1
|
Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Abral H, Zainudin ES, Aziz FA. An examination of recent research of water absorption behavior of natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131845. [PMID: 38677695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have begun focusing on developing biodegradable materials, such as natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPC), since the growing of environmental concerns related to waste management. One crucial aspect that must be established in the development of these composites is their water-absorption behavior. This paper examines the water absorption (WA) behavior of NFPC, with a specific emphasis on natural fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites. It discusses processes and numerous aspects related to this behavior, based on recent published research. This review analyzes the influence of several factors, such as the loading of natural fiber, the combination of different natural fibers, the methods used in manufacturing, and the temperature of the water, on the WA behavior of natural fiber/PLA composites. It also explores how WA affects the properties of these composites. In addition, this review also presented techniques for improving the WA resistance of the composites. This review paper provides researchers with insights into the WA behavior of the composites, aiming to facilitate the development of a versatile and eco-friendly material that may effectively address waste disposal challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adlan Azka
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - E S Zainudin
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faieza Abdul Aziz
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bahrami M, Abenojar J, Aparicio GM, Martínez MA. Thermal Stability, Durability, and Service Life Estimation of Woven Flax-Carbon Hybrid Polyamide Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2020. [PMID: 38730826 PMCID: PMC11084306 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Woven flax-carbon hybrid polyamide biocomposites offer a blend of carbon fibers' mechanical strength and flax's environmental advantages, potentially developing material applications. This study investigated their thermal behavior, degradation kinetics, and durability to water uptake and relative humidity exposure and compared them with pure flax and carbon composites with the same matrix. The hybrid composite exhibited intermediate water/moisture absorption levels between pure flax and carbon composites, with 7.2% water absorption and 3.5% moisture absorption. It also displayed comparable thermal degradation resistance to the carbon composite, effectively maintaining its weight up to 300 °C. Further analysis revealed that the hybrid composite exhibited a decomposition energy of 268 kJ/mol, slightly lower than the carbon composite's value of 288.5 kJ/mol, indicating similar thermal stability. Isothermal lifetime estimation, employing the activation energy (Ed) and degree of conversion facilitated by the Model Free Kinetics method, indicated a 41% higher service life of the hybrid laminate at room temperature compared to the carbon laminate. These insights are crucial for understanding the industrial applications of these materials without compromising durability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
| | - Juana Abenojar
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Pontificia Comillas of Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladis M. Aparicio
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University Autónoma of Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia;
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pop MA, Croitoru C, Matei S, Zaharia SM, Coșniță M, Spîrchez C. Thermal and Sound Insulation Properties of Organic Biocomposite Mixtures. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:672. [PMID: 38475356 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable building materials with excellent thermal stability and sound insulation are crucial for eco-friendly construction. This study investigates biocomposites made from cellulose pulp reinforced with beeswax, fir resin, and natural fillers like horsetail, rice flour, and fir needles. Eight formulations were obtained, and their thermal resistance, oxidation temperature, and acoustic properties were evaluated. Biocomposites exhibited significant improvements compared to conventional materials. Oxidation temperature onset increased by 60-70 °C compared to polyurethane foam or recycled textiles, reaching 280-290 °C. Sound absorption coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.78, with some formulations exceeding 0.5 across mid-frequencies, indicating good sound-dampening potential. These findings demonstrate the promise of these biocomposites for sustainable construction, offering a balance of thermal and acoustic performance alongside environmental and health benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Alin Pop
- Department of Materials Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Cătălin Croitoru
- Materials Engineering and Welding Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Simona Matei
- Department of Materials Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Sebastian-Marian Zaharia
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Coșniță
- Department of Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Cosmin Spîrchez
- Wood Processing and Design Wooden Product Department, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sathishkumar TP, Shah MA, Panchal H, Sharma K, Gopinath R, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Rajesh Kumar L, Rampradheep GS. Characterization of new cellulose fiber extracted from second generation Bitter Albizia tree. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1693. [PMID: 38242914 PMCID: PMC10799074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work examines the physical, thermal tensile, and chemical properties of wood skin fibers obtained from second generation Bitter Albizia (BA) tree skin. Chemical characterization of BA fibers showed the presence of various chemical contents such as cellulose of 74.89 wt. %, hemicellulose of 14.50 wt. %, wax of 0.31 wt. %, lignin of 12.8 wt. %, moisture of 11.71 wt. %, and ash of 19.29 wt. %. The density of BA fibers (BAFs) was showed 1285 kg/m3. XRD analysis of BAFs showed a crystallinity index (CI) of 57.20% and size of crystallite of 1.68 nm. Tensile strength and strain to failure of BAFs examined through tensile test were 513-1226 MPa and 0.8-1.37% respectively. TGA portrayed the thermal steadiness of BAFs as 339 °C with 55.295 kJ/mol kinetic activation energy, its residual mass was 23.35% at 548 °C. BAFs with high CI, less wax content, and better tensile strength make more suitable for making polymer matrix composites. SEM images of the BAFs surface depicted that the fiber outer surface has more rough which shows that they can contribute to hige fiber-matrix adhesion during composites preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Sathishkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Bakhtar University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India.
