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Yang J, Wu X, Song Y. Recent advances in novel mutation genes of Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2023:10.1007/s00415-023-11781-4. [PMID: 37222843 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, a growing number of individuals are being affected by Parkinson's Disease (PD), a Neurodegenerative Disease (ND). Approximately, 5-10% of PD is explained by genetic causes linked to known PD genes. With improvements in genetic testing and high-throughput technologies, more PD-associated susceptibility genes have been reported in recent years. However, a comprehensive review of the pathogenic mechanisms and physiological roles of these genes is still lacking. This article reviews novel genes with putative or confirmed pathogenic mutations in PD reported since 2019, summarizes the physiological functions and potential associations with PD. Newly reported PD-related genes include ANK2, DNAH1, STAB1, NOTCH2NLC, UQCRC1, ATP10B, TFG, CHMP1A, GIPC1, KIF21B, KIF24, SLC25A39, SPTBN1 and TOMM22. However, the evidence for pathogenic effects of many of these genes is inconclusive. A variety of novel PD-associated genes have been identified through clinical cases of PD patients and analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). However, more evidence is needed in confirm the strong association of novel genes with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Tarudji AW, Miller HA, Curtis ET, Porter CL, Madsen GL, Kievit FM. Sex-based differences of antioxidant enzyme nanoparticle effects following traumatic brain injury. J Control Release 2023; 355:149-159. [PMID: 36720285 PMCID: PMC10006352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released in excess, causing oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and cell death, which induce the additional release of ROS. The limited accumulation and retention of small molecule antioxidants commonly used in clinical trials likely limit the target engagement and therapeutic effect in reducing secondary injury. Small molecule drugs also need to be administered every several hours to maintain bioavailability in the brain. Therefore, there is a need for a burst and sustained release system with high accumulation and retention in the injured brain. Here, we utilized Pro-NP™ with a size of 200 nm, which was designed to have a burst and sustained release of encapsulated antioxidants, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), to scavenge ROS for >24 h post-injection. Here, we utilized a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of TBI and found the accumulation of Pro-NP™ in the brain lesion was highest when injected immediately after injury, with a reduction in the accumulation with delayed administration of 1 h or more post-injury. Pro-NP™ treatment with 9000 U/kg SOD1 and 9800 U/kg CAT gave the highest reduction in ROS in both male and female mice. We found that Pro-NP™ treatment was effective in reducing carbonyl stress and necrosis at 1 d post-injury in the contralateral hemisphere in male mice, which showed a similar trend to untreated female mice. Although we found that male and female mice similarly benefit from Pro-NP™ treatment in reducing ROS levels 4 h post-injury, Pro-NP™ treatment did not significantly affect markers of post-traumatic oxidative stress in female CCI mice as compared to male CCI mice. These findings of protection by Pro-NP™ in male mice did not extend to 7 d post-injury, which suggests subsequent treatments with Pro-NP™ may be needed to afford protection into the chronic phase of injury. Overall, these different treatment effects of Pro-NP™ between male and female mice suggest important sex-based differences in response to antioxidant nanoparticle delivery and that there may exist a maximal benefit from local antioxidant activity in injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Evan T Curtis
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE 68135, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 262 Morrison Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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3
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Knaryan VH, Sarukhanyan FP. [Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin in neurodegenerative processes and prospects for neuroprotective pharmacotherapy]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:32-40. [PMID: 37490663 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312307132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and Ca2+-regulated enzymes calpain and calcineurin are the key molecules of signaling mechanisms in neurons and ensure the normal course of intracellular neurochemical and neurophysiological processes. The imbalance and increase in the intracellular level of Ca2+ correlates with the activation of calpain and calcineurin. Inactivation of endogenous inhibitors and/or absence of exogenous pharmacological inhibitors of these enzymes may induce a cascade of intracellular mechanisms that are detrimental to the structural integrity and functional activity of neurons. The interrelated processes of Ca2+ imbalance, dysregulation of calpain and calcineurin are directly related to the development of intracellular pathophysiological reactions leading to the degeneration and death of selective neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The review briefly presents the characteristics of calpain and calcineurin, their interrelated role in the neurodegeneration processes. Data on the efficiency of the exogenous inhibitors (in vivo, in vitro) point out the potential role of pharmacological regulation of calpain and calcineurin for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Knaryan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - F P Sarukhanyan
- Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
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Yazla E, Kayadibi H, Cetin I, Aydinoglu U, Karadere ME. Evaluation of Changes in Peripheric Biomarkers Related to Blood Brain Barrier Damage in Patients with Schizophrenia and Their Correlation with Symptoms. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 20:504-513. [PMID: 35879035 PMCID: PMC9329119 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of peripheric biomarkers that have been associated with blood brain barrier (BBB) damage in healthy controls and two groups of patients with schizophrenia, those who received typical-atypical antipsychotics and those who received only atypical antipsychotics. Additionally, we sought relationships between these biomarkers and schizophrenia symptoms. Methods This study was conducted with the inclusion of 41 healthy volunteers and 75 patients with schizophrenia. The biomarkers measured to evaluate BBB injury were as follows spectrin breakdown product 145 (SBDP145), spectrin breakdown product 150 (SBDP150), ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), ubiquitin ligase cullin-3 (cullin), occludin and claudin, which were measured via ELISA. Symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), and the general assessment of functionality (GAF). Results Compared to controls, SBDP145 (p = 0.022) and cullin (p = 0.046) levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia receiving atypical antipsychotic treatment. SBDP150 levels were lower in the combination treatment group compared to the control group (p = 0.022). Claudin (p = 0.804), occludin (p = 0.058) and UCHL1 (p = 0.715) levels were similar among groups. In recipients of combination treatment, SBDP145 levels were found to be positively correlated with SAPS-total (r = 0.440, p = 0.036) and SAPS-delusions (r = 0.494, p = 0.017) scores. Conclusion The relationships demonstrated in this study indicate that more comprehensive research is needed to understand whether BBB defects contribute to clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yazla
- Department of Psychiatry, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Cetin
- Department of Biochemistry, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Unsal Aydinoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Corum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Karadere
- Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cetin I, Yazla E, Akmese B, Kayadibi H. A Preliminary Study on Investigation of Blood-Brain Barrier Damage Markers in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder Before and After Therapy. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:722-726. [PMID: 35997171 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The use of alcohol affects the central nervous system and plays important roles in various neurological disorders through neurotoxicity resulting from blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. The BBB is regulated by tight junction proteins interacting closely with endothelial cells. This study evaluated the serum levels of proteins and spectrin degradation products associated with BBB damage in patients with alcohol use disorder. METHODS This preliminary case-control study was conducted with 30 healthy volunteers and 26 alcohol use disorder patients. The serum levels of spectrin breakdown product 145 (SBDP145), spectrin breakdown product 150 (SBDP150), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), ubiquitin ligase cullin-3 (ULC), occludin and claudin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the levels of SBDP145, SBDP150, UCHL1, ULC, occludin and claudin before and after treatment in patients with alcohol use disorder. SBDP150 levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.841 (0.733-0.949) with the 95% confidence interval for SPDP150. CONCLUSION A decrease of the serum SBDP150 levels appears to be associated with alcohol use disorder. Future studies might clarify whether diminished serum SBDP150 levels are associated with BBB damage in patients with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Hitit, Corum, Turkey
| | - Ece Yazla
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Hitit, Corum, Turkey
| | - Bediha Akmese
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Hitit, Corum, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Kayadibi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Kaczmarczyk L, Schleif M, Dittrich L, Williams RH, Koderman M, Bansal V, Rajput A, Schulte T, Jonson M, Krost C, Testaquadra FJ, Bonn S, Jackson WS. Distinct translatome changes in specific neural populations precede electroencephalographic changes in prion-infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010747. [PMID: 35960762 PMCID: PMC9401167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective vulnerability is an enigmatic feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), whereby a widely expressed protein causes lesions in specific cell types and brain regions. Using the RiboTag method in mice, translational responses of five neural subtypes to acquired prion disease (PrD) were measured. Pre-onset and disease onset timepoints were chosen based on longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) that revealed a gradual increase in theta power between 10- and 18-weeks after prion injection, resembling a clinical feature of human PrD. At disease onset, marked by significantly increased theta power and histopathological lesions, mice had pronounced translatome changes in all five cell types despite appearing normal. Remarkably, at a pre-onset stage, prior to EEG and neuropathological changes, we found that 1) translatomes of astrocytes indicated reduced synthesis of ribosomal and mitochondrial components, 2) glutamatergic neurons showed increased expression of cytoskeletal genes, and 3) GABAergic neurons revealed reduced expression of circadian rhythm genes. These data demonstrate that early translatome responses to neurodegeneration emerge prior to conventional markers of disease and are cell type-specific. Therapeutic strategies may need to target multiple pathways in specific populations of cells, early in disease. Prions are infectious agents composed of a misfolded protein. When isolated from a mammalian brain and transferred to the same host species, prions will cause the same neurodegenerative disease affecting the same brain regions and cell types. This concept of selective vulnerability is also a feature of more common types of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. To better understand the mechanisms behind selective vulnerability, we studied disease responses of five cell types with different vulnerabilities in prion-infected mice at two different disease stages. Responses were measured as changes to mRNAs undergoing translation, referred to as the translatome. Before prion-infected mice demonstrated typical disease signs, electroencephalography (a method used clinically to characterize neurodegeneration in humans) revealed brain changes resembling those in human prion diseases, and surprisingly, the translatomes of all cells were drastically changed. Furthermore, before electroencephalography changes emerged, three cell types made unique responses while the most vulnerable cell type did not. These results suggests that mechanisms causing selective vulnerability will be difficult to dissect and that therapies will likely need to be provided before clinical signs emerge and individually engage multiple cell types and their distinct molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lech Kaczmarczyk
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melvin Schleif
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Dittrich
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Maruša Koderman
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ashish Rajput
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Maximon AG, Zug, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Jonson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Clemens Krost
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Walker S. Jackson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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KPNB1 modulates the Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 through activation of the mitochondrial protease CLPP. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:401. [PMID: 35794401 PMCID: PMC9259533 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) is characterized by a pathological expansion of the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-3 protein. Despite its primarily cytoplasmic localization, polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 accumulates in the nucleus and forms intranuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Due to these histopathological hallmarks, the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery has garnered attention as an important disease relevant mechanism. Here, we report on MJD cell model-based analysis of the nuclear transport receptor karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1) and its implications in the molecular pathogenesis of MJD. Although directly interacting with both wild-type and polyQ-expanded ataxin-3, modulating KPNB1 did not alter the intracellular localization of ataxin-3. Instead, overexpression of KPNB1 reduced ataxin-3 protein levels and the aggregate load, thereby improving cell viability. On the other hand, its knockdown and inhibition resulted in the accumulation of soluble and insoluble ataxin-3. Interestingly, the reduction of ataxin-3 was apparently based on protein fragmentation independent of the classical MJD-associated proteolytic pathways. Label-free quantitative proteomics and knockdown experiments identified mitochondrial protease CLPP as a potential mediator of the ataxin-3-degrading effect induced by KPNB1. We confirmed reduction of KPNB1 protein levels in MJD by analyzing two MJD transgenic mouse models and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from MJD patients. Our results reveal a yet undescribed regulatory function of KPNB1 in controlling the turnover of ataxin-3, thereby highlighting a new potential target of therapeutic value for MJD.
