their association is little known. The marine environment of Andaman Islands is rich in algal diversity and their association with microbial communities remains unexplored. We investigated the epiphytic bacterial communities from the intertidal red alga Gracilaria canaliculata. A total of four epiphytic bacterial isolates were cultured and screened for antimicrobial activity. Of the four isolates, one potential isolate, Gr102, exhibited strong antimicrobial activity in 0.50 μg/ml concentration against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri. This potential isolate was characterized by genomic sequencing, fatty acid methyl ester analysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight spectrometry, and the strain Gr102 was identified as Lysinibacillus odysseyi KC149512. Purified fractions obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial compounds such as furan, lupenol, diazene, and butenyl methyl ketone were identified. Based on the high level of activity, red algae epiphytic bacteria are potential sources of producing bioactive secondary metabolites.
Collapse
|
26
|
Genovese C, D’Angeli F, Attanasio F, Caserta G, Scarpaci KS, Nicolosi D. Phytochemical composition and biological activities of Orobanche crenata Forssk.: a review. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4579-4595. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genovese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Nacture S.r.l, Spin-off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biochemistry section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Attanasio
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council (CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caserta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Kevin Sebastiano Scarpaci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daria Nicolosi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Microbiology section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Nacture S.r.l, Spin-off University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Classifications, properties, recent synthesis and applications of azo dyes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03271. [PMID: 32042981 PMCID: PMC7002841 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have presented a very detailed review of the different classification of azo dyes as a function of the number of azo groups and the appropriate functional groups. Then we pointed out some chemical properties of these dyes such as reactivity, isomerization and tautomerism and listed. In the following, we have summarized some recent syntheses of azo dyes and the mechanism of azo dye/polymer conjugation. Finally, we indicate the principle of Gewald's reaction and its application to the synthesis of new azo dyes.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaur H, Singh J, Narasimhan B. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic evaluation of diazenyl chalcones along with insights to mechanism of interaction by molecular docking studies. BMC Chem 2019; 13:87. [PMID: 31384834 PMCID: PMC6661766 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In continuation of our work, new diazenyl chalcones scaffolds (C-18 to C-27) were efficiently synthesized from substituted acetophenone azo dyes (A-E) by base catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation with different substituted aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes. METHODOLOGY The synthesized chalcones were assessed for their in vitro antimicrobial potential towards several pathogenic microbial strains by tube dilution method and further evaluated for antioxidant potential by DPPH assay. These derivatives were also assessed for the cytotoxicity towards the human lung cancer cell line (A549) and normal cell line (HEK) by MTT assay. The most active antimicrobial compounds were docked using Schrodinger v18.1 software with the various potential bacterial receptors to explore the mechanism of interaction. RESULTS The derivative C-22 exhibited high antibacterial activity with very low MIC (1.95-3.90 µg ml-1) and MBC (3.90-7.81 µg ml-1) values. The derivatives C-23, C-24 and C-27 have demonstrated good antioxidant potential (IC50 = 7-18 µg ml-1) correlated to the ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.45 µg ml-1). The derivative C-25 had shown comparable cytotoxicity to camptothecin against A549 cell line. The docking studies predicted the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (PDB ID: 3SRW) and bacterial DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 4ZVI) as the possible targets for most of the active antimicrobial compounds. These derivatives affirmed their safety by presenting less cytotoxicity towards HEK cells. Further the ADME prediction by qikprop module of the Schrodinger proved that these compounds exhibited drug-like attributes. CONCLUSION Hence, these compounds have shown their potential as lead for future expansion of novel antimicrobial and cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Jasbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaur H, Singh J, Narasimhan B. Indole hybridized diazenyl derivatives: synthesis, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity evaluation and docking studies. BMC Chem 2019; 13:65. [PMID: 31384812 PMCID: PMC6661771 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In search of effective antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents, a series of indole hybridized diazenyl derivatives (DS-1 to DS-21) was efficiently prepared by condensation of diazotized p-aminoacetophenone with indole or nitroindole followed by reaction with different aromatic/heteroaromatic amines of biological significance. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Methodology The antimicrobial evaluation of DS-1 to DS-23 was done by tube dilution method against various pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The active antimicrobial derivatives were further evaluated for cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell line (HCT-116), breast cancer cell line (MDAMB231), leukemic cancer cell line (K562), and normal cell line (HEK293) by MTT assay using doxorubicin as the standard drug. The test derivatives were additionally docked for the B-subunit of enzyme DNA gyrase from E. coli at the ATPase binding site to study the molecular interactions using Schrodinger maestro v11.5 software. Results and discussion Most of the synthesized derivatives have shown high activity against Gram-negative bacteria particularly E. coli and K. pneumonia with MIC ranging from 1.95 to 7.81 μg/ml. The derivatives have demonstrated very less activity against tested Gram positive bacterial and fungal strains. The derivatives DS-14 and DS-20 have been found to active against breast cancer cell line and human colon carcinoma cell line having IC50 in the range of 19–65 µg/ml. All the derivatives were found to less potent against leukemic cancer cell line. The synthesized derivatives have revealed their safety by exhibiting very less cytotoxicity against the normal cell line (HEK-293) with IC50 > 100 µg/ml. Most of the active derivatives have shown good docking scores in comparison to the standard drugs against DNA gyrase from E. coli. Further ADME predictions by Qikprop module of the Schrodinger confirmed these molecules have drug like properties. Conclusion The derivatives DS-14 and DS-20 have shown potential against Gram-negative bacteria and breast cancer cell line and can be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Kaur
- 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Jasbir Singh
- 2College of Pharmacy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ke L, Zhu G, Qian H, Xiang G, Chen Q, Chen Z. Catalytic Selective Oxidative Coupling of Secondary N-Alkylanilines: An Approach to Azoxyarene. Org Lett 2019; 21:4008-4013. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Zhu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vil V, Gloriozova TA, Terent'Ev AO, Zhukova NV, Dembitsky VM. Highly oxygenated isoprenoid lipids derived from terrestrial and aquatic sources: Origin, structures and biological activities. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201960001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vil
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow Russia, 119991
| | | | - Alexander O. Terent'Ev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow Russia, 119991
| | - Natalia V. Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Vladivostok Russia, 690041
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow Russia, 119991
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Vladivostok Russia, 690041
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oldacre AN, Pointer CA, Martin SM, Kemmerer A, Young ER. Anthracene-based azo dyes for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5874-5877. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01206k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new donor–acceptor system for photo-induced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leverages an azo linkage as the proton-sensitive component and anthracene as a photo-trigger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amanda Kemmerer
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Cedar Crest College
- Allentown
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
A photochromic waterborne polyurethane-based dye with chemically fixed azobenzene groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
34
|
Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Imbs AB. Ferrocene and titanocene steroid conjugates: Structures and activities - a brief review. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew B. Imbs
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology; Vladivostok Russia 690041
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mondal AS, Pramanik AK, Patra L, Manna CK, Mondal TK. Synthesis and characterization of a new zinc(II) complex with tetradentate azo-thioether ligand: X-ray structure, DNA binding study and DFT calculation. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|