| | - Hitesh Panchal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College patan, Katpur, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G S Rampradheep
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yue L, Yao W, Teng F, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Liang C, Zhu L. Polymer Composite Thermoforming: Ultrasonic-Assisted Optimization for Enhanced Adhesive Performance in Automotive Interior Components. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:52. [PMID: 38201716 PMCID: PMC10780841 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual-component epoxy resins are widely used for bonding different materials in automotive interior processing. However, due to the complexity and variability of automotive interior parts, uneven temperature distribution on curved surfaces during the thermoforming process can lead to uneven thermal stress distribution, damaging the interior components. This study focuses on addressing the damage issues caused by uneven thermal stress distribution during the thermoforming of automotive interior components. By monitoring the temperature and strain on the adhesive surface of the interior components during processing, using sensors and combining the readings with a finite element simulation, damage to the adhesive during processing was simulated. Based on this, a segmented thermoforming method for the model surface was employed, but it was found that this method did not significantly reduce the level of damage to the adhesive during application. Building upon the segmented simulation, significant results were achieved by applying temperature modulation at a certain frequency to adjust the damage of the interior components during processing. The techniques used in this study successfully reduced the unevenness of the adhesive surface temperature, improved the performance of the adhesive during application through segmented optimization and the application of ultrasound-assisted techniques, and markedly reduced the manufacturing process's energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liufei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (L.Y.)
| | - Weiguo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (L.Y.)
| | - Fei Teng
- College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yanchao Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Zengxia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Ce Liang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (L.Y.)
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma S, Asolekar SR, Thakur VK, Asokan P. Valorization of cellulosic fiber derived from waste biomass of constructed wetland as a potential reinforcement in polymeric composites: A technological approach to achieve circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117850. [PMID: 37105106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the suitability of cellulosic fibers derived from Canna indica waste biomass for utilization as a reinforcement in natural fiber polymeric composites. The waste biomass was harvested from constructed wetlands engaged in the treatment of municipal wastewater from a gated community. The extracted Canna indica (CI) fibers were studied for their physicochemical, mechanical, structural, crystallographic, and thermal characteristics and proposed as a potential alternative to synthetic fiber. The CI fibers contained a relatively higher amount of cellulose (60 wt%) and a low wax fraction (0.5 wt%) - which is advantageous for its gainful utilization as a reinforcement. The CI fibers were thermally stable up to 237 °C and have an average fiber length, diameter, and density of 4.3 mm, 842 μm, and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The mean maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus were found to be 113 ± 6.82 MPa and 0.8 ± 7.91 GPa, respectively. The nano-indentation test displayed the nano hardness and modulus as 0.3 ± 0.6 GPa and 1.62 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively. The crystallographic properties of CI fibers consisted of an 87.45% crystallinity index and 3.2 nm crystallite size. The morphological attributes of CI fibers showed rough surfaces and shallow cavities on the surfaces of the fibers suggesting the suitability for its utilization as a reinforcement. It is argued that this technological approach can potentially achieve circular economy through valorization of Canna indica biomass harvested from natural wastewater treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Shyam R Asolekar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - P Asokan