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Davis DL, Metzger DB, Vann PH, Wong JM, Subasinghe KH, Garlotte IK, Phillips NR, Shetty RA, Forster MJ, Sumien N. Sex differences in neurobehavioral consequences of methamphetamine exposure in adult mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2331-2349. [PMID: 35347365 PMCID: PMC9232998 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recreational and medical use of stimulants is increasing, and their use may increase susceptibility to aging and promote neurobehavioral impairments. The long-term consequences of these psychostimulants and how they interact with age have not been fully studied. OBJECTIVES Our study investigated whether chronic exposure to the prototypical psychostimulant, methamphetamine (METH), at doses designed to emulate human therapeutic dosing, would confer a pro-oxidizing redox shift promoting long-lasting neurobehavioral impairments. METHODS Groups of 4-month-old male and female C57BL/6 J mice were administered non-contingent intraperitoneal injections of either saline or METH (1.4 mg/kg) twice a day for 4 weeks. Mice were randomly assigned to one experimental group: (i) short-term cognitive assessments (at 5 months), (ii) long-term cognitive assessments (at 9.5 months), and (ii) longitudinal motor assessments (at 5, 7, and 9 months). Brain regions were assessed for oxidative stress and markers of neurotoxicity after behavior testing. RESULTS Chronic METH exposure induced short-term effects on associative memory, gait speed, dopamine (DA) signaling, astrogliosis in females, and spatial learning and memory, balance, DA signaling, and excitotoxicity in males. There were no long-term effects of chronic METH on cognition; however, it decreased markers of excitotoxicity in the striatum and exacerbated age-associated motor impairments in males. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cognitive and motor functions were differentially and sex-dependently affected by METH exposure, and oxidative stress did not seem to play a role in the observed behavioral outcomes. Future studies are necessary to continue exploring the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of drug use in both sexes and the relationship between aging and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kumudu H Subasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle K Garlotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ritu A Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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DeOre BJ, Partyka PP, Fan F, Galie PA. CD44 mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model through small GTPases RhoA and Rac1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22278. [PMID: 35436025 PMCID: PMC10758994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100822rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress is an important mediator of vascular permeability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of shear on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have yet to be clarified in cerebral vasculature despite its importance for brain homeostasis. The goal of this study is to probe components of shear mechanotransduction within the BBB to gain a better understanding of pathologies associated with changes in cerebral perfusion including ischemic stroke. Interrogating the effects of shear stress in vivo is complicated by the complexity of factors in the brain parenchyma and the difficulty associated with modulating blood flow regimes. The in vitro model used in this study is compatible with real-time measurement of barrier function using a transendothelial electrical resistance as well as immunocytochemistry and dextran permeability assays. These experiments reveal that there is a threshold level of shear stress required for barrier formation and that the composition of the extracellular matrix, specifically the presence of high molecular weight hyaluronan, dictates the flow response. Gene editing to modulate the expression of CD44, a mechanosensitive receptor for hyaluronan, demonstrates that the receptor is required for the endothelial response to shear stress. Manipulation of small GTPase activity reveals CD44 activates Rac1 while inhibiting RhoA activation. Additionally, adducin-γ localizes to tight junctions in response to shear stress and RhoA inhibition and is required to maintain the barrier. This study identifies specific components of the mechanosensing complex associated with the BBB response to fluid shear stress and, therefore, illuminates potential targets for barrier manipulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul P. Partyka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter A. Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. The mitochondrial electron transport chain contributes to calpain 1 activation during ischemia-reperfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:127-132. [PMID: 35550199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of calpain1 (CPN1) contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction during cardiac ischemia (ISC) - reperfusion (REP). Blockade of electron transport using amobarbital (AMO) protects mitochondria during ISC-REP, indicating that the electron transport chain (ETC) is a key source of mitochondrial injury. We asked if AMO treatment can decrease CPN1 activation as a potential mechanism of mitochondrial protection during ISC-REP. Buffer-perfused adult rat hearts underwent 25 min global ISC and 30 min REP. AMO (2.5 mM) or vehicle was administered for 1 min before ISC to block electron flow in the ETC. Hearts in the time control group were untreated and buffer perfused without ISC. Hearts were collected at the end of perfusion and used for mitochondrial isolation. ISC-REP increased both the cleavage of spectrin (indicating cytosolic CPN1 activation) in cytosol and the truncation of AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, indicating mitochondrial CPN1 activation) in subsarcolemmal mitochondria compared to time control. Thus, ISC-REP activated both cytosolic and mitochondrial CPN1. AMO treatment prevented the cleavage of spectrin and AIF during ISC-REP, suggesting that the transient blockade of electron transport during ISC decreases CPN1 activation. AMO treatment decreased the activation of PARP [poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase] downstream of AIF that triggers caspase-independent apoptosis. AMO treatment also decreased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during ISC-REP that prevented caspase 3 activation. These results support that the damaged ETC activates CPN1 in cytosol and mitochondria during ISC-REP, likely via calcium overload and oxidative stress. Thus, AMO treatment to mitigate mitochondrial-driven cardiac injury can decrease both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent programmed cell death during ISC-REP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
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11
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Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Bomkamp MP, Powers SK. Activation of Calpain Contributes to Mechanical Ventilation-Induced Depression of Protein Synthesis in Diaphragm Muscle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061028. [PMID: 35326479 PMCID: PMC8947683 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a clinical tool that provides respiratory support to patients unable to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation on their own. Although MV is often a life-saving intervention in critically ill patients, an undesired side-effect of prolonged MV is the rapid occurrence of diaphragmatic atrophy due to accelerated proteolysis and depressed protein synthesis. Investigations into the mechanism(s) responsible for MV-induced diaphragmatic atrophy reveal that activation of the calcium-activated protease, calpain, plays a key role in accelerating proteolysis in diaphragm muscle fibers. Moreover, active calpain has been reported to block signaling events that promote protein synthesis (i.e., inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation). While this finding suggests that active calpain can depress muscle protein synthesis, this postulate has not been experimentally verified. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that active calpain plays a key role in the MV-induced depression of both anabolic signaling events and protein synthesis in the diaphragm muscle. MV-induced activation of calpain in diaphragm muscle fibers was prevented by transgene overexpression of calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor of calpain. Our findings indicate that overexpression of calpastatin averts MV-induced activation of calpain in diaphragm fibers and rescues the MV-induced depression of protein synthesis in the diaphragm muscle. Surprisingly, deterrence of calpain activation did not impede the MV-induced inhibition of key anabolic signaling events including mTOR activation. However, blockade of calpain activation prevented the calpain-induced cleavage of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase in diaphragm fibers; this finding is potentially important because aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases play a central role in protein synthesis. Regardless of the mechanism(s) responsible for calpain’s depression of protein synthesis, these results provide the first evidence that active calpain plays an important role in promoting the MV-induced depression of protein synthesis within diaphragm fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W. Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (H.W.H.); (M.O.); (M.P.B.)
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (H.W.H.); (M.O.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Matthew P. Bomkamp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (H.W.H.); (M.O.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (H.W.H.); (M.O.); (M.P.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL 32720, USA
- Correspondence: author:
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12
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Barabás K, Kobolák J, Godó S, Kovács T, Ernszt D, Kecskés M, Varga C, Jánosi TZ, Fujiwara T, Kusumi A, Téglási A, Dinnyés A, Ábrahám IM. Live-Cell Imaging of Single Neurotrophin Receptor Molecules on Human Neurons in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413260. [PMID: 34948057 PMCID: PMC8708879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin receptors such as the tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptor (TrkA) and the low-affinity binding p75 neurotrophin receptor p75NTR play a critical role in neuronal survival and their functions are altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Changes in the dynamics of receptors on the plasma membrane are essential to receptor function. However, whether receptor dynamics are affected in different pathophysiological conditions is unexplored. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we examined the surface trafficking of TrkA and p75NTR molecules on live neurons that were derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) of presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutant familial AD (fAD) patients and non-demented control subjects. Our results show that the surface movement of TrkA and p75NTR and the activation of TrkA- and p75NTR-related phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling pathways are altered in neurons that are derived from patients suffering from fAD compared to controls. These results provide evidence for altered surface movement of receptors in AD and highlight the importance of investigating receptor dynamics in disease conditions. Uncovering these mechanisms might enable novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Barabás
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | | | - Soma Godó
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Tamás Kovács
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Miklós Kecskés
- NAP-B Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Csaba Varga
- NAP-B Cortical Microcircuits Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (M.K.); (C.V.)
| | - Tibor Z. Jánosi
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
| | - Takahiro Fujiwara
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kusumi
- Membrane Cooperativity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna 904-0495, Japan;
| | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary; (J.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - István M. Ábrahám
- NAP Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Institute, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (S.G.); (T.K.); (D.E.); (T.Z.J.); (I.M.Á.)