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Department, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes, Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pinheiro MA, Ribeiro MM, Rosa DLS, Nascimento DDCB, da Silva ACR, Dos Reis MAL, Monteiro SN, Candido VS. Periquiteira ( Cochlospermum orinocense): A Promising Amazon Fiber for Application in Composite Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092120. [PMID: 37177266 PMCID: PMC10181227 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) have in recent decades appeared as sustainable reinforcement alternatives to replace synthetic fibers in polymer composite material applications. In this work, for the first time, the periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense), a lesser known NLF from the Amazon region, was analyzed for its density and, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to calculate the crystallinity index as well as the microfibrillar angle (MFA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron analysis (SEM) and tensile strength. The apparent density found for the periquiteira fiber was 0.43 g/cm3, one of the NLF's lowest. XRD analysis indicated a crystallinity index of 70.49% and MFA of 7.32°. The TGA disclosed thermal stability up to 250 °C. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic of NLFs. The SEM morphological analysis revealed that the periquiteira fiber presents fine bundles of fibrils and a rough surface throughout its entire length. The average strength value of the periquiteira fiber was found as 178 MPa. These preliminary results indicate that the periquiteira fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing agent in polymeric matrices and can generate a lightweight composite with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in various industrial sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriane Alexandrino Pinheiro
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Maurício Maia Ribeiro
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Diemison Lira Santa Rosa
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil
| | | | - Alisson Clay Rios da Silva
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil
| | - Marcos Allan Leite Dos Reis
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Materials Science Program, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Verônica Scarpini Candido
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará-UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gurupranes SV, Rajendran I, Gokulkumar S, Aravindh M, Sathish S, Elias Uddin M. Preparation, Characteristics, and Application of Biopolymer Materials Reinforced with Lignocellulosic Fibres. INT J POLYM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1738967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various environmental concerns motivate scientists and researchers to look out for unique new materials in science and technology. In order to address the demand for polymeric materials with partial biodegradability, the usage of lignocellulosic fibre in the polymer matrix has risen. Lignocellulosic fibres are a cheap, easily renewable resource that is readily available in all regions. Cellulosic plant fibres also have a plethora of possibilities for use in polymer reinforcement because of their properties. Many researchers put their effort into developing a natural polymer with better mechanical properties and thermal stability using nanotechnology and the use of natural polymers to make its composites with lignocellulosic fibres. This study provides a review of the biodegradable composite market, processing methods, matrix-reinforcement phases, morphology, and characteristic improvements. In addition, it provides a concise summary of the findings of significant research on natural fibre polymer composites (NFRCs) that have been published. Indeed, a noticeably brief discussion is provided on the significant issues faced during composite extraction as well as the challenges encountered during the machining. Recent developments in the study of lignocellulosic fibre composites or NFRCs have demonstrated their enormous potential as structural elements in vehicles, aerospace structures, buildings, ballistics, soundproofing, and other structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Gurupranes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu 642003, India
| | - I. Rajendran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu 642003, India
| | - S. Gokulkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407, India
| | - M. Aravindh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407, India
| | - S. Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407, India
| | - Md. Elias Uddin
- Department of Leather Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Assessment of chitosan/pectin-rich vegetable waste composites for the active packaging of dry foods. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
10
|
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber–Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites: A Critical Study. INT J POLYM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1332157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu L, Yang M, Yao L, He Z, Yu JX, Yin W, Chi RA. Polyaminophosphoric Acid-Modified Ion-Imprinted Chitosan Aerogel with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity for Selective La(III) Recovery and Oil/Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53947-53959. [PMID: 36416789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyaminophosphoric acid (PA)-functionalized ion-imprinted chitosan (CS) aerogel was fabricated for the first time, exhibiting good antibacterial property for selective La(III) recovery and oil/water separation. The as-prepared PA-CS-IIA-2 shows a remarkable adsorption capacity of 114.6 mg/g toward La(III) and high selectivity in the competitive adsorption systems, which is attributed to its abundant imprinting sites and surface functional groups. Benefiting from the amphiphilic property, the PA-CS-IIA-2 also exhibits an excellent adsorption performance for the extractant, oils, and organic solvents. Besides, the PA-CS-IIA-2 presents excellent regeneration and reusability characteristics. Moreover, compared with CS, the PA-CS-IIA-2 exhibits a significantly improved antibacterial activity originating from the PA component. Most importantly, the PA-CS-IIA-2 aerogel is capable of removing multiple pollutants all together and effectively inhibiting bacteria in the complex wastewater environments. Therefore, this study paves the way for developing high-performance rare-earth capture materials with multiple functions to meet diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Lifeng Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhangyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jun-Xia Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resource Exploitation, School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Weiyan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Ru-An Chi
- School of Xing Fa Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Natural fiber reinforced biomass-derived poly(ester-urethane–acrylate) composites for sustainable engineering applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
13
|
Parveez B, Kittur MI, Badruddin IA, Kamangar S, Hussien M, Umarfarooq MA. Scientific Advancements in Composite Materials for Aircraft Applications: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225007. [PMID: 36433134 PMCID: PMC9692500 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in aircraft materials and their manufacturing technologies have enabled progressive growth in innovative materials such as composites. Al-based, Mg-based, Ti-based alloys, ceramic-based, and polymer-based composites have been developed for the aerospace industry with outstanding properties. However, these materials still have some limitations such as insufficient mechanical properties, stress corrosion cracking, fretting wear, and corrosion. Subsequently, extensive studies have been conducted to develop aerospace materials that possess superior mechanical performance and are corrosion-resistant. Such materials can improve the performance as well as the life cycle cost. This review introduces the recent advancements in the development of composites for aircraft applications. Then it focuses on the studies conducted on composite materials developed for aircraft structures, followed by various fabrication techniques and then their applications in the aircraft industry. Finally, it summarizes the efforts made by the researchers so far and the challenges faced by them, followed by the future trends in aircraft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Parveez
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (I.A.B.)
| | - M. I. Kittur
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Anjum Badruddin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Sarfaraz Kamangar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Pesticide Formulation Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - M. A. Umarfarooq
- Center of Excellence in Material Science, School of Mechanical Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kamaci M, Kaya I. Chitosan based hybrid hydrogels for drug delivery: Preparation, biodegradation, thermal, and mechanical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Kamaci
- Piri Reis University Istanbul Turkey
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Ismet Kaya
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jani SP, Jose AS, Rajaganapathy C, Khan MA. A polymer resin matrix modified by coconut filler and its effect on structural behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Degradation Characteristics of Environment-Friendly Bamboo Fiber Lunch Box Buried in the Soil. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research on the development of lunch boxes made of clean, environment-friendly, and naturally degradable plant fibers has attracted enormous attention. A bamboo fiber lunch box prepared by the clean and efficient steam explosion method has the advantages of good stiffness, water and oil resistance, and easy degradation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degradation behavior of the environment-friendly bamboo fiber lunch box under indoor soil burial, as represented by the changes in physical properties, mechanical strength, chemical components, morphological structure, and so on. The results showed that: with the extension of the burial time, the weight loss increased rapidly from slowly to quickly; the boxes were completely degraded in the soil on the 70th day; the microorganisms in the soil first decomposed the tapioca starch, hemicellulose, and cellulose in the lunch box, and finally decomposed the lignin; the residual debris in the soil was further decomposed into CO2, H2O, and inorganic salts. In short, the degradation process of the lunch box mainly included the following stages: stage I: the increase in apparent roughness, the generation of microcracks, the rapid increase in weight loss, and the breakdown of starch and hemicellulose; stage II: the slow increase in the weight loss rate of the box fragmentation, the rapid decay of the mechanical strength, and the cellulose decomposition; stage III: the decomposition of lignin, the complete degradation of the debris, and the integration with the soil.