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13
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Sandebring-Matton A, Axenhus M, Bogdanovic N, Winblad B, Schedin-Weiss S, Nilsson P, Tjernberg LO. Microdissected Pyramidal Cell Proteomics of Alzheimer Brain Reveals Alterations in Creatine Kinase B-Type, 14-3-3-γ, and Heat Shock Cognate 71. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:735334. [PMID: 34867272 PMCID: PMC8641652 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.735334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel insights on proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are needed. Since multiple cell types and matrix components are altered in AD, bulk analysis of brain tissue maybe difficult to interpret. In the current study, we isolated pyramidal cells from the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus from five AD and five neurologically healthy donors using laser capture microdissection (LCM). The samples were analyzed by proteomics using 18O-labeled internal standard and nano-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for relative quantification. Fold change between AD and control was calculated for the proteins that were identified in at least two individual proteomes from each group. From the 10 cases analyzed, 62 proteins were identified in at least two AD cases and two control cases. Creatine kinase B-type (CKB), 14-3-3-γ, and heat shock cognate 71 (Hsc71), which have not been extensively studied in the context of the human AD brain previously, were selected for further studies by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In hippocampus, semi-quantitative measures of IHC staining of the three proteins confirmed the findings from our proteomic analysis. Studies of the same proteins in the frontal cortex revealed that the alterations remained for CKB and 14-3-3-γ but not for Hsc71. Protein upregulation in CA1 neurons of final stage AD is either a result of detrimental, pathological effects, or from cell-specific protective response mechanisms in surviving neurons. Based on previous findings from experimental studies, CKB and Hsc71 likely exhibit protective effects, whereas 14-3-3-γ may represent a detrimental pathway. These new players could reflect pathways of importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Axenhus
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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14
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Pal S, Bose D, Chakrabarti A, Chattopadhyay A. Comparative Analysis of Tryptophan Dynamics in Spectrin and Its Constituent Domains: Insights from Fluorescence. J Phys Chem B 2021; 126:1045-1053. [PMID: 34845910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein ubiquitous in metazoan cells that acts as a liaison between the plasma membrane and the cellular interior and imparts mechanical stability to the plasma membrane. Spectrin is known to be highly dynamic, with an appreciable degree of torsional and segmental mobility. In this context, we have earlier utilized the red edge excitation shift (REES) approach to report the retention of restricted solvation dynamics and local structure in the vicinity of spectrin tryptophans on urea denaturation and loss of spectrin secondary structure. As a natural progression of our earlier work, in this work, we carried out a biophysical dissection of tryptophan solvation and rotational dynamics in spectrin and its constituent domains, in order to trace the origin of local structure retention observed in denatured spectrin. Our results show that the ankyrin binding domain (and, to a lesser extent, the β-tetramerization domain) is capable of retention of local structure, similar to that observed for intact spectrin. However, all α-chain domains studied exhibit negligible retention of local structure on urea denaturation. Such a stark chain-specific retention of local structure could originate from the fact that the β-chain domains possess specialized functions, where conservation of local (structural) integrity may be a prerequisite for optimum cellular function. To the best of our knowledge, these observations represent one of the first systematic biophysical dissections of spectrin dynamics in terms of its constituent domains and add to emerging literature on comprehensive domain-based analysis of spectrin organization, dynamics, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Pal
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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15
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Chen YH, Chen YC, Hwang LL, Yang LY, Lu DY. Deficiency in Androgen Receptor Aggravates Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Pathophysiology and Motor Deficits in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206250. [PMID: 34684832 PMCID: PMC8537172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens have been shown to have a beneficial effect on brain injury and lower reactive astrocyte expression after TBI. Androgen receptors (ARs) are known to mediate the neuroprotective effects of androgens. However, whether ARs play a crucial role in TBI remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of ARs in TBI pathophysiology, using AR knockout (ARKO) mice. We used the controlled cortical impact model to produce primary and mechanical brain injuries and assessed motor function and brain-lesion volume. In addition, the AR knockout effects on necrosis and autophagy were evaluated after TBI. AR knockout significantly increased TBI-induced expression of the necrosis marker alpha-II-spectrin breakdown product 150 and astrogliosis marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. In addition, the TBI-induced astrogliosis increase in ARKO mice lasted for three weeks after a TBI. The autophagy marker Beclin-1 was also enhanced in ARKO mice compared with wild-type mice after TBI. Our results also indicated that ARKO mice showed a more unsatisfactory performance than wild-type mice in a motor function test following TBI. Further, they were observed to have more severe lesions than wild-type mice after injury. These findings strongly suggest that ARs play a role in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (L.-L.H.)
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (L.-L.H.)
| | - Ling-Ling Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-C.C.); (L.-L.H.)
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Laboratory of Neural Repair, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-422-053-366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-422-053-366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.Y.); (D.-Y.L.); Tel.: +886-422-053-366 (ext. 1615) (L.-Y.Y.); +886-422-053-366 (ext. 2253) (D.-Y.L.)
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16
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Asadi M, Taghizadeh S, Kaviani E, Vakili O, Taheri-Anganeh M, Tahamtan M, Savardashtaki A. Caspase-3: Structure, function, and biotechnological aspects. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1633-1645. [PMID: 34342377 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3, a cysteine-aspartic acid protease, has recently attracted much attention because of its incredible roles in tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. This enzyme is a key zymogen in cell apoptosis and is not activated until it is cleaved by initiator caspases during apoptotic flux. Since caspase-3 has represented valuable capabilities in the field of medical research, biotechnological aspects of this enzyme, including the production of recombinant type, protein engineering, and designing delivery systems, have been considered as emerging therapeutic strategies in treating the apoptosis-related disorders. To date, several advances have been made in the therapeutic use of caspase-3 in the management of some diseases such as cancers, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the current review, we intend to discuss the caspase-3's structure, functions, therapeutic applications, as well as its molecular cloning, protein engineering, and relevant delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elina Kaviani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Tahamtan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Wang Y, Wang J, Zuo YC, Jiang J, Tu T, Yan XX, Liu F. Elevation of CSF Sortilin Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patients and Experimental Model Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 470:23-36. [PMID: 34273414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause acute neuronal injury and chronic neurocognitive deficits; biomarkers reflecting its associated neuronal injury are of potential prognostic value. Sortilin, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10p (Vps10p) family, is enriched in neurons and is likely involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explored sortilin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a potential biomarker for early neuronal injury after SAH. Sortilin levels in the CSF of SAH patients (n = 11) and controls (n = 6) were analyzed by immunoblot. SAH rats surviving 3-72 h (h) were evaluated neurologically, with their brain and CSF samples examined histologically and biochemically. Sortilin protein ~100 kDa was detected in the CSF from SAH patients only, with its levels correlated to Hunt-Hess scale. Rats in the SAH groups showed poorer Garcia score and beam balancing capability than sham controls. Sortilin ~100 kDa was detectable in the CSF of the SAH, but not sham, animals. Levels of sortilin ~100 kDa and fragments ~40 kDa in cortical lysates were elevated in the SAH relative to control rats. Levels of cortical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also elevated in the SAH rats. In immunohistochemistry, the pattern of sortilin labeling in the brain was largely comparable between the SAH and control rats, whereas an increased astrocytic GFAP immunolabeling was evident in the former. Together, these results suggest that SAH can cause an early and remarkable rise of sortilin products in CSF, likely reflecting neuronal change. Sortilin could be further explored as a potential biomarker in some brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Yu-Chun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
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18
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Knopp RC, Jastaniah A, Dubrovskyi O, Gaisina I, Tai L, Thatcher GRJ. Extending the Calpain-Cathepsin Hypothesis to the Neurovasculature: Protection of Brain Endothelial Cells and Mice from Neurotrauma. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:372-385. [PMID: 33615187 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The calpain-cathepsin hypothesis posits a key role for elevated calpain-1 and cathepsin-B activity in the neurodegeneration underlying neurotrauma and multiple disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD clinical trials were recently halted on alicapistat, a selective calpain-1 inhibitor, because of insufficient exposure of neurons to the drug. In contrast to neuroprotection, the ability of calpain-1 and cathepsin-B inhibitors to protect the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is understudied. Since cerebrovascular dysfunction underlies vascular dementia, is caused by ischemic stroke, and is emerging as an early feature in the progression of AD, we studied protection of brain endothelial cells (BECs) by selective and nonselective calpain-1 and cathepsin-B inhibitors. We show these inhibitors protect both neurons and murine BECs from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cultures of primary BECs from ALDH2 -/- mice that manifest enhanced oxidative stress were sensitive to ischemia, leading to reduced cell viability and loss of tight junction proteins; this damage was rescued by calpain-1 and cathepsin-B inhibitors. In ALDH2 -/- mice 24 h after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), BBB damage was reflected by significantly increased fluorescein extravasation and perturbation of tight junction proteins, eNOS, MMP-9, and GFAP. Both calpain and cathepsin-B inhibitors alleviated BBB dysfunction caused by mTBI. No clear advantage was shown by selective versus nonselective calpain inhibitors in these studies. The lack of recognition of the ability of calpain inhibitors to protect the BBB may have led to the premature abandonment of this therapeutic approach in AD clinical trials and requires further mechanistic studies of cerebrovascular protection by calpain-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Ammar Jastaniah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Irina Gaisina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Leon Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Spinozzi S, Albini S, Best H, Richard I. Calpains for dummies: What you need to know about the calpain family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140616. [PMID: 33545367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review was written in memory of our late friend, Dr. Hiroyuki Sorimachi, who, following the steps of his mentor Koichi Suzuki, a pioneer in calpain research, has made tremendous contributions to the field. During his career, Hiro also wrote several reviews on calpain, the last of which, published in 2016, was comprehensive. In this manuscript, we decided to put together a review with the basic information a novice may need to know about calpains. We also tried to avoid similarities with previous reviews and reported the most significant new findings, at the same time highlighting Hiro's contributions to the field. The review will cover a short history of calpain discovery, the presentation of the family, the life of calpain from transcription to activity, human diseases caused by calpain mutations and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Spinozzi
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Sonia Albini
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Heather Best
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Genethon, 1 bis, Rue de l'Internationale - 91000 Evry, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare Research Unit UMR_S951, 91000, Evry, France.
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20
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Li X, Pierre K, Yang Z, Nguyen L, Johnson G, Venetucci J, Torres I, Lucke-Wold B, Shi Y, Boutte A, Shear D, Leung LY, Wang KK. Blood-Based Brain and Global Biomarker Changes after Combined Hypoxemia and Hemorrhagic Shock in a Rat Model of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2021; 2:370-380. [PMID: 34901937 PMCID: PMC8655796 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) often occurs with systemic insults such as hemorrhagic shock (HS) and hypoxemic (HX). This study examines rat models of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) and HX+HS to assess whether the blood levels of brain and systemic response biomarkers phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy protein (pNF-H), neurofilament-light protein (NF-L), αII-spectrin, heat shock protein (HSP70), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) can distinguish pTBI from systemic insults and guide in pTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to sham, PBBI, HS+HX, and PBBI+HS+HX groups. PBBI and sham groups underwent craniotomy with and without probe insertion and balloon expansion, respectively. HX and HS was then simulated by blood withdrawal and fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) reduction. Biomarker serum concentrations were determined at one (D1) and two (D2) days post-injury with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Axonal injury-linked biomarkers pNF-H and NF-L serum levels in PBBI groups were higher than those in sham and HX+HS groups at D1 and D2 post-injury. The same was true for PBBI+HX+HS compared with sham (D2 only for pNF-H) and HX+HS groups. However, pNF-H and NF-L levels in PBBI+HX+HS groups were not different than their PBBI counterparts. At D1, αII-spectrin levels in the HX+HS and PBBI+HS+HX groups were higher than the sham groups. αII-spectrin levels in the HX+HS group were higher than the PBBI group. This suggests HX+HS as the common insult driving αII-spectrin elevations. In conclusion, pNF-H and NF-L may serve as specific serum biomarkers of pTBI in the presence or absence of systemic insults. αII-spectrin may be a sensitive acute biomarker in detecting systemic insults occurring alone or with pTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kevin Pierre
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabrielle Johnson
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Juliana Venetucci
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Isabel Torres
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Shi
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Angela Boutte
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lai Yee Leung
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin K.W. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- *Address correspondence to: Kevin K.W. Wang, PhD, Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics, and Biomarker Research (NNBR), Department of Emergency Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Room LG-128, University of Florida, 1149 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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21
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Khan MM, Välikangas T, Khan MH, Moulder R, Ullah U, Bhosale SD, Komsi E, Butt U, Qiao X, Westermarck J, Elo LL, Lahesmaa R. Protein interactome of the Cancerous Inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in Th17 cells. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 1:10-22. [PMID: 33817627 PMCID: PMC8008788 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is involved in immune response, cancer progression, and Alzheimer's disease. However, an understanding of the mechanistic basis of its function in this wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes is limited due to its poorly characterized interaction networks. Here we present the first systematic characterization of the CIP2A interactome by affinity-purification mass spectrometry combined with validation by selected reaction monitoring targeted mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) analysis in T helper (Th) 17 (Th17) cells. In addition to the known regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the catalytic subunits of protein PP2A were found to be interacting with CIP2A. Furthermore, the regulatory (PPP1R18, and PPP1R12A) and catalytic (PPP1CA) subunits of phosphatase PP1 were identified among the top novel CIP2A interactors. Evaluation of the ontologies associated with the proteins in this interactome revealed that they were linked with RNA metabolic processing and splicing, protein traffic, cytoskeleton regulation and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation processes. Taken together, this network of protein-protein interactions will be important for understanding and further exploring the biological processes and mechanisms regulated by CIP2A both in physiological and pathological conditions. The first characterisation of the CIP2A interactome in Th17 cells. Key interactions validated by targeted SRM-MS proteomics, western blot and confocal microscopy. Pathway analysis of the interactome revealed interrelationships with proteins across a broad range of cellular processes. The study identifies for the first time the interaction of phosphatase PP1 with CIP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Moin Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Doctoral Programme in Mathematics and Computer Sciences (MATTI), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meraj Hasan Khan
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Moulder
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Santosh Dilip Bhosale
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Umar Butt
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Xi Qiao
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Corresponding author. Turku Bioscience Centre, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku, 20520, Finland.
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22
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Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Nguyen BL, Deminice R, Powers SK. Calpains play an essential role in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness and mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101802. [PMID: 33279868 PMCID: PMC7724197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention for many critically ill patients. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of prolonged MV is the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, known as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Although the mechanism(s) responsible for VIDD are not fully understood, abundant evidence reveals that oxidative stress leading to the activation of the major proteolytic systems (i.e., autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome, caspase, and calpain) plays a dominant role. Of the proteolytic systems involved in VIDD, calpain has received limited experimental attention due to the longstanding dogma that calpain plays a minor role in inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Guided by preliminary experiments, we tested the hypothesis that activation of calpains play an essential role in MV-induced oxidative stress and the development of VIDD. This premise was rigorously tested by transgene overexpression of calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor of calpains. Animals with/without transfection of the calpastatin gene in diaphragm muscle fibers were exposed to 12 h of MV. Results confirmed that overexpression of calpastatin barred MV-induced activation of calpain in diaphragm fibers. Importantly, deterrence of calpain activation protected the diaphragm against MV-induced oxidative stress, fiber atrophy, and contractile dysfunction. Moreover, prevention of calpain activation in the diaphragm forstalled MV-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented MV-induced activation of caspase-3 along with the transcription of muscle specific E3 ligases. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that calpain activation plays an essential role in the early development of VIDD. Further, these findings provide the first direct evidence that calpain plays an important function in inactivity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers. Inhibiting calpains during mechanical ventilation protects the diaphragm. Calpains play an important role in muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Calpain inhibition during mechanical ventilation prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. Calpain-cleaved molecules may play important signaling roles. Calpain activation cross-talks with other proteolytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Yahya E, Quach D, Bi X, Baudry M. Calpain-2 activation in mouse hippocampus plays a critical role in seizure-induced neuropathology. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105149. [PMID: 33132163 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain has been proposed to play a critical role in the development of epilepsy. Here we used conditional calpain-2 knock-out (C2CKO) mice in a C57/Bl6 background and a selective calpain-2 inhibitor to analyze the role of calpain-2 in epilepsy. Neurodegeneration was evident in various hippocampal subfields, in particular in mossy cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus (DG) in C57/Bl6 mice 7 days after kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Calpain-2 activation was still observed in mossy cells 7 days after seizures. Calpain activation, astroglial and microglial activation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment were absent in C2CKO mice and in C57/Bl6 mice treated with a selective calpain-2 inhibitor for 7 days after seizure initiation. Levels of the potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) were decreased in mossy cells 7 days after seizures and this decrease was prevented by calpain-2 deletion or selective inhibition. Our results indicate that prolonged calpain-2 activation plays a critical role in neuropathology following seizures. A selective calpain-2 inhibitor could represent a therapeutic treatment for seizure-induced neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Emad Yahya
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Diana Quach
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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24
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Smalley JL, Kontou G, Choi C, Ren Q, Albrecht D, Abiraman K, Santos MAR, Bope CE, Deeb TZ, Davies PA, Brandon NJ, Moss SJ. Isolation and Characterization of Multi-Protein Complexes Enriched in the K-Cl Co-transporter 2 From Brain Plasma Membranes. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:563091. [PMID: 33192291 PMCID: PMC7643010 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.563091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kcc2 plays a critical role in determining the efficacy of synaptic inhibition, however, the cellular mechanisms neurons use to regulate its membrane trafficking, stability and activity are ill-defined. To address these issues, we used affinity purification to isolate stable multi-protein complexes of K-Cl Co-transporter 2 (Kcc2) from the plasma membrane of murine forebrain. We resolved these using blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) coupled to LC-MS/MS and label-free quantification. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021368. Purified Kcc2 migrated as distinct molecular species of 300, 600, and 800 kDa following BN-PAGE. In excess of 90% coverage of the soluble N- and C-termini of Kcc2 was obtained. In total we identified 246 proteins significantly associated with Kcc2. The 300 kDa species largely contained Kcc2, which is consistent with a dimeric quaternary structure for this transporter. The 600 and 800 kDa species represented stable multi-protein complexes of Kcc2. We identified a set of novel structural, ion transporting, immune related and signaling protein interactors, that are present at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, consistent with the proposed localization of Kcc2. These included spectrins, C1qa/b/c and the IP3 receptor. We also identified interactors more directly associated with phosphorylation; Akap5, Akap13, and Lmtk3. Finally, we used LC-MS/MS on the same purified endogenous plasma membrane Kcc2 to detect phosphorylation sites. We detected 11 sites with high confidence, including known and novel sites. Collectively our experiments demonstrate that Kcc2 is associated with components of the neuronal cytoskeleton and signaling molecules that may act to regulate transporter membrane trafficking, stability, and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Georgina Kontou
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,AstraZeneca Tufts Lab for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qiu Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Albrecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,AstraZeneca Tufts Lab for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Krithika Abiraman
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,AstraZeneca Tufts Lab for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Christopher E Bope
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,AstraZeneca Tufts Lab for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul A Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Tufts Lab for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, MA, United States.,Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Hyatt HW, Powers SK. The Role of Calpains in Skeletal Muscle Remodeling with Exercise and Inactivity-induced Atrophy. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:994-1008. [PMID: 32679598 DOI: 10.1055/a-1199-7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are cysteine proteases expressed in skeletal muscle fibers and other cells. Although calpain was first reported to act as a kinase activating factor in skeletal muscle, the consensus is now that calpains play a canonical role in protein turnover. However, recent evidence reveals new and exciting roles for calpains in skeletal muscle. This review will discuss the functions of calpains in skeletal muscle remodeling in response to both exercise and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Calpains participate in protein turnover and muscle remodeling by selectively cleaving target proteins and creating fragmented proteins that can be further degraded by other proteolytic systems. Nonetheless, an often overlooked function of calpains is that calpain-mediated cleavage of proteins can result in fragmented proteins that are biologically active and have the potential to actively influence cell signaling. In this manner, calpains function beyond their roles in protein turnover and influence downstream signaling effects. This review will highlight both the canonical and noncanonical roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle remodeling including sarcomere transformation, membrane repair, triad junction formation, regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, protein turnover, cell signaling, and mitochondrial function. We conclude with a discussion of key unanswered questions regarding the roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hyatt