Collapse
|
17
|
Comparison of Melting Processes for WPC and the Resulting Differences in Thermal Damage, Emissions and Mechanics. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093393. [PMID: 35591727 PMCID: PMC9105887 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The necessity for resource-efficient manufacturing technologies requires new developments within the field of plastic processing. Lightweight design using wood fibers as sustainable reinforcement for thermoplastics might be one solution. The processing of wood fibers requires special attention to the applied thermal load. Even at low processing temperatures, the influence of the dwell time, temperature and shear force is critical to ensure the structural integrity of fibers. Therefore, this article compares different compounding rates for polypropylene with wood fibers and highlights their effects on the olfactory, visual and mechanical properties of the injection-molded part. The study compares one-step processing, using an injection-molding compounder (IMC), with two-step processing, using a twin-scew-extruder (TSE), a heating/cooling mixer (HCM) and an internal mixer (IM) with subsequent injection molding. Although the highest fiber length was achieved by using the IMC, the best mechanical properties were achieved by the HCM and IM. The measured oxidation induction time and volatile organic compound content indicate that the lowest amount of thermal damage occurred when using the HCM and IM. The advantage of one-time melting was evened out by the dwell time. The reinforcement of thermoplastics by wood fibers depends more strongly on the structural integrity of the fibers compared to their length and homogeneity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ezenkwa OE, Hassan A, Samsudin SA. Mechanical properties of rice husk and rice husk ash filled maleated polymers compatibilized polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obinna E. Ezenkwa
- Enhanced Polymer Engineering Group (EnPro), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Building Materials Research and Development Centre Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria
| | - Azman Hassan
- Enhanced Polymer Engineering Group (EnPro), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor Malaysia
| | - Sani A. Samsudin
- Enhanced Polymer Engineering Group (EnPro), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai Johor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Asyraf M, Ishak M, Syamsir A, Nurazzi N, Sabaruddin F, Shazleen S, Norrrahim M, Rafidah M, Ilyas R, Rashid MZA, Razman M. Mechanical properties of oil palm fibre-reinforced polymer composites: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:33-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
20
|
High-density polyethylene/artichoke leaf powder polymer composites: dynamic mechanical, morphological and thermal properties. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
A Review on the Thermal Characterisation of Natural and Hybrid Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244425. [PMID: 34960977 PMCID: PMC8705297 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal stability of natural fiber composites is a relevant aspect to be considered since the processing temperature plays a critical role in the manufacturing process of composites. At higher temperatures, the natural fiber components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) start to degrade and their major properties (mechanical and thermal) change. Different methods are used in the literature to determine the thermal properties of natural fiber composites as well as to help to understand and determine their suitability for a certain applications (e.g., Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and differential mechanical thermal analysis (DMA)). Weight loss percentage, the degradation temperature, glass transition temperature (Tg), and viscoelastic properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, and the damping factor) are the most common thermal properties determined by these methods. This paper provides an overview of the recent advances made regarding the thermal properties of natural and hybrid fiber composites in thermoset and thermoplastic polymeric matrices. First, the main factors that affect the thermal properties of natural and hybrid fiber composites (fiber and matrix type, the presence of fillers, fiber content and orientation, the treatment of the fibers, and manufacturing process) are briefly presented. Further, the methods used to determine the thermal properties of natural and hybrid composites are discussed. It is concluded that thermal analysis can provide useful information for the development of new materials and the optimization of the selection process of these materials for new applications. It is crucial to ensure that the natural fibers used in the composites can withstand the heat required during the fabrication process and retain their characteristics in service.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang H, Hou X, Dearn KD, Su D, Kamal Ahmed Ali M. Thermal stability enhancement mechanism of engine oil using hybrid MoS2/h-BN nano-additives with ionic liquid modification. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Ali M, Almuzaiqer R, Al-Salem K, Alabdulkarem A, Nuhait A. New novel thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials from discarded facemasks of COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23240. [PMID: 34853391 PMCID: PMC8636519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, people were encouraged and sometimes required to wear disposable facemasks, which then are discarded creating an environmental problem. In this study, we aim at investigating novel ideas to recycle wasted facemasks in order to lower the environmental impact. An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the possibility of using discarded masks for thermal insulation and sound absorption. The wasted masks are simulated by new masks, which stripped off the nose clips, elastic ear loops and are heated to 120 °C for one hour to kill any biological contaminants. The masks are also melted to investigate their thermal insulation and sound absorption properties. Results show that the thermal conductivity coefficients of the loose and melted masks are 0.03555 and 0.08683 W/m K, respectively, at room temperature of about 25 °C. Results show also that the sound absorption coefficient for loose masks is above 0.6 for the frequency range 600-5000 Hz. The loose facemasks are found to be thermally stable up to 295 °C, elastic ear loops at 304.7 °C, and the composite (melted) facemasks at 330.0 °C using the thermo-gravimetric analysis. Characterization of the facemask's three-layer fibers and the composite (melted) samples is obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-point bending test is obtained for the composite specimens showing good values of flexural stress, flexural strain, and flexural elastic modulus. These results are promising about using such discarded masks as new thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials for buildings replacing the synthetic or petrochemical insulation materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - R Almuzaiqer