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Scott K Powers
- Applied Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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26
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Nham A, Sherbaf A, Quach D, Yahya E, Ranburger D, Bi X, Baudry M. Calpain-2 as a therapeutic target in repeated concussion-induced neuropathy and behavioral impairment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/27/eaba5547. [PMID: 32937436 PMCID: PMC7458466 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repeated concussion represents a serious health problem as it can result in various brain pathologies, ranging from minor focal tissue injury to severe chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The calcium-dependent protease, calpain, participates in the development of neurodegeneration following concussion, but there is no information regarding the relative contribution of calpain-1 and calpain-2, the major calpain isoforms in the brain. We used a mouse model of repeated concussions, which reproduces most of the behavioral and neuropathological features of the human condition, to address this issue. Deletion of calpain-2 or treatment with a selective calpain-2 inhibitor for 2 weeks prevented most of these neuropathological features. Changes in TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) subcellular localization similar to those found in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia were also prevented by deletion of calpain-2 or treatment with calpain-2 inhibitor. Our results indicate that a selective calpain-2 inhibitor represents a therapeutic approach for concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Amy Nham
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Arash Sherbaf
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Diana Quach
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Emad Yahya
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davis Ranburger
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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27
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Mehta T, Fayyaz M, Giler GE, Kaur H, Raikwar SP, Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Thangavel R, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Govindarajan R, Zaheer A. Current Trends in Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury. OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY & NEUROSURGERY 2020; 12:86-94. [PMID: 32775958 PMCID: PMC7410004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrauma, especially Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major health concern not only for the civilian population but also for the military personnel. Currently there are no precision and regenerative therapies available for the successful treatment of TBI patients. Hence, early detection and treatment options may prevent the severity and untoward harmful effects of TBI. However, currently there are no effective biomarkers available for the rapid and robust diagnosis as well as prognosis of TBI. Several biomarkers in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva and urine have been explored to assess the onset, progression, severity and prognosis of TBI recently. Present knowledge on the blood biomarkers including cytokines and chemokines and in vivo imaging modalities are useful to some extent to detect and treat TBI patients. Here, we review S100B, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), tau protein, and alpha spectrin II break down products regarding their usefulness as a set of reliable biomarkers for the robust diagnosis of TBI. We suggest that these biomarkers may prove very useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Mehta
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Muniba Fayyaz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gema E Giler
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar Iyer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raghav Govindarajan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA
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28
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Zolochevska O, Bjorklund N, Woltjer R, Wiktorowicz JE, Taglialatela G. Postsynaptic Proteome of Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:659-682. [PMID: 30103319 PMCID: PMC6130411 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals, here referred to as Non-Demented with Alzheimer’s Neuropathology (NDAN), retain their cognitive function despite the presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles typical of symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In NDAN, unlike AD, toxic amyloid-β oligomers do not localize to the postsynaptic densities (PSDs). Synaptic resistance to amyloid-β in NDAN may thus enable these individuals to remain cognitively intact despite the AD-like pathology. The mechanism(s) responsible for this resistance remains unresolved and understanding such protective biological processes could reveal novel targets for the development of effective treatments for AD. The present study uses a proteomic approach to compare the hippocampal postsynaptic densities of NDAN, AD, and healthy age-matched persons to identify protein signatures characteristic for these groups. Subcellular fractionation followed by 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the PSDs. We describe fifteen proteins which comprise the unique proteomic signature of NDAN PSDs, thus setting them apart from control subjects and AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zolochevska
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Bjorklund
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Randall Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John E Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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29
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Colciaghi F, Nobili P, Cipelletti B, Cagnoli C, Zambon S, Locatelli D, de Curtis M, Battaglia GS. Targeting PSD95-nNOS interaction by Tat-N-dimer peptide during status epilepticus is neuroprotective in MAM-pilocarpine rat model. Neuropharmacology 2019; 153:82-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Lubbers ER, Murphy NP, Musa H, Huang CYM, Gupta R, Price MV, Han M, Daoud G, Gratz D, El Refaey M, Xu X, Hoeflinger NK, Friel EL, Lancione P, Wallace MJ, Cavus O, Simmons SL, Williams JL, Skaf M, Koenig SN, Janssen PML, Rasband MN, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ. Defining new mechanistic roles for αII spectrin in cardiac function. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9576-9591. [PMID: 31064843 PMCID: PMC6579463 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are cytoskeletal proteins essential for membrane biogenesis and regulation and serve critical roles in protein targeting and cellular signaling. αII spectrin (SPTAN1) is one of two α spectrin genes and αII spectrin dysfunction is linked to alterations in axon initial segment formation, cortical lamination, and neuronal excitability. Furthermore, human αII spectrin loss-of-function variants cause neurological disease. As global αII spectrin knockout mice are embryonic lethal, the in vivo roles of αII spectrin in adult heart are unknown and untested. Here, based on pronounced alterations in αII spectrin regulation in human heart failure we tested the in vivo roles of αII spectrin in the vertebrate heart. We created a mouse model of cardiomyocyte-selective αII spectrin-deficiency (cKO) and used this model to define the roles of αII spectrin in cardiac function. αII spectrin cKO mice displayed significant structural, cellular, and electrical phenotypes that resulted in accelerated structural remodeling, fibrosis, arrhythmia, and mortality in response to stress. At the molecular level, we demonstrate that αII spectrin plays a nodal role for global cardiac spectrin regulation, as αII spectrin cKO hearts exhibited remodeling of αI spectrin and altered β-spectrin expression and localization. At the cellular level, αII spectrin deficiency resulted in altered expression, targeting, and regulation of cardiac ion channels NaV1.5 and KV4.3. In summary, our findings define critical and unexpected roles for the multifunctional αII spectrin protein in the heart. Furthermore, our work provides a new in vivo animal model to study the roles of αII spectrin in the cardiomyocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R Lubbers
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- the Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology and
| | - Nathaniel P Murphy
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- the Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology and
| | - Hassan Musa
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Claire Yu-Mei Huang
- the Department of Neuroscience and Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Rohan Gupta
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Morgan V Price
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Mei Han
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Georges Daoud
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Daniel Gratz
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 432310
| | - Mona El Refaey
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Xianyao Xu
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Nicole K Hoeflinger
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Emma L Friel
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Peter Lancione
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Michael J Wallace
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Omer Cavus
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Samantha L Simmons
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Jordan L Williams
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Michel Skaf
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Sara N Koenig
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
- the Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology and
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 432310
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- the Department of Neuroscience and Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Thomas J Hund
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 432310
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 432310
| | - Peter J Mohler
- From the Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia,
- the Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology and
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 432310
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Liang X, Liu X, Lu F, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Ferriero DM. HIF1α Signaling in the Endogenous Protective Responses after Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 40:1-10. [PMID: 30836371 PMCID: PMC6728223 DOI: 10.1159/000495879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis, and its target genes mediate adaptive, protective, and pathological processes. The role of HIF1α in neuronal survival is controversial and the brain maturation stage is important in determining its function in brain ischemia or hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In this study, we used neuron-specific HIF1α knockout mice at postnatal day 9 (P9), and immature cortical neurons (days 7-8 in vitro) treated with the HIF1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) or stabilizer dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), to examine the function of neuronal HIF1α in neonatal HI in vivo (Vannucci model) and in vitro (oxygen glucose deprivation, OGD). Inhibition of HIF1α with 2ME2 in primary neurons or deletion of neuronal HIF1α in P9 mice increased both necrotic and apoptotic cell death following HI, as evaluated by the protein levels of 145/150-kDa and 120-kDa spectrin breakdown products 24 h after HI. DMOG attenuated neuronal death right after OGD. Acute pharmacological manipulation of HIF1α synchronously regulated the expression of its targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (Epo), in the same manner. The in vivo findings agree with our previous data using the same HIF1α-deficient mice at an earlier age. This study confirms the role of neuronal HIF1α signaling in the endogenous protective responses following HI in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Central Laboratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,
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32
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Thow LA, MacDonald K, Holmes WM, Muir KW, Macrae IM, Dewar D. Hyperglycaemia does not increase perfusion deficits after focal cerebral ischaemia in male Wistar rats. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818794820. [PMID: 32166145 PMCID: PMC7058243 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818794820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperglycaemia is associated with a worse outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients; yet the pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage are poorly understood. We hypothesised that hyperglycaemia at the time of stroke onset exacerbates ischaemic brain damage by increasing the severity of the blood flow deficit. Methods: Adult, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive vehicle or glucose solutions prior to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Cerebral blood flow was assessed semi-quantitatively either 1 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion using 99mTc-D, L-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) autoradiography or, in a separate study, using quantitative pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling for 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion weighted imaging was performed alongside pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling and acute lesion volumes calculated from apparent diffusion coefficient maps. Infarct volume was measured at 24 h using rapid acquisition with refocused echoes T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Glucose administration had no effect on the severity of ischaemia when assessed by either 99mTc-HMPAO autoradiography or pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling perfusion imaging. In comparison to the vehicle group, apparent diffusion coefficient–derived lesion volume 2–4 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion and infarct volume 24 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion were significantly greater in the glucose group. Conclusions: Hyperglycaemia increased acute lesion and infarct volumes but there was no evidence that the acute blood flow deficit was exacerbated. The data reinforce the conclusion that the detrimental effects of hyperglycaemia are rapid, and that treatment of post-stroke hyperglycaemia in the acute period is essential but the mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced harm remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Thow
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathleen MacDonald
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William M Holmes
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I Mhairi Macrae
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Deborah Dewar
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Magalhães DM, Pereira N, Rombo DM, Beltrão-Cavacas C, Sebastião AM, Valente CA. Ex vivo model of epilepsy in organotypic slices-a new tool for drug screening. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:203. [PMID: 29996878 PMCID: PMC6042335 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder worldwide. It is characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures and its development is accompanied by alterations in many cellular processes. Organotypic slice cultures represent a multicellular environment with the potential to assess biological mechanisms, and they are used as a starting point for refining molecules for in vivo studies. Here, we investigated organotypic slice cultures as a model of epilepsy. METHODS We assessed, by electrophysiological recordings, the spontaneous activity of organotypic slices maintained under different culture protocols. Moreover, we evaluated, through molecular-based approaches, neurogenesis, neuronal death, gliosis, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain) as biomarkers of neuroinflammation. RESULTS We demonstrated that organotypic slices, maintained under a serum deprivation culture protocol, develop epileptic-like activity. Furthermore, throughout a comparative study with slices that do not depict any epileptiform activity, slices with epileptiform activity were found to display significant differences in terms of inflammation-related features, such as (1) increased neuronal death, with higher incidence in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus; (2) activation of astrocytes and microglia, assessed through western blot and immunohistochemistry; (3) upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, revealed by qPCR; and (4) enhanced expression of NLRP3, assessed by western blot, together with increased NLRP3 activation, showed by IL-1β quantification. CONCLUSIONS Thus, organotypic slice cultures gradually deprived of serum mimic the epileptic-like activity, as well as the inflammatory events associated with in vivo epilepsy. This system can be considered a new tool to explore the interplay between neuroinflammation and epilepsy and to screen potential drug candidates, within the inflammatory cascades, to reduce/halt epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Magalhães
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Noémia Pereira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo M Rombo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Beltrão-Cavacas
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Li N, Hu P, Xu T, Chen H, Chen X, Hu J, Yang X, Shi L, Luo JH, Xu J. iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis of APPSw,Ind Mice Provides Insights into the Early Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 14:1109-1122. [PMID: 28730955 PMCID: PMC5676024 DOI: 10.2174/1567205014666170719165745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several proteins have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers in imaging, genetic, or proteomic studies in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and mouse models. However, biomarkers for presymptom diagnosis of AD are still under investigation, as are the presymptom molecular changes in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to analyzed the early proteomic changes in APPSw,Ind mice and to conduct further functional studies on interesting proteins. METHODS We used the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach combined with mass spectrometry to examine the early proteomic changes in hippocampi of APPSw,Ind mice. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immuno-blotting were performed for further validation. Finally, the functions of interesting proteins β-spectrin and Rab3a in APP trafficking and processing were tested by shRNA knockdown, in N2A cells stably expressing β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). RESULTS The iTRAQ and RT-PCR results revealed the detailed molecular changes in oxidative stress, myelination, astrocyte activation, mTOR signaling and Rab3-dependent APP trafficking in the early stage of AD progression. Knock down of β -spectrin and Rab3a finally led to increased APP fragment production, indicating key roles of β-spectrin and Rab3a in regulating APP processing. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first insights into the proteomic changes that occur in the hippocampus in the early stages of the AD mouse model. In addition to improving the understanding of molecular alterations and functional cascades involved in early AD pathogenesis, our findings raise the possibility of developing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Pinghong Hu
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai. China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen. China
| | - Jian-Hong Luo
- Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Ministry of Health, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058. China
| | - Junyu Xu
- Center of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou. China
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Hong JY, Park SY, Kim Y, Lee CY, Lee MG. Calpain and spectrin breakdown products as potential biomarkers in tuberculous pleural effusion. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:2558-2566. [PMID: 29997916 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remains difficult. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent endopeptidase that plays an important role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and collagen synthesis. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of pleural fluid angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), calpain-1, spectrin breakdown products (SBDP), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in TPE and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Methods The study included 47 patients with TPE, 28 patients with MPE, and 10 patients with transudate of non-tuberculous and non-malignant origin as controls. Calpain-1, ACE, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels in pleural fluid were measured by the ELISA method. Results ACE, calpain-1, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels were higher in TPE than MPE and transudate (all, P<0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, adenosine deaminase (ADA) ≥40 IU/mL, calpain-1 ≥787 ng/mL, and SBDP ≥2.745 ng/mL were independent factors associated with TPE. The predicted probability of TPE based on these three predictors had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.985, with 97.9% sensitivity and 86.6% specificity under a cut-off value of 0.326. In patients with TPE, residual pulmonary thickening (RPT) was associated with significantly higher calpain-1, SBDP, and MMP-1 levels (all, P<0.05) versus cases without RPT. Conclusions Our results suggest that the overproduction of calpain-1 and SBDP is associated with pleural fibrosis in tuberculous pleurisy. While ADA is a conventional marker for diagnostic TPE, the simultaneous measurement of calpain-1 and SBDP l in pleural fluid may improve the diagnostic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Youl Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Goo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.,Lung Research Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Tanqueiro SR, Ramalho RM, Rodrigues TM, Lopes LV, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ. Inhibition of NMDA Receptors Prevents the Loss of BDNF Function Induced by Amyloid β. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:237. [PMID: 29695962 PMCID: PMC5904251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays important functions in cell survival and differentiation, neuronal outgrowth and plasticity. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), BDNF signaling is known to be impaired, partially because amyloid β (Aβ) induces truncation of BDNF main receptor, TrkB-full length (TrkB-FL). We have previously shown that such truncation is mediated by calpains, results in the formation of an intracellular domain (ICD) fragment and causes BDNF loss of function. Since calpains are Ca2+-dependent proteases, we hypothesized that excessive intracellular Ca2+ build-up could be due to dysfunctional N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation. To experimentally address this hypothesis, we investigated whether TrkB-FL truncation by calpains and consequent BDNF loss of function could be prevented by NMDAR blockade. We herein demonstrate that a NMDAR antagonist, memantine, prevented excessive calpain activation and TrkB-FL truncation induced by Aβ25–35. When calpains were inhibited by calpastatin, BDNF was able to increase the dendritic spine density of neurons exposed to Aβ25135. Moreover, NMDAR inhibition by memantine also prevented Aβ-driven deleterious impact of BDNF loss of function on structural (spine density) and functional outcomes (synaptic potentiation). Collectively, these findings support NMDAR/Ca2+/calpains mechanistic involvement in Aβ-triggered BDNF signaling disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita M Ramalho
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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37
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Cetin I, Demirel OF. Increased serum levels of spectrin degradation products in patients with schizophrenia. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2017-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:Under various patho-physiological and physiological conditions, spectrin breakdown reactions generate several spectrin breakdown products of 120 kDa (SBDP120) and 145 kDa (SBDP145). Previous studies indicating that there is the existence of a raised breakdown of α-spectrin in schizophrenic left superior temporal cortices. In this study, we aimed to investigate serum levels of SBDP120 and SBDP145, which has not been previously examined, and investigate their relationships with clinical parameters in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Forty-four patients with schizophrenia, followed by psychotic disorders unit, and 44 healthy controls, age and gender-matched volunteers with no psychiatric history, were included in this study. Sociodemographic form was applied to both groups. Turkish version of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were implemented to the patients. Serum SBDP120 and SBDP145 levels were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay.Results:Serum SBDP120 ng/mL and SBDP145 ng/mL levels of the patients with schizophrenia were significantly higher than healthy controls. Even more important, serum SBDP120 levels were positively correlated with PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusions:These findings may provide evidence for disturbance of neuroplasticity, membrane/cytoskeleton stability, dynamics, and remodelling in schizophrenia patients and support the neurogenerative theories for explaining the etiology of schizophrenia.
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38
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpains represent a family of neutral, calcium-dependent proteases, which modify the function of their target proteins by partial truncation. These proteases have been implicated in numerous cell functions, including cell division, proliferation, migration, and death. In the CNS, where calpain-1 and calpain-2 are the main calpain isoforms, their activation has been linked to synaptic plasticity as well as to neurodegeneration. This review will focus on the role of calpain-2 in acute neuronal injury and discuss the possibility of developing selective calpain-2 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Areas covered: This review covers the literature showing how calpain-2 is implicated in neuronal death in a number of pathological conditions. The possibility of developing new selective calpain-2 inhibitors for treating these conditions is discussed. Expert opinion: As evidence accumulates that calpain-2 activation participates in acute neuronal injury, there is interest in developing therapeutic approaches using selective calpain-2 inhibitors. Recent data indicate the potential use of such inhibitors in various pathologies associated with acute neuronal death. The possibility of extending the use of such inhibitors to more chronic forms of neurodegeneration is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, COMP Western University of Health Sciences 309 E. 2 St., Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- Department of Basic Science, COMP Western University of Health Sciences 309 E. 2 St., Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, COMP Western University of Health Sciences 309 E. 2 St., Pomona, CA 91766
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39
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Lopez D, Lee M, Dayal S, Hurtado A, Bi X, Baudry M. Protection against TBI-Induced Neuronal Death with Post-Treatment with a Selective Calpain-2 Inhibitor in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:105-117. [PMID: 28594313 PMCID: PMC5757088 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The calcium-dependent protease, calpain, has been shown to be involved in TBI-induced neuronal death. However, whereas various calpain inhibitors have been tested in several animal models of TBI, there has not been any clinical trial testing the efficacy of calpain inhibitors in human TBI. One important reason for this could be the lack of knowledge regarding the differential functions of the two major calpain isoforms in the brain, calpain-1 and calpain-2. In this study, we used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model in mice to test the roles of calpain-1 and calpain-2 in TBI-induced neuronal death. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with calpain activity markers performed at different time-points after CCI in wild-type and calpain-1 knock-out (KO) mice showed that calpain-1 was activated early in cortical areas surrounding the impact, within 0-8 h after CCI, whereas calpain-2 activation was delayed and was predominant during 8-72 h after CCI. Calpain-1 KO enhanced cell death, whereas calpain-2 activity correlated with the extent of cell death, suggesting that calpain-1 activation suppresses and calpain-2 activation promotes cell death following TBI. Systemic injection(s) of a calpain-2 selective inhibitor, NA101, at 1 h or 4 h after CCI significantly reduced calpain-2 activity and cell death around the impact site, reduced the lesion volume, and promoted motor and learning function recovery after TBI. Our data indicate that calpain-1 activity is neuroprotective and calpain-2 activity is neurodegenerative after TBI, and that a selective calpain-2 inhibitor can reduce TBI-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Wang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Dulce Lopez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Moses Lee