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Al-Salem
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alabdulkarem
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Nuhait
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
A Novel Study of Synthesis and Experimental Investigation on Hybrid Biocomposites for Biomedical Orthopedic Application. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7549048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the biocomposites are highly utilized in the biomedical applications, due to excellent strength as well as weight ratio. A lot of natural fibers, namely, flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, and sisal are cheaply available in colossal amount. Aim of this study, a novel approach, is executed for construction of biomedical orthopedic parts by using mixture of natural fibers. This work handled biocomposites such as flax fiber (FX), chicken feather fiber (CF), kenaf fiber (KF), and rice husk fiber (RH) effectively. From all these composites, four sets of mixed fibers with reinforcement of polylactic acid polymer used for creating orthopedic parts. The hand-lay-based methodology is undertaken for preparation of hybrid biocomposites. Parameters involved for this study are fiber types (KF + RH, RH + FX, FX + CF, and CF + KF), laminate count (2, 4, 6 and 8) infill density (30%, 60%, 90%, and 120%), and raster angle (0/60, 30/120, 50/140, and 70/160). Finding of this work is dimensional accuracy, flexural strength, and shore hardness that are analyzed by L16 orthogonal array. ANOVA statistical analysis is enhanced and enlightens the results of flexural strength and source hardness of the biocomposites. Amongst in four parameters, the fiber type parameter extremely contributes such as 40.50% in the flexural analysis. Similarly, laminate count parameter highly contributes such as 31.01% in the shore hardness analysis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kumar A, Biswal M, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Recent developments of lignocellulosic natural fiber reinforced hybrid thermosetting composites for high-end structural applications: a review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Van Cong D, Giang NV, Trung TH, Tuan PQ, Thai NT, Tham DQ, Van Tien M, Quang DV. Novel biocomposite from polyamide 11 and jute fibres: the significance of fibre modification with
SiO
2
nanoparticles. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Van Cong
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Giang
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Tran Huu Trung
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Pham Quoc Tuan
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Environment Faculty Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thai
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Do Quang Tham
- Institute for Tropical Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Mai Van Tien
- Environment Faculty Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dang Viet Quang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Phenikaa University Hanoi Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morales MA, Maranon A, Hernandez C, Porras A. Development and Characterization of a 3D Printed Cocoa Bean Shell Filled Recycled Polypropylene for Sustainable Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3162. [PMID: 34578062 PMCID: PMC8472922 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural filler-based composites are an environmentally friendly and potentially sustainable alternative to synthetic or plastic counterparts. Recycling polymers and using agro-industrial wastes are measures that help to achieve a circular economy. Thus, this work presents the development and characterization of a 3D printing filament based on recycled polypropylene and cocoa bean shells, which has not been explored yet. The obtained composites were thermally and physically characterized. In addition, the warping effect, mechanical, and morphological analyses were performed on 3D printed specimens. Thermal analysis exhibited decreased thermal stability when cacao bean shell (CBS) particles were added due to their lignocellulosic content. A reduction in both melting enthalpy and crystallinity percentage was identified. This is caused by the increase in the amorphous structures present in the hemicellulose and lignin of the CBS. Mechanical tests showed high dependence of the mechanical properties on the 3D printing raster angle. Tensile strength increased when a raster angle of 0° was used, compared to specimens printed at 90°, due to the load direction. Tensile strength and fracture strain were improved with CBS addition in specimens printed at 90°, and better bonding between adjacent layers was achieved. Electron microscope images identified particle fracture, filler-matrix debonding, and matrix breakage as the central failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms are attributed to the poor interfacial bonding between the CBS particles and the matrix, which reduced the tensile properties of specimens printed at 0°. On the other hand, the printing process showed that cocoa bean shell particles reduced by 67% the characteristic warping effect of recycled polypropylene during 3D printing, which is advantageous for 3D printing applications of the rPP. Thereby, potential sustainable natural filler composite filaments for 3D printing applications with low density and low cost can be developed, adding value to agro-industrial and plastic wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Morales
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Alejandro Maranon
- Structural Integrity Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Camilo Hernandez
- Sustainable Design in Mechanical Engineering Research Group (DSIM), Department of Mechanical, Engineering, Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieria Julio Graravito, Autopista Norte AK 45 205 59, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Alicia Porras
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, CR 1 18a 12, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sohini Chakraborty, Mathew MM, Simon R, George N, Vadakkekara A, Mary NL. Antibacterial Activity of Polymer Blend Nanocomposites with the Incorporation of Bentonite and Gold Nanorods. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Mohd Izwan S, Sapuan S, Zuhri M, Mohamed A. Thermal Stability and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Benzoylation Treated Sugar Palm/Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172961. [PMID: 34503001 PMCID: PMC8434343 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was performed to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF)- and kenaf fiber (KF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. Sugar palm/kenaf was successfully treated by benzoylation treatment. The hybridized bio-composites (PP/SPF/KF) were fabricated with overall 10 weight percentage (wt%) relatively with three different fibers ratios between sugar palm-treated and kenaf-treated (7:3, 5:5, 3:7) and vice versa. The investigations of thermal stability were then carried out by using diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The result of a flammability test showed that the treated hybrid composite (PP/SPF/KF) was the specimen that exhibited the best flammability properties, having the lowest average burning rate of 28 mm/min. The stiffness storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), and damping factor (Tan δ) were examined by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The hybrid composite with the best ratio (PP/SPF/KF), T-SP5K5, showed a loss modulus (E”) of 86.2 MPa and a damping factor of 0.058. In addition, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) of the studies of the dimension coefficient (µm) against temperature were successfully recorded, with T-SP5K5 achieving the highest dimensional coefficient of 30.11 µm at 105 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mohd Izwan
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.I.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
| | - S.M. Sapuan
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.I.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Bio Composite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - M.Y.M. Zuhri
- Centre of Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.I.); (M.Y.M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Bio Composite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - A.R. Mohamed
- Department of Manufacturing and Material Engineering, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Islam A, Molla Y, Dey TK, Jamal M, Rathanasamy R, Uddin ME. Latex reinforced waste buffing dust-jeans cotton composites and its characterization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Characterization of electrospun polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber for protective textiles. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism of p-alkoxybenzyl alcohol ([4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxymethyl]polystyrene) resin pyrolysis: Revealing new information on thermal stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
33
|
Thermal degradation behaviour of natural fibres at thermoplastic composite processing temperatures. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
34
|
Rumińska W, Markiewicz KH, Wilczewska AZ, Nawrocka A. Effect of oil pomaces on thermal properties of model dough and gluten network studied by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Food Chem 2021; 358:129882. [PMID: 33940294 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermal analyses were used to determine thermal properties and transitions in model dough and gluten network induced by five oil pomaces obtained from seeds of black seed, pumpkin, hemp, milk thistle and primrose. The model dough was supplemented with 3%, 6% and 9% of the pomaces. Analysis of TGA parameters of supplemented model dough and gluten showed that both objects were thermally stable. However, analysis of difference TGA thermograms indicated that samples supplemented with pomaces differ in thermal behaviour. The differences were confirmed by DSC results. In the case of model dough, supplementation caused appearance of two endothermic peaks at ca. 295 and 340 °C and significant increase in transition enthalpy. Modified gluten thermograms showed one exothermic peak at 280 °C which enthalpy changed slightly with increase in pomace content. The present results indicated that model dough is characterized by more ordered structure comparing to control and gluten samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rumińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina H Markiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Z Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Poly(vinyl chloride) Composites with Raspberry Pomace Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071079. [PMID: 33805463 PMCID: PMC8036324 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined, the effect of chemically extracted raspberry pomace on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, flammability, chemical structure and processing of poly(vinyl chloride). It was observed that the pomace in this study was used to extract naphtha, thereby permitting the removal of bio-oil as a factor preventing the obtaining of homogeneous composites. Furthermore, adding 20% raspberry pomace filler after extraction extended the thermal stability time for the composites by about 30%. It was observed that composite density, impact strength, and tensile strength values decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of filler in the PVC matrix. At the same time, their modulus of elasticity and Shore hardness increased. All tested composites were characterized by a good burning resistance with a flammability rating of V0 according to the UL94 test. Adding 20 to 40% of a natural filler to the PVC matrix made it possible to obtain composites for the production of flame resistant elements that emitted less hydrogen chloride under fire conditions while ensuring good rigidity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Comparative Study of the Reinforcement Type Effect on the Thermomechanical Properties and Burning of Epoxy-Based Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aramid (AF), glass (GF), carbon (CF), basalt (BF), and flax (FF) fibers in the form of fabrics were used to produce the composites by hand-lay up method. The use of fabrics of similar grammage for composites’ manufacturing allowed for a comprehensive comparison of the properties of the final products. The most important task was to prepare a complex setup of mechanical and thermomechanical properties, supplemented by fire behavior analysis, and discuss both characteristics in their application range. The mechanical properties were investigated using tensile and flexural tests, as well as impact strength measurement. The investigation was improved by assessing thermomechanical properties under dynamic deformation conditions (dynamic mechanical–thermal analysis (DMTA)). All products were subjected to a fire test carried out using a cone calorimeter (CC).