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | | | - Alexander Hurtado
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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Noor AF, Soo TCC, Ghani FM, Goh ZH, Khoo LT, Bhassu S. Dystrophin gene expression and intracellular calcium changes in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, in response to white spot symptom disease infection. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00446. [PMID: 29322096 PMCID: PMC5753624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dystrophin, an essential protein functional in the maintenance of muscle structural integrity is known to be responsible for muscle deterioration during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection among prawn species. Previous studies have shown the upregulation of dystrophin protein in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (the giant freshwater prawn) upon white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. The literature has also suggested the important role of calcium ion alterations in causing such muscle diseases. Thus, the interest of this study lies within the linkage between dystrophin functioning, intracellular calcium and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection condition. Methods In this study, the dystrophin gene from M. rosenbergii (MrDys) was first characterised followed by the characterization of dystrophin gene from a closely related shrimp species, Penaeus monodon (PmDys). Dystrophin sequences from different phyla were then used for evolutionary comparison through BLAST analysis, conserved domain analysis and phylogenetic analysis. The changes in mRNA expression levels of dystrophin and the alteration of intracellular calcium concentrations in WSSV infected muscle cells were then studied. Results A 1246 base pair long dystrophin sequence was identified in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrDys) followed by 1082 base pair long dystrophin sequence in P. monodon (PmDys). Four conserved domains were identified from the thirteen dystrophin sequences compared which were classified into 5 different phyla. From the phylogenetic analysis, aside from PmDys, the characterised MrDys was shown to be most similar to the invertebrate phylum of Nematoda. In addition, an initial down-regulation of dystrophin gene expression followed by eventual up-regulation, together with an increase in intracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]i were shown upon WSSV experimental infection. Discussion Both the functionality of the dystrophin protein and the intracellular calcium concentration were affected by WSSV infection which resulted in progressive muscle degeneration. An increased understanding of the role of dystrophin-calcium in MrDys and the interactions between these two components is necessary to prevent or reduce occurrences of muscle degeneration caused by WSSV infection, thereby reducing economic losses in the prawn farming industry from such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Fathima Noor
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Chiew Christie Soo
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farhana Mohd Ghani
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zee Hong Goh
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Teng Khoo
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genetics and Genome Evolutionary Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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41
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Hill RL, Singh IN, Wang JA, Hall ED. Time courses of post-injury mitochondrial oxidative damage and respiratory dysfunction and neuronal cytoskeletal degradation in a rat model of focal traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2017; 111:45-56. [PMID: 28342966 PMCID: PMC5610595 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in rapid reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative damage to essential brain cellular components leading to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. It is increasingly appreciated that a major player in TBI-induced oxidative damage is the reactive nitrogen species (RNS) peroxynitrite (PN) which is produced in large part in injured brain mitochondria. Once formed, PN decomposes into highly reactive free radicals that trigger membrane lipid peroxidation (LP) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g. arachidonic acid) and protein nitration (3-nitrotyrosine, 3-NT) in mitochondria and other cellular membranes causing various functional impairments to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and calcium (Ca2+) buffering capacity. The LP also results in the formation of neurotoxic reactive aldehyde byproducts including 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and propenal (acrolein) which exacerbates ROS/RNS production and oxidative protein damage in the injured brain. Ultimately, this results in intracellular Ca2+ overload that activates proteolytic degradation of α-spectrin, a neuronal cytoskeletal protein. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the temporal evolution of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and cytoskeletal degradation in the brain following a severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI in young male adult rats. In mitochondria isolated from an 8 mm diameter cortical punch including the 5 mm wide impact site and their respiratory function studied ex vivo, we observed an initial decrease in complex I and II mitochondrial bioenergetics within 3 h (h). For complex I bioenergetics, this partially recovered by 12-16 h, whereas for complex II respiration the recovery was complete by 12 h. During the first 24 h, there was no evidence of an injury-induced increase in LP or protein nitration in mitochondrial or cellular homogenates. However, beginning at 24 h, there was a gradual secondary decline in complex I and II respiration that peaked at 72 h. post-TBI that coincided with progressive peroxidation of mitochondrial and cellular lipids, protein nitration and protein modification by 4-HNE and acrolein. The oxidative damage and respiratory failure paralleled an increase in Ca2+-induced proteolytic degradation of the neuronal cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin indicating a failure of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. These findings of a surprisingly delayed peak in secondary injury, suggest that the therapeutic window and needed treatment duration for certain antioxidant treatment strategies following CCI-TBI in rodents may be longer than previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Hill
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Indrapal N Singh
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Juan A Wang
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Edward D Hall
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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42
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Derbala MH, Guo AS, Mohler PJ, Smith SA. The role of βII spectrin in cardiac health and disease. Life Sci 2017; 192:278-285. [PMID: 29128512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spectrins are large, flexible proteins comprised of α-β dimers that are connected head-to-head to form the canonical heterotetrameric spectrin structure. Spectrins were initially believed to be exclusively found in human erythrocytic membrane and are highly conserved among different species. βII spectrin, the most common isoform of non-erythrocytic spectrin, is found in all nucleated cells and forms larger macromolecular complexes with ankyrins and actins. Not only is βII spectrin a central cytoskeletal scaffolding protein involved in preserving cell structure but it has also emerged as a critical protein required for distinct physiologic functions such as posttranslational localization of crucial membrane proteins and signal transduction. In the heart, βII spectrin plays a vital role in maintaining normal cardiac membrane excitability and proper cardiac development during embryogenesis. Mutations in βII spectrin genes have been strongly linked with the development of serious cardiac disorders such as congenital arrhythmias, heart failure, and possibly sudden cardiac death. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the role βII spectrin plays in the cardiovascular system in health and disease and the potential future clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Derbala
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Aaron S Guo
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sakima A Smith
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Syrbe S, Harms FL, Parrini E, Montomoli M, Mütze U, Helbig KL, Polster T, Albrecht B, Bernbeck U, van Binsbergen E, Biskup S, Burglen L, Denecke J, Heron B, Heyne HO, Hoffmann GF, Hornemann F, Matsushige T, Matsuura R, Kato M, Korenke GC, Kuechler A, Lämmer C, Merkenschlager A, Mignot C, Ruf S, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Stamberger H, Pisano T, Tohyama J, Weckhuysen S, Werckx W, Wickert J, Mari F, Verbeek NE, Møller RS, Koeleman B, Matsumoto N, Dobyns WB, Battaglia D, Lemke JR, Kutsche K, Guerrini R. Delineating SPTAN1 associated phenotypes: from isolated epilepsy to encephalopathy with progressive brain atrophy. Brain 2017; 140:2322-2336. [PMID: 29050398 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo in-frame deletions and duplications in the SPTAN1 gene, encoding the non-erythrocyte αII spectrin, have been associated with severe West syndrome with hypomyelination and pontocerebellar atrophy. We aimed at comprehensively delineating the phenotypic spectrum associated with SPTAN1 mutations. Using different molecular genetic techniques, we identified 20 patients with a pathogenic or likely pathogenic SPTAN1 variant and reviewed their clinical, genetic and imaging data. SPTAN1 de novo alterations included seven unique missense variants and nine in-frame deletions/duplications of which 12 were novel. The recurrent three-amino acid duplication p.(Asp2303_Leu2305dup) occurred in five patients. Our patient cohort exhibited a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, comprising six patients with mild to moderate intellectual disability, with or without epilepsy and behavioural disorders, and 14 patients with infantile epileptic encephalopathy, of which 13 had severe neurodevelopmental impairment and four died in early childhood. Imaging studies suggested that the severity of neurological impairment and epilepsy correlates with that of structural abnormalities as well as the mutation type and location. Out of seven patients harbouring mutations outside the α/β spectrin heterodimerization domain, four had normal brain imaging and three exhibited moderately progressive brain and/or cerebellar atrophy. Twelve of 13 patients with mutations located within the spectrin heterodimer contact site exhibited severe and progressive brain, brainstem and cerebellar atrophy, with hypomyelination in most. We used fibroblasts from five patients to study spectrin aggregate formation by Triton-X extraction and immunocytochemistry followed by fluorescence microscopy. αII/βII aggregates and αII spectrin in the insoluble protein fraction were observed in fibroblasts derived from patients with the mutations p.(Glu2207del), p.(Asp2303_Leu2305dup) and p.(Arg2308_Met2309dup), all falling in the nucleation site of the α/β spectrin heterodimer region. Molecular modelling of the seven SPTAN1 amino acid changes provided preliminary evidence for structural alterations of the A-, B- and/or C-helices within each of the mutated spectrin repeats. We conclude that SPTAN1-related disorders comprise a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes ranging from mild to severe and progressive. Spectrin aggregate formation in fibroblasts with mutations in the α/β heterodimerization domain seems to be associated with a severe neurodegenerative course and suggests that the amino acid stretch from Asp2303 to Met2309 in the α20 repeat is important for α/β spectrin heterodimer formation and/or αII spectrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Syrbe
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martino Montomoli
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ulrike Mütze
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Tilman Polster
- Bethel Epilepsy Center - Krankenhaus Mara GmbH Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Albrecht
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bernbeck
- Rems-Murr-Kliniken GmbH, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Winnenden, Germany
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT-Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des Malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet and Département de Génétique et embryologie médicales, AP-HP, GHUEP, Hôpital Trousseau 75012 Paris, France.,GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ 06, Paris, France
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bénédicte Heron
- GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ 06, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique; Paris, France
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Hornemann
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Takeshi Matsushige
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryuki Matsuura
- Division of Neurology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Christoph Korenke
- Klinikum Oldenburg, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinik für Neuropaediatrie u. angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cyril Mignot
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique and Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris, France.,GRC UPMC "Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme", Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Ruf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hannah Stamberger
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Neurology; Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Neurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Neurology; Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Julia Wickert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nienke E Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bobby Koeleman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - William B Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Domenica Battaglia
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Catholic University, Largo Gemelli 18, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, A Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