Collapse
|
37
|
Straw/Nano-Additive Hybrids as Functional Fillers for Natural Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020321. [PMID: 33435445 PMCID: PMC7826977 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, up to 215 million metric tons of harvestable straw are available in Europe, 50% of the crops come from wheat, 25% from barley and 25% from maize. More than half of the production remains undeveloped. The overproduction of straw in the world means that the current methods of its management are insufficient. The article describes the production method and characterization of natural rubber biocomposites containing cereal straw powder modified with functional nano-additives in the form of carbon black, silica and halloysite nanotubes. The use of cereal straw in the elastomer matrix should contribute to obtaining a product with good mechanical properties while ensuring a low cost of the composite. In turn, the application of the mechanical modification process will allow the combination of specific properties of raw materials to obtain new, advanced elastomeric materials. As part of the work, hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified cereal straw were produced. The impact of hybrid fillers on mechanical, rheometric and damping properties was assessed. The flammability and susceptibility of the obtained biocomposites to aging processes were determined. The use of hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified straw allowed us to obtain a higher cross-linking density of vulcanizates (even up to 40% compared to the reference sample), and thus higher values of the rheometric moment during the vulcanization process of rubber mixtures (from approx. 10% (10 phr of filler) up to 50% (30 phr of filler) in relation to the unfilled system) and higher hardness of vulcanizates (by about 30–70%). The curing time of the blends was slightly longer, but the obtained composites were characterized by significantly higher tensile strength. The use of fillers in the elastomer matrix increased the modulus at 100, 200 and 300% and the elongation at break. Moreover, greater resistance of vulcanizates to the combustion process was confirmed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Adenine as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Sustainable Composites Production with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Cellulosic Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123054. [PMID: 33419353 PMCID: PMC7766952 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, Adenine is proposed, for the first time, as a cross-linker for epoxy resins. Adenine is an amino-substituted purine with heterocyclic aromatic structure showing both proton donors, and hydrogen bonding ability. DSC studies show that adenine is able to positively cross-link a biobased DGEBA-like commercial epoxy precursor with good thermal performance and a reaction mechanism based on a 1H NMR investigation has been proposed. The use of such a formulation to produce composite with recycled short carbon fibers (and virgin ones for the sake of comparison), as well as jute and linen natural fibers as sustainable reinforcements, leads to materials with high compaction and fiber content. The curing cycle was optimized for both carbon fiber and natural fiber reinforced materials, with the aim to achieve the better final properties. All composites produced display good thermal and mechanical properties with glass transition in the range of HT resins (Tg > 150 °C, E’ =26 GPa) for the carbon fiber-based composites. The natural fiber-based composites display slightly lower performance that is nonetheless good compared with standard composite performance (Tg about 115–120 °C, E’ = 7–9 GPa). The present results thus pave the way to the application of adenine as hardener system for composites production.
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh SP. Application of weibull mixture model to illustrate wheat straw black liquor pyrolysis kinetics. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|