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Sadanand A, Janardhanan A, Sankaradoss A, Vanisree AJ, Arulnambi T, Bhanu K. Erythrocyte membrane in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 7:127-134. [PMID: 30050383 PMCID: PMC6053092 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s143989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have many similar pathological conditions, and very few studies exist which detail their molecular features. Proteins like Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), α-spectrin (SPTA) and drebrin have been reported to be involved in the integrity of neuronal cell membrane and their functions. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted their implication in neurodegeneration. In the current study, we wanted to identify the role of NKA, SPTA and drebrin in the erythrocyte membranes obtained from the blood of patients with neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) subjected to motor impairment such as Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ataxia and dementia. We have studied the activity of NKA and the expression of NKA, SPTA and drebrin in the erythrocyte membrane by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot obtained from the blood samples of patients with NDs culminating in movement and memory dysfunction. We observed a significant reduction in the expressions of NKA, SPTA and drebrin when compared to control and significant variations among the recruited ND samples. On correlating, we found a significant relationship between the expressions and the clinical features such as bradykinesia. Thus, we suggest that the reduction in the expressions of NKA, SPTA and drebrin could function as tools of assessment and speculate the particular neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kesavamurthy Bhanu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
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45
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Robin G, López JR, Espinal GM, Hulsizer S, Hagerman PJ, Pessah IN. Calcium dysregulation and Cdk5-ATM pathway involved in a mouse model of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2649-2666. [PMID: 28444183 PMCID: PMC5886271 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a neurological disorder that affects premutation carriers with 55-200 CGG-expansion repeats (preCGG) in FMR1, presenting with early alterations in neuronal network formation and function that precede neurodegeneration. Whether intranuclear inclusions containing DNA damage response (DDR) proteins are causally linked to abnormal synaptic function, neuronal growth and survival are unknown. In a mouse that harbors a premutation CGG expansion (preCGG), cortical and hippocampal FMRP expression is moderately reduced from birth through adulthood, with greater FMRP reductions in the soma than in the neurite, despite several-fold elevation of Fmr1 mRNA levels. Resting cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured preCGG hippocampal neurons is chronically elevated, 3-fold compared to Wt; elevated ROS and abnormal glutamatergic responses are detected at 14 DIV. Elevated µ-calpain activity and a higher p25/p35 ratio in the cortex of preCGG young adult mice indicate abnormal Cdk5 regulation. In support, the Cdk5 substrate, ATM, is upregulated by 1.5- to 2-fold at P0 and 6 months in preCGG brain, as is p-Ser1981-ATM. Bax:Bcl-2 is 30% higher in preCGG brain, indicating a greater vulnerability to apoptotic activation. Elevated [Ca2+]i, ROS, and DDR signals are normalized with dantrolene. Chronic [Ca2+]i dysregulation amplifies Cdk5-ATM signaling, possibly linking impaired glutamatergic signaling and DDR to neurodegeneration in preCGG brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Robin
- Department Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - José R. López
- Department Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Glenda M. Espinal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Susan Hulsizer
- Department Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul J. Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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46
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Ono Y, Saido TC, Sorimachi H. Calpain research for drug discovery: challenges and potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:854-876. [PMID: 27833121 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are a family of proteases that were scientifically recognized earlier than proteasomes and caspases, but remain enigmatic. However, they are known to participate in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, performing 'limited proteolysis' whereby they do not destroy but rather modulate the functions of their substrates. Calpains are therefore referred to as 'modulator proteases'. Multidisciplinary research on calpains has begun to elucidate their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies targeting malfunctions of calpains have been developed, driven primarily by improvements in the specificity and bioavailability of calpain inhibitors. Here, we review the calpain superfamily and calpain-related disorders, and discuss emerging calpain-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ono
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sorimachi
- Calpain Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (IGAKUKEN), 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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47
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Wilson GN, Smith MA, Inman DM, Dengler-Crish CM, Crish SD. Early Cytoskeletal Protein Modifications Precede Overt Structural Degeneration in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:494. [PMID: 27857681 PMCID: PMC5093131 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport deficits precede structural loss in glaucoma and other neurodegenerations. Impairments in structural support, including modified cytoskeletal proteins, and microtubule-destabilizing elements, could be initiating factors in glaucoma pathogenesis. We investigated the time course of changes in protein levels and post-translational modifications in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. Using anterograde tract tracing of the retinal projection, we assessed major cytoskeletal and transported elements as a function of transport integrity in different stages of pathological progression. Using capillary-based electrophoresis, single- and multiplex immunosorbent assays, and immunofluorescence, we quantified hyperphosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain, phosphorylated tau (ptau), calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown product (145/150 kDa), β–tubulin, and amyloid-β42 proteins based on age and transport outcome to the superior colliculus (SC; the main retinal target in mice). Phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain (pNF-H) was elevated within the optic nerve (ON) and SC of 8–10 month-old DBA/2J mice, but was not evident in the retina until 12–15 months, suggesting that cytoskeletal modifications first appear in the distal retinal projection. As expected, higher pNF-H levels in the SC and retina were correlated with axonal transport deficits. Elevations in hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau) occurred in ON and SC between 3 and 8 month of age while retinal ptau accumulations occurred at 12–15 months in DBA/2J mice. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested increased affinity of ptau for the retrograde motor complex protein dynactin. We observed a transport-related decrease of β-tubulin in ON of 10–12 month-old DBA/2J mice, suggesting destabilized microtubule array. Elevations in calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown product were seen in ON and SC at the earliest age examined, well before axonal transport loss is evident. Finally, transport-independent elevations of amyloid-β42, unlike pNF-H or ptau, occurred first in the retina of DBA/2J mice, and then progressed to SC. These data demonstrate distal-to-proximal progression of cytoskeletal modifications in the progression of glaucoma, with many of these changes occurring prior to complete loss of functional transport and axon degeneration. The earliest changes, such as elevated spectrin breakdown and amyloid-β levels, may make retinal ganglion cells susceptible to future stressors. As such, targeting modification of the axonal cytoskeleton in glaucoma may provide unique opportunities to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina N Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA; School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State UniversityKent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA; Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstown, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, OH, USA
| | | | - Samuel D Crish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University Rootstown, OH, USA
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Oxidative damage and chemokine production dominate days before immune cell infiltration and EAE disease debut. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:246. [PMID: 27630002 PMCID: PMC5024447 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is widely accepted as an inflammatory disease. However, studies indicate that degenerative processes in the CNS occur prior to inflammation. In the widely used animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we investigated the significance of degenerative processes from mitochondrial membrane potentials, reactive oxidative species, cell death markers, chemokines, and inflammatory cell types in brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve tissue during the effector phase of the disease, before clinical disease was evident. Methods Sixty-two rats were placed in eight groups, n = 6 to 10. Four groups were immunized with spinal cord homogenate emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (one served as EAE group), three groups were immunized with complete Freund’s adjuvant only, and a control group was injected with phosphate buffered saline only. Groups were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, or 12–13 days after the intervention and analyzed for early signs of CNS degeneration. Results Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative changes was observed days before clinical disease debut at day 9.75 ± 0.89. The early mitochondrial changes were not associated with cytochrome C release, cleavage of caspases 9 (38/40 kDa) and 3 (17/19 kDa), and cleavage of PARP (89 kDa) or spectrin (120/150 kDa), and apoptosis was not initiated. Axonal degeneration was only present at disease onset. Increases in a range of cytokines and chemokines were observed systemically as a consequence of immunization with complete Freund’s adjuvant, whereas the encephalitogenic emulsion induced an upregulation of the chemokines Ccl2, Ccl20, and Cxcl1, specifically in brain tissue, 7 days after immunization. Conclusion Five to seven days after immunization, subtle decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential and an increased reactive oxygen species burden in brain tissue were observed. No cell death was detected at these time-points, but a specific expression pattern of chemokines indicates activity in the CNS, several days before clinical disease debut.
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Calpain-dependent truncated form of TrkB-FL increases in neurodegenerative processes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 75:81-92. [PMID: 27449758 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the mechanisms that drive reshaping of the nervous system are aberrantly activated in epilepsy and several neurodegenerative diseases. The recurrent seizures in epilepsy, particularly in the condition called status epilepticus, can cause permanent neurological damage, resulting in cognitive dysfunction and other serious neurological conditions. In this study, we used an in vitro model of status epilepticus to examine the role of calpain in the degeneration of hippocampal neurons. We grew neurons on a culture system that allowed studying the dendritic and axonal domains separately from the cell bodies. We found that a recently characterized calpain substrate, the neurotrophin receptor TrkB, is cleaved in the dendritic and axonal domain of neurons committed to die, and this constitutes an early step in the neuronal degeneration process. While the full-length TrkB (TrkB-FL) levels decreased, the truncated form of TrkB (Tc TrkB-FL) concurrently increased, leading to a TrkB-FL/Tc TrkB-FL imbalance, which is thought to be causally linked to neurodegeneration. We further show that the treatment with N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal, a specific calpain activity blocker, fully protects the neuronal processes from degeneration, prevents the TrkB-FL/Tc TrkB-FL imbalance, and provides full neuroprotection. Moreover, the use of the TrkB antagonist ANA 12 at the time when the levels of TrkB-FL were significantly decreased, totally blocked neuronal death, suggesting that Tc TrkB-FL may have a role in neuronal death. These results indicate that the imbalance of these neurotrophins receptors plays a key role in neurite degeneration induced by seizures.
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Zhu R, Yang T, Kobeissy F, Mouhieddine TH, Raad M, Nokkari A, Gold MS, Wang KK, Mechref Y. The Effect of Chronic Methamphetamine Exposure on the Hippocampal and Olfactory Bulb Neuroproteomes of Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151034. [PMID: 27082425 PMCID: PMC4833297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, drug abuse and addiction are serious public health problems in the USA. Methamphetamine (METH) is one of the most abused drugs and is known to cause brain damage after repeated exposure. In this paper, we conducted a neuroproteomic study to evaluate METH-induced brain protein dynamics, following a two-week chronic regimen of an escalating dose of METH exposure. Proteins were extracted from rat brain hippocampal and olfactory bulb tissues and subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Both shotgun and targeted proteomic analysis were performed. Protein quantification was initially based on comparing the spectral counts between METH exposed animals and their control counterparts. Quantitative differences were further confirmed through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) LC-MS/MS experiments. According to the quantitative results, the expression of 18 proteins (11 in the hippocampus and 7 in the olfactory bulb) underwent a significant alteration as a result of exposing rats to METH. 13 of these proteins were up-regulated after METH exposure while 5 were down-regulated. The altered proteins belonging to different structural and functional families were involved in processes such as cell death, inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Tianjiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Tarek H. Mouhieddine
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Raad
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amaly Nokkari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YM); (KKW)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YM); (KKW)
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